Central & Eastern European Absolutism- Part II Austria
Prussia Russia
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Austria THIRTY YEARS WAR LLost ability to compete with Western
Europe IInstead aimed internally and at Bohemia and Hungary
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Versus Ottomans OOttoman private property Sultan system of rule
No Suleiman (see pic) Bureaucracy??? CChristian slaves NNot smart
ones became Janissaries TThrived on Christian tribute Religiously
tolerant Often kinder rulers than Christian emperors BButted heads
with Habsburgs (and Russians)
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The Golden Age of the Ottomans
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Golden Horn
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The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople
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The Fall of Constantinople: 1453
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Europeans vs. Turks
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The End of the Byzantine Empire
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Hagia Sophia
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Hagia Sophia - interior
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Illuminated Quran Page
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Janissaries
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Battle of Lepanto (1571)
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Austria Versus Bohemia BBohemia fell during Thirty Years War
Protestant nobility crushed and replaced Versus Hungary CConquered
by Habsburgs but never fully pacified SSurviving nobility were
highly influenced by Protestantism RRevolt against Habsburgs under
Prince Rakoczy failed but gained significant independence HHelped
in revolts by Ottomans Charles VI and the Pragmatic Sanction
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Charles VI (r. 1711-1740)
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Prussia Blown apart by Thirty Years War must face East
Geographical limitations sandbox of Europe NNo natural physical
barriers Military is used to build the state Junkers LLandowning
Prussian nobility GGiven status as head of military and complete
domination of their serfs in exchange for loss of real political
power
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Prussia & the Austrian Empire: 1721-72
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Prussia Great Elector WWhy called this? HHis goal- to weaken
the local estates (regional parliaments) and build absolutism WWar
during his reign (against Sweden and Poland and in response to
raids by the Tartars) allowed Great Elector to subjugate the
Prussian Estates The nobles were forced to choose security over
independence BBureaucracy and standing army basically the same
thing For example, soldiers collected taxes
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The Soldiers King SSolidified absolutism MMilitary nut Lived a
rigidly militaristic life BBuilt incredible army Tall soldiers
Prussia- 12 th largest population, but 4 th largest army
EExemplified hard work and living simply SSparta of the North
NNever spent his soldiers Frederick William I
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King Frederick I of Prussia (r.1701-1713) The Soldiers
King
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Russia European or not? YYes Geography, ethnicity, and desire
BBut Mongol Invasion MMongol Legacy on the Tsars AAbsoluter and
terribler power (similar to Ottoman) MMissed the Renaissance -
remain medieval/feudal RRise of Muscovite Russians BBest suck-ups
to Mongolians Ivans kicked out the Khans Newly independent Russians
saw themselves as the Third Rome Fall of Byzantine Empire
(Constantinople) to Ottomans Religion Eastern Orthodox Caesar-
tsar
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Population Center
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The Mongols Invade Russia
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Early Russia
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Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity
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Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505) Ivan III Tearing the Great Khans
Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.
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Russia Taming of the Boyars by the Ivans Khan-like Tsar had
enormous land-holdings Service nobility Got land, had to serve in
army relatively weak Ivan the Terrible Used secret police to crush
peasants further Nobles, in turn, ruthlessly oppressed their own
peasants Even merchants were bound to their cities Cossacks
Repeated uprisings Tsars almost literally owned everything in
Russia Romanov line Because of peasant revolts, the Romanovs
restored some rights to nobles, to unify with them against the
peasants
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Russian Boyars
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Russia Peter the Great Militaristic Great Northern War
Promotion by ability Complete domination of the nobility Desire for
a warm water port fight with Ottomans- Black Sea Fight with Swedes-
Baltic This is a recurring theme for Russia Westernization, but
mainly for military gain Grand Tour Europeans brought in to train
Russians Beard Law
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Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725)
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Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War
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Mimicry of French Absolutism Royal Cities SSt. Petersburg
Window to the West Built from scratch at great cost to nobility and
peasants evidence of absolutism Evidence of military victories
BBroad straight avenues radiating out from the center Palaces Like
Versailles
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Schnbrunn Palace
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Versailles
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Schnbrunn Palace
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Baroque 1600 1750. From a Portuguese word barocca, meaning a
pearl of irregular shape. Implies strangeness, irregularity, and
extravagance. The more dramatic, the better!
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Baroque Emotional Appeals to the commoner Grew out of the
Catholic Reformation Used by Absolutists
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St. Peters Basilica, Vatican City by Gialorenzo Bernini
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Church of Santiago de Compostella, Spain
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Church of Veltenberg Altar, Germany
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The Assumption of the Virgin Mary Egid Quirim Asam,
1692-1750
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Altar of Mercy, Germany, 1764
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David and Goliath by Caravaggio
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St. Bonaventure on His Deathbed Francisco de Zurbarn, 1629
