AWMA CO2 Sequestration

8/3/2019 AWMA CO2 Sequestration

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PHASE I CO 2

SEQUESTRATION EVALUATION

in the

NINE STATE

MIDWEST REGIONAL CARBON

SEQUESTRATION PARTNERSHIP

AREA



Carbon Capture & Sequestration (CCS)

1. CO2 Separation, Capture & Compression

2. Transport to Injection Site

3. Injection into Deep Geologic Formation4. Measurement, Monitoring & Verification

Page 1



Steps in the CCS Process

Page 2Image copyrighted by Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC)



CO2 Stored as Supercritical Fluid

Page 3

CO2 will be injectedat depths below2500 feet. CO2increases in density

with depth andbecomes asupercritical fluidbelow 2500 feet.Supercritical fluids

diffuse better thaneither gases orliquids.

Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC)



Sequestration Challenges

• Cost – High $$$

• Scale – Large Project Area (acreage control)

• Long Term Liability - Measurement,Monitoring & Verification

• Legal – Who Owns the Pore Space?

Why Do It? Coal as a fuel is a necessary partof any energy strategy.

Page 4



Station Background

• 630 MW CFPP

• Built in 1982

• 4.3 million tons ofCO2 emitted peryear

• Expected to operatefor 30 more years

Page 5



Phase I Objectives

• Identify candidate geologic formations

• Assess CO2 storage potential

• Compare storage potential to plant emissions• Evaluate adequacy of existing

regulatory/legal framework

• Recommend Phase II activities

Page 6



MRCSP Region’s Large Geological Storage

Potential is Well Positioned Relative to Sources

Page 7

Deep saline formations:>100,000 MMTCO2 Depleted oil and gas fields~1,400 MMTCO2

Data from over 40,000wells have been analyzed

Unmineable coal and shale~350 MMTCO2



Waverly Arch Controls Stratigraphy

Page 8

• Precambriansurface altered byWaverly Arch

• Basement rocks areshallow

• Accelerated erosionof sedimentary

strata• Rocks from more

recent periods arenot present



Generalized Stratigraphic Chart

Page 9

Ordovician

Cincinnati Group

Trenton Limestone

Black River Group

Wells Creek Formation

Knox Dolomite

Cambrian

Rose Run Sandstone

Copper Ridge Dolomite

Eau Claire/Conasauga

FormationsMt. Simon Sandstone

Precambrian Grenville Province



CO2 Sequestration in Ohio

Page 10

Rose Run Sandstone is a regionalcandidate zone in Appalachian

Basin

Mount Simon Sandstone/BasalSand - the most prominent

reservoir in most of the Midwest

A number of geologic formations have been evaluated for CO2 storagepotential in the Ohio River Valley region through MRCSP studies



Rose Run Structure

Page 11

Station

#3400012004

#1616103990



Mt. Simon Structure

Page 12

Station

#3400012004

#1616103990



Mt. Simon Thickness

Page 13

Station

#3400012004

#1616103990



Volumetric Storage Equation

Page 14

GCO2 = At hg φtot ρ E

• GCO2 = CO2 storage potential in tons

• At = area = 50,000 to 800,000 acres

• hg = thickness = 50 feet

• φtot = porosity = 8%• ρ = CO2 density = 47 lb/ft3 (supercritical fluid)

• E = storage efficiency = 10%



Mt. Simon Storage Potential

Page 15

Storage FieldRadius

Storage FieldArea

CO2 StoragePotential

5 miles 50,000 acres 20.6 million tons

10 miles 200,000 acres 81.4 million tons

20 miles 800,000 acres 328 million tons



Comparison to Plant Emissions

Page 16

Storage Field

RadiusCO2 Storage

PotentialCO2 Storage

5 miles 20.6 million tons 5.3 years

10 miles 81.4 million tons 20.8 years

20 miles 328 million tons 84.1 years



Sequestration Challenges

• Cost: $50 - $100/ton

– $200 million to $400 million per year for plant

• Scale – 300 to 1,200 square miles

• Long Term Liability and Legal Issues

– Measurement, Monitoring & Verification

– Cap/Seal Integrity -

– Pore Space Rights

Page 17



Seal Integrity

• What is the theoretical pore throat to hold a 1000 m columnof each fluid?

– 19 nm –oil

– 14 nm –

gas – 10 nm –CO2

• CO2 requires better seals than other fluids for a particularcolumn.

• Reservoir simulation and injection challenges are very

manageable.

Page 18



Pore Space Ownership

• No consensus regarding property rights for porespace

• Majority of opinions indicate pore space tied tosurface rights

• Affected landowners will number in the thousands.

• Negotiation or condemnation imposes high costs andlong acquisition times.

• Condemnation laws would have to be amended.Politically sensitive.

Page 19



Long Term Liability

• Insurance not available

• Ohio & Kentucky not accepting

• Federal government suggested – New version of Price-Anderson Act in nuclear

power

• CCS Utility under consideration

– Midwestern Governors Association

– Pennsylvania Carbon Sequestration Network

Page 20



Phase II Recommendations

• Expand geologic evaluation

• Assess alternate sequestration fields

• Obtaining additional information regardingMidwest Governors Association CCSactivities

• Conduct carbon capture technology review

• Obtain legal opinions on pore space

Page 21



Questions??

Pat Pontoriero

MACTEC Engineering and Consulting

800 North Bell Ave.

Pittsburgh, PA 15106

(412) [email protected]

Documents

AWMA CO2 Sequestration