p nF

t s

54 3 - 1-1. 0 .2

ABSTRACT: This paper firstly examines how citation tones in Lianjiang (Fujian Province)

are realized by analyzing acoustic phonetic data. The results show that though the tone system

of Lianjiang is almost same as that of Fuzhou, pitch contours of Shang (mid-level) and Yinqu (low-falling) of Lianjiang are clearly different from those of Fuzhou.

9

1 citation tone

1 × 50km

1 1

v 2001: 1 kE (1998)

d�T-o

(1) kE/ 1998:1

d j j h _

d

d Tuo

2

3

1

×

2

3 �I 1996

^ � 1998

Author manuscript

1 (1998)

(2) 4

1.

1.

1 `,rX 1983 2 kE 1998 3 v 2001

1 44 52 31 2135 242 23 4

2 55 53 31 213 242 24 5

3 44 53 31 213 242 23 5

4 1 1980 1970 (1994) 5`,rX (1983: 287)

Author manuscript

(2) (1998: 2-3)

55

51

32

212 21-

ʔ

ʔ

20 6

2 7

2.

1 2

2

nF h

2 1 20 2

6 8 12 ×

7 2

4

Author manuscript

6 2 2013 6

kE 1998 v 2001

3

3.

( )

N [pa]

� [tai]

H [pa]

� [tai]

q [pa]

+ [tsai]

m [pa]

. [tai]

4 [po]

2 [tai]

[xaʔ]

t [aʔ]

� [xaʔ]

P [aʔ]

( )

N [pa]

@ [tsai]

H [pa]

� [tai]

q [pa]

\ [tsai]

m [pa]

. [tai]

4 [po]

$ [tuai]

[xaʔ]

t [aʔ]

� [xaʔ]

P [aʔ]

F

1 5

Marantz PMD660

44.1kHz 16bit AKG C420

F0

Praat (ver. 5.3.44 Boersma and Weenik)

× 10% 100% F0 ProsodyPro.praatscript Xu

2005-1013 ver. 5.1 10%

c

3.1 F0 3.2

a i

2 5 F0

X F0 × 10% Y

Hz (3) F0

Author manuscript

2. F0 A B C D E

3. F0 F G

A A A A A A A A A A

80100

120

140

160

Normalized time

Hz

BB

B

B

B

B

B

BB

B

CC C C C C C C C C

DD

D D D D D D D D

E EE

EE E

E

E

EE

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

F F F F FF

FF F

F

80100

120

140

160

Normalized time

Hz

G G G G G G G G GG

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Author manuscript

4. F0 A B C D E

5. F0 F G

A A A AA

AA

A AA

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

Normalized time

Hz

BB

B

B

B

B

B

BB

B

CC C C C C C C C C

DD D D D D D D D D

EE

EE E

E

E

EE

E

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

F F F FF

FF

F F F

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

Normalized time

Hz

G G G G G G G G G

G

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Author manuscript

(3) F0

2 F0 F0

F0

2 F0 100%

F0

F0

F0

F0 F0

2 50-60%

40-50%

2

10% F0

6-7 F0

6.

0 50

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Author manuscript

7.

6-7

1 2

3

F

3

F0

2 8

i T 晓农 LZ

(4) (5)

(4) T Qi 1986 2009 A = F0 B = F0 X = F0

T = {(log X – log B) / ( log A – log B)} 5 ( 0 ≤ T ≤ 5)

(5) LZ 晓农 2005 2010 Xi = F0 X̄ = F0

SD = F0

LZ = (Xi – X̄ ) / SD

1 5 5 8

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Author manuscript

T 0 5 1 5

LZ 0

T VT

(6) VT A = F0 B = F0 X = F0

VT = {(log X – log B) / ( log A – log B)} 4 1 ( 1 ≤ VT ≤ 5)

VT T 1 5

F0 VT

8 9 8 9 X 10% Y

VT

8. A B C D E

A A A A A A A A A A

12

34

5

Normalized time

VT-Score

BB

B

B

B

B

B

BB

B

CC C C C C C C C

C

DD

D D D D D D D D

EE

E

E EE

E

E

EE

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Author manuscript

9. F G

VT

VT 4

4. VT

1 2 3 4 5

VT 1-1.5 1.5-2.5 2.5-3.5 3.5-4.5 4.5-5

4

5.

44 51 33 22 231 33 5

5 , 59

[22] 8

[22 ]

[33] 9

[33 ] 6 7

9 1930

1928 L e 7“♯” “♭”

F F F FF

FF

F F F

12

34

5

Normalized time

VT-Score

G G G G G G G G G

G

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Author manuscript

y j

6

6. v 2001

44 51 33 22 231 33 5

44 53 31 213 242 23 5

2 1

y k

Boersma, Paul, and David Weenink. 1992-2012. Praat: doing phonetics by computer. Computer

program from http://www.praat.org.

g��. 1928. �L��eORV�. Y�(?RVl�W!U.

kE/. 1998. �T-9bRV�. T0�C�JS.

. 1994. ��o#f�. ��""�cb;cb)�2: 487-515.

^ � . 1998. . .

. 1998. “ ” . 27.

=&v AKM ^6. 2001. �T-9b3�. Gp�JS.

�I ^ ^ . 1996. d . .

i. 1986. �%F9b�']#f�>�. �ebRV�W�<: 77-90.

i. 2009. �*soZ(5[�. ��$(�JS.

Xu, Yi. 2005-2012. ProsodyPro.praat. Praat script from http://www.phon.ac.uk/home/yi/

Prosody.Pro/

Author manuscript

`,rX. 1983. �De9bBa�W J��. 8'7n�JS.

:�. 2005. f*s1 . .

:�. 2010. e . .

l @

�. 2, 3 Hz

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

130.9 129.0 128.7 128.5 128.0 127.9 128.1 127.3 126.0 125.8

148.1 143.9 138.3 130.1 119.9 110.5 103.2 97.2 93.6 90.4

118.9 115.5 113.5 112.1 111.3 110.2 109.1 108.1 106.9 104.8

108.9 104.2 100.8 99.1 97.7 96.3 95.0 93.6 92.3 92.1

102.9 103.3 108.5 116.2 120.5 119.0 111.9 102.3 95.1 90.7

112.0 110.0 108.9 109.0 110.3 112.8 116.6 120.1 121.3 124.4

141.8 141.2 140.8 140.5 140.3 140.3 140.3 140.1 140.2 136.8

. 4, 5 Hz

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

236.3 234.0 234.8 238.0 241.8 245.5 249.5 253.3 254.5 249.3

262.5 256.8 248.9 238.3 223.4 206.2 190.9 179.4 174.8 166.7

226.7 221.8 219.3 218.3 217.7 217.8 219.1 221.0 221.9 219.3

184.6 180.7 178.5 176.7 175.4 174.7 174.9 175.4 175.7 176.0

200.8 206.8 214.9 219.9 218.4 210.3 197.1 183.7 176.4 172.2

197.2 197.4 198.5 201.2 205.5 210.8 216.2 219.9 221.6 219.7

261.7 262.9 263.8 264.9 265.3 264.6 263.9 263.9 262.8 248.4

. 6, 7 millisecond

382.0 303.1 470.0 460.4 423.4 171.4 126.2

260.4 217.6 285.1 306.1 317.4 117.4 102.6

Author manuscript

. VT

VT 8, 9

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

3.90 3.81 3.81 3.85 3.90 3.95 4.02 4.05 4.03 3.95

4.73 4.55 4.29 3.90 3.37 2.77 2.24 1.80 1.57 1.27

3.39 3.21 3.10 3.04 3.00 2.97 2.96 2.95 2.93 2.81

2.32 2.08 1.91 1.81 1.74 1.67 1.63 1.58 1.54 1.54

2.42 2.54 2.86 3.20 3.30 3.12 2.66 2.07 1.66 1.40

2.67 2.60 2.59 2.64 2.76 2.94 3.15 3.32 3.38 3.44

4.56 4.56 4.56 4.57 4.57 4.56 4.55 4.55 4.53 4.24

Author manuscript