B.4 Running Rail - to - Earth Resistance Test

IEEE P1653.4/D1, July 2008OctoberNovember 2009

Standard for dc Traction Power System Field Testing and Acceptance Criteria for System Applications up to 1500 Volts dc Nominal

Sponsored by the Rail Transit Vehicle Interface Standards Committee of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society

Copyright © 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Three Park Avenue

New York, New York 10016-5997, USA

All rights reserved.

This document is an unapproved draft of a proposed IEEE Standard. As such this document is subject to change. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Because this is an unapproved draft, this document shall not be utilized for any conformance/compliance purposes. Permission is hereby granted for IEEE Standards Committee participants to reproduce this document for purposes of international standardization consideration. Prior to adoption of this document, in whole or in part, by another standard development organization permission shall first be obtained from the IEEE Standards Activities Department ([email protected]). Other entities seeking permission to reproduce this document, in whole or in part, shall also obtain permission from the IEEE Standards Activities Department.

IEEE Standards Activities Department

445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331

Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA

54 of of 22

Copyright (C) 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved.

This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change.


Introduction

This introduction provides background on the rationale used to develop this standard, which may aid in the understanding, usage, and applicability of this standard.

This standard is intended to apply to field testing of installed dc traction power substation (TPSS) equipment rated at 1500 V dc nominal or less. Installed traction power substations may be ready for revenue service once the tests included in this standard are performed and accepted by the authority. Factory testing, “design and production tests” of a traction power substation and its individual equipment is covered in other standards. This standard is designed to verify the integration of individual pieces of equipment covered in other standards to achieve their intended function once they are assembled and integrated as a complete traction power substation configured into a system-wide traction power system.

Notice to users

Laws and regulations

Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.

Copyrights

This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document.

Updating of IEEE documents

Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association Web site at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously.

For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA Web site at http://standards.ieee.org.

55 of of 22



http://standards.ieee.org/

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp


Errata

Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically.

Interpretations

Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.

Patents

Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association.

56 of of 22



http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html

http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html


At the time this standard was completed, the working group had the following membership:

Jay Sender, Chair

Sam Kundu, Vice Chair

Ahmed Zobaa Alexander Kline Arthur McVitty

Ashton Robinson Benjamin Stell Bob Fisher

Chris Pagni Chuck Ross

Dave Prakash Constantinos Orphanides David Groves

Dev Paul David Reinke Earl Fish

Fred Rooney Gary Touryan Gilbert Cabral

Greg Thompson Herb Zwilling Jeffrey Sisson

Jeftic Mladen John Pascu John Whitney

Keith Miller Mark Griffiths Mike Dinolfo

Nerendra Shah Nick Rassias Oscar Ravarra

Paul Forquer Peter Lloyd Raj Ganeriwal

Ramesh Dhingra Ray Davis Raymond Strittmatter

Richard Shiflet Roger Avery Ron Clark

Sergo Sagareli Stephen Norton

Steve Bezner Stuart Kuritzky Tanuj Khandelwal

Theodre Bandy Tim Fink Timothy McBride

Tom Langer Tom O’Hara Tom Young

Tristan Kneschke Vince Paparo Yunxiang Chen

The following persons were on the balloting committee: (To be provided by IEEE editor at time of publication.)

57 of of 22




58 of of 22




Contents

1. Overview.............................................................................................................................................. 2

1.1 Scope.............................................................................................................................................. 2

1.2 Purpose........................................................................................................................................... 2

2. Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms............................................................................................2

2.1 Definitions...................................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms.......................................................................................................... 2

3. Testing Requirements........................................................................................................................... 3

3.1 General………………………………………………………………………………………………3

3.2 Procedures...................................................................................................................................... 3

3.3 Test Equipment ……………………………………………………………………………………….4

3.4 Substation Physical Inspection and Mechanical Operation ………………………………………….. 4

3.5 Electrical Insulation Tests …………………………………………………………………………… 5

3.6 Ground Verification Test …………………………………………………………………………….. 5

3.7 Substation Functional Test ............................................................................................................. 5

3.8 Short Circuit Test ........................................................................................................................... 7

3.9 Train Starting Tests ........................................................................................................................ 8

3.10 Audible Sound Level Test ............................................................................................................ 9

3.11 Infrared Thermographic Inspection/Test ………………………………………………………… 9

Annex A

Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………………………….10

Annex B

B.1 Short Circuit Test

B.2 Train Start Test

B.3 Stray Current Structure - to - Earth Voltage Test ......................................................................12


B.42 Running Rail - to - Earth Resistance Test ………………………………………………………… 12


Standard for dc Traction Power System Field Testing and Acceptance Criteria for System Applications up to 1500 Volts dc Nominal

1. Overview

1.1 Scope

This standard provides field test and acceptance criteria for transportation system applications powered by a dc traction power system up to 1500 volts nominal.

1.2 Purpose

The purpose is to ensure that the installed equipment will function as intended by the plans and specifications, thereby providing reliable service for the anticipated life of the equipment.

2. Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms

2.1 Definitions

2.1.1 General

For purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. IEEE 100, The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition, should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause.

2.1.2 authority – The owner/user as defined by the contracting specificationdocument.

2.1.3 contingency operation – The condition occurring when power normally supplied to a segment under test is restricted due to one or more traction power substations being de-energized and/or one or more dc feeder breakers being open.

2.1.4 safety/security equipment – Certain equipment including intrusion alarm, fire protection, safety interlocks, and annunciation devices.


3. Testing Requirements

3.1 General

This standard provides field test and acceptance criteria for equipment once it is assembled and integrated as a complete traction power substation. Where there are field testing requirements for certain components addressed in other applicable standards, these standards are referenced in the appropriate clauses of this standard. This standard does not attempt to identify or address the detailed testing or sequence of the tests performed on ancillary components associated with a system-wide traction power system in the vicinity of a traction power substation. As a standard it is limited to addressing the traction power substation components and the corresponding criteria which that are required for safety and effective functioning after installation. This standard is intended to provide a set of uniform field test requirements to verify that installed traction power substation equipment satisfies safety and performance criteria when assembled and integrated as a complete traction power substation to serve as a source of dc traction power for the train propulsion system. This standard references contract documents for the technical requirements needed to perform a test. In lieu of an authority incorporating specific technical requirements into the contract documents the authority’s design criteria may be referenced in the contract.

3.2 Procedures

3.2.1 General

This clause describes the criteria and requirements for test planning, performance, recording of data, and reporting of test results.

3.2.2 Test Plan

A test plan shouldshall identify the approach to be used for accomplishing each of the specified tests, and include the projected test schedule, installation verification procedures, test execution and acceptance criteria.

3.2.3 Failure and Retesting

Failure of equipment to meet test specifications or ratings shouldshall be grounds for rejection of equipment. Failed equipment shouldshall be retested in accordance with this standard after renewal or repair work and conforming test(s) witnessed by the authority for acceptance have been successfully completed.

Revised drawings or diagrams shouldshall be prepared if modifications or changes affect any drawings, diagrams, or other documents previously submitted to and accepted by the authority. The requirements for specified tests, performance specifications, drawings and design calculations of the original unit shouldshall be applicable to the new unit.

3.2.4 Test Procedures and/or Reports

Test procedures and/or reports shouldshall include as a minimum:

a. Title of test(s), including equipment model and serial numbers (where applicable).

b. Scheduled location and date of test(s).

c. Equipment to be tested.


d. Objective and scope of test(s).

e. Test set-up, physical and wiring diagrams of test(s).

f. Test equipment to be used, with manufacturer’s name and model number.

g. Abbreviations and references used in the test(s) description.

h. Personnel required for the test(s), including primary and supporting personnel.

i. Estimated duration of test(s).

j. Pass/fail criteria of each test and probable results, including calculations, curves, photographs, and other supporting data.

k. Samples of test(s) data sheets to be used for recording test(s) parameters and results.

l. Step by step instructions for performing the test(s), identifying the points where data are to be recorded and the limits for acceptable data.

m. Instructions for recording data on data sheets or verifying that individual procedural steps have been completed.

n. Ambient condition limitations including temperature, altitude, barometric pressure, air humidity, maximum available short circuit fault current from utility company, noise, and vibration.

o. Signature space(s) provided with printed name/title/company below on test(s) data sheets.

p. C ompany performing instrument calibration and date calibration performed.

In addition to the requirements specified above, test reports shouldshall include accuracy and calibration data of the test equipment used, summary and conclusions, results including calculations, curves, and photographs, descriptions of any failures and/or modifications including reasons for such failures and/or modifications, names of individuals approving such modifications, other supporting data, and signature(s) of test witness(s).

Revisions to the test procedures may be proposed based upon the results of the first items tested. Modified test procedures shouldshall be resubmitted to the authority for acceptance and shouldshall meet the same submittal requirements indicated herein unless waived by the authority.

3.3 Test Equipment

Instruments and devices used quantitatively shouldshall be within current calibration period and current certificates shouldshall be provided to the authority.

3.4 Substation Physical Inspection and Mechanical Operation

A physical inspection and mechanical operation shouldshall be conducted on all substation equipment prior to energizing the rectifier transformer. For this inspection all compartment doors/panels shouldshall be opened and/or removed to allow access to the equipment. During this inspection special instructions to transit operators shouldshallshould assure be given so that adjacent traction power substations do not back-feed dc power on the load side of the dc feeder


breakers. The isolated dc sections shouldshall be properly grounded, and/or the appropriate dc feeder breaker(s) shouldshall be opened, locked and tagged. Likewise ac primary power switch(es) outside the traction power substation shouldshall be opened, locked and tagged to assure the traction power substation is electrically isolateisolated the substation under test from all sources of ac and dc power. The purpose of performing this inspection/operation is to verify insure all equipment is properly secured, bolted connections are tightened within torque specifications, bus bars and/or cables are adequately supported, grounding and testing devices function properly, insulation levels are not compromised, no undesirable material and/or tools have been inadvertently left inside the equipment, protective and safety/security equipment are operational, battery cases are not cracked or leaking, and safety labels are affixed.

3.5 Electrical Insulation Tests

The following electrical insulation tests shouldshall be performed prior to energizing the rectifier transformer, control power circuits, and dc feeder cables to insure verify that no equipment damage occurred during delivery and installation, and the equipment is effectively grounded:

a. Wiring insulation resistance testing when specified by in the authoritycontract.

b. Ac and dc bus dielectric testing when specified in the contract.

c. AcAcC and DC dc Ccircuit breaker dielectric testing.

d. Rectifier transformer dielectric testing.

e. Rectifier unit(s) dielectric testing.

f. Insulated Ffloor dielectric testing.

3.6 Ground Verification Test

3.6.1 General

The following tests shouldshall be performed to verify that the grounding at each substation location meets the contract requirements. A detailed visual inspection of all bond and grounding wires shouldshall be conducted prior to performing the following tests:

a. System grounding test conforming to maximum acceptable grounding resistance.

b. Equipment grounding/bonding test per maximum acceptable resistance value criteria.

3.6.2 Test Description

3.6.2.1. Measure the resistance of the bond wires between metallic enclosures/surge arresters and a substation grounding system using a low resistance ohm-meter. Connect the test point between the enclosure and the station perimeter ground, or ground bus.

3.6.2.2. Measure the resistance between the ground grid and conductors connected to the substation ground bus using a low resistance ohm-meter.

The minimum resolution of the low resistance ohm-meter shouldused should be 1 µΩ.The low resistance ohm-meter shouldshall provide 1 micro-ohm measurement resolution.

3.6.2.3. Measure the resistance of the substation ground grid(s) in accordance with IEEE Std. 81.


3.6.3 Acceptance Criteria

Total resistance of a bond and/or ground connection shouldshall not exceed contract requirements (typically between 5 µΩ and 1 mΩ or the maximum value specified in the contractexcluding conductor resistance) measured between an enclosure and perimeter ground or copper bus (excluding conductor resistance).

The substation grounding system resistance shouldshall not exceed contract requirements (a value oftypically 5 Ω or the maximum value specified by in the authoritycontract).

3.7 Substation Functional Tests

3.7.1 General

The following tests shouldshall be performed to verify proper operation of traction power substation equipment.

3.7.2 Prior to Rectifier Transformer and DC Feeder Cable Energization

These tests shouldshall be performed after the batteries reach full charge and control circuit low-voltage services are energized, but before the traction power rectifier transformer and dc feeder cables are energized. For safety reasons, operation of all of the protective devices and medium voltage switchgear should shall be confirmed before the feeder is energized. Before the feeder is energized is the best and safest time to confirm the operation of all the protective devices and medium voltage switchgear. Relay contacts shouldshall be blocked, jumpers installed, or digital signals generated to simulate an energized traction power rectifier transformer, main dc bus and dc feeders. Equipment shouldshall be isolated and grounded according to applicable safety standards prior to proceeding with functional tests. Timing devices shouldshall be set in this phase. Test procedures shouldshall simulate the operation of each device under test by manipulation, contact jumpering, or digital signal generation. The operation of a relay having multiple inputs shouldshall be confirmed from each and every input device. (i.e.: a lockout relay having multiple inputs from various devices shouldshall be operated from each device to confirm operation of the lockout relay).

Test records shouldshall provide means to document that all functions have been verified for compliance with the control schematics, plans and specifications; and the relays and meters are calibrated. Devices tested shouldshall include as a minimum:

a. Control circuits, annunciator circuits, supervisory circuits, load measuring circuits, emergency trip system (ETS) circuits, transfer trip circuits, and safety/security circuits.

b. Protective relays.

c. Metering equipment.

d. Safety/security equipment including but not limited to smoke alarms, emergency lighting and intrusion devices.

e. Circuit breaker and interlock(s) operation.

f. Station battery system and charger. The battery shouldshall be subjected to a battery load test in accordance with the battery manufacturer’s test procedure once the battery is fully charged. The individual battery cell voltages shouldshall be measured and recorded.


g. Environmental control devices integral to the equipment. This test may be delayed until subclause 3.7.443 if insufficient power prevents testing of these devices at this time.

h. Grounded structure and hot structure protection. Each protected surface shouldshall be tested by actually applying a ground and ac and/or dc voltage to the surface.

i. Remote monitoring and control devices. Each I/O point shouldshall be tested using a diagnostic computer to verify proper operation.

3.7.3 Additional Pre-Requisites Prior to Performing Energized Testing

The following tasks should be performed prior to performing energized testing:

a. Short Circuit and Protective Device Coordination Study - completed by the authority or its designate.

b. Recommended equipment short circuit ratings and protective device settings - implemented.

c. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and equipment labeling - completed and implemented per NFPA-70E and or IEEE STD 1584 and as specified by the authority for specific application.

d. Utility Provisions - reviewed and approved by the utility(s).

e. Transfer trip scheme - tested at adjacent substations.

The following task shall be performed prior to performing energized testing:

f. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and equipment labeling - completed and implemented per NFPA-70E or IEEE STD 1584 and as specified by the authority for specific application.

3.7.4 After Rectifier Transformer and DC Feeder Breaker Energization (No Load)

The following tests shouldshall be performed to verify proper operation of a substation after the rectifier transformer and dc feeder breakers are energized, but before load is applied by closing the dc feeder breakers. Test records shouldshall provide means to document that all control functions have been verified prior to proceeding to energized testing. Devices tested shouldshall include as a minimum:

a. Incoming ac power supply feeder alive device (27/47 or 27/59device). The device shouldshall be tested by removing and restoring the feeder PT fuses.

b. Rectifier unit polarity and voltage.

c. Rectifier transformer tap voltage.

d. Ac incoming power supply voltage circuit breaker (device 52) and rectifier output circuit breaker (device 72) electrical interlocks.

e. Voltage sensing circuits at dc switchgear.


3.7.5 After Substation Energization (Load Test)

In the final stage of traction power substation equipment functional testing the rectifier shouldshall be energized and the dc feeder breakers closed. Proper operation of dc and ac ammeters, dc and ac voltmeters, and dc feeder load measuring shouldshall be confirmed as load is applied as described under clause 3.9. Short circuit current testing and train start testing shouldshall be performed in accordance with clauses 3.8 and 3.9.


All traction power substation equipment shouldshall functionshould functioned as intended and as specified in the contract documentsby the authority.

3.8 Short Circuit Test

3.8.1 General

These optional tests (when specified in the contract documentsby the authority) are shall be performed to verify the correct selective tripping sequence of all protective devices in the event of an applied short circuit, and to optimize adjustment of substation protective devices. Other tests (subclause B.1) may be specified in the contract to verify proper operation of all protective devices at adjacent substations.

3.8.2 Test Description

3.8.2.1 Close In – TPSS External Fault

With all the traction power substation to be tested energized and all other substations connected to the line segment under test de-energizedenergized and the dc feeder breakers of adjacent de-energized substations serving the line energizeds normally connected to the segment under test openenergized, and the electrical overhead contact system or third rail section configured according to contract requirements, apply a switched connection between the positive and negative current collection points just outside the traction power substation where maximum substation fault current magnitude is likely to occur. Obtain digital or analog oscillographic recordings of current and voltage, impulse time, clearing time, and recovery voltage. For safety reasons, remote tripping of dc feeder breakers connected to the line segment under test shall be provided so the breaker can be tripped in the event the protective devices fail to operate properly.

3.8.2.2 Medium Distance – TPSS External Fault

With all traction power substations normally connected to the segment under test energized, and the electrical overhead contact system or third rail section configured according to contract requirements, apply a switched connection between the positive and negative current collection points at the track position located midway between two adjacent substations. Obtain digital or analog oscillographic recordings of current and voltage, impulse time, clearing time, and recovery voltage.

3.8.2.3 Remote Distance – TPSS External Fault

With the traction power substation to be tested energized and all other substations connected to the line segment under test de-energized and the dc feeder breakers of adjacent de-energized substations serving the line segment under test open, and the electrical overhead contact system


or third rail section configured according to contract requirements, With one substation normally connected to the segment under test energized, the electrical overhead contact system or third rail section configured according to contract requirements, and adjacent substations de-energized, apply a switched connection between the positive and negative current collection points at the track position where the minimum fault current magnitude supplied by the traction power substation is likely to occur. Obtain digital or analog oscillographic recordings of current and voltage, impulse time, clearing time, and recovery voltage. For safety reasons, remote tripping of dc feeder breakers connected to the line segment under test shall be provided so the breaker can be tripped in the event the protective devices fail to operate properly.

With all traction power substations normally connected to the segment under test energized,


The ac and dc protective relay settings shouldshall achieveshould achieved the desired relay coordination between protective devices, and shouldshall operateshould operated to trip and lockout the appropriate circuit breakers without any adverse event.

3.9 Train Starting Tests

3.9.1 General

This test shouldThisese tests shouldshall be performed to verify proper operation and coordination of the ac and dc protective devices during normal and contingency operation under the vehicle loading specified in the contract. documents. Other tests (subclause B.2) may be specified in the by the contract to verify proper performance of the vehicles.authority.

3.9.2 Test description

With thetheall traction power substation substations under test energized and all other substations normally connected to the line segment under test de-energized and the dc feeder breakers of adjacent de-energized substations serving the line segment under test open, and the electrical overhead contact system or third rail section configured according to contract requirementsdocuments, simultaneously accelerate the maximum number of fully loaded vehicles as specified in the contract contractby the authority documents for normal operation (loaded weight per specificationcontract) toward away from the energized substation. The vehicles shouldshall operate at maximum specified acceleration to attain the maximum permitted speed for the area under test, and then brake to a full stop using full service brake. A high resolution chart record of dc feeder current and dc bus voltage shouldshall be obtained. Other measurements such as rail to ground voltage (subclause B.3) and vehicle voltage may also be recorded by the authority for the purpose of estimating hazardous contact voltage at the vehicle surface during train starting as well as allowing the authority to estimate the level of stray leakage current for short time intervals. The test shouldshould be repeated with the system configured for contingency operation while operating the maximum number of vehicles as specified by the authority for contingency operation. EachThe test shouldshall be conducted with the vehicles starting at a location midway between just outside the substation, and again at a location furthest frommidway betweenjust outside the energized substation. and the end of the line segmentwhich would produce the lowest vehicle voltage.



Traction power substation equipment shouldshall sustain the train currents produced with no indication that substation protective devices have operated improperly. Voltage at the vehicle should remain within the limits set by the vehicle manufacturer for proper vehicle operation.

3.10 Audible Sound Level Test

3.10.1 General

These tests shouldshall be performed to verify that the sound generated from a traction power substation does not exceed contract requirements with all substations normally connected to the line segment under test energized, and the electrical overhead contact system or third rail section configured according to contract requirements. During this test the maximum number of fully loaded vehicles as specified in the contract requirementsrequirementsby the authority for normal operation shouldshall be in operation.

3.10.2 Test description

Record ambient sound level at the substation location under no-load conditions per the contract specificationdocuments. Simultaneously accelerate the maximum number of fully loaded vehicles permitted within an overhead contact system or third rail section as specified in the contract documents,for normal operation (loaded weight per specification) away from the by the energized substationauthority, at maximum acceleration, to the maximum permitted speed for the area under test. The vehicles shall operate at maximum specified acceleration to attain the maximum permitted speed for the area under test, and then brake to a full stop using full service brake. Record the maximum sound level while the vehicles are accelerating.


The sound level generated by the substation under vehicle accelerationoperation shouldshall not exceed contract specified levels.

3.11 INFRARED THERMOGRAPHIC INSPECTION /TEST (Load)

3.11.1 General

Thermographic inspection shall be performed is recommended to check for manufacturing/installation flaws after energizing and loading the substation equipment for a sufficient time to raise the equipment temperature to operating limits, and before short circuit tests are performed. During this test the maximum number of fully loaded vehicles as specified in the contract requirements for normal operation shouldshall be in operation.


All traction power substation equipment shouldshall functionshould functioned as specified in the contract documentsdocumentsby the authority and with no hot spots are detected by the thermographic inspection.


ANNEX A (Informative)

Bibliography

[A1] IEEE/ANSI C2, NESC, National Electrical Safety Code (NESC)

[A2] IEEE C57.12.90, Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers and Guide for Short-Circuit Testing of Distribution and Power Transformers

[A3] IEEE C57.12.91, Test Code for Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers (Revision of IEEE Std C57.91-1981, IEEE Std C57.92-1981, and IEEE Std C57.115-1991)

[A4] IEEE C57.18.10, Standard Practices and Requirements for Semiconductor Power Rectifier Transformers (Revision and redesignation of ANSI/IEEE C57.18-1964)

[A5] IEEE Std 81, Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials

[A6] IEEE Std 1584, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations

[A7] IEEE 1653.1, IEEE Standard Practices and Requirements for Semiconductor Traction Power Rectifier Transformers

[A8] IEEE 1653.2, Draft Standard for Uncontrolled Traction Power Rectifiers

[A9] IEEE 1653.3, Draft Standard Wiring Practices and Requirements for Traction Power Metal-Enclosed DC Switchgear

[A10] NFPA 70, National Electrical Code

[A11] NFPA 70E, Electrical Safety in the Workplace

[A12] ANSI/IEEE Std. 902, Maintenance, Operation, and Safety of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems, Standard Techniques for High Voltage Testing

[A13] ANSI/IEEE Std. 141, IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Power Distribution for Industrial Plants

[A14] ANSI/IEEE Std. 142, IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems

[A15] IEEE Std. 242, IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Plants

[A16] ANSI/IEEE Std. 1584, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations

[A167] J.E .Bowen, M.W Wactor, G.H Miller and M. Capelli-Schellpfeffer, “Catch the Wave”, IEEE Ind. Appl, Mag.,Vol 10, PP 59-67, Jul-Aug, 2004

[A178] Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices, OSHA 29 CFR 1910 1910.331-335


[A189] Subpart1, Personal Protective Equipment, OSHA 29 CFR 1910,1910.132

[A1920] “Design Aspects of Industrial Distribution Systems to Limit Arc Flash Hazard”, J.C.Das, IEEE Transactions on Ind. Appl, vol.41, No.6, Nov/Dec, 2005

[A21] IEEE Std. 142-1991, IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems


ANNEX B (Informative)

B.1 Short Circuit Test

B.1.1 General

This test may be specified to verify the correct selective tripping sequence of all protective devices in multiple substations service a single line segment in the event of an applied short circuit, and to optimize adjustment of substation protective devices.

B.1.2 Test Description

With all traction power substations normally connected to the segment under test energized, and the electrical overhead contact system or third rail section configured so that adjacent substations are electrically interconnected (jumper placed across air gap separating adjacent substations), apply a switched connection between the positive and negative current collection points at the track position located midway between two adjacent substations. Obtain digital or analog oscillographic recordings of current and voltage, impulse time, clearing time, and recovery voltage. For safety reasons, remote tripping of dc feeder breakers in all energized substations connected to the line segment under test shall be provided so breaker s can be tripped in the event protective devices fail to operate properly.

B.1.3 Acceptance Criteria

The ac and dc protective relay settings of all energized traction power substations connected to the line segment under test shall achieve the desired relay coordination between protective devices, and shall operate to trip and lockout the appropriate circuit breakers without any adverse event.

B.2 Train Starting Test

B.2.1 General

These tests may be specified in the contract to verify proper operation of the substation ac and dc protective devices, and the performance of the vehicles under test.

B.2.2 Test description

With all traction power substations normally connected to the line segment under test energized, and all other substations normally connected to the segment under test de-energized, and the electrical overhead contact system or third rail section configured according to contract documents, simultaneously accelerate the maximum number of fully loaded vehicles as specified in the contract documents for normal operation (loaded weight per specification) toward the substation under test. The vehicles shall operate at maximum specified acceleration to attain the maximum permitted speed for the area under test, and then brake to a full stop using full service brake. A high resolution chart record of dc feeder current, dc bus voltage and vehicle line voltage shall be obtained. Other measurements such as rail to ground voltage may also be recorded by the authority for the purpose of estimating hazardous contact voltage at the vehicle surface during train starting as well as allowing the authority to estimate the level of stray leakage current


for short time intervals. The test shall be conducted with the vehicles starting at a location furthest from the substation under test which would produce the lowest line voltage. The test shall be repeated with the train loading specified in the contract for contingency operation, with one substation energized and all other substations de-energized. The vehicles shall be located at a point furthest from the energized substation which would produce the lowest line voltage. All other parameters of the second test shall be identical to those stated in the first test (normal operation).


Traction power substation equipment shall sustain the train currents produced with no indication that substation protective devices have operated improperly, and the train performance shall be within manufacturer specified limits.

B.3 Stray Current Structure-to-Earth Voltage Test

B.3.1 General

These tests may be specified in the contract to verify that adjacent structures located in a predetermined influence area of the dc traction power system experience structure-to-earth potential variations within predefined limits.

B.3.2 Description

These tests shall be conducted in accordance with IEC 62128-2, Railway Applications – Fixed Installations.


DC traction power system operation shall not cause unacceptable loss of the cathodic protection, or cause overprotection on the structure under test as established by the criteria in NACE RP0169-02 and ANSI/NACE RP0502. The criteria for non-cathodically protected structures has to be individually determined by the authority for each structure within the zone of influence of the negative return system.

B.4 Running Rail - to - Earth Resistance Test

B.4.1 General

These tests may be specified in the contract to verify that the negative return rail (track) to earth resistance is not less than the contract-specified value. These tests shall be conducted after track work completion, which forms the return path for train operating current.

B.4.2 Description

Theses tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM G 165-2005 - Standard Practice for Determining Rail-to-Earth Resistance.



Acceptance shall be based on the evaluation of what is reasonable for the specified construction (100 Ω per 1000 feet of track, 2 rails in parallel, is used by some authorities).

Documents

B.4 Running Rail - to - Earth Resistance Test