Awfus Amaynu n Tutlayt Tamazight Nouveau-Manuel de Langue Amazigh

I Wasim, Masinisa, Masiba, Dihya d yemma-tsen.

I akk wid âzizen fell-ane$ d wid i$ef nekkni âzizit.

I wid akk yesselmaden d wid ilemmden

tutlayt tamazi$t.

Tazwart

II wwaakkkkeenn aadd nneerrnnuu aassuurriiff nnnniivveenn $$eerr zzddaatt,, aassssaa,, aadd nneesssseennkkeedd aammaahhiill dd aammaayynnuutt.. AAddlliiss--aa,, dd yyiiwweenn wwaallllaall ii dd--nnggaa ggeerr iiffaasssseenn nn yyaall wwiinn yyeebb$$aann aadd yyeessnneerrnnii aasswwiirr--iiss,, ddii ttuuttllaayytt.. DD aanneellmmaadd,, dd aasseellmmaadd nnee$$ dd wwaayyeevv,, nneessssaarraamm kkaann aadd tt--aaffeenn dd ttaaggnniitt ii uussiillqqeeyy nn ttmmuussnniiwwiinn--nnsseenn.. SSii ttaazzwwaarraa,, ttuu$$ nneebb$$aa--tt aadd yyiillii dd uummmmiidd ddaayymmii aarraa ttaaffeevv ddeegg--ss,, aa ggmmaa nnee$$ aa wweellttmmaa,, aaîîaass yyiixxffaawweenn ii iiggeebbrreenn ttiibbuuddaa,, iilluuggaann dd iisseeggzziiyyeenn ss iimmeeddyyaatteenn dd wwaaîîaass ttffeellwwiiyyiinn.. SS wwaayyaa,, nneeâârreevv aadd aass--nneeffkk yyiiwweenn wwuuddeemm aattrraarr ii uummaahhiill ii dd--nneesssseewwjjeedd.. MMaa tteellllaa kkrraa nn ttuuccccvvaa ttaaffeessssaasstt aarraa dd--iibbaanneenn ddeegg--ss,, aadd aa$$--ttiillii kkaann dd ttaammssiirrtt ii uuzzeekkkkaa.. II uussiihhrreeww nn tteeggzzii dd uusseemmrreess,, nneeffkkaa--dd aazzaall nn yyaall aawwaall aammaazzii$$ ss ttuuttllaayytt ttaaffrraannssiisstt.. SSii ttaammaa,, nneessffaallllaatt aakkkkeenn aadd yyeeffkk wwaayyaa,, uuggaarr uuffuudd ii wwaaîîaass nn yyeemmddaanneenn;; ssii ttaammaa nnnniivveenn,, nneebb$$aa aadd yyiillii dd aasseebb$$eess ii wwiiyyeevv,, ii ttuu$$aalliinn $$eerr ttuuttllaayytt--nnsseenn nnee$$ ii uusseekkffeell nn TTmmaazzii$$tt.. NNeeqqqqaarr,, nneekkkknnii ss LLeeqqbbaayyeell ““AAdd tteemmlliill ttaassaa dd wwii aayy ttuurreeww””.. AAssiirreemm--nnnnee$$ dd aakkkkeenn aadd yyaaff wweeddlliiss--nnnnee$$ aammvviiqq--iiss,, aammaa ddeegg uu$$eerrbbaazz,, ddii ttwwaaccuulltt,, ddii ttmmaarriitt nnee$$ ddii yyaall ttaammkkaarrvviitt……

TätÇà@ÑÜÉÑÉá

XÇvÉÜx âÇx yÉ|á? ÑÉâÜ tÄÄxÜ wtätÇàtzx? wx ÄËtätÇà? ÇÉâá ÜxÄxäÉÇá âÇ tâàÜx w°y|? ÑtÜ Ät ÑÜ°áxÇàtà|ÉÇ wx vx ÇÉâäxÄ ÉâäÜtzx Öâx ÇÉâá ÅxààÉÇá xÇàÜx äÉá Åt|ÇáA iÉâá Öâ| äÉâá ÑÜ°ÉvvâÑxé wx äÉàÜx Ç|äxtâ? áâÜ Äx ÑÄtÇ Ä|Çzâ|áà|Öâx? Öâx äÉâá áÉçxé tÑÑÜxÇtÇà? xÇáx|zÇtÇà Éâ á|ÅÑÄxÅxÇà |Çà°Üxáá°á ÑtÜ Ät ÄtÇzâx wxá [ÉÅÅxá Ä|uÜxá? ÇÉàÜx áÉâ{t|à xáà wËxáátçxÜ wx Ü°ÑÉÇwÜx ÅÉwxáàxÅxÇà õ äÉàÜx ÇÉuÄx w°á|ÜA T vxà xyyxà? ÑÉâÜ ÄËtÑÑÜÉyÉÇw|ááxÅxÇà wx äÉá vÉÇÇt|áátÇvxá? vx Ä|äÜx áx äxâà âÇ ÅÉçxÇ |w°tÄA ctÜ áÉâv|á wËâÇ ÄtÜzx ÑÜÉy|à? ÇÉâá täÉÇá ÜxvÉâÜâ õ ÄËâátzx wâ YÜtÇ†t|áA Wxá xåÑÄ|vtà|ÉÇá xà wxá °Öâ|ätÄxÇàá wxá ÅÉàá ÜxÄxätÇà wâ Äxå|Öâx zÜtÅÅtà|vtÄ ç áÉÇà wÉÇÇ°á? wtÇá vxààx ÄtÇzâxA a°tÇÅÉ|Çá? wxá xyyÉÜàá áÉÇà Ç°vxáát|Üxá? wx äÉàÜx ÑtÜà? ÑÉâÜ ÑtÄ|xÜ tâå °äxÇàâxÄÄxá w|yy|vâÄà°á? ÑÉâÜ âÇx ÑtÜyt|àx táá|Å|Ätà|ÉÇ wxá Ç°ÉÄÉz|áÅxá t|Çá| Öâx wxá àxÜÅxá Öâ| äÉâá ÑtÜtßàÜt|xÇà ÇÉâäxtâåA _xâÜá ÑÜÉv°w°á wx yÉÜÅtà|ÉÇ áÉÇà utá°á áâÜ wxá Ütv|Çxá xà wxá Ü¢zÄxá àçÑ|ÖâxÅxÇà tÅté|z{xáA

Présentation :

Cet ouvrage se veut un manuel général et pratique de langue amazighe. On y trouve des définitions et des règles soutenues par des exemples clairs et diversifiés ainsi que des tableaux explicatifs pour une meilleure assimilation de l’usager. Le mot y est présenté dans ses différentes classes et formes. Les types de phrases, les énoncés et les propositions y sont étudiés. Avec ce travail, la morphologie et la syntaxe de la langue du regretté Mouloud Mammeri ne sera un secret pour personne. Il renferme les différentes méthodes d’analyses : grammaticale, logique et littéraire. Cette étude de Tamazi$t est faite en Tamazi$t, avec une terminologie en Français pour un meilleur profit. Elle comporte onze (11) parties :

Le nom et l’adjectif qualificatif. Le verbe et sa conjugaison. La dérivation. Les pronoms. Les prépositions, les conjonctions et les adverbes. Les nombres et leurs dérivés. La ponctuation.

Les fonctions nominales. Les temps verbaux La phrase et la proposition. L’analyse.

Etant enseignant de Tamazi$t, l’auteur compte investir son expérience acquise sur le terrain pour éventuellement tenter de répondre aux besoins et exigences du domaine. Pour donner un élan à notre langue ancestrale, des études de ce genre son indispensables. Nous voulons la propulser dans le concert des langues vivantes modernes et personne ne le fera à notre place. Un espace géographique vaste et très important existe : TAMAZGHA. Des communautés amazighes très importantes vivent en Europe et en Amérique, avec parfois un statut des plus respectables. Ne pourront-elles pas contribuer à la réalisation du rêve de millions d’Hommes Libres ? Et ne pourra-t-on pas profiter des moyens modernes de la technologie, comme l’informatique et l’Internet ? Le proverbe ne dit-il pas qu’ « Il n’y a pas meilleur messager que soi ».

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt ISEM D YEGLEM

1133

IIXXEEFF II : ISEM D YEGLEM LE NOM ET L’ADJECTIF QUALIFICATIF ISEM LE NOM Isem d awal ameskil yemmalen amdan, a$ersiw ne$ ta$awsa. Isem n t$awsa yezmer ad yili d akmam ne$ d amadwan. Isem akmam d win yerzan ayen iwumi nettêulfu: i néerr, i nettaîîaf, i izemren ad yers $ef tfekka-nne$ (avu). Si ama nniven, isem amadwan d ayen i d-izerrin deg walla$, ur nezmir ad t-néer ne$ ad t-neîîef… Imedyaten

Amdan A$ersiw Ta$awsa AKMAM AMADWAN

Taqcict Uccen Adlis Tilelli Yuba Aruy Tagut Tameddit

Kahina Izinzer Akal Axemmem Isem amatu:

Le nom commun

Isem amatu d isem i izemren ad imel aîas t$awsiwin ne$ tgemsin i yettemcabin. Md:: agellid, acennay, taselmadt (d tigemsin). Adrar, taftist, adfel ( d ti$awsiwin). Isem uzzig:

Le nom propre Isem uzzig d isem yerzan yiwet tegmest, yiwet t$awsa ne$ aîas; ma sεant yiwet tmagit i ur nettbeddil ara. Md : Masensen, Iflisen, Baya (d ismawen uzzigen mmalen tigemsin).


1144

Aheggar,Tici, Mizrana (d ismawen uzzigen mmalen ti$awsiwin).

Tamawt: Ismawen uzzigen ttarun akk s usekkil ameqqran, di tazwara.

Ismawen uddisen:

Les noms composés Llan yismawen uddisen yedduklen, d yiwen wawal (amagraman),

wiyev qqimen deg-sen iferdisen akken llan (tislit n waman). Gar-asen, ad naf ismawen uddisen i yettwassnen di tutlayt n yalass.

Md:: Ibiw n yilef d im$i. Aksum n wuglan d ta$awsa. Tinejdemt n lêiv d a$ersiw. Si tama nniven, llan yismawen i d-yekkan si tutlayt talatinit d

yismawen ussnanen imaynuten. Md: :Adikaliter mraw ilitren. Akilumiter agim imitren. Tasnakta tussna + tikti. Tasnilsit tussna + iles (tutlayt). Tuddsa s bu:

Bu teεrurt (amalay) : M teεrurt (unti). Burekku (bu + rekku); tabuzewwa$t ( bu + azewwa$ di taggara n wunti). Tuddsa s Ayt, At (iderman):

At εebbas, Ayt Yeêya Musa, At Zmenzer…


1155

Ismawen n Trakalt:

Les noms de géographie Ismawen n trakalt d ismawen uzzigen yerzan timura, tuddar, timdinin, idurar, isaffen… Md:Tizi Wezzu, Tizi £ennif, Tawrirt n Musa, I$il (n) Σli… Tafelwit n yismawen uddisen:

Tableau de noms composes

Iferdisen n tuddsa

Im$an Ti$awsiwin I$ersiwen

Isem + isem Iles ufunas Ibiw n yilef Ameééu$ n yilef Tu$mest n tem$art Aberquq n ta$avt Abelluv urumi Taduvt n wulli Tivt n tejqa Asennan n we$yul Aêrir n yigran Fudel$em

Aman n tasa A$yul n lexla Tinejdemt n lêiv

Isem + iglem

Ajanjal aberrani A$anim aεrab

Amergu amezda$ Aqelqul azegzaw Amcic aqerεun

Amyag + isem

Amagraman èidelmum

Amager isaffen Cuff mejjir


1166

Ismawen n timmarewt:

Les noms de parenté

Ismawen n timmarewt rzan imeslaven n twacult ne$ imdanen yettemyilin. Aîas yismawen n timmarewt ur sεin ara ti$ri tamezwarut: Baba, yemma, gma, weltma, dadda, nanna. Ismawen εemmi, εemmti, xali, xalti, jeddi, jida; kkan-d si tutlayt

taεrabt. Tafelwit n yismawen n timmarewt:

Tableau des noms de parenté

A M A L A Y U N T I A s u f a s g e t a s u f A s g e t

jeddi ijedditen jida, setti tijidatin, tisettitin baba ibabaten yemma tiyemmatin

gma ayetma, atmaten, ayetmaten

weltma yessetma, tiyessetmatin

dada idaddaten nanna tinannatin

mmi, memmi

arraw yelli yessi

mmi-s n gma

arraw n gma yelli-s n gma yessi-s n gma

ayyaw ayyawen tayyawt Tayyawin mmi-s n weltma

arraw n weltma yelli-s n weltma yessi-s n weltma

mmi-s n mmi

arraw n mmi yelli-s n mmi yessi-s n mmi

mmi-s n yelli

arraw n yelli yelli-s n yelli yessi-s n yelli

εemmi εmumi εemmti Εmumati

xali xwali xalti Xwalati


1177

mmi-s n εemmi

arraw n εemmi yelli-s n εemmi yessi-s n εemmi

mmi-s n xali

arraw n xali yelli-s n xali yessi-s n xali

argaz n εemmti

irgazen n εmumati

tameîîut n εemmi tilawin n εmumi

argaz n xalti

irgazen n xwalati tameîîut n xali tilawin n xwali

argaz n yemma

? tameîîut n baba tilawin n baba

am$ar im$aren tam$art tim$arin argaz irgazen tameîîut tilawin

alwes ilewsan talwest tilewsatin aslif islifen taslift tislifin arbib irbiben tarbibt tirbibin

mmi-s n welwes

arraw n welwes yelli-s n welwes yessi-s n welwes

mmi-s n telwest

arraw n telwest yelli-s n telwest yessi-s n telwest

takna takniwin

mmi-s n takna

arraw n takna yelli-s n takna yessi-s n takna

avewwal ivewlan tavewwalt tivewlatin

TAL£IWIN N YISEM:

Les formes du nom S umata, isem $ur-s snat tewsatin, sin yemvanen d sin waddaden: Snat tewsatin: Deux genres -Amalay::Aqcic, awtul, axxam. -Unti: Taqcict, tawtult, taxxamt.


1188

Sin yemvanen: Deux nombres -Asuf: Anelmad, tamurt, afus. -Asget: Inelmaden, timura, ifassen. Sin waddaden: Deux états -Addad ilelli: Anelmad yura. -Addad amaruz: Yura unelmad.

1. Tawsit: Le genre

Amalay izewwir s te$ri: iles, udem, amger; maca llant tsuraf anida izewwir s tergalt: dadda, bururu. Llan kra yismawen sεan kan yiwet tewsit:

a- d amalay kan : imi, adlis. b- d unti kan: tawla, tunt.

Asile$ n wunti: Formation du féminin S umata, yettili usile$ n wunti, s “t” di tazwara d taggara “t-----t”, md: ilef / tileft. Si tama nniven llant tal$iwin tiyev i usile$ n wunti:

• t di tazwara, wt di taggara, md: ameksa / tameksawt. • t di tazwara, yt di taggara, md: a$erda / ta$erdayt. • t di tazwara, ct di taggara, md: avad / tavadect. • t di tazwara, ti$ri a di taggara, md: agaref / tagarfa. • t di tazwara, ti$ri i di taggara, md: asusem / tasusmi.


1199

Tamawt: Di kra yismawen, unti izewwir s usekkil nniven: ulli (yezwar s te$ri u), lmut ( yezwar s tergalt nniven).

Inumak n wunti: Les sens du féminin Unti yessenfalay asiméey (aseméi), tawtemt ne$ tayant.

a- Asiméey (aseméi): Aqejjir / taqejjirt, aqemmuc / taqemmuct. b- Tawtemt: Aselway / taselwayt, aydi / taydit, itbir / titbirt. c- Tayant (yiwet seg waîas): Ifires / tifirest, azemmur / tazemmurt.

Tamawt: Llan yismawen ideg mgaraden wunti d umalay, deg uéar. Imedyaten: azger → tafunast (zgr ≠ fns) iêiqel → tasekkurt (êql ≠ skr)

2. -Amvan: Le nombre

a-asuf: deg-s yiwen wemdan, u$ersiw ne$ yiwet t$awsa. b-asget::deg-s aîas (ugar n yiwen) yemdanen, i$ersiwen ne$ t$awsiwin.

A s u f A s g e t A m d a n Argaz Irgazen A $ e r s i w Awtul Iwtal T a $ a w s a Adrar Idurar


2200

Tamawt: Llan yismawen i yesεan kan yiwen wemvan: a - d asuf kan: temlel, talwit. b - d asget kan: aman, imetman, tuccanin (im$i).

Asile$ n wesget: Formation du pluriel Xas yettili ubeddel n te$ri tamezwarut, annect-a ur igeddez ara i usile$ n wesget. Asile$ n wesget yettili: 1- S tehrayt:

Ilef / ilfan, tileft / tilfatin.

2- S temlellit:: Amcic / imcac, tamcict / timcac.

3- S temlellit d tehrayt:: Izimer / izamaren, tizimert / tizamarin.

4- D amaélay:(yeffe$ $ef ulugen)gen): Ass / ussan, timmi / tammiwin.

Tamawt: Ismawen ijenîaven i d-yusan si tutlayt taεrabt yeqqimen di tal$a-nsen tamezwarut, tt$iman di tal$a-nsen n wesget taqburt ne$ ttbeddilen am wacemma: lhemm → lehmum ddwa → ddwawi loar → loiran lbir → lebyur


2211

Ti$ri tamezwarut: La voyelle initiale Ti$ri tamezwarut, ger wasuf d wesget, tettili akka: Ti$ri ta1ut

Tahrayt Tamlellit Tamlellit d tehrayt

Amaélay

a→i axxam/ixxamen afrux/ifrax abrid/iberdan

i→i iger/igran tiddest/tiddas ibiw/ibawen

a→a addad/addaden tarda/tardiwin

a→u ass/ussan

i→a iccer/accaren

i→u iv/uvan

Tal$iwin tigejdanin n wesget: Formes principales du pluriel Tal$iwin usile$ n wesget ggtent, llant 04 tal$iwin tigejdanin qqnent-d $ur-sent aîas n tiyev:


2222

Asget s tehrayt: Pluriel avec désinence Amalay Unti an atin en in awen awin iwen iwin wen win ten tin yen yin ø n n,en+tussda

Imedyaten alwes / ilewsan, talwest / tilewsatin ilef / ilfan, tileft / tilfatin ugel / uglan, tulmut / tulmatin aselmad/iselmaden, taselmadt/tiselmadin igellil / igellilen, tigellilt / tigellilin uday / udayen, tudayt / tudayin ilem / ilmawen, tilemt / tilmawin udem / udmawen afer / afriwen, ti$irdemt / ti$iredmiwin ameksa/imeksawen, tamusni/timusniwin ifiri / ifiriwen, tidi / tidiwin igi / igiten adda / addaten acenwi / icenwiyen, tacenwit / ticenwiyin unti / untiyen, tuntit / tuntiyin azara / izaran avar / ivarren


2233

Asget s temlellit: Pluriel avec alternance Tamlellit Amedya a / i-a tamart / timira a / iwa tala / tiliwa e / u-a tagest / tigusa i / a(y) targit / tirga i / (y)a tasirt / tisyar i / (w)a tiégi / tiéegwa ø---a taluft / tilufa ø---w targa / tiregwa a-a / u-a asalas / isulas a-e / i-a asakwen / isikwan a-e / u-a amayeg / imuyag a-i / i-a tamazirt / timizar a-i / u-a(y) tacacit / ticucay a-u / u-a asaru / isura i-e / i-(w)a idikel / idikwal i-e / u-a igider / igudar i-a / u-a azital / izutal u-e / u-a asumer / isumar


2244

ø-a / u-a adrar / idurar Tussda / w tasevva / tisevwa Asget s temlellit d tehrayt: Pluriel avec alternance et désinence Tamlellit a / iwin a / win a / u-an a / en, in i / an, atin i /a-en i / awen, awin i / an, atin i / aS-en, a-tin u / an, atin u / awen u / an, atin u / in u / aS-en i-e/ a-a-en,a-a-in Sa / -San Si / -Swan Su /-Sen, - Sin S / -Swan

Amedya tabarda / tibardiwin tamilla / timillwin aéar / iéuran aεekkaz / iεekkzen, taεekkazt / tiεekkzin isli / islan, tislit / tislatin ibiw / ibawen inebgi / inebgawen, tinebgit / tinebgawin azniq / izenqan, tazniqt / tizenqatin i$il / i$allen, ti$ilt / ti$altin aêulfu / iêulfan, tulmut / tulmatin usu / usawen amzur / imezran, tamzurt / timezratin ta$rudt / ti$erdin afus / ifassen izimer / izamaren, tizimert / tizamarin avewwal / ivewlan, tavewwalt / tivewlatin igenni / igenwan awevvuf / iwevfen, tawevvuft / tiwevfin aéekka / iéekwan

Tamawt: S d asekkil ussid.


2255

-S d tukksa n tussda. 3- Addad: L’état

Addaden d tal$iwin i yezmer ad yesεu yisem ne$ awal nniven ilmend n wadeg-is (n wemkan-is), di tefyirt d wawalen i t-isuman.

a. Addad ilelli: L’état libre

Addad ilelli d tal$a tamagnut n yisem ideg ur yuriz ara $er kra n wawal nniven s ususru. Md : Tagrest tekfa.

b. Addad amaruz: L’état lié (annexion) Addad amaruz d tal$a n yisem yurzen s ususru $er wawal i yevfer. S umata, yettili ubeddel di te$ri tamezwarut, maca, tikwal, ur d-yettili ara ubeddel.

Addad ilelli Addad amaruz Tagrest tekfa. Tekfa tegrest Ass yuli. Yuli wass. Tafsut ad d-tas. Ad d-tas tefsut.

Ti$ri tamezwarut: La voyelle initiale Yettili-d wemgired ger sin waddaden, akka:

Tal$a Amalay Tal$a Unti a wa

we u

asif / wasif abrid / webrid afus / ufus

ta ta te t

taga / taga tamsirt / temsirt tamurt / tmurt

i yi ye i

iles / yiles iqcer / yeqcer igenni / igenni

ti ti te t

tileft / tileft tiqcert / teqcert tilelli / tlelli


2266

Tamawt: -Amalay ibeddun s “u”, yettu$al « wu », di tazwara-s, deg waddad amaruz. -Unti ibeddun s “tu” ne$ s “te”, ur yettbeddil ara deg waddad amaruz.

Ismawen irmeskilen n waddad: Noms à état invariable Tuget n yismawen irmeskilen n waddad d ijenîaven, kkan-d si tutlayin nniven, ur ttumaz$en ara. Aîas gar-asen zewwiren s te$ri maca ur llin ara d imalayen. Daymi ur zmiren ara ad beddlen. Neqqar-asen: Ismawen irmeskilen n waddad. Imedyaten: a / a: Albanya / Albanya, Amestirdam / Amestirdam. i / i: Iran / Iran, Izmir / Izmir. u / u: Usetralya / Usetralya, Urugway / Urugway. “Targalt”: Maser / Maser, Kanada / Kanada. Melmi yettili waddad amaruz? Cas d’existence de l’état d’annexion Yettili wawal deg waddad amaruz mi ara yesεu yiwet si twuriwin-a:

1. Asemmad arusrid------- Tura tabrat i tselmadt. 2. Asemmad anez$an:

• n wadeg----------- Yegzem webrid, di Delles. • n wakud----------- Ixeddem Yuba, deg yiv. • n t$ara------------- Zegren abrid, s tazzla. • n yeswi------------ U$en-d azger i tmecrevt.

u tu ulmu / wulmu tu tu tulmut / tulmut

te te temlel / temlel


2277

• n tmentilt---------- Yekkaw si fad.

3. Asemmad asegzay amaruz: • umeggay------------ Ugment tullas aman. • n wubdir------------- Yegzem webrid di Delles. • n wuddid n wemyag usrid--- Tura-tt, tebrat-nni. • n wuddid n wemyag arusrid- Yefka-as uselmad adlis,

unelmad. • n wuddid n tenze$t- Tga deg-s aman, tecmuxt. • n yisem-------------- D Masil, umenzu. • n yeglem------------ D tiberkanin, wallen-is. • n wemqim---------- D wa, unemhal. • n wuddid n wesnekdan- Ha-t, webrid. • n wuddid usestan-- Anida-tt, tsarut?

4. Asemmad agucclan: • n yisem--------------- Neswa aman n tala. • umernu--------------- Ufgen aîas izivav. • n yeglem------------- Qasi d unciw uqerru. • n wemqim----------- D wid n tala i neswa. • n wemvan------------ D iger n sin watmaten.

Tamawt: Tinza$ ar, war (bla), s (n tnila) d s$ur , sselkament addad ilelli.

Melmi yettili waddad ilelli? Cas d’existence de l’état libre Yettili wawal deg waddad ilelli ma ur yelli waruz deg ususru gar-as d wawal nniven i t-yezwaren. Tiwuriwin n waddad ilelli d ti:


2288

1- Asemmad usrid:----------- Yeswa wemcic aman. 2- Asemmad war tanze$t:

• n wadeg---------------- Qqim, dinna. • n wakud---------------- Ad d-asen, tameddit. • n t$ara------------------ La yettugir, timendeffirt. • n tesmekta------------- Tewzen tfeqqust-a akilugram. • uzegzi------------------ Ixeddem axeddim igerrzen.

3- Asemmad asegzay ilelli: • umeggay--------------- Tullas ugment aman. • n wubdir--------------- Amakar yettwaîîef. • n wuddid n wemyag usrid-- Tabrat-nni, tura-tt. • n wuddid n wemyag arusrid- Anelmad, yefka-as uselmad adlis. • n wuddid n tenze$t---- Tacmuxt, tga deg-s aman. • n yisem----------------- Amenzu d Masil. • n yeglem--------------- Allen-is d tiberkanin. • n wemqim------------- Anemhal d wa. • n wuddid n wesnekdan- Abrid ha-t. • n wuddid usestan----- Tasarut anida-tt?

4- Asemmad ilelli usiwel:---- Aksil, gma, yeqqar di

Bumerdas. ---- Kker, Linda, ad teççev imensi. 5- Isemmaden inez$anen i sselkament tenza$ ar, war, s (n

tnila): -- Azzel ar aseklu-inna.


2299

-- As-d s axxam. -- Itett war tiflewt.

I G L E M (ARBIB): L’adjectif qualificatif Iglem d awal ameskil i yemmalen ta$ara n yisem ne$ amek iga. Iglem yevvafar uglim deg wemvan d tewsit, md: Am$ar afermac. Im$aren ifermacen. Tim$arin tifermacin. uglim iglem uglim iglem uglim iglem asuf amalay asuf amalay asget amalay asget amalay asget unti asget unti TAL£IWIN N YEGLEM: Formes de l’adj. qualificatif Iglem am yisem, yezmer ad yesεu snat tewsatin, sin yemvanen d sin waddaden:

a) -Snat tewsatin -Amalay: Amcic amellal. -Unti: Tamcict tamellalt.

b) -Sin yemvanen: -Asuf: Amcic amellal. -Asget::Imcac imellalen.

c) -Sin waddaden: -Addad ilelli: Aqerru aberkan. -Addad amaruz: Aqerru uberkan.

Unti n yeglem: Le féminin de l’adj. qualificatif Unti n yeglem yettili s tmerna n ”t” n wunti di tazwara d taggara: amellal / tamellalt, uzyin / tuzyint, imseggem / timseggemt.


3300

Asget n yeglem: Le pluriel de l’adj. qualificatif Yettili usile$ n wesget n yeglem s tehrayt ne$ s temlellit .

Imedyaten: a-S tehrayt:

Afessas / ifessasen, tafessast / tifessasin. b-S temlellit:

Aneggaru / ineggura, taneggarut / tineggura.

Addad amaruz n yeglem: L’état d’annexion de l’adj. qualificatif S umata, yettili waddad amaruz n yeglem am waddad amaruz deg yisem:

Tal$a Amalay Tal$a Unti a→we aqbur / weqbur ta→te taqburt / teqburt a→u amezwaru/umezwaru ta→t tamezwarut/tmezwarut i→ye iqburen / yeqburen ti→te tiqburin / teqburin i→i imezwura / imezwura ti→t timezwura / tmezwura u→wu ubrin / wubrin : tu→tu tubrint / tubrint

Tamu$li $ef waddaden: A propos des états Ma nessiked $er tal$iwin n wawalen ad tent-naf skant (bnant) akk

$ef ilugan (d amyag, d isem…). Deg wayen yerzan tal$iwin n yisem, nettaf d akken d isekkilen i isuman ti$ri tamezwarut, deg waddad ilelli, i yemmalen amek ara tili tal$a n waddad amaruz. Ma ad yili ubeddel ne$ ala, si tama, ma yella ubeddel amek ara d-yili, si tama nniven. èer tafelwit-a yerzan tal$iwin n sin waddaden:


3311

Ti$ri tamezwarut

Tirgalin ivefren ti$ri tamezwarut

Tisawalin Imedyaten

a → u yiwet 3 ne$ ugar a$erbaz→u$erbaz a→we snat snat ne$ ugar Adrar→wedrar a→wa yiwet 2 ne$ ugar addal→waddal i→i yiwet 3 ne$ ugar inelmaden→inelmaden

i→ ye snat snat ne$ ugar Iwtal→yewtal i →yi yiwet

yiwet ne$ ugar

iles→yiles

targalt tussidt

Iccer→yiccer

u→wu Udem→wudem

D tidet, llant kra tal$iwin n waddad amaruz deg-sent tisuraf.

Annect-a yesra anadi i tukksa n wuguren: Yessefk ad mmuggen wumu$en n tsuraf akk i yellan i yal tal$a. Imusnawen ara d-yessuff$en imawalen, deg yimal, ilaq-asen ad fken azal i waya. Amawal Taqbaylit-Tafransist n J.M Dallet d amedya igerrzen. Tussna yessefk-as ad taf amkan-is i wesnefli d usetrer n tutlayt-nne$, maca ur ilaq ara ad nbeddel udem i tmeslayt n yal ass i ssnen yemdanen, i ttmeslayen. D ayen ibanen, maçi d asnulfu ara d-nesnulfu tutlayt, imi tella $er wegdud. S waya aql-a$ ur neddi ara deg yiwen webrid d kra n watmaten-

nne$ i d-igan kra isumar anida ttwakksent snat tal$iwin s wazal-nsent ideg i d-tkeccem te$ri “e” deg waddad amaruz d tayev ideg ur tettbeddil ara te$ri “i” [a→we, i→ye, i→i]. Segmi neb$a ad neêrez tutlayt-nne$, tamezwarut n tmezwura, ilaq

ad nezwir seg weêraz n tgejda i$ef tbedd seg wacêal igiman iseggasen aya. Gar-asent:


3322

• Tamsertit d waddad amaruz. • Amside$ ger tal$iwin umalay d wunti, di sin waddaden, ilelli d umaruz. • Amside$ ger tal$iwin n yisem d tid n wemyag: isekkilen n tazwara n yisem yellan deg waddad amaruz am imataren udmawanen n tazwara deg wemyag yeftin.

èer imedyaten di tfelwit-a tasrewsant:

AMALAY UNTI isekkilen n tazwara

isem amaruz

amyag yeftin

isekkilen n tazwara

isem amaruz

amyag yeftin

ye ye$zer yegzem te te$zert tegzem yi yiger ad yili ti tidet ad tili i imensi ibedd t tnelmadt tbedd -a wasif ad yaf ta tamurt ad taf -u wudem yu$al tu tussna tu$al

Alugen: Mi ara neb$u ad naru isem (ne$ awal nniven) deg waddad-is amaruz, ad t-nerr d asemmad anez$an s “$er”:

Aselway → $er uselway Adrar → $er wedrar Asif → $er wasif Igenni → $er igenni Itran → $er yetran Iîij → $er yiîij Uffal → $er wuffal Tame$ra → $er tme$ra Tamdint → $er temdint Tala → $er tala Tizi → $er tizi


3333

Tirget → $er terget IIXXEEFF IIII: AMYAG: LE VERBE Amyag d awal ameskil ifettin. Nettaf deg-s sin yeêricen:

1-Afeggag: yegber aéar (tirgalin) + ti$ra:

-Aéar yemmal anamek. -Ti$ra mmalent timeéri.

2- Imataren: -Yella umatar udmawan (azwir, adfir): yemmal udem wi$er yefti wemyag. -Imataren nniven: mmalen timeéri tussidt (amatar n wussid “tt”, tussda n tergalt).

Tamawt: -Deg yemyagen isuddimen rennun-d imataren nniven: n weswa$ (s…), n wettwa$ (ttwa, ttu…), n wemya$ (my…). Imedyaten: (Ad) yaru: y : d amatar udmawan. aru: d afeggag (“r” d aéar), (”a-u” d ti$ra mmalent urmir). Nettemyaru: ne: d amatar udmawan. tte: d amatar n wussid (amyag yefti $er wurmir ussid). my: d amatar n wemya$. aru: d amyag.

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt AMYAG

3344

Tal$a taêerfit: La forme simple (l’infinitif) Tal$a taêerfit d tal$a n wemyag send ad yefti. D nettat i d tameéyant di tal$iwin n wemyag (ulac deg-s imataren), md: aru, del, kcem, muqel, ini, sel… Imyagen iluganen d yerluganen: Les verbes réguliers et irréguliers Amyag alugan: Le verbe régulier Amyag alugan d amyag ideg tal$a n wurmir temgarad $ef tin n yezri: md: amyag kcem---urmir:: (ad)yekcem, (ad) kecmen izri : yekcem, kecmen Amyag arlugan: Le verbe irrégulier Amyag arlugan d amyag ideg tal$a n wurmir temgarad $ef tin n yezri: md: amyag kcem---urmir: (ad) yazzel, (ad) azzlen izri : yuzzel, uzzlen Imyagen n t$ara: Les verbes de qualité Amyag n t$ara d amyag arlugan i yemmalen ta$ara n wubdir ne$ addad-is (amek iga). Md: Amyag imlul / Mellul wedfel = D amellal wedfel. Amyag iwzil / Wezzil wass. = D awezzlan wass.


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Tamawt: Akk imyagen n t$ara nezmer ad d-nessuddem seg-sen igelman: Ihriw ahrawan, tahrawant, ihrawanen, tihrawanin. Uzur azuran, tazurant, izuranen, tizuranin Ifsus afessas, tafessast, ifessasen, tifessasin. Zegzew azegzaw, tazegzawt, izegzawen, tizegzawin.

Imyagen isenvanen d yersenvanen : Les verbes transitifs et intransitifs Amyag asenvan: Le verbe transitif Amyag asenvan d amyag i yettawin (i yesεan) asemmad usrid:: md: Amyag sew → Teswa teqcict aman. Amyag ddem → Yeddem wergaz agelzim. Amyag arsenvan: Le verbe intransitif Amyag arsenvan d amyag ur nettawi ara (ur nesεi ara) asemmad usrid: Md: Amyag rwel----Awtul yerwel. Amyag azzel---Aydi yettazzal.

Tamawt: Llan yemyagen i izemren ad ilin si tama, d isenvanen, si tama nniven, d irsenvanen: Md: Yegzem webrid→ Amyag gzem d arsenvan (Amatar udmawan “ye” d ubdir).


3366

Yegzem wedfel abrid→ Amyag gzem d asenvan (Amatar udmawan “ye” d ameggay).

Timeéra d tal$iwin: Llant smuset tmeéra:

o Izri: Izri yemmal ayen yezrin ifukk , md: yeffe$, temmut, ne$ra. o Urmir: Urmir yemmal tigawt taêerfit, md: ad yeffe$, ad temmet, ad n$er. o Urmir ussid: Urmir ussid yemmal tigawt yettalsen ne$ tanumi, md: iteffe$, la tettmettat, neqqar. o Anav: Anav yemmal asendeh (tasunva) $ef tigawt taêerfit, md: ff$et, ddu, $remt. o Anav ussid: Anav ussid yemmal asendeh $ef tigawt yettalsen ne$ tanumi, md: teff$et, teddu, qqaremt.

Tafelwit n tmeéra: Tableau des aspects Ha-tt-a tfelwit n tmeéra s imedyaten :

Timeéra Ilaw ibaw Ama$un ilaw ibaw

Izri tlemvev ur telmidev ara

ilemden ur nelmid ara

Urmir ad tlemvev ara ilemden

Urmir ussid

tlemmvev ur tlemmdev ara

ilemmden ur nlemmed ara


3377

Ama$un: Tella yiwet tal$a ur nfetti ara neqqar-as ama$un. Ama$un maççi d timeéri xas akken tebva $ef 3 yeêricen ilmend unamek : Ama$un n yezri: yeff$en, yeddan, ye$ran. Ama$un n wurmir: ara yeff$en, ara yeddun, ara ye$ren. Ama$un n wurmir ussid : iteff$en, iteddun, yeqqaren. Tasemlilt: Synthèse -Urmir d wanav ur sεin ara tal$a tibawt. -Anav d wanav ussid ur sεin ara ama$un. -Yal ama$un yevvafar timeéri-s. Amatar uma$un: L’affixe du participe Amatar uma$un ilaw n yemyagen imugna deg-s sin yeêricen: y(i) di

tazwara, n di taggara. Amatar uma$un ibaw deg-s kan n di tazwara. a. ilaw: i(y)-------------n md: ilulen, yuran →Tal$a n wudem 3.sf + n. b. ibaw: ur n------------- md: ur nlul, ur nuri→Tal$a n wudem 1.gt.

Amatar uma$un n yemyagen n t$ara, deg yezri d n di taggara n

tal$a-s tilawt d tazwara n tal$a-s tibawt: a. ilaw: -------------n

Anav lmed

Anav ussid

lemmed ur lemmed ara


3388

md: mellulen → tal$a n wudem 3.sf.m + en. b. ibaw: ur n ---------- md: ur nmellul → n + tal$a n wudem 1.gt.

Taggayin n yemyagen: Les groupes des verbes Nezmer ad nebvu imyagen ilmend n tal$a n wussid-nsen (anav ussid d wurmir ussid). S wakka ad naf smuset taggayin i yerzan ama imyagen iluganen ama irluganen. èer tafelwit-a:

TAGGAYIN

I M E D Y A T E N IMYAGEN

ILUGANEN IMYAGEN

IRLUGANEN Taggayt ta 1 ut

-s tussda n tergalt sni / senni rnu / rennu

Taggayt ta 2 ant -s tmerna umatar n wussid

if / ttif all / ttall

Taggayt ta 3 ant -s temlellit

ssekcem/ssekcam sserwu/sserway

Taggayt ta 4 ant -s temlellit d tussda n tergalt

gen / ggan mel / mmal

Taggayt ta 5 ant -s temlellit d tmerna umatar n wussid

susem / ttsusum seggem/ttseggim

Tasureft:

-Tasureft tettili s tussda n tergalt d tmerna umatar n wussid eg/tegg. Tasureft deg-s kan yiwen wemyag (eg), ur yessefk ara ad d-nini d taggayt s timmad-is.


3399

UDMAWEN: LES PERSONNES Llan krav (3) wudmawen, yal wa ila amqim-is udmawan:

1. Win yettmeslayen : Nekk, nekkni, nekkenti. 2. Win iwumi ttmeslayen: Keçç, kemm, kunwi, kunemti. 3. Win i$ef ttmeslayen (yettwabdaren): Netta, nettat, nitni,

nitenti.

Tamawt: Udem d ameskil seg mi yezmer ad yesεu: asuf, asget, amalay d wunti.

£er wudmawen-a, ad d-rnun sin wudmawen uddisen. Udem uddis ur

yesεi ara amqim udmawan ilelli i t-yemmalen maca zdin deg-s sin wudmawen: Uddis amalay Azal-is: Nekkni ne$ nekkenti d kunwi. Uddis unti Azal-is: Nekkni ne$ nekkenti d kunemti. Imataren udmawanen: Les affixes personnels Amatar udmawan d isekkilen i d-irennun, di tseftit, di tazwara d taggara n wemyag; yemmal-d anwa udem wi$er yefti wemyag. md: yufeg y = netta 3.sf. m ufant nt = nitenti 3. gt. Nt

Tamawt: Amatar udmawan n wudem uddis yegber sin imataren zdin: Nessnet →(n-----------) d (-----------t) →1gt+2gt.m


4400

Nessnemt →(n-----------) d (---------mt) →1gt+2gt.nt

Tafelwit n wudmawen :

Timawin: 1-Amatar udmawan 3.sf.m, yettili : i : zdat yiwet tergalt, md: ibedd, itett, imuqel. ye: zdat snat tergalin ne$ zdat tergalt tussidt, md: yensa, yeddem. y: zdat te$ri, md: yuli, (ad) yaf, (ad) yini. 2- Nrennu ti$ri”e”: a- I umatar udmawan n tazwara, ma yebda ufeggag s snat tergalin: kcem / t.kcem, n.kcem ------ tekcem, nekcem. b- I umatar udmawan n taggara, ma yekfa ufeggag s tergalt: kcem / kecme$, tkecmem, tkecmemt, nkecmet, nkecmemt.

UDMAWEN IMQIMEN IMATAREN UDMAWANEN

IZRI+URMIR+URMIR USSID

1.sf nekk ------------------------$ 2.sf

2.gt.nt keçç

kemm t-----------------------v

3.sf.m 3.sf.nt

netta nettat

i, y--------------------- t------------------------

1.gt.m 1.gt.nt

nekkni nekkenti

n-----------------------

2.gt.m 2.gt.nt

kunwi kunemti

t----------------------m t---------------------mt

3.gt.m 3.gt.nt

nitni nitenti

----------------------n ---------------------nt

ds.m ds.nt

n----------------------t n--------------------mt


4411

lal / lulen, lulent, tlulem, tlulemt. 3- Di kra tmeslayin, deg wanav d wanav ussid, amatar udmawan 2.gt.m (kunwi), yettili di tal$a nniven (--------m), md: arum –- ttarum, lemdem –- lemmdem, azzlem - ttazzalem.

Izri n yemyagen n t$ara: Prétérit des verbes de qualité: Di tseftit $er yezri, imataren udmawanen n yemyagen n t$ara mgaraden $ef wid n yemyagen imugna. Ha-ten-aya: 1. sf : --------------$ 2. sf : --------------v 3. sf.m: ------------ 3. sf.nt : ------------t

1.gt: -------------it 2.gt.m: ------------it 2.gt.nt: ------------it 3.gt.m: ------------it 3.gt.nt: ------------it ds.m: -----------it ds.nt:------------it

Tasemlilt: Synthèse Deg yezri n yemyagen n t$ara, imataren udmawanen ttilin kan di

taggara. Udem a3an asuf amalay ur yesεi ara amatar udmawan. Tettili kan yiwet tal$a n wesget, amatar-is udmawan d “it”.

Timawin: 1- Di kra tmeslayin, ulac amgired ger tseftit n wemyag n t$ara d tin n wemyag amagnu. 2- Llan yemyagen n t$ara i ilan taseftit am tin n yemyagen imugna: lhu, cbeê.

Kra n tseftay: Quelques conjugaisons

IBRIK IFSUS IHRIW UZUR IWSIR IWRI£


4422

Udmawen uddisen: Les personnes composées Di tmeslayt n yal ass, sseqdacen aîas Imazi$en (lad$a Leqbayel), snat tal$iwin: azal n yal yiwet deg-sent d sin wudmawen n wesget 1.gt + 2.gt.m + nt: a-Udem uddis amalay: 1.gt + 2. gt.m -Ad nkecmet = Ad nekcem (nekkni) + ad tkecmem (kunwi). b-Udem uddis unti: 1.gt + 2.gt.nt -Ad nkecmet = Ad nekcem (nekkni ne$ nekkenti) + Ad tkecmemt (kunemti).

TAL£A TIBAWT: LA FORME NEGATIVE Tettili tal$a tibawt s tmerna umernu n tibawt i wemyag.

Imedyaten: Tal$a tilawt Tal$a tibawt

Yura unelmad taseddart. Ur yuri ara unelmad taseddart. Yessen wegdud amezruy-is. Ur yessin ara wegdud amezruy-is.

ççan swan. Ur ççin ur swin.

Timawin: 1-Urmir d wanav ulac $ur-sen tal$a tibawt. 2-Deg wanav ussid d wurmir ussid, tal$a tibawt am tal$a tilawt.

berrike$ berrikev berrik berriket

Fessuse$ fessusev fessus fessuset

hrawe$ hrawev hraw hrawet

zure$ zurev zur zuret

wessre$ wessrev wesser wessret

werra$e$ werra$ev werra$ werra$et

Berrikit Fessusit hrawit zurit wessrit werra$it


4433

Ttagmet ------------- Ur ttagmet ara Tettaggmem---------- Ur tettagmem ara

Amgired ger yezri ilaw d yezri ibaw: Irrégularité entre le prétérit positif et le prétérit négatif Deg waîas yemyagen, yettili wemgired ger snat tal$iwin n yezri, tilawt d tibawt. Yettili deg wudmawen akk ne$ deg wudmawen n wesget d wudem a3an asuf amalay d wunti. Amgired deg wudmawen akk: Irrégularité à toutes les personnesAmedya n tseftit: 1.sf:bedre$ ≠ (ur) bdire$ 2.sf:tbedrev ≠ (ur) tebdirev 3.sf.m:yebder ≠ (ur) yebdir 3.sf.nt:tebder ≠ (ur) tebdir 1.gt:nebder ≠ (ur) nebdir 2.gt.nt:tbedrem ≠ (ur) tebdirem 2.gt.m:bedren ≠ (ur) bdiren 3.gt.nt:bedrent ≠ (ur) bdirent ds.m:nbedret ≠ (ur) nebdiret ds.nt:nbedremt ≠ (ur) nebdiremt

Tal$iwin nniven bder / bder → bdir kker / kker→ kkir mseglu/mseglu→msegla adef / adef → udif idir / idir → ddir 3.gt.m: tbedremt ≠(ur)tebdiremt

b-Amgired deg wudmawen akk, anagar deg wudmawen 1.2.sf:Amedya ntseftit: 1.sf: bri$ ≠ (ur) bri$ 2.sf: tebriv ≠ (ur) tebriv 3.sf.m: yebra ≠ (ur) yebri 3.sf.nt: tebra ≠ (ur) tebri 1.gt: nebra ≠ (ur) nebri 2.gt.m: tebram ≠ (ur) tebrim

2.gt.nt: tebramt ≠ (ur) tebrimt 3.gt.m: bran ≠ (ur) brin 3.gt.nt: brant ≠ (ur) brint ds.m: nebrat ≠ (ur) nebrit ds.nt: nebramt ≠ (ur) nebrimt Tal$iwin nniven: bru / bra → bri


4444

sel / sla → sli zzu / zza → zzi ekk / kka → kki ri / ra → ri azu / uza → uzi

af / ufa → ufi ili / ila → ili mel / mla → mli els / lsa→ lsi eg / ga → gi

Tamawt: Deg yemyagen iswa$en d yettwa$en, d yemyagen n t$ara, izri ibaw am yezri ilaw. Sselmed nesselmed = (ur) nesselmed. Ttubeddel yettubeddel = (ur) yettubeddel. Imsus messus = (ur) messus.

Tizel$iwin n tnila: Les particules de direction « D » d « n » d tizel$iwin n tnila, mmalent ani$er terra tigawt. Di

snat yid-sent teqqnent s tjerrivt n tuqqna:: -d: $er win yettmeslayen. -n: $er win iwumi ttmeslayen ne$ $er wemkan i d-yettwabedren ne$ $er din. Tettili tzel$a n tnila zdat wemyag ne$ deffir-s:

1-Zdat wemyag: Devant le verbe Tettili tzel$a n tnila zdat wemyag ma tella tzel$a n yimal ne$ umiran ne$ ma yella umernu n tibawt ne$ amqim amassa$ ::

• Anav ussid: Ur d-ttaru ara tibratin. • Izri: Ur d-yuri ara tibratin. • Urmir: Ad d-yaru tabrat.


4455

• Urmir ussid: La d-yettaru tibratin. • Ama$un: D netta i d-yuran tabrat.

2-Deffir wemyag: Derrière le verbe Tettili tzel$a n tnila deffir wemyag ma ulac tizel$iwin, amernu n tibawt d wemqim amassa$ ::

• Anav: Aru-d tibratin. • Anav ussid: Ttaru-d tibratin. • Izri: Yura-d tibratin. • Urmir: Awev kan, taruv-d tabrat. • Urmir ussid: Yettaru-d tibratin.

Timawin: 1-Imyagen n t$ara ur seεεun ara tazel$a n tnila:

Yella: izwi$- isliw- im$ur. Maca ulac: izwi$-d, isliw-d, im$ur-d.

2-S umata, deffir wuddiden n wemyag, tizel$iwin n tnila “d, n” ttu$alent d: id, in. md: Ddem-as-t-id. Awi-as-t-in. 3- Llant tzel$iwin n tnila nniven, teqqnent $er wesnekdan : éer asnekdan.


4466

KRA IZUMAL N TSEFTIT: QUELQUES MODELES DE CONJUGAISON

Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s tussda n tergalt.

IMQIMEN IZRI

ILAW IZRI

IBAW URMIR URMIR

USSID Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat

sli$ tesliv yesla tesla

ur sli$ ur tesliv ur yesli ur tesli

ad sle$ ad teslev ad isel ad tsel

selle$ tsellev isell tsell

Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti

nesla teslam teslamt slan slant

ur nesli ur teslim ur teslimt ur slin ur slint

ad nsel ad teslem ad teslemt ad slen ad slent

nsell tsellem tsellemt sellen sellent

Ds.m Ds.nt

neslat neslamt

ur neslit ur neslimt

ad neslet ad neslemt

nsellet nsellemt

AMA£UN yeslan ur nesli ara yeslen isellen (ur nsel)

ANAV sel slet slemt

SS EE LL


4477

ANAV USSID

sell sellet sellemt

Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s tmerna umatar n wussid.

IMQIMEN IZRI

ILAW IZRI

IBAW URMIR URMIR


ufi$ tufiv yufa tufa

ur ufi$ ur tufiv ur yufi ur tufi

ad afe$ ad tafev ad yaf ad taf

ttafe$ tettafev yettaf tettaf


nufa tufam tufamt ufan ufant

ur nufi ur tufim ur tufimt ur ufin ur ufint

ad naf ad tafem ad tafemt ad afen ad afent

nettaf tettafem tettafemt ttafen ttafent

Ds.m Ds.nt

nufat nufamt

ur nufit ur nufimt

ad nafet ad nafemt

nettafet nettafemt

AMA£UN Yufan ur nufi ara yafen yettafen (ur nettaf)

ANAV af afet ttafet ANAV USSID

ttaf ttafet ttafemt

AAFF


4488

Amyag alugan. Ussid-is: s tussda n tergalt.

IMQIMEN IZRI ILAW IZRI IBAW URMIR URMIR

USSID

Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat

sni$ tesniv yesni tesni

ur sni$ ur tesniv ur yesni ur tesni

ad sni$ ad tesniv ad yesni ad tesni

senni$ tsenniv isenni tsenni


nesni tesnim tesnimt snin snint

ur nesni ur tesnim ur tesnimt ur snin ur snint

ad nesni ad tesnim ad tesnimt ad snin ad snint

nsenni tsennim tsennimt sennin sennint

Ds.m Ds.nt

nesnit nesnimt

ur nesnit ur nesnimt

ad nesnit ad nesnimt

nsennit nsennimt

AMA£UN yesnin ur nesni ara yesnin isennin (ur nsenni)

ANAV sni snit snimt ANAV USSID

Senni sennit sennimt

SS NN II


4499

Amyag alugan. Ussid-is: s tmerna umatar n wussid.

IMQIMEN IZRI ILAW IZRI IBAW URMIR URMIR USSID


ife$ tifev yif tif

ur ife$ ur tifev ur yif ur tif

ad ife$ ad tifev ad yif ad tif

ttife$ tettifev yettif tettif


nif tifem tifemt ifen ifent

ur nif ur tifem ur tifemt ur ifen ur ifent

ad nif ad tifem ad tifemt ad ifen ad ifent

nettif tettifem tettifemt ttifen ttifent

AMA£UN Yifen ur nif ara yifen yettifen (ur nettif)

ANAV if ifet ifemt

ANAV USSID

ttif ttifet ttifemt

II FF


5500

Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s temlellit.

IMQIMEN IZRI

ILAW IZRI

IBAW URMIR URMIR

USSID


ssawle$ tessawlev yessawel tessawel

ur ssawle$ ur tessawlev ur yessawel ur tessawel

ad ssiwle$ ad tessiwlev ad yessiwel ad tessiwel

ssawale$ tessawalev yessawal tessawal


nessawel tessawlem tessawlemt ssawlen ssawlent

ur nessawel ur tessawlem ur tessawlemt ur ssawlen ur ssawlent

ad nessiwel ad tessiwlem ad tessiwlemt ad ssiwlen ad ssiwlent

nessawal tessawalem tessawalemt ssawalen ssawalent

Ds.m Ds.nt

nessawlet nessawlemt

ur nessawlet ur nessawlemt

ad nessiwlet ad nessiwlemt

nessawalet nessawalemt

AMA£UN Yessawlen ur nessawel ara yessiwlen yessawalen (ur nessawal)

ANAV ssiwel ssiwlet ssiwlemt

ANAV USSID

ssawal ssawalet ssawalemt

SSSSIIWWEELL


5511

Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s temlellit d tussda n tergalt.

IMQIMEN IZRI

ILAW IZRI

IBAW URMIR URMIR


dli$ tedliv yedla tedla

ur dli$ ur tedliv ur yedli ur tedli

ad dle$ ad tedlev ad idel ad tdel

ddale$ teddalev yeddal teddal


nedla tedlam tedlamt dlan dlant

ur nedli ur tedlim ur tedlimt ur dlin ur dlint

ad ndel ad tedlem ad tedlemt ad dlen ad dlent

neddal teddalem teddalemt ddalen ddalent

Ds.m Ds.nt

nedlat nedlamt

ur nedlit ur nedlimt

ad nedlet ad nedlemt

neddalet neddalemt

AMA£UN yedlan ur nedli ara yedlen yeddalen (ur neddal)

ANAV del dlet dlemt ANAV USSID

ddal ddalet ddalemt

DD EE LL


5522

Amyag alugan. Ussid-is: s temlellit.

IZRI ILAW

IZRI IBAW

URMIR URMIR USSID

sskecme$ tesskecmev yessekcem tessekcem

ur sskecme$ ur tesskecmev ur yessekcem ur tessekcem

ad sskecme$ ad tesskecmev ad yessekcem ad tessekcem

ssekcame$ tessekcamev yessekcam tessekcam

nessekcem tesskecmem tesskecmemt sskecmen sskecment

ur nessekcem ur tesskecmem ur tesskecmemt ur sskecmen ur sskecment

ad nessekcem ad tesskecmem ad tesskecmemt ad sskecmen ad sskecment

nessekcam tessekcamem tessekcamemt ssekcamen ssekcament

nesskecmet nesskecmemt

ur nesskecmet ur nesskecmemt

ad nesskecmet ad neskecmemt

nessekcamet nessekcamemt

Yesskecmen ur nessekcem ara yesskecmen yessekcamen (ur nessekcam)

ssekcem sskecmet sskecmemt ssekcam ssekcamet ssekcamemt

SSSSEEKKCCEEMM


5533

Amyag alugan. Ussid-is: s temlellit d tussda n tergalt.

IMQIMEN IZRI ILAW

IZRI IBAW

URMIR URMIR USSID


gne$ tegnev igen tgen

ur gne$ ur tegnev ur igen ur tgen

ad gne$ ad tegnev ad igen ad tgen

ggane$ tegganev yeggan teggan


ngen tegnem tegnemt gnen gnent

ur ngen ur tegnem ur tegnemt ur gnen ur gnent

ad ngen ad tegnem ad tegnemt ad gnen ad gnent

neggan tegganem tegganemt gganen gganent

Ds.m Ds.nt

negnet negnemt

ur negnet ur negnemt

ad negnet ad negnemt

negganet negganemt

AMA£UN yegnen ur ngen ara yegnen yegganen (ur neggan)

ANAV gen gnet gnemt ANAV USSID

ggan gganet gganemt

GG EE NN


5544

Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s temlellit d tmerna umatar n wussid.

IMQIMEN IZRI ILAW

IZRI IBAW

URMIR URMIR USSID


ggulle$ teggullev yeggull teggull

ur ggulle$ ur teggullev ur yeggull ur teggull

ad ggalle$ ad teggallev ad yeggall ad teggall

ttgalla$ tettgallav yettgalla tettgalla


neggull teggullem teggullemt ggullen ggullent

ur neggull ur teggullem ur teggullemt ur ggullen ur ggullent

ad neggall ad teggallem ad teggallemt ad ggalen ad ggallent

nettgalla tettgallam tettgallamt ttgallan ttgallant

Ds.m Ds.nt

neggullet neggullemt

ur neggullet ur neggullemt

ad neggallet ad neggallemt

nettgallat nettgallamt

AMA£UN yeggullen ur neggull ara yeggallen yettgallan (ur nettgalla)

ANAV ggall ggallet ggallemt

ANAV USSID

ttgalla ttgallat ttgallamt

GGGGAALLLL


5555

Amyag alugan. Ussid-is : s temlellit d tmerna umatar n wussid.

IMQIMEN IZRI ILAW

IZRI IBAW

URMIR URMIR USSID


budde$ tbuddev ibudd tbudd

ur budde$ ur tbuddev ur ibudd ur tbudd

ad budde$ ad tbuddev ad ibudd ad tbudd

ttbuddu$ tettbudduv yettbuddu tettbuddu


nbudd tbuddem tbuddemt budden buddent

ur nbudd ur tbuddem ur tbuddemt ur budden ur buddent

ad nbudd ad tbuddem ad tbuddemt ad budden ad buddent

nettbuddu tettbuddum tettbuddumt ttbuddun ttbuddunt

Ds.m Ds.nt

nbuddet nbuddemt

ur nbuddet ur nbuddemt

ad nbuddet ad nbuddemt

nettbuddut nettbuddumt

AMA£UN Ibudden ur nbudd ara ibudden yettbuddun (ur nettbuddu)

ANAV budd buddet buddemt ANAV USSID

ttbuddu ttbuddut ttbuddumt

BUDD


5566

Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s tussda n tergalt d tmerna umatar n wussid.

IMQIMEN IZRI

ILAW IZRI

IBAW URMIR URMIR


gi$ tgiv iga tga

ur gi$ ur tgiv ur igi ur tgi

ad ge$ ad tgev ad yeg ad teg

tegge$ tetteggev itegg tettegg


nga tgam tgamt gan gant

ur ngi ur tgim ur tgimt ur gin ur gint

ad neg ad tgem ad tgemt ad gen ad gent

ntegg tetteggem tetteggemt teggen teggent

Ds.m Ds.nt

ngat ngamt

ur ngit ur ngimt

ad nget ad ngemt

ntegget nteggemt

AMA£UN Igan ur ngi ara igen iteggen (ur ntegg)

ANAV eg get gemt ANAV USSID

tegg tegget teggemt

EE GG


5577

Ilugan n tseftit: Règles de conjugaison 1-Tettili te$ri e di tazwara n wemyag, ma ur telli deg-s te$ri nniven. Nettaf aya anagar di tal$a taêerfit ne$ deg wudem wis 2 n wasuf, deg wanav.. Imedyaten: eks, eg, ekk, ens, enz, err, ers. 2-Weroin ad tili te$ri e di taggara n wemyag ne$ n wawal nniven. 3-Trennu te$ri e $er umatar udmawan n tazwara, ma yebda ufeggag s snat n tergalin . Imedyaten: bder / yebder, tebder, nebder. -Trennu te$ri e $er umatar udmawan n taggara ma yekfa ufeggag n wemyag s tergalt. Imedyaten: bder/ bedre$, tbedrev, tbedrem, tbedremt.


5588

4-Trennu te$ri e $er umatar uma$un n tazwara ma yebda ufeggag n wemyag s snat tergalin (éer alugen3). Imedyaten: yerwan, (ara) yerwun, yettazzalen, yelsan. -Trennu $er umatar uma$un n taggara ma yekfa ufeggag s tergalt (éer alugen 3). Imedyaten: ikecmen, yettanfen, yettazzalen, imuqlen. 5-Amatar n wussid d: tt, tte, te: -Yettili d tt, zdat te$ri ne$ yiwet tergalt : md: af / ttaf, herri /ttherri, bedd / ttbedda. -Yettili d tte, zdat snat tergalin: md: fruri / ttefruri, zmumeg / ttezmumug. -Yettili d te, zdat tergalt tussidt : md: ddu / teddu, kker / tekker, eg / tegg. 6-Amatar n wussid te, mi ara yemlil d umatar udmawan n tazwara t, yettu$al d tte. Imedyaten: 2.sf: (ad) tekkrev / tettekkrev, (ad) tedduv / tettedduv, (ad) tekkev / tettekkev, (ad) tgev / tetteggev. 3.sf.nt: (ad) tekker / tettekker, (ad) teddu / tetteddu,


5599

(ad) tekk / tettekk, (ad) teg / tettegg. 2.gt.m: (ad) tekkrem / tettekkrem, (ad) teddum / tetteddum, (ad) tekkem / tettekkem, (ad) tgem / tetteggem. 2.gtnt: (ad) tekkremt / tettekkremt, (ad) teddumt/ tetteddumt, (ad) tekkemt / tettekkemt, (ad) tgemt / tetteggemt. 7-Ma irennu umatar n wussid zdat tergalt tussidt tettekkes tussda. Imedyaten: ggall / ttgalla, nnerni / ttnerni, mmekti-d / ttmekti-d. 8-Deg wemgired ger yezri ilaw d yezri ibaw, tettili-d temlellit n te$ri n taggara s te$ri n tibawt i. Ti$ri i d ti$ri n tibawt. Imedyaten: yeddem ---------------- ur yeddim yufeg ------------------ ur yufig yerna ------------------ ur yerni 9-Ussid n yemyagen iswa$en d yettwa$en s ttu, ttw (a), yettili kan s temlellit. Imedyaten: ssifeg / ssafag, sgen / sgan, sselhu / sselhay.


6600

ttucemmet / ttucemmat, ttwakkes / ttwakkas, ttwawi / ttwaway. 10-Anav d wurmir ne$ anav ussid d wurmir ussid, ttemgaraden kan deg umatar udmawan.

ANAV URMIR ANAV USSID

URMIR USSID

Aru taruv ttaru tettaruv Arut tarum ttarut tettarum

Arumt tarumt ttarumt tettarumt 11-Di tal$a tussidt i d-yettilin s tussda n tergalt, d targalt ta2ant i itessden, yalass. Imedyaten: bder / bedder, rnu / rennu, zwi / zewwi. 12-Di tal$a tussidt i d-yettilin s temlellit d tussda n tergalt, d targalt tamezwarut i itessden, yalass. Imedyaten: gen / ggan, del / ddal, mel / mmal.

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt ASUDDEM

6611

IIXXEEFF IIIIII: A S U D D E M: LA DERIVATION Asuddem d asuffe$ n wawal seg wawal nniven, awal i d-yettusuddmen d awal asuddim, yettili d isem, d iglem, d amyag... Si zik ar assa, simmal ttlalen-d wawalen imaynuten, rennun-d $er umawal n tutlayt. Tarrayt tagejdant deg wesnelfu-nsen d asuddem. Seg wemyag, nessudum-d: -Ismawen: tazzla (si azzel), ameksa (si eks). -Igelman: amellal (si imlul), asellaw (si isliw). -Imyagen: ssekcem, ttwakcem, myekcam (si kcem). ISMAWEN ISUDDIMEN (IZELMAN) : LES NOMS DERIVES Ismawen isuddimen bvan $ef 03 yeêricen: ismawen n tigawt, ismawen umeggay, ismawen n wallal.

1. Isem n tigawt: Le nom d’action

Isem n tigawt yemmal ayen iverrun. Tal$iwin-is tigejdanin d ti:

a. Asuf amalay:


6622

Masculin singulier a R R a R azdar → si zder azway → si zwi aféaé → si feéé a R R u R affug → si afeg alluy → si ali a----------- amured → si mured aselmed → si sselmed a----------i asemlili → si ssemlil a$illi → si $ill a---------u abuddu → si budd aneRRuR anekcum → si kcem i----------i i$imi → si qqim ibeddi → si bedd u----------i uççi → si eçç u----------u uzu → si zzu u R u R u$ud → si qqed ------------ urar → si urar inig → si inig fad → si ffad (da, tekkes tussda).

b. Asget amalay: Masculin pluriel


6633

i----------an iraran → si err-d

c. Asuf unti: Féminin singulier

taRuRi ta-------i ta-------it ta-----awt ta-------a tane------a ta-------t te-------- ti--------t ti--------it ti---------i tim(e)-----iwt tuRRRa tu-------t tuRut

taguni → si gen ta$uri → si $er tasusmi → si ssusem taduli → si del talalit → si lal tagallit → si ggall tazedmawt → si zdem tazzla → si azzel tarda → si irid tanekkra → si kker taéayt → si aéay tatut → si ttu tewzel → si iwzil tizegzewt → si zegzew tifit → si if tizelgi → si zleg timesliwt → si sel tuddza → si ddez tuzzya → si zzi tudert → si idir tuzert → si uzur tuéut → si ééu

d. asget unti: Féminin pluriel

ti--------in


6644

tu-------in

tifin → si af tigin → si eg tu$alin → si u$al

2. Isem umeggay : Le nom d’agent

Isem umeggay yemmal win yessevran tigawt.Tal$iwin-is tigejdanin d ti: ameRRaR aneRRaR amaRRaR aReRRaR aReRRaR aRaRaR amuRiR am--------- am--------a am--------u an(e)-----u im----------

amekraz → si krez anelmad → si lmed amakkas → si kkes aselmad → si sselmed asemmad → si smed amaway → si awi amuvin → si aven amsuter → si ssuter ameksa → si eks améallu → si ééall aneqqamu → si qqim iminig → si inig

3. Isem n wallal: Le nom d’instrument

Isem n wallal yemmal ta$awsa s wayes tevra tigawt. aReRRaR aReRRuR as---------- im(e)------ i R R e R

ise--------- isi---------- areqqas → si rqes akemmus → si kmes asagem → si agem


6655

imelwi → si lwi

imcev,timcevt → si mcev isegni, tisegnit→ si gnu tisiqqest → si qqes

IMYAGEN ISUDDIMEN: LES VERBES DERIVES Amyag asuddim yettili d aswa$, d amya$ ne$ d attwa$. Iverru-d usuddem n yemyagen ilmend isekkilen s wayes yebda wemyag amenzu. Amyag ansi d-yekka usuddem d amyag amenzu. Imedyaten

TAL£A AMYAG ASUDDIM

AMYAG AMENZU

Aswa$ s s e lm e d l m e d Amya$ m y a f a f Attwa$ t t w a q q e s q q e s

Aswa$: Le factitif Yettili usile$ n weswa$ s tmerna n yiwen seg yezwiren-a: s, ss, sse, ssu i wemyag amenzu. S wezwir ss, tezmer ad d-tili temlellit n te$ri n tazwara ne$ n taggara.

AZWIR

ISEKKILEN S WAYES YEBDA

WEMYAG AMENZU

AMYAG AMENZU

AMYAG ASWA$

TAMAWT

s R bedd sbedd RR nnerni snerni -Tekkes tussda.

sse RR rwel sserwel


6666

Rru ddu sseddu -Amyag amenzu deg-s kan yiwet tergalt tussidt.

ssu Rre ffe$ ssuffe$ ss $R ers ssers

afeg ssifeg -Tella temlellit di tazwara. imlul ssimlel

ilqiq ssilqeq -Tella temlellit di taggara.

Amya$: Le réciproque Yettili usile$ n wemya$ s tmerna n wezwir: my, mye, myu, m.

AZWIR ISEKKILEN S WAYES YEBDA

WEMYAG AMENZU

AMYAG AMENZU

AMYAG ASWA£

TAMAWT

my $R

aru if err

myaru myif myerr

asem myasam -Tella temlellit. mye RR kcem myekcam -Tella temlellit.

my RR zzem myuzzam -Tella temlellit.

$RR issin myussan -Tella temlellit.

m R nadi mnadi gaber mgabar -Tella temlellit.

Attwa$: Le passif Yettili usuddem n wettwa$ slid seg yemyagen isenvanen, s tmerna n wezwir: ttu, ttwa, ttw, mm.


6677

AZWIR ISEKKILEN S

WAYES YEBDA

WEMYAG AMENZU

AMYAG

AMENZU AMYAG

ASWA£ TAMAWT

ttu R beddel dawi mudd

ttubeddel ttudawi ttumudd

ttwa RR RR

lmed ddem

ttwalmed ttwaddem

ttw $R awi azen

ttwawi ttwazen

mm eR els mmels -Tella temlellit.

RR zlu mmzel eRR eçç mmeçç

G-M : R d targalt ; RR d targalt tussidt; $ d ti$ri.

Tal$iwin tuddisin: Les formes composées Llant kradet tal$iwin tuddisin: -Aswa$ n wemya$: ssemyehdar← myehdar← hder -Amya$ n weswa$: mselmad← sselmed← lmed -Attwa$ n weswa$: ttuselmed← sselmed← lmed


6688

Asile$ n tal$iwin tuddisin: Formation des formes composées Asile$ n tal$iwin-a tuddisin, iverru-d akken i d-iverru usile$ n tal$iwin tisuddimin tiêerfiyin.

AZWIR UDDIS

AMYAG AMENZU

TAL£A TASUDDIMT TAË�ERFIT

TAL£A TASUDDIMT

TUDDIST

Aswa$ n wemya$

Ssem ssemy($)

wali hder

mwali myehdar

ssemwali ssemyehdar

Amya$ n weswa$

my($)s Ms($)

bedd nger

sbedd ssenger

myesbedd msengar

Attwa$ n weswa$

ttus($) Ttwas

lmed bedd

sselmed sbedd

ttuselmed ttwasbedd

Tamawt: Attwa$ ur d-nesuddum ara seg-s tal$a tuddist. Asekkil ($) yemmal ti$ri.

Tarrayt usile$ n yemyagen isuddimen: Procédé de formation des verbes dérivés Akken i d-nezwar awal, s umata, asile$ n yemyagen isuddimen yevvafar isekkilen imezwura si tama, si tama nniven yezmer ad yili wassa$ d wemvan n tsawalin i ila wemyag amenzu ne$ amyag ansi ara d-yili usuddem:


6699

Asuddem n weswa$: s sse ssu ssi ss

-Zdat yiwet tergalt, yiwet tsawalt [gen-sgen] -Zdat yiwet tergalt iwumi tekkes tussda, aîas tsawalin [dder$el-sder$el] -Zdat snat tergalin [msed-ssemsed] -Zdat tergalt tussidt, yiwen imesli [ttu-ssettu] -Zdat tergalt tussidt, yiwet tsawalt, sin imesla [îîev-ssuîîev] -Zdat te$ri a n wemyag amagnu, tamlellit s te$ri i [afeg-ssifeg] -Zdat te$ri i, tamlellit n te$ri ta2ant deg wemyag n t$ara [imlul-ssimlel] -Zdat te$ri e [els-ssel

Asuddem n wemya$: m mye mm my

myu -Zdat yiwet tergalt [nadi-mnadi] -Zdat snat tergalin, ugar n yiwet tsawalt, tamlellit [kcem-myekcam] -Zdat tergalt tussidt [ttu-myettu]


7700

-Zdat te$ri e, yiwet tsawalt [en$-mmen$]

-Zdat te$ri a, i, u [awi-myawi, ini-myini, u$al-myu$al] -Zdat te$ri yezwaren targalt tussidt, tamlellit [issin-myussan]

Asuddem n wettwa$: ttu ttwa ttw

-Zdat yiwet tergalt [beddel-ttubeddel] -Zdat snat tergalin [zde$-ttwazde$] -Zdat tergalt tussidt [ddem-ttwaddem] -Zdat te$ri [a$-ttwa$]

ASUDDEM IGELMAN: LA DERIVATION D’ADJ. QUALIFICATIFS S wudem amatu, yettili-d usuddem igelman seg yemyagen. Si tama nniven nettêulfu d akken yessefk ad yettunefk wazal i usuddem-nsen seg yismawen. Tal$iwin tigejdanin: Les formes principales 1-Asuddem seg wemyag: La dérivation verbale a------------an u R R i R

u R R i R ame--------u aneRRaRu


7711

aReRRiR aReRRaR aRRaRaR aReRRaR a R R a R im---------- aRiRan---------→ aéivan aRuRan--------→ azuran aReRRRan----→ ameqqran aReRRan------→ azedgan

aRRaRan------→ ahrawan ------------------→ ubrin ------------------→ uddiz ameRRu-------→ amerku ameRReRRu--→ ameqqersu ameRRaRu----→ amezwaru ameRRaRu----→ amellaéu ------------------→ aneqqaru ------------------→ aderwic ------------------→ azegzaw ------------------→ aftatas ------------------→ asellaw ------------------→ awra$ ------------------→ imseggem

2-Asuddem seg yisem: La dérivation nominale a------------an ams(e)-------- aRuRRiR

------------------→ adelsan ------------------→ amsedrar ------------------→ a$urbiz

Awal $ef usuddem seg yisem: A propos de la dérivation nominale Akken nwala deg ufella, yettili usuddem ula seg yismawen. Xas ur teggit ara tarrayt-a, tezmer ad tili, deg yimal, d yiwen wallal s wazal-is, i wesnelfi d wesnerni n tutlayt-nne$ am di tutlayin nniven n umaval. Abrid yenjer i waya mi ara néer imedyaten-a: a-Asuddem seg yisem amatu: Dérivation du nom commun iglem: a$urbiz← a$erbaz, agdudan← agdud.


7722

amyag: ssiwel← awal b-Asuddem seg yisem uzzig: Dérivation du nom propre isem : Atunsi← Tunes, Afransis← Fransa. iglem : Agdud Atunsi← Tunes. amyag: Ttumaze$← Tamazi$t. IXEF IIVV: IMQIMEN

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt IMQIMEN

7733

LES PRONOMS S wudem amatu, amqim yettili deg wadeg n yisem.Yezmer ad yesεu akk tal$iwin-is (amvan, tawsit, addad) d twuriwin-is (d asemmad: usrid, arusrid, agucclan, anez$an….). Llant smuset (05) taggayin n yemqimen: Imqimen udmawanen:

Les pronoms personnels Imqimen udmawanen ttilin d ilelliyen (nekk, netta….) ne$ d uddiden «iwsilen» (fkan-as-ten). Uddiden teqqnen s tjerrivt n tuqqna, $er wemyag, $er yisem, $er tenze$t, $er usestan, ne$ $er wesnekdan. Imqimen imeskanen:

Les pronoms démonstratifs Imqimen imeskanen skanen-d kra (amdan, ta$awsa ne$ a$ersiw). Ttilin d ilelliyen ne$ d uddiden.

Imqimen irbuda:

Les proroms indéfinis Llan yemqimen irbuda i yesεan amvan d tewsit: d imeskilen (wayev, tayev…), wiyev ur sεin ara: d irmeskilen (kra).

Imqimen isestanen (imattaren):

Les pronoms interrogatifs Imqimen isestanen, tbeddu yis-sen tsestant tamurant: Anta i imeslen tabuqalt-a? Imqimen imassa$en:

Les pronoms relatifs


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Imqimen imassa$en, yis-sen i yettili usile$ isumar imùsental imassa$en. èer aêric n tseddast.

Imqimen udmawanen:

Les pronoms personnels a- Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen: Pronoms personnels libres (autonomes)

UDEM AMQIM UDEM AMQIM 1.sf nekk 1.gt.m

1.gt.nt nekkni nekkenti

2.sf 2.sf.nt

keçç kemm

2.gt.m 2.gt.nt

kunwi kunemti

3.sf.m 3.sf.nt

netta nettat

3.gt.m 3.gt.nt

nitni nitenti

Timawin: 1-Udmawen 1.sf, 2.sf.m + nt, $ur-sen snat tal$iwin: -Tal$a tawezzlant: nekk, keç, kem. -Tal$a ta$ezzfant: nekkini, keççini, kemmini. 2-Imqimen n wesget, nezmer ad ten-naf $ef tal$a-a: kenwi, kennemti, nutni, nutenti.

b- Imqimen udmawanen uddiden (iwsilen):


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Pronoms personnels affixes b1-Uddiden (iwsilen) n yisem: Affixes du nom

UDEM

DEFFIR TE£RI

DEFFIR TE£RI D

DEFFIR TERGALT

DEFFIR

TERGALT

UDDIDEN N YISEM

N TIMMAREWT

1.sf 2.sf.m 2.sf.nt 3.sf.m 3.sf.nt

-w -k -m -s -s

-inu -nnek -nnem -nnes -nnes

-iw -ik -im -is -is

-- -k -m -s -s

1.gt.m 1.gt.nt 2.gt.m 2.gt.nt 3.gt.m 3.gt.nt

-nne$ -nte$

-nwen -nwent -nsen -nsent

-tne$ -tente$ -twen -went -tsen -tsen

Timawin: 1- Tikwal, uddiden n yisem ttilin d unsiren di tefyirt, ma ur qqinen ara $er wawal i ttgucculen: Nne$ tmurt-a. Nnes wemam-nni. 2- Uddiden n yisem: nnek, nnem, nnes, nne$ yegget usemres-nsen di tuget n tmeslayin, di Tcawit, di Tmahe$t, di Teqbaylit, di Teméabt.

b2-Uddiden (iwsilen) n wemyag: Affixes du verbe


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UDEM USRID

ARUSRID deffir te$ri deffir tergalt 1.sf

2.sf.m 2.sf.nt 3.sf.m 3.sf.nt

-yi -k

-kem -t -tt

-iyi -ik

-ikem -it -itt

-iyi, yi -ak -am -as -as


-ane$, a$ -ante$ -ken -kent -ten -tent

-ane$, a$ -ante$ -iken -ikent -iten -itent

-ane$, ne$ -ante$ -awen -awent -asen -asent

Tamawt: Zdat wemyag, uddid n wemyag (1- gt.m) yettili d a$ ne$ yettu$al d a$en, maca weroin d ““aannee$$””: Yemla-ane$ →Ad a$en-imel. Ad a$-imel. Ad ane$ imel.

UDEM A B C


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b3-Uddiden (iwsilen) n tenze$t: Affixes de préposition

Tamawt: A: D uddiden yerzan tinza$: deg, seg, $ur, yid, nnig, zdat, yis, deffir, s nnig, s deffir, s zdat. B: d uddiden yerzan tinza$: fell, gar. D: d uddiden yerzan tinza$: ddaw, s ddaw.

1.sf 2.sf.m 2.sf.nt 3.sf.m 3.sf.nt

-i -k -m -s -s

-i -ak -am -as -as

-i -ak -am -as -as


-ne$ -nte$ -wen -went -sen -sent

-a$,-ane$ -ante$ -awen -awent -asen -asent

-atne$ -ante$ -atwen -atwent -atsen -atsent


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b4- Uddiden usestan: Affixes d’interrogatifs

UDEM

U S R I D E N IRUSRIDEN DEFFIR

TE¨£RI DEFFIR

TERGALT 1.sf.

2.sf.m 2.sf.nt. 3.sf.m. 3.sf.nt.

Acu-i? Acu-k? Acu-kem? Acu-t? Acu-tt?

Annect-iyi? Annect-ik? Annect-ikem? Annect-it? Annect-itt?

Acu-iyi-t? Acu-ak-t? Acu-am-t? Acu-as-t? Acu-as-t?

1.gt.m. 1.gt.nt 2.gt.m 2.gt.nt 3.gt.m 3.gt.nt

Acu-ane$(a$)? Acu-ante$? Acu-ken? Acu-kent? Acu-ten? Acu-tent?

Annect-ane$(a$)? Annect-ante$? Annect-iken? Annect-ikent? Annect-iten? Annect-itent?

Acu-ane$(a$)-t? Acu-ante$-t? Acu-awen-t? Acu-awent-t? Acu-asen-t ? Acu-asent-t?

ds.m+nt Acu-ane$(a$)? Annect-ane$(a$)? Acu-ane$(a$)-t?

Tamawt: Uddiden usestan am wuddiden n wemyag, ama di tal$a ama di twuri: llan wusriden, llan irusriden.

IMQIMEN IRBUDA, IMESKANEN D ISESTANEN:

• Imqimen irbuda: Les pronoms indéfinis

Irbuda imeskilen seεεun aîas tal$iwin: wayev, tayev, wiyev, tiyev, yiwen, yiwet, winnat, tinnat. Kra n yerbuda d irmeskilen seεεun kan yiwet tal$a: kra, yal, akk, acemma.


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• Imqimen imeskanen: Les pronoms démonstratifs

Imqimen imeskanen bvan ilmend unamek n tallunt: tama, agugu,

abdar (tibawt). Llant ddeqs tal$iwin. Uddiden imeskanen d irmeskilen. Llant kradet tal$iwin kan:

◊ a yemmal tama → anelmad-a, tanelmadt-a, inelmaden-a…

◊ inna yemmal agugu → adrar-inna, idurar-inna… ◊ nni yemmal abdar → amcic-nni, imcac-nni, timcac-

nni…

ISESTANEN

IRBUDA

IMESKANEN N TAMA N TUGUGT N WEBDAR

Anwa wayev

wa, waki wayi, wagi

winna Wihin

win

Anta tayev ta, taki tayi, tagi

tinna Tihin

tin

Anwi wiyev wiyiv wiyav

wi, wiki wiyi, wigi

wigad-inna widak-inna wikad-inna

wid-wigad wikad-widak wigad-nni wikad-nni

Anti tiyev tiyiv tiyav

ti, tiki tiyi, tigi

tigad-inna tidak-inna tikad-inna

tid-tigad tikad-tidak tigad-nni tidak-nni

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt TINZA£, TIS£UNIN, IMERNA

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IXEF VV : TINZA£, TIS£UNIN, IMERNA. PREPOSITIONS, CONJONCTIONS, ADVERBES. TINZA£ : LES PREPOSITIONS Tanze$t d awal armeskil iteqqnen asemmad $er wawal i

isemmed. Tanze$t tettili srid zdat usemmad. Tinza$ d ti: n, am, i, ar, ddaw, s ddaw, nnig, s nnig, zdat, deffir,

s deffir, deg (di), seg (si), ger (gar), $ef(fell), d (yid), akked, s (n wallal), s (n tnila), war (=bla). S umata, tinza$ sselkament addad amaruz, maca tinza$ ar, war, s ( n tnila), sselkament addad ilelli. Tanze$t “n”: Tanze$t « n » temmal ayla, tettili zdat usemmad agucclan i ibeddun s tergalt d yismawen irmeskilen n waddad. Xas yella wanida i tt-ssemrasen zdat usemmad agucclan yebdan s te$ri, yif-it ma nekkes-itt anida ur twulem ara. Nettaru Ur nettaru ara Mmi-s n wedrar. Mmi-s wedrar. Tamurt n Leqbayel. Tamurt Leqbayel. Ta$erma n Iran. Ta$erma Iran. Tamurt Imazi$en. Tamurt n Imazi$en. Asirem ufellaê. Asirem n ufellaê. Tanze$t “s” n tnila:


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Tanze$t “s” n tnila, anamek-is: ani$er, nezmer ad nerr deg wadeg-is tanze$t $er. Tanze$t-a, weroin tettili zdat yisem yebdan s tergalt ne$ zdat yisem armeskil n waddad: a- Neqqar: Kcem s axxam.

Neqqar:Kcem $er texxamt. Maca ur neqqar ara: Kcem s taxxamt.

b- Neqqar: Yunag $er Irlanda. Maca ur neqqar ara: Yunag s Irlanda. Irlanda d isem armeskil n waddad, I (i$ri) maççi d ti$ri tamezwarut yemmalen isem amalay, acku isem-a yusa-d si tutlayt nniven, maççi d amazi$. Tanze$t “s” n wallal: Tanze$t “s” n wallal, anamek-is: s wayes.Temmal ta$awsa s wayes tevra tigawt.

-S wayes i yezwi azemmur? -Yezwi azemmur s umextaf.

TAMSERTIT: L’ASSIMILATION Tamsertit d abeddel ususru i yettilin mi ara mlilen sin imesla (sin isekkilen). Tamsertit tezmer ad tili s tenze$t i yevfer yisem (ne$ wemqim) ne$ s wemqim amassa$ d wemyag i yebdan s usekkil i ne$ y. Di temsertit, ilaq ad nqader ilugan n tjerrumt, ma dayen yerzan ta$uri ur yelli wugur ma nevfer tamsertit, ne$ tajerrumt. 1-Tanze$t d yisem:


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Préposition et nom TAMSERTIT TIRA ASUSRU n + t→ tt n + w → bbw n + y→ gg

n tefsut n weqcic

n yexxamen

ttefsut bbweqcic

ggexxamen

g + u→ ggw g + w→ ggw g + y→ gg g + i → gg

deg ufus deg webrid

deg yexxamen deg iberdan

deggwfus deggwebrid

deggexxamen deggberdan

f + u→ ff f + w→ ff

$ef uvar $ef wedrar

$effvar $effedrar

m + w→ mm am wergaz ammergaz

d + t→ tt teqqim d tselmadt teqqim ttselmadt

Timawin: 1-Deg yismawen irmeskilen n waddad ur tettili ara temsertit, md: -Yezde$ Wilyam di Irlanda. Yusa-d Wilyam si tmurt n Irlanda. 2-Tinza$ “seg, deg” teggent tamsertit maca mi ara u$alent $ef tal$a “di, si” ur teggent ara tamsertit: TELLA TEMSERTIT ULAC TAMSERTIT Afus deg ufus→seg ufus Yeqqim di taddert→Yekka-d si taddert Deg igenni→seg igenni Yeqqim di Islanda→Yekka-d si Islanda. Deg yiles→seg yiles Yeqqim di lexla→Yekka-d si lexla. Deg wawal→seg wawal Yeqqim di Wehran→Yekka-d si Wehran.

2-Amassa$ d wemyag:


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Relatif et verbe i + i →igg D Yuba i ibedden → D Yuba iggbedden. i + y→igg D argaz-a i yettbeddan →D argaz-a iggettbeddan. 3-Tas$unt “mi” d wemyag: Conjonction “mi” et verbe mi + i→ igg èri$ Yuba mi ibedd → èri$ Yuba miggbedd. mi + y→ migg èerre$-t mi yettbedda → èerre$-t miggettbedda. 4-Timsertiyin nniven : Autres assimilations Zemrent ad d-ilint temsertiyin nniven, akka: a-Tamsertit s tenze$t d yismawen yebdan s tergalin-a: l, m, f, r,b. -Aman n lebêer → Aman llebêer -Aéekka n Masensen → Aéekka Mmasensen. -Axxam n Fu$al → Axxam Ffu$al. -Awal n Rebbi → Awal Rrebbi. -Tamurt n baba → Tamurt bbaba. b-Tettili temsertit ula deg yiwen wawal ne$ ger sin wawalen s: v + t→ î: -Tacvavt → Tacvaî -Tablavt → Tablaî -Tufiv-ten? → Tufiîen? c- Tamsertit s tzel$a n yimal “ad” d umatar udmawan:


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ad + t→tt , ad+nn -Ad tawim → Attawim -Ad nawi → Annawi TANèA S IMESLI “Y”: Tanéa s imesli “y” tettili mi ara mlilent snat te$ra: taneggarut n wawal d tmezwarut n wawal nniven i yeqqnen ne$ ur neqqin ara $ur-s s tjerrivt n tuqqna. Imesli y yettili kan deg ususru, ur yessefk ara ad t-naru. Ha-tent-aya tegnatin ideg tettili tanéa s imesli « y »:

TAGNIT N TANèA TIRA ASUSRU

Amyag d wuddid-is

Nenna-as. Nenna-y-as.

Amyag d “ara” umernu n tibawt

Ur as-nenni ara.

Ur as-nenni-y-ara.

Isem d wuddid-is Asefru-ik igerrez. Asefru-y-ik igerrez. Isem d wuddid

ameskan Asefru-a ad igerrez Asefru-y-a ad igerrez.

Isem d wuddid-is ameskan

Tala-aki teqqur.

Tala-y-aki teqqur.

Asestan d wuddid-is

Acu-ak-t, Mêend? Acu-y-ak-t, Mêend?

Tazel$a usiwel d usemmad ilelli usiwel

Kker, a Amazi$. Kker, a y Amazi$.

Tazel$a n yimal “ara” d wemyag

Mi ara awve$, ad d-ssiwle$.

Mi ara y awve$, ad d-ssiwle$.

Tazel$a n tilawt “d”:


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Yalass, tzewwir isem ne$ awal i yeîîfen amkan-is, i yellan deg waddad ilelli. Deg ususru, tazel$a n tilawt d tazenza$t maca weroin tesselkam addad amaruz. Tazel$a n tilawt temgarad $ef tenze$t, yis-s i nessili$ asumer aramyagan.

• d + isem: D ageffur. →Anamek-is: Yella ugeffur. D anelmad. →Anamek-is: D acu-t. • d + amqim: D winna. →Anamek-is: D anwa-t. D netta. →Anamek-is: D anwa-t. • d + iglem: D aberkan . →Anamek-is: Amek iga. • d + aggay n wawalen: D tamurt Imazi$en.→Anamek-is: D acu-tt.

TIS£UNIN : LES CONJONCTIONS Tas$unt d awal armeskil iteqqnen ger sin wawalen, sin

waggayen n wawalen, ne$ sin isumar. Tis$unin n tuqqna teqqnent ger sin wawalen (ne$ aggayen n

wawalen) i ilan yiwen ugama d yiwet twuri. Imedyaten:-Qqim ne$ kker. -Yexdem iv d wass. Tis$unin usentel teqqnent ger sin isumar.

Yettna$ wegdud akken ad yawi tilelli-s.


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asumer tas$unt asumer imsentel agejdan usentel as$unan

Tamawt: Mi teqqnent ger sin isumar, tis$unin n tuqqna ur ssentalent ara asumer $er wayev. Isumar i teqqnent ttilin d ilelliyen ulac gar-asen agejdan., ulac win isemmden wayev. -Ad tedduv $er Draε Lmizan ne$ ad teqqimev deg wexxam. Nezmer ad d-nefk tafyirt-a, $ef tal$a nniven war ma ibeddel kra deg unamek-is: - Ad teqqimev deg wexxam ne$ ad tedduv $er Draε Lmizan. asumer ilelli asumer ilelli

Tis$unin n tuqqna: Les conjonctions de coordination Tis$unin n tuqqna d ti: Abeεda, ahat, ammar, da$en, d$a, ihi, ini, la-la, lad$a, lameεna, maca, meqqar, meεna, ne$, ni$, nniqal, wamag, wannag, waqila, yerna, zi$, zi$en, zuni.

Tamawt: Tikwal, « d » tettili d tas$unt n tuqqna, £ur-sen tazert d uzemmur ; maca mi ara teqqen ger wemyag d wawal nniven, tettili d tanze$t, Ddant d Dihya.


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Tis$unin usentel: Les conjonctions de subordination Tis$unin usentel d ti: Acku, akken, alamma, alarmi, armi, ala, ma, asmi, ar, ar asmi, ar d, bac akken, belli, d akken, amzun, imi, i wakken, êaca ma, lemmer, limer, ma, mi, mi akken, ma drus, ma ulac, segmi, seg wakken, seg wasmi, send, skud, ulama, ulamma, xas, xas ma, xas akken, $as, $as ma. IMERNA: LES ADVERBES Amernu d awal armeskil i d-irennun di tefyirt akken ad yesmed

anamek n wawal nniven (ne$ n taggayt n wawalen), s wakka yettbeddil kra deg unamek n tefyirt. Itett drus. → Amernu drus isemmed anamek n wemyag eçç. èri$ drus inelmaden.→ Amernu drus isemmed anamek n yisem inelmaden. D ameqqran aîas.→Amernu aîas isemmed anamek n yeglem ameqqran. Deg waddad amaruz yezmer ad yili ubeddel di te$ri tamezwarut

umernu. Imedyaten: Aîas → waîas Azekka → uzekka Ivelli → yivelli Tameddit → tmeddit Llan aîas waggayen imerna ( n wadeg, n wakud, n t$ara, n

tesmekta, n tilawt, n tibawt, usurdu, usesten).


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Imerna n wadeg: Les adverbes de lieu Imerna n wadeg mmalen adeg (amkan): Da, daki, dayi, dagi, din, dinna, dihin, sya, syaki, syayi, syagi, syin, syinna, syihin, daxel, berra, deffir, zdat, akkin, akkina, s wadda, d akessar, d asawen, i ukessar, i usawen, yeffus, zelmev, yeffes… Imerna n wakud: Les adverbes de temps Imerna n wakud mmalen akud (lweqt): Assa, assaki, assayi, assagi, azekka, sellazekka, iva, iv azeryan, azekkayen, azekka-nni, zik, tura, qabel, wabel, tikkelt, tikwal, yal ass, yalass, imira, imiren, imir-nni, ilindi, ccaw, akk ass, tameddit, tazwara, taggara, llina, seg llina, si llina, akkamira, aseggasa, aseggas nni… Imerna n t$ara: Les adverbes de qualité Imerna n t$ara mmalen ta$ara, ne$ amek tverru tigawt: Akka, akken, akkagi, akkayi, akken, mezleg, mliê, timendeffirt, ti$endist, tabelhuccent, tinegnit, tidist… Imerna n tesmekta: Les adverbes de quantité Imerna n tesmekta mmalen tasmekta ne$ azal (acêal): Aîas, acemma, drus, ddeqs, cwiî, ciîîeê, ciîîuê, nezzeh, ugar…


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Imerna n tilawt: Les adverbes d’affirmation Imerna n tilawt ur ggiten ara: ih, s tidet… Imerna n tibawt: Les adverbes de négation Imerna n tibawt mmalen tal$a tibawt: Ala, ur-ara, weroin, ur, werεad, ur-ur… Imerna usurdu: Les adverbes de doute Imerna usurdu mmalen asurdu (ccekk): Ahat, wissen. Imerna isestanen: Les adverbes interrogatifs Imerna isestanen (imattaren) nesseqdac-iten i usesten (i

westeqsi), yal wa d acu yemmal adeg, akud, tasmekta, ta$ara… Ha-ten-aya imerna isestanen: Anida, anda, anisi, ansi, ani$er,

aniwer, melmi, ar melmi, acêal, acêal aya, amek, annect…

Timawin: 1-Aîas imerna sεan tal$win n yisùmawen: Tikkelt, tikwal, tazwara, taggara, tameddit, timendeffirt, tinegnit, ti$endist, tidist, tabelhuccent. 2-Tikwal, izeddi uferdis “kan” d wayev akken ad ssil$en amernu uddis: - Imerna n tesmekta: ddeqs kan, cwiî kan, ciîîeê kan. - Imerna nt$ara: akka kan, tinegnit kan, akken kan. - Imerna n wadeg: daki kan, zdat kan, deffir kan. - Imerna n wakud: tameddit kan, tura kan, azekka kan. - Imerna usurdu: wissen kan, ahat kan.

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN

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IIXXEEFF VVII: IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN LES NOMBRES ET LEURS DERIVES Di tutlayt Tamazi$t, llan yemvanen maca yettili kra n wemgired

gar-asen, si tmeslayt $er tayev. Amgired-a yerza ama tal$a ama aéar: aîas seg-sen, kkan-d si tutlayt taεrabt. Aîas tmeslayin n watmaten-nne$ Imazi$en sseqdacent amalay d wunti ilmend usemmad n wemvan. D$a d asemmad n wemvan i yemmalen tawsit iwatan i wemvan. Deg umedya, imi argaz d amalay yessefk ad d-nini sin yergazen, maca neqqar snat tem$arin imi tawsit usemmad n wemvan d unti. Neb$a ad neεrev ad neg asurif $er zdat, deg webrid usetrer n tutlayt-nne$. Di teqbaylit, amvan d armeskil slid yiwen d sin (yiwet, snat: deg

wunti), maca akken i d-nezwar awal, imvanen ur llin ara d ayla-nne$. Xas yettban-d wannect-a d ayen igerrzen, ara yessifessen tutlayt, yessefk ad nesmenyaf tikci n wazal i tmeslayin timazi$in nniven, am Tmahe$t ideg sseqdacen kan imvanen n Tmazi$t. Ahat ur a$-terri ara tmara akken ad d-nervel ta$awsa ma nesεa-tt. Ma yella yiwen wemvan i ur nettaf ara di tantaliwin timazi$in d

“izider” ne$ 0. Azal-is d war tilas deg wakuden-a itraren ideg simmal tetteddu tussna $er zdat. Ur telli yiwet n ta$ult ideg ur nserr ara i izider (d amvan ne$ d azwil). Ma neéra tasenselkimt, tussnakt, tiéraf, addalen… wissen ma nezmer ad neg kra deg-sen s tutlayt-nne$ tamazi$t war ma nesseqdec aferdis-a!? D ayen ibanen: ulamek, d awez$i. D tidet amvan yella maçi ur yelli ara maca amek i as-neqqar, amek i t-nessusruy? Ddeqs n watmaten d tyessetmatin-nne$ i iêulfan i wugur-a, nudan ad as-d-afen tifrat. Llan wid i as-yefkan isem “ilem” ma d wiyev rran-t d “ulac”. Ma nessaked $er inumak n sin wawalen-a, ad naf:


9911

a-Ilem (ilmawen, tilemt, tilmawin), yettili d iglem ne$ d isem. Iglem “ilem” anamek-is ulac deg-s kra, yefre$: Abuqal d ilem, tarbut d tilemt. Ma d isem “ilem” , deg waîas temnavin, anamek-is d yiwet t$awsa yeévan s u$anim fessren deg-s iêbuben akken ad qqaren. b-Ulac d yiwen wawal uddis i d-yusan seg usumer “ur yelli c” (=ur yelli ara), “ur-c” d amernu n tibawt i yellan di Tcawit ar ass-a, azal-is d “ur-ara” n Teqbaylit. Segmi tutlayt teqqim kan akken tezga, atmaten-nne$

imusnawen, ar ass-a ur d-muqlen ara $er taluft-a; nekkni nesmenyaf yal tikkelt ad nferres abrid i d-nu$ ma nufa deg-s isennanen. Aql-ane$ ad d-neg asumer “izider” yebna $ef snat t$awsiwin: aéar amazi$ d tal$a tamazi$t. Aéar deg-s sin yeêricen z + dr (zzi + ader): di tal$a, 0 d imezzi ; azal-is yuder $ef yemvanen nniven ugaren-t akk. Si tama nniven deg-s aéar zdr (zder), ayen izedren d ayen yersen alamma d akessar (Yezder weéru deg waman). Tal$a n wawal izider (asget: izudar) d iRiReR, d yiwet n tal$a tamazi$t ara naf deg waîas yismawen: idifer, idikel, igider, iêiqel, ijifer, iziker... G-M: Asekkil R yemmal targalt. Si tama nniven, imira, ur nettaf ara igelman isuslanen di tantaliwin

timazi$in, ayen ara tser tutlayt tamazi$t deg wakuden-a itraren. Amedya, di Teqbaylit tella kan yiwet tal$a “wis” d wunti-s “tis”, maca tal$iwin n wesget, ulac. Amek ara teddu tutlayt $er zdat s waya, ma ur ngi tamu$li $er tutlayin nniven. Ma nezzi $er yismawen n téunin ad naf ala yiwen i yellan: azgen. Ar melmi, ad teqqim tutlayt n Masensen deg waddad ideg tella? D asteqsi-a i a$-ideggren ad d-nnadi meqqar tazwara n tifrat imi tagnit tella. War ma nesnulfa-d yal ta$awsa, ad neεrev ad nebnu $ef terselt yellan. Imvanen:


9922

les nombres 0-izider 10- mraw 20- snat tmerwin 1-yiwen, yan (yiwet) 11- mraw yan 30- kradet tmerwin 2-sin, sen (snat) 12- mraw sin 40- ukkuéet tmerwin 3-krad (kradet) 13- mraw krad 50-smuset tmerwin 4-ukkué (ukkuéet) 14- mraw ukkué 51- smuset tmerwin d yan 5-smus,semmus(smuset) 15- mraw smus 52- smuset tmerwin d sin 6-svis (sviset) 16- mraw svis 100-timivi 7-sa (sat) 17- mraw sa 200-snat tmav 8-îam (îamet) 18- mraw îam 203-snat tmav krad 9-téa (téat) 19- mraw téa 309-kradet tmav téa 1000- agim 2000- sin igiman 3000- krad igiman 65009- svis tmerwin semmus igiman d téa 100000- amelyun 2000000- sin imelyunen (imelyan) 1000000000- amelyar 7400532- sa imelyunen d ukkuéet tmav igiman d smuset tmav kradet tmerwin sin 17800000000-mraw sa imelyaren d îamet timav imelyunen

Timawin: 1-Ilmend usemmad n wemvan unti, nrennu t n wunti di taggara n yemvanen : si 11 ar 19, si 21 ar 29, si 31 ar 39, si 121, ar 129, si 131 ar 139… Imedyaten: 11: mraw yan inelmaden → mraw yiwet tnelmadin. 39: mraw téa yetbiren → mraw téat tetbirin. 45: ukkuéet tmerwin smus yexxamen → ukkuéet tmerwin smuset texxamin. 1346: agim kradet tmav d ukkuéet tmerwin svis iyuzav. → agim kradet tmav d ukkuéet tmerwin sviset tyuzav. 2-Zdat “igiman, imelyunen, imelyaren”, nettaru sin, krad, ukkué…


9933

Md: Sin igiman, krad imelyunen, smus imelyaren. 3-Zdat” tmerwin, tmav”, nettaru snat, kradet, ukkuéet… Md: Snat tmerwin, kradet timav, ukkuéet timav.

Ismawen n téunin: Les noms de fractions Ismawen n téunin d isuddimen n yemvanen, yal wa yemmal kan aêric si tayant: Anekrad deg-s yiwen umur si t$awsa yebvan $ef krad imuren. Ismawen n téunin $ur-sen tal$iwin n wasuf d wesget maca ur sεin ara tal$a n wunti: Azgen, anekrad, ankué, anesmus, anesvis, ansa, anîam, anetéa, anemraw - Amraw yanan, imraw yananen, amraw sinan, imraw sinanen, akrad sinan… Si 11 d asawen sεan tal$iwin igelman isuslanen.

Anekrad 1/3 Sin inekraden 2/3 Krad inekraden 3/3 Ha-ten-aya yismawen n téunin: a s u f

½ azgen ⅓ anekrad ¼ ankué 1/5 anesmus 1/6 anesvis 1/7 ansa ⅛ anîam 1/9 anetéa 1/10 anemraw 1/100 amivan 1/1000 agiman 1/10000 amraw giman 1/100000 amelyunan

a s g e t izegnan inekraden inkuéen inesmusen inesvisen insan inîamen inetéan inemrawen imivanen igimanen imraw gimanen imelyunanen


93

Tamawt: Si 1/11 d akessar, ismawen n téunin am igelman isuslanen, maca ur sεin ara tal$a n wunti. 1/11 amraw yanan, 1/12 amraw sinan, 1/13 amraw kradan, 1/14 amraw kuéan…

Igelman isuslanen: Les adjectifs numéraux ordinaux Igelman isuslanen d isuddimen n yemvanen, mmalen amyezwar gar-asen. Igelman isuslanen sεan sin yemvanen, snat tewsatin d sin waddaden, am igelman imugna. Asile$ n yeglem asuslan yettili (anagar amezwaru) di tal$a-a: a + amvan + adfir an. Md: a k r a d a n → a + krad + an [ a 3 an ] a s a n → a + sa + an [ a 7 an ](da, segmi tella tanéa, te$li yiwet te$ri “a”) A

w w a v

Amezwaru Asinan Akradan Akuéan

Ha-ten-a igelman isuslanen: AMALAY U N T I A S U F A S G E T A S U F A S G E T 1 Amezwaru Imezwura Tamezwarut Timezwura 2 Asinan Isinanen Tasinant Tisinanin 3 Akradan Ikradanen Takradant Tikradanin 4 Akuéan Ikuéanen Takuéant Tikuéanin 5 Asmusan Ismusanen Tasmusant Tismusanin 6 Asvisan Isvisanen Tasvisant Tisvisanin


94

7 Asan Isanen Tasant Tisanin 8 Aîaman Iîamanen Taîamant Tiîamanin 9 Atéan Itéanen Tatéant Titéanin 10 Amrawan Imrawanen Tamrawant Timrawanin 11 amraw yanan imraw yananen tamraw yanant timraw yananin 12 amraw sinan imraw sinanen tamraw sinant timraw sinanin 13 amraw kradan imraw kradanen tamraw kradant timraw kradanin 14 amraw kuéan imraw kuéanen tamraw kuéant timraw kuéanin 15 amraw smusan imraw smusanen tamraw smusant timraw smusanin 16 amraw svisan imraw svisanen tamraw svisant timraw svisanin 17 amraw san imraw sanen tamraw sant timraw sanin 18 amraw îaman imraw îamanen tamraw îamant timraw îamanin 19 amraw téan imraw téanen tamraw téant timraw téanin 20 asin mrawan isin mrawanen tasin mrawant tisin mrawanin

30 akrad mrawan ikrad mrawanen takrad mrawant tikrad mrawanin 40 akué mrawan ikué mrawanen takué mrawant tikué mrawanin 50 asmus mrawan ismus mrawanen tasmus mrawant tismus mrawanin 60 asvis mrawan isvis mrawanen tasvis mrawant tisvis mrawanin 70 asa mrawan isa mrawanen tasa mrawant tisa mrawanin 80 aîam mrawan iîam mrawanen taîam mrawant tiîam mrawanin 90 atéa mrawan- itéa mrawanen tatéa mrawant titéa mrawanin 100 amivan imivanen tamivant timivanin

101 amiv yanan imiv yananen tamiv yanant timiv yananin 200 asin mivan isin mivanen tasin mivant tisin mivanin 300 akrad mivan ikrad mivanen takrad mivant tikrad mivanin 400 akué mivan ikué mivanen takué mivant tikué mivannin 1 000 agiman igimanen tagimant tigimanin 2 000 asin giman isin gimanen tasin gimant tisin gimanin 3 000 akrad giman ikrad gimanen takrad gimant tikrad gimanin 1 006 agim d svisan igim d svisanen tagim d svisant tigim d svisanin


95

100 000 amiv giman imiv gimanen tamiv gimant timiv gimanin 200 000 �asin miv giman isin miv gimanen tasin miv gimant tisin miv gimanin 300 000 akrad miv giman ikrad miv gimanen takrad miv gimant tikrad miv gimanin 1 000 000 amelyunan imelyunanen tamelynant timelyunanin 2 000 000 asin melyunan isin melyunanen tasin melyunant tisin melyunanin 3 000 007 akrad melyun d san ikrad melyun d sanen takrad melyun d sant tikrad melyun d sanin 10 000 000 �amraw melyunan imraw melyunanen tamraw melyunant

timraw melyunanin 50 000 000 asmus melyunan ismus melyunanen tasmus melyunant tismus melyunanin 1 000 000 000 amelyaran imelyaranen tamelyarant timelyaranin 210 asin miv mrawan isin miv mrawanen tasin miv mrawant tisin miv mrawanin 230 asin miv krad mrawan isin miv krad mrawanen asin miv krad mrawant tisin miv krad mrawanin 4 015 akué gim d mraw smusan ikué gim d mraw smusan takué gim d mraw smusant tikué igiman d mraw smusanin 4 839 akué gim d îam timav kradet tmerwin téan ikué gim d îam timav kradet tmerwin téanen takué gim d îam timav kradet tmerwin téant tikué gim d îam timav kradet tmerwin téanin 10 000 amraw giman imraw gimanen tamraw gimant timraw gimanin 20 000 asin mraw giman isin mraw gimanen tasin mraw gimant tisin mraw gimanin


96

30 000 akrad mraw giman ikrad mraw gimanen takrad mraw gimant tikrad mraw gimanin 43 046 akué mraw krad igiman d kué tmerwin svisan ikué mraw krad igiman d kué tmerwin svisanen takué mraw krad igiman d kué tmerwin svisant tikué mraw krad igiman d kué tmerwin svidanin 43 247 akué mraw krad igiman d snat timav kué tmerwin san ikué mraw krad igiman d snat timav kué tmerwin sanen takué mraw krad igiman d snat timav kué tmerwin sant tikué mraw krad igiman d snat timav kué tmerwin sanin 391 742 akrad miv téat tmerwin yan igiman d sat timav ukkuéet tmerwin sinan ikrad miv téat tmerwin yan igiman d sat timav ukkuéet tmerwin sinanen takrad miv téat tmerwin yan igiman d sat timav ukkuéet tmerwin sinant tikrad miv téat tmerwin yan igiman d sat timav ukkuéet tmerwin sinanin 1 001 003 amelyun d wagim d kradan imelyun d wagim d kradanen tamelyun d wagim d kradan timelyun d wagim d kradanin 6 033 429 asvis imelyunen d kradet tmerwin krad igiman d ukkuéet timav snat tmerwin téan isvis imelyunen d kradet tmerwin krad igiman d ukkuéet timav snat tmerwin téanen tasvis imelyunen d kradet tmerwin krad igiman d ukkuéet timav snat tmerwin téant tisvis imelyunen d kradet tmerwin krad igiman d ukkuéet timav snat tmerwin téanin


97

Ta$uri d tira igelman isuslanen: Lecture et écriture des adjectifs numéraux ordinaux 1-/a- Di tazwara d taggara n yeglem asuslan, ur neqqar ara tmerwin, timav, igiman, imelyunen (imelyan) ne$ imelyaren: a 20 an → asin mrawan asnat tmerwinan a 300an → akrad mivan akradet timav a 25 an → asin mraw smusan asnat tmerwin smusan a 305 an → akrad mid téan akradet timav smusan a 5008 an → asmus gim d îaman / asmus igiman d îaman a 1 005 000an → amelyun d smus giman/ amelyun s smus igiman a 4 300 603an → akué melyun d kradet timav igiman d sviset timav kradan/ akué imelyunen d kradet timav igiman d sviset timav kradan b-Di tlemmast n yeglem asuslan, neqqar tmerwin, timav, igiman, imelyunen (imelyan), am deg wemvan: Imedyaten a 352 an → akrad miv smuset tmerwin sinan a 1 352 an → agim d kradet timav smuset tmerwin sinan a 35 008 an → akrad mraw smus igiman d îaman a 1 005 008 an → amelyun d smus igiman d îaman a 1 002 003 009 an→amelyar d sin imelyunen d krad igiman d téan 2-/a-Zdat tmerwin, timav, neqqar: snat, kradet, ukkuéet, smuset, sviset, sat, îamet, téat. Imedyaten a 1 250 an → agim d snat timav smusan a 1 305 an → agim d kradet timav smusan


98

b-Zdat mraw, mrawan, miv, mivan, gim, giman, melyun, melyunan, melyar, melyaran, neqqar: sin, krad, kué, smus(semmus), svis, sa, îam, téa. Imedyaten a 133 an → amiv kradet tmerwin kuéan a 220 an → asin miv sin mrawan a 1 230 an → agim d sin miv krad mrawan a 6 000 000 an → asvis melyunan a 6 000 005 an → asvis melyun d smusan a 7 000 000 000 an → asa melyaran a 7 000 000 001 an → asa melyar d yanan

Timawin: 1-Tettili “tes$unt d” ger tserkemt d tayev : Iferdisen ↔ igiman ↔ imelyunen ↔ imelyaren. éer imedyaten deg ufella. 2-Iglem asuslan yezmer ad yesεu aîas tal$iwin, am yeglem (amagnu). ADDAD ILELLI ADDAD AMARUZ

asuf amalay a------------------an u------------------an we----------------an

asget amalay i---------------anen i----------------anen ye--------------anen

asuf unti ta---------------ant t-----------------ant te----------------ant

asget unti ti--------------anin t---------------anin te--------------anin


99

Tizegzilin igelman isuslanen: Abréviations des adj. numéraux ordinaux Tizegzilin igelman isuslanen ttilint akk, akka:

Amalay Unti ASUF ASGET ASUF ASGET a1 u

a 2 an a 3 an a 4 an a 5 an a 6 an a 7 an a 8 an a 9 an

a 10 an

i 1 a i 2anen i 3 anen i 4 anen i 5 anen i 6 anen i7 anen i 8 anen i 9 anen

i 10 anen

ta 1ut ta 2ant ta 3 ant ta 4 ant ta 5 ant ta 6 ant ta 7 ant ta 8 ant ta 9 ant

ta 10 ant

ti 1a ti 2anin ti 3 anin ti 4 anin ti 5 anin ti 6 anin ti 7 anin ti 8 anin ti 9 anin

ti 10 anin a 11 an a 12 an a 13 an a 14 an a 15 an a 16 an a 17 an a 18 an a 19 an

i 11 anen i 12 anen i 13 anen i 14 anen i 15 anen i 16 anen i 17 anen i 18 anen i 19 anen

ta 11 ant ta 12 ant ta 13 ant ta 14 ant ta 15 ant ta 16 ant ta 17 ant ta 18 ant ta 19 ant

ti 11 anin ti 12 anin ti 13 anin ti 14 anin ti 15 anin ti 16 anin ti 17 anin ti 18 anin ti 19 anin

a 100 an a 1000 an a 10000 an

a 1000000 an

i 100 anen i 1000 anen

i 10000 anen i 1000000 anen

ta 100 ant ta 1000 ant

ta 10000 ant ta 1000000 ant

ti 100 anin ti 1000 anin ti 10000 anin

ti1000000 anin

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt ASENQEV

100

IIXXEEFF VVIIII : ASENQEV LA PONCTUATION Mi ara yettmeslay wemdan, ta$ect-is tettali tettader. Tikwal, nettêulfu i wawal yeêbes ne$ yennegzam, yu$al irennu. S wakka i d-ttbinint tlisa ger tefyar ne$ ger waggayen n wawalen. Yiwen umussnaw yesserwes tifyar $er iberdan, ma d asenqev $er usezmel. Tigudamin usenqev d ti:

Ticcert .……………………………… , Taneqqivt……………………………. . Ticcert tunqivt………….………….... ; Snat tneqqivin…………………...…... : Taneqqivt usesten (n tuttra)………..... ? Taneqqivt n webhat………….…….... ! Tineqqivin n wegzam………….……. … Tacciwin…………………………..… ( ) Tajerrivt…………………………...… - Tusligin………………………..…...... “ ” Asekkil ameqqran…………………… A Tannuft………………………………

Ticcert : La virgule Ticcert tettili, lad$a, ger sin wawalen deg wesmiwer, di tsamit, d ger sin isumar ilelliyen. -Azwaw isell i tezlatin n Takfarinas, Akli D, Farid Ferragi d Lunis Ayt Mangellat. -Yefsex yiîij, yu$al wass d iv.


101

-Di Tefsut Taberkant n 2001, mmuten aîas yelmeéyen, di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Taneqqivt: Le point Taneqqivt temmal taggara n tefyirt. Ad tader ta$ect, ad d-tevfer tsusmi send ad tu$al ad tali ta$ect akken ad tebdu tefyirt nniven. Nettaf-itt, da$en, di taggara n tseddart -Kfi$ ta$uri n wedlis-nni n Taher Oawut. -Nerza $er Maser akken ad néer tizamugin. -Amwiwel n tmurt n 21 Mayu 2003, yegla s waîas yemdanen d tmezdu$in. Ticcert tunqivt: Le point virgule S umata, ticcert tunqivt tettili ger sin isumar. Tettader ta$ect ugar mi ara tili ticcert, war ma yegzem wawal ger sin isumar. -Aksil d amdan iêemmlen aîas tamurt-is.Ye$ra amezruy-is; yessen idles d t$erma n wegdud-is; Yettmeslay tutlayt-is; Yerza akk $er temnavin-is. Taneqqivt usesten: Le point d’interrogation Taneqqivt usesten tkeffu yis-s tsestant tusridt. Ur tt-nesseqdac ara i tefyirt tasestant tarusridt. (èer imedyaten n tsestanin tusridin.) -Anida ara tesεeddim imuras unebdu-a? -Ad teîîfev deg wawal-nnek?


102

-Anwa i ye$zan ires-a alqayan? Taneqqivt n webhat: Le point d‘exclamation Taneqqivt n webhat tettili di taggara n tefyirt tabehtant. Tettili, da$en, di taggara n t$uyit. -Ay tecbeê tjeooigt-a ! -Ah, aqerru-inu ! -Acêal d asemmiv, assa ! Tineqqivin n wegzam: Les points de suspension Tineqqivin n wegzam zdint di kradet, ttilint ma tegzem tefyirt war ma ifukk wawal. -Di tmazirt-is, teééa tem$art ticcert, aéalim, tajilbant … -Tu$-d Lidya amendil, til$atin, tafenda d… -Efk-iyi agim idinaren akken ad d-a$e$... Tacciwin: Les parenthèses S umata, tacciwin tezzint i isalli ne$ i usegzi di tefyirt. Tamezwarut tleddi, tayev tmeddel. -Tesεa-d Jeooiga taqrurt (d tamezwarut), tga-as isem amazi$, Tilelli. -Nnegrawent tmura n Yill Agrakal (Lezzayer, Fransa, Lubnan, Lmerruk, Grik…), mtawant $ef t$ellist n temnavt-a.


103

Tajerrivt: Le tiret Tettili tjerrivt di tazwara n tefyirt, mi ara ibeddel win yettmeslayen, deg udiwenni. Di tlemmast n tefyirt, nettara ger snat tjerrivin asumer i d-ikecmen, deg-s.

Tamawt: Llan imedyazen i yesseqdacen tajerrivt deg wefyir anida i tezmer ad tesεu tsusmi azal n imesli.

Tusligin: Les guillemets Tusligin teddunt snat snat, timezwura leddint (d tineldayin), ma d tineggura meddlent (d tinemdalin). Merrsent: - Mi ad yezri umaru seg yinaw arusrid $er yinaw usrid: Yenna-as: “Mi ara awve$ $er Berlin, ad ak-d-ceyyεe$ izen.” - Deg yinaw arusrid, war snat tneqqivin: Yenna-as belli “mi ara yawev $er Berlin ad as-d-iceyyeε izen.” - Tezzint i tenfalit i yeb$a umaru ad d-imel belli ur telli d ayla-s (Ad tt-yeoo akken i tt-yenna bab-is).

Tamawt: Deg udiwenni tezzint tusligin i umeslay i d-yenna win yeddmen ameslay. Ger tusligin asenqev yettili akken iwata: Ma tella tneqqivt usesten ne$ n webhat, ntegg-itt send tusligin tinemdalin.

Asekkil ameqqran:


104

La majuscule Asekkil ameqqran ila azal usenqev imi tbeddu yis-s tefyirt. Yevvafar taneqqivt acku tekfa tefyirt ad tebdu tayev. Maca ur yettili ara deffir tneqqivt usesten ne$ n webhat d tneqqivin n wegzam. Da, nessemras asekkil ameéyan, ma d tafyirt tugzimt i irennun. Di tmedyazt beddun yefyar s usekkil ameqqran. -Anta-tt tmane$t ugellid Masensen? -D Sirta (ne$ Qsenîina) i d tamane$t ugellid Masensen. -Ay cebêit idurar n… mi ten-yeddal wedfel!

Tamawt: Nettaru da$en asekkil ameqqran di tazwara n yal isem uzzig. Imedyaten: Tadmayt, Awras, Tafna, Nijer. Fellag, Dilem, Sliman Ben Σisa.

Tannuft: Le retrait (l’alinéa) Tettili tannuft di tazwara n tseddart: d yiwen yilem i nettaooa akken ad yemmal ansi tebda tseddart.

Tamawt: Di taggara-a, tella-d tekti, tennerna aîas, d akken ur d-tettili ara tannuft-a. Ahat, tetteddu ad tettwakkes mavi.

IIXXEEFF VVIIIIII: TIWURIWIN N YISEM

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt TIWURIWIN N YISEM

105

FONCTIONS NOMINALES Tawuri n yisem ne$ n wawal nniven d ayen itegg di tefyirt. Llant twuriwin rzant amyag, ma d tiyev rzant isem. Tiwuriwin yerzan amyag d ti:

Asemmad usrid Asemmad arusrid Isemmaden inez$anen Isemmaden war tanze$t

Tiwuriwin yerzan isem d ti::

Isemmaden isegzayen imuraz Isemmaden isegzayen ilelliyen Isemmaden igucclanen Asemmad ilelli Asemmad ilelli usiwel

ASEMMAD USRID: C.O.D Asemmad usrid yemmal tagmest ne$ ta$awsa i$ef tevra tigawt n

wemyag asenvan i yevvafar. Assa$ gar-asen d tigawt imi tettili di tuget n yemyagen. Adeg-is di tefyirt, deffir wemyag, deffir usemmad asegzay umeggay (ne$ n wubdir) ne$ deffir wuddid n wemyag arusrid: -Tura tabrat i gma-s. → deffir wemyag -Tura teqcict tabrat i gma-s. → deffir usemmad asegzay -Tura-as tabrat i gma-s. → deffir wuddid n wemyag arusrid


106

Asemmad usrid yettili d isem, d aggay isman, d iglem, d amqim, d amernu, d uddid n wemyag ne$ d asumer. -Nlemmed amezruy. → d isem -Nlemmed amezruy n Tmaz$a. → d aggay isman -Yeddem amellal, yeooa aberkan. → d iglem -Ddem wa, teooev winna. → d amqim -Yura aîas. → d amernu -Yura-tî. → d uddid n wemyag -Yeb$a ad d-ya$ aselkim. → d asumer

Timawin: 1-Asemmad usrid, addad-is d ilelli, ur iteqqen ara s tenze$t. Yettak-d tiririt i isestan (tuttriwin): Acu? Anwa? ( Anta? Anwi? Anti?) 2-Di tefyirt “ $ur-s aydi, wergaz-inna.” Aydi d asemmad usrid. Anamek n tefyirt “Yesεa aydi, wergaz-inna”.

ASEMMAD ARUSRID: C.O.I Asemmad arusrid yemmal tagmest ne$ ta$awsa i terza tigawt n wemyag. Iteqqen s tenze$t “i”. S umata, adeg-is di tefyirt, yettili: deffir usemmad usrid, deffir wemyag ne$ deffir usemmad asegzay amaruz. -Tuzen takarva i tselmadt. → deffir usemmad usrid -Tuzen i tselmadt takarva. → deffir wemyag -Tuzen Masilya i tselmadt, takarva.→ deffir usemmad asegzay


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Timawin: 1-Asemmad arusrid, addad-is d amaruz. Yettak-d tiririt i usesten “iwumi, imumi, iwimi?” Iwumi tuzen Masilya takarva? i tselmadt. 2-Mi ara yilin sin wuddiden n wemyag, yalass d arusrid i izewwiren usrid. Tura - as - tt. Ad - as - tt - taru. amyag + uddid arusrid + uddid usrid uddid arusrid + usrid + amyag

ISEMMADEN INEZ£ANEN: Compléments prépositionnels Asemmad anez$an yessegzay-d tagnit ideg tverru tigawt n wemyag, iteqqen s tenze$t. Isemmaden inez$anen ggten, ad nwali wid yettuseqdacen s waîas:

1. Asemmad anez$an n wadeg: [Anida? Ansi?...] Complément prépositionnel de lieu Yensa Masil, di Tegzirt.

Yu$al-d weqcic, si teftist.

2. Asemmad anez$an n wakud: [ Melmi?] Complément prépositionnel de temps

Yettili usemmiv, di tegrest. Yewwet ugeffur, deg yiv.

3. Asemmad anez$an n t$ara: [ Amek ?]

Complément prépositionnel de manière Yezger abrid, s tazzla. Nesεedda ussan, di tumert (lferê).

4. Asemmad anez$an n wallal: [ S wayes?]

Complément prépositionnel de moyen


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Yettidir igellil, s usirem. Yegzem aksum, s ujenwi.

5. Asemmad anez$an n tdukli: [Wukkud?]

Complément prépositionnel d’accompagnement Ksan izamaren, d wuccen. Truê $er Yemma Guraya, d baba-s.

6. Asemmad anez$an n yeswi: [ Ay$er? I wacu?]

Complément prépositionnel de but Yeqqar aîas , i wesnerni n weswir-is.

U$en-d aεejmi, i tmecrevt.

7. Asemmad anez$an n tmentilt: [Ay$er? Seg wacu?] Complément prépositionnel de cause

Yemmut wefrux, si fad. La yettergigi, seg usemmiv.

8. Asemmad anez$an userwes: [Am wacu? Am wanwa? Amek?]

Complément prépositionnel de comparaison Dihya tecbeê, am wayyur.

Tettaru tnelmadt-a, am uselmad-is.

Tamawt: Asemmad anez$an, addad-is d amaruz slid ma yedded s yiwet si tenza$-a: ar, war (bla) d s n tnila.

ISEMMADEN WAR TANZE£T: COMPLEMENTS CIRCONSTANCIELS Am isemmaden inez$anen, isemmaden war tanze$t ssegzayen-d tagnit ideg tverru tigawt n wemyag maca ur teqqnen ara s tenze$t:


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1. Asemmad war tanze$t n wadeg: [Anida ?]

C.C. de lieu -Ad nebnu axxam, daki. -Nufa is$aren, dinna.

2. Asemmad war tanze$t n wakud: [Melmi ?] C.C. de temps

-Ad nesserwet irden, azekka. -Yemger ufellaê timéin, ivelli.

3. Asemmad war tanze$t n t$ara: [Amek ?]

C.C.de manière -Tgen teqcict, tinegnit. -Tenna tyemmat i mmi-s: Eçç, akka.

4. Asemmad war tanze$t n tesmekta: [Acêal ? Annect ?]

C.C.de qualité Asemmad war tanze$t n tesmekta yemmal ayen nezmer ad t-nesket ne$ ad t-nessiven: adrim, akud, taéayt, tajumma…

-Itett, aîas. -Teswa tsegnit, adinar. -Yewzen wergaz, aqentar. -Nessεedda ayyur, di Tubiret. -Te$ra smus iseggasen, di tesdawit. -Nedda mraw ikilumitren, $ef uvar.

5. Asemmad war tanze$t usegzi:

C.C.d’explication (C.C. interne) -Tettaru tira uselmad. -Tettaru tira igerrzen. -Yettaru yir tira.


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Tamawt: Asemmad war tanze$t, addad-is d ilelli.

ISEMMADEN ISEGZAYEN: COMPLEMENTS EXPLICATIFS

Asemmad asegzay yessegzay-d tamagit n wawal i isemmed (anwa? acu?). Ma yella zdat-s, ad yili waddad-is d ilelli. Ma yella deffir-s, ad yili waddad-is d amaruz. -Afrux yufeg.------------------- d ilelli. -Yufeg wefrux.----------------- d amaruz.

Isemmaden isegzayen d wi: 1-asegzay umeggay C.E de sujet actif 2-asegzay n wubdir C.E. de sujet inactif(C.E de l’évoqué) 3- asegzay n wuddid n wemyag usrid C.E. d’affixe du verbe direct 4- asegzay n wuddid n wemyag arusrid C.E d’affixe du verbe indirect 5- asegzay n tenze$t C.E. de préposition 6- asegzay n yeglem C.E. d’adjectif qualificatif 7- asegzay n yisem C.E. de nom 8- asegzay n wemqim C.E.de pronom 9- asegzay n wuddid n wesnekdan C.E.d’affixe de présentatif 10- asegzay n wuddid n usestan C.E. d’affice d’interrogatif


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Tafelwit isemmaden isegzayen: Tableau des complément explicatifs:

ASEMMAD

ASEGZAY → ILELLI

« THEMATISATION» → AMARUZ

« COMP. REFERENCIELS »

umeggay Amedyaz yura asefru. Yura umedyaz asefru. n wubdir Aqcic yettwet. Yettwet weqcic. n wuddid n

wemyag usrid Tabrat-nni, tura-tt. Tura-tt, tebrat-nni.

n wuddid n wemyag arusrid

Anelmad-a, fkan-as arraz.

Fkan-as arraz, unelmad-a.

n wuddid n tenze$t

Tacmuxt, tga deg-s, aman.

Tga deg-s aman, tecmuxt.

n yeglem Aqendur-is d amerku. D amerku uqendur-is. n yisem Winna, d anemhal. D anemhal, winna. n wemqim Anaddal, d wa. D wa, unaddal. n wuddid n

wesnekdan Aselway, ha-t. Ha-t, uselway.

n wuddid usestan

Tasarut, anida-tt? Anida-tt, tsarut?

Timawin: 1-Asemmad asegzay yettili d isem, d iglem ne$ d amqim udmawan ilelli, ameskan, asestan ne$ arbadu. 2-Asemmad asegzay umeggay yemmal win ixedmen tigawt: Amedya: Amedyaz yura asefru. Anamek-is: Amedyaz yemmal win igan tigawt n tira. Asemmad asegzay n wubdir ibedder (yemmal) win i$ef tevra tigawt. Imedyaten: Aqcic yettwet. Anamek-is: Aqcic tevra fell-as tigawt n tyita = Aqcic yu$ tiyita. Yegzem webrid.


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Anamek-is: Yegzem ahat seg wedfel ne$ d imdanen i t-igezmen maca, abrid yebder-d win i$ef tevra tigawt n wegzam.

ISEMMADEN IGUCCLANEN: COMPLEMENTS DETRMINATIFS Asemmad agucclan yettguccul isem (amqim, iglem, amernu) wi$er yurez s tenze$t n ne$ srid, ma d amaruz yebdan s te$ri u ne$ i.

Tamurt_Umazi$ → Tamurt d ayla Umazi$ Tamurt_Imazi$en → Tamurt d ayla Imazi$en Tamurt n Masensen → Tamurt d ayla n Masensen

Isemmaden igucclanen d wi:

1. Asemmad n yisem: Complément de nom

-Awal n Rebbi, $ri$-t. -Tamurt Umazi$, meqqret.

2. Asemmad umernu: Complément d’adverbe

-Drus n wedrim i yellan. -Aîas yegvav i ila Sifaks.

3. Asemmad n yeglem: Complément d’adj. qualificatif

-Qasi d ahrawan uqadum. -Yuba d amezwaru n tne$rit.

4. Asemmad n wemqim: Complément de pronom

-D win n wexxam i itett.


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-Ile$man-a d wid Uheggar.

5. Asemmad n wemvan: Complément de nombre

-Snat tnelmadin, ur d-usint ara. -£ri$ krad yedlisen n Mulud At Mεemmer.

Timawin: 1-Asemmad agucclan, addad-is d amaruz. 2-Asemmad aguccclan, yettili: ◊ d isem: Azal n tegmat meqqer. ◊ d aggay isman: Ta d tamurt n wegdud amazi$. ◊ d amernu: Timlilit n yivelli tgerrez. ◊ d iglem: Taferka umeéyan, d asuki. ◊ d amqim: Taferka n wa, tekrez. ◊ d amvan: Taferka n yiwen, tekrez. ◊ d uddid n yisem: Tamurt-is, iga-as azal. ◊ d uddid n wemqim: Wid-nsen, êerzen-ten. ◊ d uddid umeskan: Akal-a, n wegdud amazi$.

ASEMMAD ILELLI: L’APPOSITION Asemmad ilelli yemmal isem (ne$ awal) i isemmed. S umata, tettili gar-asen ticcert ne$ snat tneqqivin.

-Aksil, gma-s, yeqqar di Bumerdas. (≠Aksil, gma-s yeqqar di Bumerdas). -Yessaram uder$al yiwet t$awsa: tafat.


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Tamawt: Asemmad ilelli yettili deffir wawal i isemmed (yevvafar-it srid).

ASEMMAD ILELLI USIWEL: L’APOSTROPHE: Asemmad ilelli usiwel yettili, iman-is kan ne$ tettili zdat-s tzel$a usiwel a .

-Masil, kker ad truêev s a$erbaz. -Kker, a Masil, ad truêev s a$erbaz. -Kker, a argaz ad d-tesskeflev izerfan-ik.

Timawin: 1-Asemmad usiwel yezmer ad yili di tazwara, di tlemmast ne$ di taggara n tefyirt. 2-Zdat te$ri, xas nessusruy « ay argaz », nettaru « a argaz ».èer tanéa s imesli « y ».

TA£UYIT « TAZEL£A N N WEBHAT » : L’INTERJECTION

Ta$uyit d yiwen wawal ur nkeccem ara deg usumer. Tikwal,

tettili d imesli ne$ d asu$u n wemdan: Ay ! Uk ! Aê ! Uf ! Ccett ! Mi ara tili t$uyit di tefyirt, ntegg deffir-s ticcert, nrennu taneqqivt n webhat di taggara n tefyirt ideg tella. -Aê, la tgezzem tεebbuvt-iw !

Ta$uyit temmal tumert, anemrat, abhat, tandemmit, awelleh…

• Tumert Uk, wwi$-d akayad n Bak, a yemma! • Anemrat Aê, la tgezzem tεebbuvt-iw! • Abhat Ay, ay $ezzif wergaz-inna!


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• Tandemmit Ah, lemmer xedme$ tamurt-iw, assa ad $ellten warraw-iw!

• Awelleh Ccett, $ur-k ad d-tessikiv gma-k! IIXXEEFF IIXX : AKUDEN IMYAGANEN: TEMPS VERBAUX

Akud yebva $ef kradet tallitin tigejdanin: izri, amiran d yimal.

Tigawt tezmer ad tevru di yiwet seg-sent.

a. izri (= zik): -Tewwi Lezzayer azarug-is, di 1962.

b. Amiran (= tura):

-La yettna$ wegdud $ef tugdut.

c. Imal (= akud ara d-yasen): -Ad nesfugel amulli-nnes, azekka. Azenzi$ 1: Schéma 1 Ivelli Tura Azekka ►▬▬▬▬▬▬▬/////////////////▬▬▬▬▬▬▬► yeksa (izri) la ikess (amiran) ad yeks (imal) Azenzi$ 2: Imu$an Schéma 2: les participes

►▬▬▬▬▬/////////////////▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬► yeksan (la) ikessen ara yeksen ama$un n yezri ama$un n wurmir ussid ama$un n wurmir

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt AKUDEN IMYAGANEN

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IZRI : LE PRETERIT (LE PASSE) Izri d timeéri yemmalen ayen yevran, yezrin, ifukken. Llant tegnatin ideg i d-keccmen imallalen i d-yeskanen akud ne$ amek ttemyezwirent tigawin ne$ tidyanin. Tal$a tilawt: Forme affirmative Tal$a tilawt terza tigawt yevran (ne$ yellan). Deg imedyaten-a tevra tigawt n tira:

• -Uran inelmaden tamsirt. • -Mi ara yeffe$ uselmad, inelmaden ad ilin uran tamsirt • -Mi yeffe$ uselmad, inelmaden llan uran tamsirt. • -Mi yeffe$ uselmad, uran inelmaden tamsirt.

Tal$a tibawt: Forme négative Tal$a tibawt terza tigawt ur nevri, ur nverru, ne$ ayen ur nelli ur nettili. Deg imedyaten-a ur tevri ara tigawt n tira: :

• -Ur urin ara inelmaden tamsirt. • -Mi ara yeffe$ uselmad, ad ilin inelmaden ur urin ara tamsirt. • -Mi yeffe$ uselmad, llan inelmaden ur urin ara tamsirt. • -Mi yeffe$ uselmad, ur urin ara inelmaden tamsirt.


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URMIR: L’AORISTE Urmir d timeéri yemmalen tigawt taêerfit. Akud ideg tverru temmal-it tegzi n tefyirt ideg yella wemyag. Amyag yezmer ad yili s tzel$a ne$ war tazel$a. 1-Urmir s tzel$a n yimal “ad”: Aoriste avec participe du futur « ad » Urmir s tzel$a n yimal ad yemmal: imal, asirem, asfillet. a-Imal: Futur -Ad d-yas Masil, sellazekka. b-Asfillet: Optatif -Ad awen-yefk Rebbi ayen teb$am!

c-Asfillet ibaw: Optatif négatif -Awer tafem talwit.

Tamawt: “Awer” temmal asfillet ibaw.“Awer” d tazel$a n wesfillet ibaw.[Awer = ad + ur]

d-Inaw asnegman: Discours didactique


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-Ad tazen mmi-s $er yiger, ad d-yekkes tajilbant, ad d-yernu tife$wa.

e-Asumer imsentel asaman: Proposition subordonnée juxtaposée

-Teb$a ad teddu Silya $er Tunes. 2-Urmir s tzel$a n yimal “ara”: Aoriste avec particule du futur « ara » S umata, aseqdec n tzel$a n yimal « ara », yegget d uma$un.

a-Ama$un n wurmir: Participe de l’aoriste -D nettat ara yezden abernus. b-Ama$un n wurmir, deg usumer amassa$: Participe de l’aoriste,dans une proposition relative -Tin ara yeéden abernus d Kahina. c-Amyag yeftin, deg usumer amassa$: Verbe conjugué, dans une proposition relative -Abernus ara teéd Kahina d amellal.

3-Urmir war tazel$a: Aoriste sans particule

a-Asunvan uvfir: Injonctif enchaîné

-Ssired ivarren-ik, tkecmev usu. -Megret irden, tessrewtem. -Kerzet iger, teééum-t d afeqqus. b-Asfillet uvfir:


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Optatif enchaîné

-Ad awen-yefk Rebbi talwit, yefk-ane$-tt. -Ad ak-yefk Rebbi tumert, yefk-iyi-tt. c- Urmir uvfir: (deg wullis ne$ di tmacahut) Aoriste enchaîné

« ...Nufa aîas yergazen d tsednan, di tili n temsunin, niwev tama-nsen, ini zulen-ane$-d, inin-ane$-d: azul, ansuf yis-wen. Nekkni, nerr-asen: Azul fell-awen, aql-a$ nerza-d $er tmurt-nwen tahuskayt, s tumert tameqqrant. Ini bdun azmumeg, acrah iban $ef wudmawen-nsen..”

d-Asunvan: Injonctif -Ar d-yas, tessutrev-as ayen teb$iv. -Mi d-yu$al, tiniv-as.

URMIR USSID: AORISTE INTENSIF Urmir ussid d timeéri yemmalen tigawt yettalsen ne$ inezzgen i iverrun deg yezri, deg umiran ne$ deg yimal. Akud yemmal-it umernu, amallal, tazel$a ne$ tigzi n tefyirt.

1-Urmir ussid war tazel$a:

Aoriste intensif sans particule a-Tanumi: -Téerrew Baya di tesdawit n Bgayet. -Ur tzerrew ara Baya di tesdawit n Bgayet.

b-Izri:

-Zik, tzerrew Baya di tesdawit n Bgayet. -Zik, ur tzerrew ara Baya di tesdawit n Bgayet.


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-Tella Baya tzerrew di tesdawit n Bgayet. -Ur telli ara Baya tzerrew di tesdawit n Bgayet.

2-Urmir ussid s tzel$a: Aoriste avec particule

a-Amiran: Présent -Kahina la téevv abernus. -Kahina ur la téevv ara abernus. b-Imal : Futur Deg unebdu-a, yal ass, ad d-ntekkes tibexsisin. Deg unebdu-a, ur d-ntekkes ara, yal ass, tibexsisin.

IMALLALEN: Les auxiliaires Di tutlayt tamazi$t, llan kra n yemyagen merrsen d imallalen n wakud. Nrennu amallal zdat wemyag akken ad d-imel akud ideg tverru tigawt. Xas akken ddeqs imallalen i yellan, sin kan i nessemras s waîas ili, a$.


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Amallal “ili”: L’auxiliaire “ili”

TIMEèRA TAL£A TILAWT TAL£A TIBAWT IZRI IZRI Nella nugem aman. Nella ur nugim ara aman.

Ur nelli ara nugem aman. URMIR Nella ad nagem

aman. Nella ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nelli ara ad nagem aman.

URMIR USSID

Nella nettagem aman.

Nella ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nelli ara nettagem aman.

URMIR IZRI Ad nili nugem aman.

Ad nili ur nugim ara aman. Ur nettili ara nugem aman.

URMIR Ad nili ad nagem aman.

Ad nili ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nettili ara ad nagem aman.

URMIR USSID

Ad nili nettagem aman.

Ad nili ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nettili ara nettagem. aman.

URMIR USSID

IZRI Nettili nugem aman. Nettilli ur nugim ara aman. Ur nettili ara nugem aman.

URMIR Nettili ad nagem aman.

Nettili ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nettili ara nettagem aman.

URMIR USSID

Nettili nettagem aman.

Nettili ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nettili ara nettagem aman.


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Amallal « a$ »: L’auxiliaire « a$

TIMEèRA Tal$a tilawt Tal$a tibawt IZRI IZRI Tu$ nugem aman. Tu$ ur nugim ara aman.

Ur tu$ ara nugem aman. URMIR Tu$ ad nagem

aman. Tu$ ur nettagem ara aman. Ur tu$ ara ad nagem aman.

URMIR USSID

Tu$ nettagem aman.

Ur tu$ ara nettagem aman. Tu$ ur nettagem ara aman.

URMIR IZRI Ad ta$ nugem aman.

Ur tetta$ ara nugem aman. Ad ta$ ur nugim ara aman.

URMIR Ad ta$ ad nagem aman.

Ur tetta$ ara ad nagem aman. Ad ta$ ur nettagem ara aman.

URMIR USSID

Ad ta$ nettagem aman.

Ur tetta$ ara nettagem aman. Ad ta$ ur nettagem ara aman.

URMIR USSID

IZRI Tetta$ nugem aman.

Tetta$ ur nugim ara aman. Ur tetta$ ara nugem aman.

URMIR Tetta$ ad nagem aman.

Tetta$ ur nettagem ara aman. Ur tetta$ ara ad nagem aman.

URMIR USSID

Tetta$ nettagem aman.

Tetta$ ur nettagem ara aman. Ur tetta$ ara nettagem aman.


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Tamawt : Tal$a tibawt tettili deg umallal kan ne$ deg wemyag kan: Tu$ nugem aman. Tu$ ur nugim ara aman. Ur tu$ ara nugem aman. Nella nugem aman. Nella ur nugim ara aman. Ur nelli ara nugem aman.

Aserwes ger sin imallalen “ili, a$”: Comparaison entre les deux auxiliaires « ili, a$ » :

Tasemlilt: Synthèse Amallal “ili” ifetti d wudem wi$er yefti wemyag.

TIMEèRA

AMALLAL ILI

AMALLAL A£ WAR

UDDID S WUDDID

IZRI IZRI Llan uran. Tu$ uran. Tu$-iten uran. URMIR Llan ad arun. Tu$ ad arun. Tu$-iten ad arun. URMIR USSID

Llan ttarun. Tu$ ttarun. Tu$-iten ttarun.

URMIR IZRI Ad ilin uran. Ad ta$ uran. Ad ten-ta$ uran. URMIR Ad ilin ad

arun. Ad ta$ ad arun.

Ad ten-ta$ ad arun.

URMIR USSID

Ad ilin ttarun. Ad ta$ ttarun. Ad ten-ta$ ttarun.

URMIR USSID

IZRI Ttilin uran. Tetta$ uran. Tetta$-iten uran. URMIR Ttilin ad arun. Tetta$ ad

arun. Tetta$-iten ad arun.

URMIR USSID

Ttilin ttarun. Tetta$ ttarun. Tetta$-iten ttarun.


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Amallal “a$” ifetti kan $er yiwen wudem: udem akradan n wasuf unti 3.sf.nt. “nettat”. Amallal “a$” yezmer ad yeqqen $ur-s wuddid n wemyag usrid. Uddid n wemyag yevvafar udem wi$er yefti wemyag.

Imallalen nniven: Autres auxillaires Wi d imallalen i ur nettuseqdac ara aîas, mmalen beddu n tigawt, fettin $er wudem wi$er yefti wemyag:

Bdu → Yebda la d-yekkat wedfel. Kker → Yekker ad iruê, bdan imeîîawen. Wwet → Tewwet la tettnadi fell-as, ur tt-tufi ara. Ezg → Tezga tettraou tu$alin n mmi-s. Ddu → Iteddu ad yeffe$, yessiwel-as gma-s. U$al → Yessired ivarren-is, yu$al yevves. Ïîef → Teîîef tessen$el abuqal-nni n yi$i. Qqim → Neqqim nettraou-t armi d-ye$li yiv.

ANAV D WANAV USSID: IMPERATIF ET IMPERATIF INTENSIF 1- Anav: L’impératif Anav d timeéri yemmalen tasunva ne$ asuter n tigawt. Deg umedya « Kcem, zik, s axxam.» → Amyag kcem yefti $er wanav, tigawt tezmer ad tevru yiwet tikkelt kan, tigawt d taêerfit. 2- Anav ussid: L’impératif intensif


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Anav ussid d timeéri yemmalen tasunva ne$ asuter n tigawt, maca di tal$a tussidt. Deg umedya “Keccem, zik, s axxam.”→ Amyag kcem yefti $er wanav ussid, tigawt unekcum tezmer ad tevru aîas tikwal, maçi yiwet tikkelt kan. Taseftit-nsen: Am wanav am wanav ussid, fettin kan d wudem a2an : asuf, asget (amalay + unti). Taseftit-nsen, tettili d yemqimen-a: keç (kem), kunwi, kunemti. Tal$a-nsen tibawt: Anav ur yesεi ara tal$a tibawt, maca yezmer ad d-yawi (ad d-

yervel) tal$a tibawt n wanav ussid. → Tal$a tilawt: Kcem, zik, s axxam. → Tal$a tibawt: Ur keccem ara, zik, s axxam. Di tal$a tibawt n wanav ussid, amyag ur yettbeddil ara. Irennu-d

kan $ur-s umernu n tibawt. → Tal$a tilawt: Keccem, zik, s axxam. → Tal$a tibawt: Ur keccem ara, zik, s axxam.


126

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt TAFYIRT D USUMER

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IIXXEEFF XX: TAFYIRT D USUMER: PHRASE ET PROPOSITION Tettili teywalt ger yemdanen s wawalen yettemyevfaren i

ssemrasen. Yal awal s unamek-is. S wakka i d-yettlal yinaw (ameslay). Yal inaw deg-s yiwet tefyirt ne$ ugar. Tifyar bvant $ef 04 yeêricen ilmend n yinaw: Tafyirt taselkant (tamse$rut):

La phrase déclarative Yal ass, ixeddem deg yiger. Tafyirt tasunvant (tamanavt):

La phrase impérative U$al-d $er wexxam, zik. Tafyirt tasestant (tamattart):

La phrase interrogative Melmi ara d-tili tfaska? Tafyirt tabehtant:

La phrase exclamative Ay tecbeê tefsut! Tafyirt d aggay n wawalen i yezdin gar-asen akken ad d-fken kra

n tekti. Di tira, tzewwir s usekkil ameqqran tkeffu s tneqqivt, s tneqqivt usesten, n webhat ne$ s tneqqivin n wegzam. Tafyirt i igebren yiwen usumer neqqar-as tafyirt taêerfit. Tafyirt i igebren aîas isumar, d tafyirt tuddist.


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TAFYIRT TAËERFIT: PHRASE SIMPLE Tafyirt taêerfit deg-s yiwet tinawt d usemmad ne$ d waîas isemmaden. Tin ilan tinawt tamyagant taddayt d tafyirt tamyagant, ma d tin ilan tinawt war amyag taddayt d tafyirt taramyagant. Tafyirt tamyagant: Phrase verbale èer imedyaten-a:

1- Temsel tabuqalt. 2- Temsel teqcict tabuqalt. 3- Temsel-as teqcict tabuqalt. 4- Temsel-as-tt i nanna-s. 5- Temsel-as-tt, ivelli. 6- Temsel teqcict tabuqalt i nanna-s, ivelli.

Tifyar-a akk d timyaganin acku deg-sent tinawt tamyagant d yiwen usemmad ne$ ugar. Ad naf:

1- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + asemmad usrid. 2- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + asemmad usrid + asemmad

asegzay. 3- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + uddid arusrid + asemmad

asegzay+ asemmad usrid. 4- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + uddid arusrid + uddid usrid +

asemmad arusrid. 5- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + uddid arusrid + uddid usrid +

amernu. 6- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + asemmad asegzay + asemmad

usrid + asemmad arusrid + amernu.


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Tafyirt taramyagant: Phrase non verbale Neqqar-as tafyirt taramyagant acku d tafyirt taêerfit ideg ulac amyag. Tegber tinawt war amyag taddayt. Tinawt-a war amyag taddayt tezmer ad tesεu aîas tal$iwin n sin iferdisen:

a- Tazel$a n tilawt “d” + isem (ne$ awal i t-yemmalen). b- Tanze$t + isem (ne$ awal i t-yemmalen). c- Asnekdan + uddid-is. d- Tinawt tarlugant: (deg-s iferdisen nniven, mgaraden $ef

wid n kradet tal$iwin ufella). a-Tazel$a n tilawt d + isem: Particule d’affirmation d + nom Deg wadeg n yisem nezmer ad naf awal (nniven) i t-yemmalen: D + isem → D izem. D + iglem → D taberkant. D + amqim ameskan → D winna. D + amqim arbadu → D wayev. D + aggay isman → D tafsut taberkant.

Tamawt: Am di tefyirt tamyagant, zemren ad d-rnun isemmaden $er tinawt war amyag taddayt: D taberkant. D taberkant teqcict-a.

b- Tanze$t ( am, deg, n, $er…) + isem: Préposition + nom Tanze$t n + isem:

Préposition n + nom -N tselmadt wedlis-a.


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Tanze$t n + amqim ameskan: Préposition n + pronom démonstratif -N taki wedlis-a. Tanze$t n + iglem:

Préposition n + adjectif -N tmeqqrant wedlis-a. Uddid n yisem: n + sen, n + wen, n + sent.

Affixe de nom -Nsen -Nsent -Nwen wedlis-a. Asemmad agucclan yezmer ad yessile$ iman-is kan tafyirt

taramyagant: Complément déterminatif -Uselmad wedlis-a (= n uselmad). Tanze$t + isem:

Préposition + nom :: -Yezga Wakli deg yiger. -D amellal am wedfel. Tanze$t + amqim ameskan:

Préposition + pronom démonstratif -£er, deg waki. � -Xedmet, am winna. Tanze$t + iglem:

Préposition + adjectif -Deg umeqqran. -Am umeqqran. Tanze$t + amqim udmawan (uddid ne$ ilelli):

Préposition + pronom personnel (lié ou autonome) -Ires-a deg-s aîas waman.


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-Inuda fell-ak gma-k. -Ma tusmev fell-as, éwer am netta. c-Asnekdan + uddid-is: Présentatif + son affixe Awalen “aql” d “ha” ur sεin ara adeg di tjerrumt. Ur llin d

imyagen ur llin d tinza$ ne$ d imerna… Ad asen-nsemmi isnekdanen, imi ssenkaden ayen yemmal yisem. Asnekdan iteqqen $ur-s wuddid s tjerrivt n tuqqna, neqqar-as

uddid n wesnekdan. Tikwal, trennu-d $ur-s tzel$a n tnila “id”, “in” , "a”, “an” ne$ “aya”. A q l - i k. → Aql-ik-id. Aql-ik-in. H a - t e n. → Ha-ten-id. Ha-ten-aya. Ha-ten-a. Ha-ten-an. (Asnekdan + uddid)→ (Asnekdan + uddid + tazel$a n tnila)

Tamawt: £er waya, zemren ad d-rnun isemmaden: Ha-ten wakraren deg yiger. asemmad asegzay + asemmad n wadeg

Asemres n wesnekdan: Emploi du présentatif Nessemras asnekdan aql deg wudmawen: a1u d u2an (asuf d

wesget, amalay d wunti). Nessemras asnekdan ha deg wudem a3an (asuf d wesget, amalay

d wunti). Deg wudem a1u d wudem a2an, nezmer ad nernu tizel$iwin n

tnila id d in: Aql-ikem-id / Aql-ikem-in.


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Deg wudem a3an, nezmer ad nernu tazel$a n tnila “a”, “aya”. Azal i tla d azal n tzel$a n tnila “-d” i iteqqnen $er wemyag: -Ha-tt-a. Ha-tt-aya. Ha-ten-a. Ha-ten-aya. -A-tt-a. A-tt-aya. (Mi ara tili yid-s tzel$a a ne$ aya, asnekdan ha yezmer ad yesεu tal$a a). Asemres n wesnekdan d wuddiden-is s wudmawen: Emploi du présentatif et ses affixes personnels a1u.sf: aql-i, aql-iyi. a1u.gt.m: aql-a$, aql-ane$. a1u.gt.nt: aql-ante$. a2an.sf.m: aql-ik, aql-ak. a2.gt.m: aql-iken, aql-aken. a2an.sf.nt: aql-ikem, aql-akem. a2.gt.nt: aql-ikent, aql-akent. a3an.sf.m: ha-t. a3an.gt.m: ha-ten. a3an.sf.nt: ha-tt. a3an.gt.nt: ha-tent. d- Tinawt tarlugant: Enoncé irrégulier -Ddeqs-ik. Akka-t. Amernu + uddid-is. -Anwa-t? Acu-tt? Asestan + uddid-is. -Ulac tirugza di tmurt. Awal uddis (=Ur +yelli +c), di Tcawit. -Ulay$er. Awal uddis (=Ur +yelli + ay$er). TAFYIRT TUDDIST: PHRASE COMPLEXE Tafyirt tuddist deg-s sin isumar ne$ ugar, yettili gar-asen wassa$ n tuqqna ne$ usentel: s tes$unt ne$ s tsamit. Isumar i tgebber tefyirt tuddist zemren ad ilin:


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-D isumar uqqinen: Teqqnen gar-asen s tes$unt n tuqqna, ma d isamanen tettili gar-asen ticcert, ticcert tunqivt ne$ snat tneqqivin. Tas$unt n tuqqna tetteqqen da$en ger sin wawalen ne$ sin isumar n yiwet twuri, maca tetteqqen ger sin wawalen ne$ waggayen n wawalen n yiwet twuri, éer imedyaten-a: Ad teswev aman ne$ i$i ?→ (Asemmad usrid + asemmad usrid) Ixeddem, deg yiv, yeggan, deg uzal. asumer ilelli 1 asumer ilelli 2 -D asumer imsentel: Asumer imsentel yettili-d usentel-nnes $er usumer agejdan s wawal asental (amqim amassa$, tas$unt usentel, amernu, tane$t, asestan). Asumer imsentel asaman yettili-d usentel-is $er usumer agejdan s tsamit (srid). Asumer imsentel yezmer ad yili d amassa$, d as$unan, d asestan ne$ d asaman. Ha-tent-a tal$iwin isumar imsental: Asumer imsentel amassa$:

Proposition subordonnée relative -Yelsa wasin abernus i as-teéda Ranida. Asumer imsentel as$unan:

Proposition subordonnée conjonctive -Yessewjed iman-is akken ad yeffe$. Asumer imsentel asestan:

Proposition subordonnée interrogative -Yemla-as amek ttidiren imezda$en Uheggar. Asumer imsentel asaman:

Proposition subordonnée juxtaposée -B$an warrac ad gnen, zik.


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Tamawt: Asumer imsentel d asumer i ilan, di tefyirt tuddist, tawuri n wawal. Asumer agejdan d asumer wi$er yurez usumer imsentel. Asumer ilelli d asumer ur nelli d agejdan ur nelli d imsentel.

TUQQNA : LA COORDINATION Di tuqqna, isumar d ilelliyen yettili gar-asen wassa$ usefren, n tenmegla, n tmentilt, n tegrayt, userdes, n tibawt, n wenvan… Asefren: L’alternative -Ad teswev ikkil ne$ ad teççev iselman ? -Ixeddem deg yiger-is, ama ireqq yiîij ama iteqqes usemmiv. Tanmegla: L’opposition -Yeêrec Yuba, maca yif-it Masil. -D ameéyan, yerna yessexdam-it. Tamentilt: La cause -Yenfel wasif acku yewwet aîas ugeffur. -Yuven Mêend acku ur yessizdig ara. Tagrayt: La conséquense -Yekcem-d uselmad, d$a bedden inelmaden. -Ur yessizdig ara, daymi yeîîef avvan.


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Aserdes: La gradation -Temsel tabuqalt, yerna terqem-itt. Tibawt: La négation -Ur itett la afeqqus la ifires. Anvan: La transition -Zi$ meqqret, tura, tinna i d-ooi$ tettmurud. -£ille$ tegnev, zi$ tukiv. TASAMIT: LA JUXTAPOSITION Di tsamit, isumar teqqnen, gar-asen, s ticcert, s ticcert tunqivt ne$ s snat tneqqivin. -Temsel tacmuxt, teqqed-itt. -Yu$-d a$rum, akeffay d tisent. Di tal$a tibawt, ulac gar-asen tagudamt usenqev. -Ur yemmut ur yeddir. -Ur ççin ur swin. ASUMER IMSENTEL: LA PROPOSITION SUBORDONNEE Asumer imsentel d win yesεan tawuri n wawal. Iteqqen $er usumer agejdan s wawal asental (tas$unt, amqim amassa$...).


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ASUMER IMSENTEL AS£UNAN: Proposition subordonnée conjonctive Asumer imsentel as$unan iteqqen $er usumer agejdan, s tes$unt usentel. Isumar is$unanen mmalen akud, tamentilt, iswi, tanmegla, turda, aserwes. Akud: Le temps -Nuki-as i ugeffur mi yekkat. -Ur t-nwala ara segmi yunag $er Marikan. Tamentilt: La cause -Seg wakken yelha Mazi$, êemmlen-t akk medden. -Segmi semmvit waman, yeswa aîas. Iswi: Le but -Ïîef-as afus i wem$ar-a akken ad yezger abrid. -Yeqqar aîas i wakken ad yesnerni idles-is amatu. Tanmegla: L’opposition -Xas akken d asemmiv, la leqqven azemmur. -Ulamma yeêrec Yuba, yif-it Masil. Turda: L’hypothèse -Ma têemmlev yemma-m, ttall-itt deg umahil. -Lemmer d imawlan n tmurt, ad tili gerrzen-tt.


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Aserwes: La comparaison -Muqlet kan akken leqqay yires-a. -Têemmel-itt, amzun d yemma-s. Asumer imsentel asaman: Proposition subordonnée juxtaposée Ger usumer agejdan d usumer asaman ulac ticcert. Tettili ticcert ger isumar imsental isamanen ma llan, ugar n yiwen. Teb$a ad teçç. Teb$a ad tsew. Teb$a ad teçç , ad tsew. asumer asumer asumer agejdan asaman1 asaman2

Timawin: 1-Asumer asaman yezmer ad yu$al d isem. Teb$a ad teçç. Teb$a uççi. 2-Asumer asaman yezmer ad yili d tinawt war amyag. Yu$al yezwar. Yu$al d amezwaru. 3-Asumer agejdan yezmer ad yili s wesnekdan d wuddid-is. Ha-ten ifellaêen, la meggren irden.

Asumer imsentel asestan: Proposition subordonée interrogative: Tasestant tarusridt d tafyirt i igebren asumer agejdan d usumer imsentel asestan: ummid ne$ amuran. -Yettxemmim anida ara yesεeddi imuras unebdu. -Ur yeéri ara acu yeb$a.


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Asumer imsentel amassa$: Proposition subordonnée relative Asumer imsentel amassa$ yettili d asemmad agucclan. Isem (ne$ awal) i yegguccel neqqar-as: uzwir. -Terra-as adlis i as-yefka , ivelli. uzwir amqim asumer amassa$ amassa$ Asumer amassa$ izewwir s wawal amassa$ (amqim, amernu, tanze$t) ne$ yettili war amassa$:: Yezwar s wemqim amassa$:

-Muqel abernus i teéva Kahina. Yezwar s umernu amassa$:

-Taqerbuzt d taddert anida ilul Meqqran. Yezwar s tenze$t tamassa$t:

-Yemla-asen tasdawit deg yeqqar. Ulac amassa$:

-Muqel abernus teéva Kahina. D ama$un war amassa$:

-Kahina d taqcict yeévan abernus. Ama$un + amassa$:

-Kahina d taqcict i yeévan abernus.


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Tamawt: Amqim amassa$ i yezmer ad yettwakkes si tefyirt war ma ibeddel unamek-is : Muqel abernus i teéva Kahina=Muqel abernus teéva Kahina! Kahina d taqcict i yeévan abernus=Kahina d taqcict yeévan abernus.

Tafelwit imassa$en: Tableau des relatifs TINZA£ IMQIMEN IMERNA TIWURIWIN

i

i, ay -asemmad asegzay -asemmad usrid -asemmad arusrid iwumi, imumi

deg ideg, deg i deg way deg

anida anda

-asemmad n wadeg -asemmad n wakud

$ef i$ef, $ef i, $ef way deg

-tettemgarad twuri

seg iseg, seg, seg way deg

anisi ansi

-asemmad n wadeg

$er i$er, wi$er ani$er (aniwer?)

-asemmad n wadeg $ur u$ur, wu$ur

s (n wallal)

s way s (=s wayes) s wiyes (=s wiyes) s wacu

-asemmad n wallal

d Ukkud,wukkud,wi d -asemmad n tdukli

s (n tnila) sani -asemmad n wadeg

Tiwuriwin imassa$en: Les fonctions des relatifs


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Tiwuriwin imassa$en ggtent, ha-ten-aya kra seg-sen: Asemmad asegzay : Complément explicatif D Kahina i yeévan abernus. uzwir / amassa$ d asemmad asegzay

Asemmad usrid: Complément d’objet direct -Yecbeê ubernus i teéva Kahina. uzwir/ amassa$ d asemmad usrid Asemmad arusrid: Complément d’objet indirect -D gma-s iwumi teéva abernus. uzwir / amassa$ d asemmad arusrid Asemmad n wadeg, n wakud, n wallal... C.c de lieu, de temps, d’instrument… -Tafu$alt d taddert anida yezde$ Masinisa. uzwir/ amassa$ d asemmad n wadeg -Ur ntettu ara ass ideg yemmut Lwennas. uzwir/ amassa$ d asemmad n wakud -Wa, d imru s wayes yettaru. uzwir/ amassa$ d asemmad n wallal


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IIXXEEFF XXII: TASLEVT: L’ANALYSE Llant 3 tarrayin n teslevt: 1- Taslevt tajerrumant: Analyse grammaticale Taslevt tajerrumant ne$ taslevt n tjerrumt terza awalen n tefyirt. I yal awal, nessegzay-d (nettmuddu-d): - Agama-s: D isem, d amyag, d amernu… - Talmest-is: D isem amatu, uzzig, d amernu n wakud, n wadeg… - Tal$a-s: Asuf, asget, amalay… - Tawuri-s: Asemmad usrid, arusrid… 2- Taslevt tameééult: Analyse logique Taslevt tameééult terza tifyar, yettili deg-s: -Bevvu n wevris d tifyar. -Bevvu n tefyar d isumar.

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt TASLEVT

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-Yal asumer ad d-yettunefk ugama-s, tal$a-s d twuri-s. a- Taslevt n tefyirt: Analyse de la phrase Taslevt n tefyirt d tifin isumar d userkem-nsen. Di tefyirt, yezmer ad yili yiwen usumer ne$ ugar. b- Taslevt usumer: Analyse de la proposition I yal asumer, nemmal-d 3 t$awsiwin: -Agama: La nature d agejdan, d imsentel, d ilelli… -Tal$a: La forme

d amassa$, d as$unan… -Tawuri: La fonction d asemmad n wuzwir, d asemmad usrid… 3- Taslevt taseklant: Analyse littéraire Taslevt taseklant d tin yerzan avris, ttunefkayen-d deg-s: talmest taseklant, tiskiwt, ider d u$anib. 1-Talmest taseklant: Genre littéraire


143

Aglam La description Amezgun Le théâtre Tamedyazt La poésie Ullis Le récit Tamacahut Le conte

2-Tiskiwt: La structure

A$awas Plan Tara n tektiwin Fil conducteur Invanen Transitions

3-Ider: Fond

Tiktiwin Idées: Amyevfar, amyuqqen, inumak… Afrayen Sentiments Asugen Imagination Amvay Goût

4-A$anib: Style

Aswir n tutlayt: Niveau [registre de langue]. D imgerrez, d amagnu, d unnim.

Ta$ara n tenfalit: Qualité de l’expression Udmawen u$anib yettwamersen: Figures de style utilisées

Aserwes: La comparaison

Tarvelnamka: La métaphore

Rvel + anamek = areîîal unamek.


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Asmiwer: L’énumération Asemden: La personnification

S ( n weswa$) + amdan = err d amdan. Asifses umeslay: L’Euphémisme

Asemgel: L’antithèse

S (n weswa$) + mgal Tarevledmit: L’allégorie

Rvel + tidmi = areîîal n tedmi. Talsawalt: L’anaphore

Ales + awal = allas n wawal. Tasenrenfalit: L’hyperbole

Snerni + tanfalit = asnerni n tenfalit. Tasegdezt: La litote

S (n weswa$) + gdez. Tamsiswalt L’oxymore ou oxymoron

Tamsisit n wawalen: Msisi + awal.

d-Turdiwin i yeb$a umaru ad d-yeoo deg ume$ri: Impressions que l’auteur a cherché à produire sur le lecteur


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Taratsa n teslevt tajerrumant: Grille d’analyse grammaticale

AGAMA NATURE

TALMEST ESPECE

TAL£A FORME

TAWURI FONCTION

Tal$a tamyagant (deg-s sin yeêricen)

Amyag: -d asenvan -d arsenvan

Taggayt: 1...5 Timeéri: izri,urmir… Tal$a(terza kan ama$un): -n yezri -n wurmir -n wurmir ussid.

-Amatar udmawan -Amatar uma$un

Udem:1,2,3. Amvan: asuf,asget. Tawsit: amalay,unti.

-d ameggay -d ubdir


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Isem -Isem amatu -Isem uzzig -Isem n téunt

Amvan -asuf -asget Tawsit -amalay -unti Addad -ilelli -amaruz -ameskil -armeskil n addad

-Asemmad usrid -Asemmad arusrid -Asemmad anez$an (n wadeg, n wakud, n t$ara, n wallal, n tdukli, n yeswi, n tmentilt, userwes) -Asemmad war tanze$t ( n wakud, n wadeg, n tesmekta, usegzi) -Asemmad asegzay ( umeggay, n wubdir, n wuddid n wemyag usrid, n wuddid n wemyag arusrid, n tenze$t, n yisem, n wemqim, n wuddid n wesnekdan, n wuddid usestan) -Asemmad agucclan (n yisem, umernu, n yeglem, n wemqim, n wemvan) -Asemmad ilelli -Asemmad ilelli usiwel

Iglem - amagnu - asuslan

Amvan -asuf -asget Tawsit -amalay -unti Addad -ilelli -amaruz

-Am twuriwin n yisem

Amernu n wadeg n wakud n t$ara n tibawt n tilawt asestan abehtan

Am twuriwin n yisem

Amvan Am twuriwin n yisem

Amqim - ameskan - arbadu

Am twuriwin n yisem

-asestan (amattar)

Asemmad usrid


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Taratsa n teslevt tameééult: Grille d’analyse logique

AGAMA NATURE

TAL£A FORME

TAWURI FONCTION

Asumer ilelli Asumer agejdan

-udmawan ilelli

-Asemmad usrid. -Asemmad arusrid. -Asemmad anez$an (n wallal, n tdukli, n yeswi, userwes). -Isemmaden isegzayen (akk). -Asemmad ilelli. -Asemmad ilelli usiwel.

-udmawan uddid

-n yisem, n tenze$t, n wesnekdan, usestan (usrid, arusrid), n wemyag (usrid, arusrid).

Tanze$t s, $er, n, $ef…

-Tetteqqen awal $er wayev.

Tas$unt -n tuqqna -Tetteqqen awal $er wayev. -usentel -Tetteqqen asumer $er wayev.

-Tessental $er usumer agejdan.

Tazel$a -n yimal ad, ara, awer

-umiran La -n tilawt D -n tnila -d, n, id, in,

an, a, aya -usiwel a (ay?)

Asnekdan ha, a, aql -Yessenkad asegzay n wuddid-is. Ta$uyit -Temmal tumert, anemrat, abhat,

tandemmit,awelleh…


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Asumer imsentel

amassa$ asemmad n wuzwir. as$unan

asemmad n wakud, n tmentilt, n yeswi, n tenmegla, userwes.

asestan asemmad usrid. asaman asemmad usrid.

Taratsa n teslevt taseklant: Grille d’analyse littéraire

TALMEST TASEKLANT

GENRE LITTÉRAIRE

TISKIWT STRUCTURE

IDER FOND

A£ANIB STYLE


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Aglam Amezgun Tamedyazt

(asefru) Ullis Tamacahut…

A$awas Tarakti (tara n

tektiwin) Invanen

Tiktiwin - Amyevfer - Amuqqen - Inumak Afrayen Asugen Amvay

- d imgerrez - d amagnu - d unnim Ta$ara n tenfalit Tugniwin u$anib

yettwamersen -Aserwes -Tarvelnamka - Asmiwer - Asemden - Asemgel - Asifses umeslay - Tarevledmit - Talsawalt - Tasenrenfalit - Tasegdezt - Tamsiswalt (Tamsisit n wawalen) Turdiwin

(timu$liwin i yeb$a umaru ad d-yeoo s tira-s deg ume$ri.

Tiwuriwin n wawalen: Fonctions des mots Yal awal n tefyirt yezmer ad yesεu yiwet si twuriwin-a: Asemmad usrid.


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Asemmad arusrid.

Asemmad anez$an:

n wadeg, n wakud, n t$ara, n wallal, n tdukli, n yeswi, n tmentilt, userwes. Asemmad war tanze$t:

n wadeg, n wakud, n t$ara, n tesmekta, usegzi. Asemmad asegzay:

umeggay, n wubdir, n wuddid usrid, n wuddid arusrid, n wuddid n tenze$t, n wuddid usestan, n wesnekdan, n yisem, n yeglem, n wemqim (ameskan, arbadu, udmawan ilelli). Asemmad agucclan:

n yisem, umernu, n yeglem, n wemvan, n wemqim (ameskan, arbadu, udmawan ilelli). Asemmad ilelli.

Asemmad ilelli usiwel.

Awalen n yiwen uéar (n yiwet twacult): Mots de même racine (de même famille) Awalen n yiwen uéar d awalen i kkan-d seg yiwen uéar, rzan yiwet tekti. Aéar d aêric igebren tirgalin ( n lasel) deg wawal. Imedyaten:


151

1- lmd d aéar i d-yefkan awalen: lmed, almud, anelmad, ulmid, ttwalmed, sselmed, aselmed, aselmad,mselmed. 2-rwl d aéar i d-yefkan awalen: rwel, tarewla, amerwal, sserwel, aserwel, mserwal, myerwal.

Timawin: 1-Kra imesla ttbeddilen deg ususru, mi ara tessden: v vv = î $ $$ = q w ww = ggw y yy = gg 2-Tikwal, nezmer ad naf amgired d afessas ger yiwen usekkil n wawal d uéar-is: Md: tayerza → yrz = krz / asekkil y yemgarad $ef usekkil k. 3-Llan wawalen lan iéuran ttemcabin di tal$a, maca mgaraden deg unamek: dr (i d-yefkan idir, tudert) ≠dr (i d-yefkan ader, udru). ér (i d-yefkan éer, iéri, timeéri) ≠ ér (i d-yefkan aéar).

Tarrayt unadi $ef uéar n wawal: Procédé de recherche de la racine du mot

A m y a g Verbe

I s e m d y e g l e m Nom et adjectif qualificatif


152

Timawin: 1- Deg usuffe$ uéar n wawal tussda nettaru-tt d asekkil ameqqran. Md: mDn (Medden), zMr (azemmur). 2- Mi ara yili imesli yettwales deg wawal, nettaru-t snat tikwal deg usuffe$ uéar. Md: sMm (asemmam).

Kra imedyaten: Quelques exemples

A M Y A G I S E M IG L E M

1-Ad nerr amyag $er tal$a taêerfit (ma yefti). 2-Ad nekkes seg-s akk ti$ra. 3-Ad nekkes seg-s azwir, ma d asuddim ne$ ad d-nefk amyag amenzu war ti$ra. 4- Ma d asuddim uddis, ad nekkes seg-s amatar n tal$a tuddist (aswa$ n wemya$, amya$ n weswa$, attwa$ n weswa$). 5-Ma d amyag udmawan, ad nekkes seg-s amatar-is (mmu, nn….).

1-Ad nerr isem ne$ iglem $er wasuf, deg waddad ilelli. 2-Ad nekkes seg-s akk ti$ra d “t” n wunti (ma tella). 3-Ad nekkes seg-s azwir d wedfir, ma d asuddim n wemyag amenzu. 4- Ma d asuddim n wemyag asuddim ad nekkes seg-s amatar n weswa$, n wemya$ ne$ n wettwa$.


153

Yessekcem Tinelmadin Isellawen 1- ssekcem 2- sskcm 3- kcm

1- tanelmadt 2- nlmd 3- lmd

1- asellaw 2- sllw 3- sLw

aéar-is: kcm aéar-is: lmd aéar-is: sLw Deg wawalen nniven: Deg unadi $ef uéar n wawalen nniven: S umata, ntekkes “t” n wunti, seg imerna i yesεan tal$a n yisem (ma tella). Ntekkes ti$ra. Nemmal yal aêric di tama, di tal$iwin tuddisin. Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen: Les pronoms personnels libres Nekk ---------------- nK Keç------------------ kç Kem----------------- km Netta---------------- nT Nettat--------------- nT (t)

Nekkni ------------- nKn Nekkenti ----------- nKn (t) Kunwi ------------- knw Kunemti ----------- knm (t) Nitni --------------- ntn Nitenti ------------- ntn (t)

Tal$a ta$ezzfant :: Nekkini------------ nK (n) keççini------------- kç(n)


154

Kemmini----------- kM (n). Uddiden (iwsilen): Les affixes inu----------------- n nnek--------------- N/k nnem-------------- N/m nnes--------------- N/s nne$--------------- N/$ nte$---------------- n/t tne$--------------- tn/$ tente$------------- tn(t)$

twen-------------- twn twent------------- twn(t) tsen--------------- tsn tsent--------------- tsn (t) nsen--------------- n/sn nsent-------------- n/sn (t) nwen-------------- n/wn nwent------------- n/wn(t)

Isestanen: Les interrogatifs anwa-anwi------- n (w) anta-anti--------- n (t) Irbuda: Les indéfinis wayev-wiyev---- (w) yv tayev-tiyev------ (t) yv Imeskanen: Les démonstratifs wa-wi----------- w waki-wiki------- (w)k


155

win-------------- (w)n wihin----------- (w)hn ta-ti-------------- t

taki-tiki--------- (t)k wid-------------- (w)d tihin------------- (t)hn

Imerna: Les adverbes azekka--------- zK dagi------------ dg tameddit------- mD

sellazekka------ sL/zK seg llina-------- dg/Ln d asawen------ d/swn

Tinza$: Les prépositions n---------------- n i---------------- y ddaw---------- Dw deffir---------- dFr s deffir-------- s/dFr

ger-------------- gr nnig------------- Ng s nnig----------- s/Ng $ef--------------- $f

Tis$unin: Les conjonctions ahat----------- ht ammar-------- Mr wamag-------- wmg ini------------- n acku----------- ck

ma-------------- m ma drus-------- m/drs xas akken------ xs/Kn seg wakken----- sg/Kn

Imvanen: Les nombres yiwen------- ywn sin----------- sn

mraw----------- mrw


156

Ismawen n téunin: Les noms de fractions azgen------- zgn anekrad---- (n)krd

agiman--------- gm

Igelman isuslanen: Les adjectifs numéraux ordinaux amezwaru-- zwr akradan---- krd

awraw san----- mrw/s

Amawal umris Lexique utilisé

Abdar évocation Abhat: exclamation, étonnement Addad amaruz: état lié

Addad ilelli: état libre Addad, addaden: état(s) Adeg: �lieu

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt AMAWAL UMRIS

157

Adfir, idfiren: suffixe(s) Aêric, iêricen: partie(s) Afra, afrayen: sentiment(s) Agama: nature Agbur: contenu, table des matières Aggay, aggayen: groupe(s) Aglam: description Agugu (tuggugt): éloignement Akud: temps Akuden imyaganen: temps verbaux Alugan, iluganen: régulier(s) Alugen, ilugan: règle(s) Amalay masculin Amallal, imallalen: auxiliaire(s) Ama$un n wurmir ussid: participe de l’aoriste intensif Ama$un n wurmir: participe de l’aoriste Ama$un n yezri: participe passé Ama$un, imu$an: participe(s) Amassa$, imassa$en: relatif(s) Amatar n wussid: affixe de l’intensif Amatar udmawan: affixe personnel Amatar uma$un: affixe de participe Amattar, imattaren: interrogatif(s) Amaynut, imaynuten: nouveau(x) Amaélay particulier Amvan, imvanen: nombre(s) Amvay: goût Amedya, imedyaten: exemple(s) Amenzu, imenza: primaire(s) Amernu, imerna: adverbe(s) Ameskan, imeskanen: démonstratif(s) Amezgun: théâtre Amiran: présent, actuel Amqim, imqimen: pronom(s) Amside$: parallélisme Amya$: réciproque

Amyag, imyagen: verbe(s) Amyagan, imyaganen: verbal(s) Anamek, inumak: sens Anav: impératif Anav ussid: impératif intensif Anemrat: douleur Anvan: transition A$anib: style A$awas: plan Arbadu, irbuda: indéfini(s) Arbib, irbiben: adjectif(s) qualificatif(s) Arlugan, irluganen: irrégulier(s) Arsenvan, irsenvanen: intransitif(s) Asefren: alternative Asegzi: explication Asekkil ameqqran: majuscule Asekkil, isekkilen: lettre(s) Asemden: personnification Asemgel: antithèse Asemmad agucclan: complément déterminatif Asemmad anez$an: complément prépositionnel Asemmad arusrid: complément d’objet indirect Asemmad asegzay: complément explicatif Asemmad asegzay ilelli: thématisation Asemmad ilelli: apposition Asemmad ilelli usiwel: apostrophe Asemmad usrid: complément d’objet direct Asemmad war tanze$t: complément circonstanciel Asemmad,isemmaden: complément(s) Asemres: emploi Asenvan, isenvanen: transitif(s) Asenked:: présentation


158

Asenqev: ponctuation Aserwes: comparaison Asestan, isestanen: interrogatif(s) Asfillet optatif Asget pluriel Asifses umeslay: euphémisme Asile$: formation Asmiwer: énumération Asnekdan, isnekdanen: présentatif(s) Asuddem: dérivation Asuddim, isuddimen: dérivé(s) Asuf: singulier Asugen: imagination Asumer agejdan: proposition principale Asumer asaman: proposition juxtaposée Asumer ilelli: proposition indépendante Asumer imsentel amassa$: proposition subordonnée relative Asumer imsentel as$unan: proposition subordonnée conjonctive Asumer imsentel asaman: proposition subordonnée juxtaposée Asumer imsentel: proposition subordonnée Asunvan: injonctif Asurdu: doute Aswa$: factitif Aswir, iswiren: niveau(s) Attwa$: passif Awal asental: mot subordonnant Awelleh: conseil, directive Awfus: manuel Awsil, iwsilen: lié(s) Azamul, izumal: modèle(s), exemple(s) Azenzi$, izenzi$en: schémas Azwir, izwiren: préfixe(s) Aéar, iéuran: racine(s) Ibaw, ibawen: positif(s)

Ider: fond Iferdisen: éléments Igelman isuslanen: adjectifs numéraux ordinaux Iglem, igelman: adjectif(s) qualificatif(s) Ilaw, ilawen: affirmatif(s) Ilelli, ilelliyen: libre(s), autonome(s) Imal: futur Imyagen isuddimen: verbes dérivés Imyagen n t$ara: verbes de qualité, d’état Inaw asnegman: discours didactique Inaw, inawen: discours Isem amatu: nom commun Isem n tigawt: nom d’action Isem n umeggay: nom d’agent Isem n wallal: nom d’instrument Isem uzzig: nom propre Isem, ismawen: nom(s) Ismawen irmeskilen n waddad: noms à état invariable Ismawen isuddimen (izelman): noms dérivés Ismawen n téunin: noms de fractions Ismawen n timmarewt: nom de parenté Ismawen n trakalt: noms de géographie Ismawen uddisen: noms composés Iswi: but Izider, izudar: zéro(s) Izri: passé (prétérit) Snat tneqqivin: deux points Tabehtant: exclamative Tacciwin: parenthèses Tadukli: accompagnement Tafelwit, tifelwa: tableau(x) Tafyirt taêerfit: phrase simple Tafyirt taramyagant: phrase non verbale


159

Tafyirt tuddist: phrase complexe Tafyirt, tifyar: phrase(s) Tagrayt: conséquence Tahrayt: désinence Tajerrivt: tiret Talmest taseklant: genre littéraire Tal$a taêerfit: infinitif Tal$a tal$iwin: forme(s) Tal$a tamyagant: forme verbale Tal$a tibawt: forme affirmative Tal$iwin tigejdanin: formes principales Tal$iwin tuddisin : formes composées Talsawalt: anaphore Tama: proximité, rapprochement Tamacahut, timucuha: conte(s) Tamawt, timawin: remarque(s) Tamedyazt: poésie Tamentilt : cause Tameslayt, timeslayin: parler(s) Tamlellit: alternance Tamsertit, timsertiyin: assimilation Tamsiswalt: oxymore ou oxymoron Tamu$li,timu$liwin: regard(s) Tandemmit: regret

Taneqqidt n webhat: point d’exclamation Taneqqidt usesten: point d’interrogation Taneqqivt, tineqqivin: point(s) Tanfalit, tinfaliyin: expression(s) Tanmegla: opposition Tannuft: retrait, alinéa Tanze$t, tinza$: préposition(s) Tanéa, tanéiwin: élision(s) Ta$ara: qualité Ta$uri, ti$uriwin: lecture(s) Ta$uyit: interjection Tarakti: fil conducteur Taratsa, tiratsiwin: grille(s) Tarvelnamka: métaphone Tarevledmit: allégorie Targalt, tirgalin: consonne(s) Tarrayt, tarrayin: méthode(s), procédé(s) Tasamit: juxtaposition Tasawalt, tisawalin: syllabe(s) Tasegdezt: litote Taselkant (tamse$rut): déclarative Tasemlilt, tisemlilin: synthèse(s) Tasenrenfalit: hyperbole

Tasestant: interrogative Taslevt tajerrumant: analyse grammaticale Taslevt tameééult: analyse logique Taslevt taseklant: analyse littéraire Taslevt, tiselvin: analyse Tasmekta: quantité Tas$unt, tis$unin: conjonction(s) Tasunvant: impérative Tasureft, tisuraf: exception(s) Tawacult, tiwaculin: famille(s) Tawsit, tiwsatin::genre(s) Tawsit, tiwsatin: genre(s)

Tawuri, tiwuriwin: fonction(s) Tazegzilt, tizegzilin: abréviation(s) Tazwart: introduction Tibawt: négation Ticcert tunqivt: point virgule Ticcert, tuccar: virgule(s) Tigawt, tigawin: action(s) Tikti, tiktiwin idée(s) Tilawt: affirmation Timeéri, timeéra: aspect(s), mode(s) Tinawt taddayt: énoncé minimal Tinawt, tinawin: énoncé(s)


160

Tineqqivin n wegzam: points de suspension Ti$ri tamezwarut: voyelle initiale Ti$ri, ti$ra: voyelle(s) Tira: écriture Tis$unin n tuqqna: conjonctions de coordination Tis$unin usentel: conjonction de subordination Tiskiwt: structure Tizel$iwin n tnila: particule d’orientation Tuddsa: composition Tumert: joie Turda, turdiwin: hypothèse(s), opinion(s) Tusligin: guillemets Tutlayt, tutlayin: langue(s) Tuzzigt: spécifique

Uddid, uddiden: lié(s) Uddiden n wemyag: affixes de préposition Uddiden n wesnekdan: affixes de présentatif Uddiden n yisem: affixes Uddis amalay: masculin composé Uddis unti: féminin composé Udem, udmawen: personne(s) Udmawen uddisen: personnes composées Uvfir: enchaîné Uglim, uglimen: décrit(s) Ullis, ullisen: récit(s) Unti: féminin Urmir: aoriste Urmir ussid: aoriste intensif Uzwir, uzwiren: antécédent(s)

AAwwffuuss aammaayynnuutt nn ttuuttllaayytt ttaammaazzii$$tt AGBUR

161

AAGGBBUURR

TAZWART .................................................................................................................. 7

AVANT-PROPOS ..................................................................................................... 9

PRÉSENTATION .................................................................................................. 11

IIXXEEFF II : ISEM D YEGLEM ......................................................................................... 13

Isem .......................................................................................................................... 13

Isem amatu ..................................................................................................... 13 Isem uzzig ...................................................................................................... 13 Ismawen uddisen ........................................................................................... 14

Tuddsa s bu...... ........................................................................................ 14 Tuddsa s ayt, at (iderman) ...................................................................... 14 Ismawen n trakalt .......................................................................................... 15 Ismawen n timmarewt ................................................................................... 16 Tal$iwin n yisem ..................................................................................................... 17

Tawsit ............................................................................................................. 18 Asile$ n wunti. ........................................................................................ 18 Inumak n wunti ..................................................................................... 19

Amvan ............................................................................................................ 19 Asuf.................. ......................................................................................... 19 Asget................ .......................................................................................... 19 Asile$ n wesget ......................................................................................... 20 Ti$ri tamezwarut ..................................................................................... 21 Tal$iwin tigejdanin n wesget .................................................................. 21 Asget s tehrayt .......................................................................................... 22 Asget s temlellit ........................................................................................ 23 Asget s temlellit d tehrayt ........................................................................ 24

Addad ............................................................................................................. 25 Addad ilelli: .............................................................................................. 25 Addad amaruz .......................................................................................... 25 Ti$ri tamezwarut .................................................................................... 25 Ismawen irmeskilen n waddad .............................................................. 26 Melmi yettili waddad amaruz? ............................................................. 26 Iglem (arbib) ............................................................................................................ 29

Tal$iwin n yeglem ......................................................................................... 29 Unti n yeglem ................................................................................................ 29 Asget n yeglem ............................................................................................... 30 Addad amaruz n yeglem ............................................................................... 30


162

Alugen.... ......................................................................................................... 32

IIXXEEFF IIII: AMYAG ....................................................................................................... 33

Tal$a taêerfit ............................................................................................................ 34 Imyagen iluganen d yerluganen ............................................................................ 34

Amyag alugan ................................................................................................ 34 Amyag arlugan .............................................................................................. 34

Imyagen n t$ara ............................................................................................ 34 Imyagen isenvanen d yersenvanen ...................................................................... 35

Amyag asenvan .............................................................................................. 35 Amyag arsenvan ............................................................................................ 35

Timeéra d tal$iwin .................................................................................................. 36 Izri ................................................................................................................... 36 Urmir .............................................................................................................. 36 Urmir ussid .................................................................................................... 36 Anav ............................................................................................................... 36 Anav ussid ...................................................................................................... 36 Tafelwit n tmeéra .......................................................................................... 36

Aggayen n yemyagen .............................................................................................. 38 Udmawen ................................................................................................................. 39

Imataren udmawanen ................................................................................... 39 Izri n yemyagen n t$ara ................................................................................ 41 Udmawen uddisen ........................................................................................ 42 Tal$a tibawt ................................................................................................... 42 Tizel$iwin n tnila ........................................................................................... 44

Zdat wemyag .......................................................................................... 44 Deffir wemyag ....................................................................................... 45 Ilugan n tseftit .......................................................................................................... 57

IIXXEEFF IIIIII: ASUDDEM ................................................................................................. 61

Ismawen isuddimen (izelman) .............................................................................. 61 Isem n tigawt ................................................................................................. 61 Isem umeggay ............................................................................................... 64 Isem n wallal .................................................................................................. 64

Imyagen isuddimen ................................................................................................. 65 Aswa$ ............................................................................................................. 65 Amya$ ............................................................................................................. 66 Attwa$ ............................................................................................................ 66 Tal$iwin tuddisin ........................................................................................... 67

Asile$ n tal$iwin tuddisin ....................................................................................... 68 Tarrayt usile$ n yemyagen isuddimen .................................................................. 68 Asuddem igelman ................................................................................................... 70


163

Tal$iwin tigejdanin ....................................................................................... 70 Asuddem seg wemyag ........................................................................ 70 Asuddem seg yisem ............................................................................ 71 Awal $ef usuddem seg yisem………..…………..…………...…………..71

IXEF IIVV: IMQIMEN .................................................................................................. 72

Imqimen udmawanen ............................................................................................. 73 Imqimen udmawanen ............................................................................................. 74

Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen ................................................................... 74 Imqimen udmawanen uddiden (iwsilen) .................................................. 74

Uddiden n yisem ..................................................................................................... 75 Uddiden n wemyag ................................................................................................ 75 Uddiden n tenze$t .................................................................................................. 77 Uddiden usestan ....................................................................................... 78 Imqimen irbuda, imeskanen d isestanen ................................................... 78

Imqimen irbuda ....................................................................................... 78 Imqimen imeskanen ................................................................................. 79

IXEF VV: TINZA£, TIS£UNIN, IMERNA. ................................................................... 80

Tinza$ ...................................................................................................................... 80 Tanze$t “n” .................................................................................................... 80 Tanze$t “s” n tnila ......................................................................................... 80 Tanze$t “s” n wallal ...................................................................................... 81

Tamsertit .................................................................................................................. 81 Tanze$t d yisem ............................................................................................. 81 Amassa$ d wemyag ....................................................................................... 82 Tas$unt “mi” d wemyag ............................................................................... 83 Timsertiyin nniven ....................................................................................... 83

Tanéa s imesli “y” ......................................................................................... 84 Tazel$a n tilawt “d” ..................................................................................... 84 Tis$unin ................................................................................................................... 85

Tis$unin n tuqqna ......................................................................................... 86 Tis$unin usentel ............................................................................................ 87

Imerna ...................................................................................................................... 87 Imerna n wadeg ............................................................................................. 88 Imerna n wakud ............................................................................................ 88 Imerna n t$ara ............................................................................................... 88 Imerna n tesmekta ......................................................................................... 88 Imerna n tilawt .............................................................................................. 89 Imerna n tibawt ............................................................................................. 89 Imerna usurdu ............................................................................................... 89


164

Imerna isestanen ........................................................................................... 89

IIXXEEFF VVII: IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN ............................................................ 90

Imvanen ................................................................................................................... 91 Ismawen n téunin .................................................................................................... 93 Igelman isuslanen .................................................................................................... 93

Ta$uri d tira igelman isuslanen ................................................................... 97 Tizegzilin igelman isuslanen ........................................................................ 99

IIXXEEFF VVIIII:: ASENQEV……………………………………………....………..…..100

Ticcert ................................................................................................................... 100

Taneqqivt .............................................................................................................. 101

Ticcert tunqivt ...................................................................................................... 101

Taneqqivt usesten ................................................................................................. 101 Taneqqivt n webhat ............................................................................................. 102 Tineqqivin n wegzam .......................................................................................... 102 Tacciwin ................................................................................................................ 102 Tajerrivt ................................................................................................................. 103 Tusligin .................................................................................................................. 103 Asekkil ameqqran ................................................................................................. 103 Tannuft .................................................................................................................. 104

IIXXEEFF VVIIIIII: TIWURIWIN N YISEM ........................................................................ 104

Asemmad usrid ..................................................................................................... 105 Asemmad arusrid ................................................................................................. 106 Isemmaden inez$anen ........................................................................................ 107

Asemmad anez$an n wadeg ...................................................................... 107 Asemmad anez$an n wakud ...................................................................... 107 Asemmad anez$an n t$ara ........................................................................ 107 Asemmad anez$an n wallal ....................................................................... 107 Asemmad anez$an n tdukli ....................................................................... 108 Asemmad anez$an n yeswi ........................................................................ 108 Asemmad anez$an n tmentilt .................................................................... 108 Asemmad anez$an userwes ....................................................................... 108

Isemmaden war tanze$t: ...................................................................................... 108 Asemmad war tanze$t n wadeg ................................................................ 109 Asemmad war tanze$t n wakud ................................................................ 109 Asemmad war tanze$t n t$ara ................................................................... 109 Asemmad war tanze$t n tesmekta ............................................................ 109


165

Asemmad war tanze$t usegzi .................................................................... 109 Isemmaden isegzayen ......................................................................................... 110 Isemmaden igucclanen ....................................................................................... 112

Asemmad n yisem ....................................................................................... 112 Asemmad umernu ...................................................................................... 112 Asemmad n yeglem .................................................................................... 112 Asemmad n wemqim ................................................................................. 112 Asemmad n wemvan .................................................................................. 113

Asemmad ilelli ............................................................................................ 113 Asemmad ilelli usiwel ............................................................................... 114 Ta$uyit « tazel$a n webhat » .............................................................................. 114

IIXXEEFF IIXX : AKUDEN IMYAGANEN ......................................................................... 115

Izri .......................................................................................................................... 116 Tal$a tilawt ................................................................................................. 116 Tal$a tibawt ................................................................................................ 116

Urmir ..................................................................................................................... 117 Urmir s tzel$a n yimal “ad” ...................................................................... 117 Urmir s tzel$a n yimal “ara” ..................................................................... 118 Urmir war tazel$a ...................................................................................... 118

Urmir ussid ........................................................................................................... 119 Urmir ussid war tazel$a ............................................................................ 119 Urmir ussid s tzel$a .................................................................................... 120

Imallalen ............................................................................................................... 120 Amallal “ili” ................................................................................................ 121 Amallal « a$ » .............................................................................................. 122 Aserwes ger sin imallalen “ili, a$” ............................................................ 123 Imallalen nniven ........................................................................................ 124

Anav d wanav ussid ............................................................................................. 124 Anav ............................................................................................................ 124 Anav ussid ................................................................................................... 124 Taseftit-nsen ................................................................................................ 125 Tal$a-nsen tibawt ....................................................................................... 125

IIXXEEFF XX: TAFYIRT D USUMER ............................................................................... 127 Tafyirt taêerfit .................................................................................................. 127

Tafyirt ta�myagant ................................................................................... 128 Tafyirt taramyagant .................................................................................. 129 Tafyirt tuddist ................................................................................................... 132

Tuqqna ....................................................................................................... 134 Asumer imsentel ......................................................................................... 135

Asumer imsentel as$unan .................................................................. 136 Asumer imsentel asaman ................................................................... 137


166

Asumer imsentel asestan .................................................................... 137 Asumer imsentel amassa$ .................................................................. 138 Tafelwit imassa$en ....................................................................... 139 Tiwuriwin imassa$en ................................................................... 139

IIXXEEFF XXII: TASLEVT ................................................................................................. 140

Taslevt tajerrumant .............................................................................................. 141 Taslevt tameééult .................................................................................................. 141 Taslevt taseklant ................................................................................................... 142

Taratsa n teslevt tajerrumant .................................................................... 145 Taratsa n teslevt tameééult ........................................................................ 147 Taratsa n teslevt taseklant.......................................................................... 148 Tiwuriwin n wawalen ................................................................................ 149 Awalen n yiwen uéar (n yiwet twacult) ................................................... 150

Tarrayt unadi $ef uéar n wawal ............................................................... 151 Amawal umris......................................................................................................155 Agbur …...…………………………….….…………………………..………159

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