Austria and France

New Absolute Monarchies

Austria Prussia

Warm up Question

1. What were the character traits of Marie Theresa?

2. Why was Austria and Prussia rivals?

RivalsAustria

• Austria Ruler keeps title of Holy Roman Emperor – despite end of HRE after 30 yrs war

• Maria Theresa becomes empress 1740

• Reforms: Reorganized gov’t, forced nobles and clergy to pay taxes (double states revenue), redefines the legal system (outlaws witch burnings), universal education

Prussia

• Rise of new powerful royal family (Hohenzollern) – Frederick I 1713 military leader

unify & expand Prussia

• Frederick II (The Great)• Interested in Art and Music

but also a military leader who uses army to expand Prussia.

• Modernized Prussia – building projects, new industries, religious tolerance

Conflicts1. War of Austrian Succession – Prussia / Frederick II

(the Great) invades an Austria province just as Maria Theresa is being crowned Empress.a) Maria Theresa fails to gain back her province

but she wins the support of her people.

2. Seven Years War – a) By 1750 balance of power in Europe based on

alliances… and rivalries a) Austria vs. Prussia b) Britain vs. France

b) 7 yrs. War 1st real world war (4 continents, many European countries involved)

c) Outcome = War gives Britain a Huge empire

How did these two rivals view each other?

Frederick II about Maria Theresa

• “She is most unusually ambitious and hopes to make the House of Austria more renowned than it has ever been." – Prussian ambassador's letter to Frederick II of Prussia.

• "That woman's achievements are those of a great man." – The writings of Frederick II of Prussia.

Joseph (Maria Theresa’s son) about Frederick II

• “When the King of Prussia speaks on problems connected with the art of war, which he has studied intensively and on which he has read every conceivable book, then everything is taut, solid and uncommonly instructive. There are no circumlocutions, he gives factual and historical proof of the assertions he makes, for he is well versed in history… A genius and a man who talks admirably”

Writing History: Using Sources and Quotes

1. Direct Quotes– “Let us state how most of the Indian natives have successfully learned

all the Spanish trades,” (Doc #1)

2. Identifying Tags– According to Bernal Diaz “many sons of chieftains know how to read

and write,” (Doc #1).

3. Indirect Quotes/ Paraphrasing – The Europeans taught the natives many useful trade and skills as

a part of the process of cultural diffusion, (Doc #1).

4. Plagiarism– You MUST cite your sources.

Using Supporting Evidence

• Introduce the Quote: According to Frederick the Great….

• Use the quote “ _________________”

• Cite the quote “….., ” (the Great, Fredrick. World History Textbook, pg. 458).

• Analyze the quote. Explain why this quote supports your argument or why it is significant.

Example • Fredrick the Great and Marie Theresa greatly respected each

other despite the fact that they were rivals in central Europe. According to Frederick II, Marie’s achievements were “those of a great man,“ (textbook, pg. ____). While the Prussian ambassador described her as “most unusually ambitious,” with hopes of making the “House of Austria more renowned than it has ever been,”(textbook, pg. ___). By associating Marie Theresa with male traits both men acknowledge her as a strong ruler who was the equal of many of the other absolute monarchs of the era. Women during the Age of Absolutism were generally considered inferior to men and incapable of leadership positions yet Frederick acknowledges the accomplishments of Marie Theresa and shows his respect for her by comparing her to men such as himself, who were ambitious and highly accomplished rulers.

Spain

• Economic

• Social

• Political

• Ex of actions to achieve goals

France

• Economic

• Social

• Political

• Ex of actions to achieve goals

Austria

• Economic

• Social

• Political

• Ex of actions to achieve goals

Prussia

• Economic

• Social

• Political

• Ex of actions to achieve goals