Auminium Sulphate

8/15/2019 Auminium Sulphate

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SPECIFICATION FOR ALUMINIUM SULPHATE


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N NWWSSDDBB// SS p peecciif f iiccaattiioonn f f oor r AAlluummiinniiuumm SSuull p phhaattee 66aass -- 11 CCAAPPCC :: MMPPCC :: DDPPCC :: PPPPCC :: R R PPCC ::-- JJuunnee 22001133

SPECIFICATION FOR ALUMINIUM SULPHATE

GENERAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE NUMBER

1 Ambient Conditions 6as - 2

2 Suitability for Potable Water 6as - 2

3 Definitions 6as - 2

4 Inspection and Testing 6as - 2

5 Marking 6as - 3

6 Protection during Delivery 6as - 3

7 Storing handling and hauling of Materials 6as - 3

8 Manufacturer's Certificate 6as - 3

9 Quality and workmanship 6as - 4

10 Technical Specification for Aluminium Sulphate 6as - 5 6as – 15

Revised on 23-06-2014


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GENERAL

1 Ambient Conditions

All materials shall be in every respect suitable for storage, use and operation in the

conditions of temperature and humidity appertaining in Sri Lanka.

The annual average temperature is 35 C while the relative humidity varies generallyfrom 70% during the day to 95% at night.

2 Suitability for Potable Water

Aluminium Sulphate will come into contact with potable water shall not constitute a

toxic hazard, shall not support microbial growth,

3 Definitions

The definitions given in the relevant standards which are referred to in the

specification shall apply for the terms used in this specification.

4 Inspection and Testing

The Manufacturer shall supply, furnish and prepare the necessary test samples of

materials and supply the labour facilities and appliances for such testing as may be

required to be carried out on his premises according to this specification. If there are

no facilities at his own works for making the prescribed tests the Contractor shall bear

the cost of carrying out the tests elsewhere.

The Engineer and nominated Inspection Authority shall have full access to all parts

of the plant that are concerned with the testing, furnishing or preparation of materials

for the performance and testing of work under this Specification.

The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer with reasonable facilities and space

(without charge) for the inspection, testing and obtaining of such information, as he

desires regarding the character of material in use and the progress and manner of thework.

Further all materials shall be tested to the appropriate tests at the manufacturer’s

premises and shall be supported by a test certificate from the manufacturer.

The format for test certificate shall be in accordance with the format given in the

schedule of particulars.

Contractor is held responsibility for the assuring quality of the goods supplied by him

until the final delivery point. Aluminium Sulphate is tested at the Employer’s final

delivery point by the Employer and goods shall conform to the standard for the

acceptance


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5 Marking

All markings shall be legible and durable unless otherwise specified and shall be as

specified in this specification.

6. Protection During Delivery

The contractor shall provide protection to the approval of the Engineer, prior to the

materials leaving the place of manufacture and shall maintain such protection until

the items reach their destination in order to guard effectively against damage during

transit and storage and the ingress of foreign matter inside the packages.

All details of the proposed method of providing such protection shall be submitted at

the time of tendering.

The cost of providing protection shall be included in the unit prices tendered in theBills of Quantities.

7. Storing, Handling and Hauling of Materials.

All materials shall be stored in an approved location and in such a manner as to

preserve their quality and condition.

Storage shall be in accordance with the manufacturers recommendation and shall be

stored in a dry place with a proper packing.

Materials and components shall be handled in such a manner as to avoid any damage

or contamination and in accordance with all applicable recommendations of the

manufacturers.

The contractor shall give instructions to the shipper on precautions to be taken in the

handling of materials during loading, towage delivery and unloading and shall give

particulars of these instructions to the purchaser.

8. Manufacturer’s Certificate

The Manufacturer shall supply to the Engineer a certificate stating that each item

supplied has been subjected to the tests laid down herein and conforms in all respects

to this Specification or such other Specification which has been submitted to and

approved by the Engineer. In addition to this, contractor shall provide certificate for

the conformity to the Standards (SLS 701: 1985) from the independent testing

agencies mentioned in General condition of contract.


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9. Quality and Workmanship

Aluminium Sulphate which are intended to supply shall be manufactured in a factory

which in compliance with the ISO 9001 : 2008 Quality Management System

Standards. Any certificate regarding product conformity and quality management

should be from an organization accredited to issue such certification and themanufacturer shall have this certification valid during the period of supply and

delivery of the materials. Document evidence regarding accredition together with the

scope of certification should be provided.


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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ALUMINIUM SULPHATE

1.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENT

All materials to be supplied under this contract shall conform to Sri Lanka Standard(SLS) 701 : 1985 – Specification for Aluminium Sulphate (Technical Grade).

1. Aluminium Sulphate shall be either in the form of Lumps or Powder

2. Colour – White to Greyish – White

3. Other Requirements

Table 1 A

CharacteristicsRequirements

Iron as Fe2O3 percent by mass, maximum allowable 0.7

Water soluble Aluminium Sulphate as Al2O3 percent by mass, min 16.0

Water insoluble matter, percent by mass, max 0.5

PH at 27 2 C, min 2.8

Arsenic as AS2O3 percent by mass, max 0.01

Heavy metals as Pb, percent by mass, max 0.02

Ammoniacal Nitrogen, percent by mass, max 0.03

Lump Size :-Lumps passing through 40.0 mm sieve, percent by mass, min

100

Age of Aluminium Sulphate from the date of manufacture when

shipping.

Not more than

02 months


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1.2. PACKING REQUIREMENTS

This material shall be supplied in 50 Kg. (or smaller) polisack bags with polythene

inner lining packing.

1.3 MARKING

Each package shall be marked legibly & indelibly with the following information :

(letter height shall be 50mm)

a) Name of the product

b) Name and address of the manufacturer and local agent

c) Trade mark,

d) Net mass, in kg.

e)

Type and Grade

(f)

Employer’s Name as ‘NWSDB’

(g) Conformity to standard as “SLS 701: 1985”

2.0 SAMPLING

2.1 LOT

The quantity of material belonging to one batch of manufacture or supply and

ordered for inspection at one time shall constitute a lot.. Weight of a lot shall be

50 kg or less.

2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF SAMPLING

In drawing, handling and preparing samples, the following precautions shall be

observed.

2.2.1 The samples shall not be taken from broken packages.

2.2.2 The sampling instrument shall be clean and dry when used.

2.2.3 The samples shall be placed in clean, dry and air-tight glass or

Suitable containers.2.2.4. The material being sampled, the instruments

and the containers for samples shall be protected from adventitious

contamination.

2.2.4 The sample containers shall be air-tight after filling and marked with

necessary details of sampling. Samples shall be stored in the shade.


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2.3 SAMPLING INSTRUMENTS

2.3.1 Sampling tube of sufficient length

2.3.2 Shovel

2.4 SCALE OF SAMPLING

2.4.1. Each lot shall be tested separately for ascertaining its conformity to the

requirement of this specification.

2.4.2 Sampling from Bulk

shovel shall be used to draw material from a heap or lorry or wagon.

At least 10 shovel full of material shall be drawn from a heap or a lorryor a wagon to represent the average of all parts of mass being sampled

and the material so obtained shall be thoroughly mixed and reduced by

coning and quartering to obtain a test sample.

2.4.2.1 Powder Material

Either a sampling tube of sufficient length shall be inserted or a

hole shall be dug to get material from top to the bottom of the

mass being sampled. The material so obtained shall be

thoroughly mixed and reduced by coning and quartering to

obtain a test sample.

2.4.3 Sampling from packages

2.4.3.1 The number of packages to be selected from a lot shall be in

accordance with table 2.

2.4.3.2 The packages shall be selected at random. In order to ensure

randomness of selection random number tables as given in SLS

428 shall be used.

2.4.3.3

In case of lump material, each bag selected as in 1.4.3.1 shall be emptied and sufficient quantity of material shall be drawn

from various parts of the mass being sampled.

2.4.3.4 The material obtained from each package shall be thoroughly

mixed and reduced by coning and quartering to obtain a test

sample.

2.4.3.5 Five sets of such samples shall be obtained from each package

for testing. Three of them shall be analyzed to take the average

value. The remaining two samples shall be sealed and kept for

future references.

Table 2 – Scale of Sampling


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Number of Packages in the lot Number of Packages to be selected

Up to 09

09 to 27

28 to 64

65 to 100

101 to 300

301 to 500

501 to 800

801 to 1300

1301 to above

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2.5 NUMBER OF TESTS

2.5.1 Each package selected as in 2.4.3 shall be inspected for marking

requirements. (This shall be done in case of sampling from packages

and may be done at the place of sampling.)

2.5.2 The test sample prepared as in 2.4.3.1 or 2.4.3.2 or 2.4.3.3 as the case

may be, shall be tested for all the requirements of this specification.

3.0 METHOD OF TEST

3.1 During the analysis, unless otherwise stated, use only reagents of

recognized analytical grade and only distilled water or water of

equivalent purity.

3.2 Tests for the requirements laid down shall be carried out as prescribedin SLS 312 and in SLS 701 : 1985.

APPENDIX B

DETERMINATION OF IRON

B.1 REAGENTS

B.1.1 Concentrated sulfuric acid, relative density = 1.84

B.1.2 Phosphoric acid, 25 per cent (V/V ) solution, prepared by using concentrated

phosphoric acid (relative density = 1.69)



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B.1.3 Sodium diphenylamine sulfonate indicator , 2 g/l

B.1.4 Potassium dichromate, standard volumetric solution,

c(K 2Cr 2O7) = 0.017 mol/l.

B.2 PROCEDURE

B.2.1 Weigh, to the nearest milligram, about 10 g of the sample and dissolve in

100 ml of hot water. After stirring for a few minutes, digest on a hotplate for

30 minutes just below the boiling point. Filter through a Whatman No. 42

filter paper (or equivalent). Wash with hot water until a washing is free of

sulfate (approximately 10 separate washings). Collect the filtrate and washings

into a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask and close with a stopper fitted with a Bunsenvalve. Add appromixately 3 g of granulated zinc and 8-ml to 10-ml of

concentrated sulfuric acid, (B.1.1). After the zinc has dissolved, boil the

solution for 2 to 3 minutes. Cool under running tap water.

B.2.1 Add 40 ml of phosphoric acid (B.1.2) and 4 drops of sodium diphenylamine

sulfonate indicator (B.1.3). Titrate slowly with potassium dichromate solution

(B.1.4), while stirring constantly, until the colour of the solution changes from

green to grey-green. Continue the titration until the first tinge of purple or

violet-blue appears. Run a blank determination.

B.3 CALCULATION

Iron, as Fe2O3, per cent by mass =

Where,

c is concentration, in mol/l, of the potassium dichromate solution

used;

V1 is volume, in ml, of potassium dichromate solution required for

the sample;

V2 is volume, in ml, of potassium dichromate solution required for

the blank; and

m is mass, in g of the sample.



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APPENDIX C

DETERMINATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE ALUMINIUM SULFATE

C.1 REAGENTS

C.1.1 Concentrated hydrochloric acid , relative density = 1.18

C.1.2 Concentrated nitric acid , relative density = 1.42

C.1.3 Methyl red indicator , Dissolve, 1 g of methyl red in 500 ml of 95 per cent

ethanol.

C.1.4 Concentrated ammonium hydroxide, relative density = 0.88

C.1.5 Ammonium nitrate, Dissolve, 2 g in 100 ml of water.

C.2 PROCEDURE

C.2.1 Weigh, to the nearest 0.1g, about 5 g of sample and dissolve in 100 ml of

water. Digest on a stream bath for 5 minutes. Stir and filter hot through a tared

sintered glass crucible. Wash with hot water until a washing is free of sulfate

(approximately 10 separate washings). Retain the residue for the water

insoluble matter determination in Appendix D. Transfer the filtrate andwashings into a 500-ml volumetric flask, cool to room temperature, and make

up to the volume with water. Transfer a 50-ml aliquot to a 400-ml beaker and

dilute with 150 ml of water. Add 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid

(C.1.1) and a few drops of concentrated nitric acid (C.1.2) and heat to boiling.

C.2.2 Add 3 drops of methyl red indicator (C.1.3) and a small amount of ashless

filter paper pulp. Neutralize with concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution

(C.1.4) and add 3 droops in excess. Boil for 2 minutes. Allow the precipitate to

settle and filter quantitatively through Whatman No. 41 filter paper

(or equivalent). Return the filter paper and contents to the 400-ml beaker, add

10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and macerate the paper to a pulp with

the aid of a stirring rod. Add 150 ml of hot water and 3 drops of the methyl red

indicator. Heat to boiling. Neutralizer with concentrated ammonium hydroxide

solution and add 3 drops in excess. Boil for 2 minutes. Allow the precipitate to

settle and quantitatively filter through Whatman No. 41 filter paper (or

equivalent). Wash the filter six times with hot ammonium nitrate solution

(C.1.5). Ignite the filter paper and precipitate in a tared curcible at 1200ºC.



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APPENDIX E

DETERMINATION OF pH

E.1 PROCEDURE

Weigh 5.0 + 0.1 g of the material and dissolve in 100 ml of freshly boiled and

cooled distilled water. Determine the pH of the solution at 27 + 2 ºC by means

of a suitable pH meter, using a glass electrode.

APPENDIX F

DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS

F.1 REAGENTS

F.1.1 Standard lead solution. Dissolve 0.40 g of lead nitrate (Pb (No3) 2) in water

containing 2 ml or 3 ml of concentrated nitric acid and make up the volume to

1 000 ml with water. Transfer 10 ml of this solution to a volumetric flask, add

2 ml or 3 ml of concentrated nitric acid and dilute with water to 1000 ml. One

milliliter of this solution contains 2.5 µg of lead (as Pb). The diluted solution

shall be freshly prepared.

F.1.2 Reagent A. Dissolve 25 g of triammonium citrate or 22 g of citric acid and 4 gof hydroxylamine hydrochloride in about 200 ml of water. Add dilute

ammonium hydroxide to bring the pH to 8.5. Dilute the solution to 500 ml.

Purify this solution by extracting with 15-ml portions of 0.01 per cent

dithizone solution until the final color of the dithizone extract is green. Wash

the aqueous reminder portion three times with 25-ml portions of chloroform

and finally with one 25-ml portion of carbon tetrachloride.

F.1.3 Thymol blue indicator solution, 1 per cent (m/V) solution in rectified spirit.

F.1.4 Ammonium hydroxide, 7 per cent (V/V) solution, prepared by using

concentrated ammonium hydroxide (relative density = 0.88).

F.1.5 Dithizone (Diphenyl thiocarbazone or Phenylazothionoformic acid) solution.

Dissolve 0.01 g of dithizone in 100 ml of carbon tetrachloride, (see Note 1)

shaking intermittently for 1 hour. Allow to stand overnight and shake once

again before using. This shall be kept in a cool and dark place. This gives a

0.01 per cenet solution. Filter, if necessary (see Note 2). Dilute 10 ml of this

solution to 100 ml with carbon tetrachloride in a 100-ml volumetric flask. This

shall be prepared fresh before determination. This gives a solution of 0.001 per

cent.



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NOTES

1. Carbon tetrachloride used should be further purified. One litre of carbon

tetrachloride is extracted with two portions of 25 ml of dilute ammonium

hydroxide and then kept over 100 g of activated carbon. Before use, it is

decanted and distilled at about 80ºC over a little fresh lime.

2. Sometimes dithizone solid and its 0.01-per cent solutions deteriorate on

storage. The 0.01-per cent solution should, therefore, be tested before further

dilution, by shaking 2 ml of the solution with 5 ml of 1-per cent ammonium

hydroxide. If the organic layer is only faintly yellow under these conditions,

the solution may be used. If it is deeply coloured it shall be discarded and

fresh solution be prepared. The solution as well as the reagent should be

stored in a refrigerator and exposure to sunlight should be avoided during

analytical work. To increase the stability of 0.01 per cent solution, it should be

covered with a thin aqueous layer saturated with sulfur dioxide.

F.2 PROCEDURE

F.2.1 Take several aliquots of standard lead solution (F.1.1) into a series of

separating funnels, add 5 ml of water and 10 ml of the Reagent A(F.1.2). Then

add 2 drops of thymol blue indicator (F.1.3) and bring the pH of the solution

to 8.5 by addition of dilute.

ammonium hydroxide (F.1.4). Add 5 ml of the dithizone solution (F.1.2) and

shake well for about 10 seconds. Drain the organic layers into stoppered

Nessler cylinders.

F.2.2 Weigh, to the nearest 0.1 g ,5 g of the sample and dissolve in 100 ml of water.

Take a suitable aliquot of the prepared solution, and transfer to a separating

funnel. Develop the colour as prescribed in F.2.1 Drain the organic layer into a

stoppered Nessler cylinder, add 10 ml of dilute ammonium hydroxide, and

shake for about 10 seconds. Note the volume of the standared with which the

colour of the test solution matches.

F.3. CALCULATION

Heavy metals, as lead, per cent by mass =

Where

is volume , in ml, of standard lead solution matching with the

test solution,

m1 is mass, in g, of heavy metals (as lead) equivalent to 1 ml of

standard lead solution, and

m2 is mass, in g, of the material in the aliquot taken for the test.

APPENDIX G



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DETERMINATION OF AMMONIACAL NITROGEN

G.1 REAGENTS

G.1.1. Sodium carbonate, 3 per cent solution.

G.1.2 Ammoniacal nitrogen standard solution. Dissolve 0.382 g of ammonium

chloride in small amount of water. Transfer the solution to a 1 – litre

volumetric flask and dilute with water to the mark. Pipette 50 ml of the

solution into another 1-litre volumetric flask and dilute with water to the mark;

1 ml of this solution contains 0.005 mg of ammoniacal nitrogen (N).

G.1.3 Potasium sodium tartrate solution. Dissolve 100 g of potasium sodium tartrate

in 200ml of water. Filter the solution through a glass filter S G 4 and add 10

ml 0f Nessler’s solution.

G.1.4. Nessler’s solution. Add 35g of mercuric iodide to 50 ml to 70 ml of water,

grind well in a mortar. Then add 25 g of potassium iodide. After it has

dissolved add gently a solution which is prepared by dissolving 200 g of

sodium hydroxide in about 800 ml of water and cooled. Dilute the solution

with water to 1 litre. Store this solution in a brown bottle and use the

supernatant liquid.

G.2 PROCEDURE

G.2.1. Weigh, to the nearest 0.1 g, about 5 g of the sample and dissolve in about 100

ml of water. Transfer the solution to a 500 ml volumetric flask and dilute with

water to the mark. Pipette 25 ml of the solution into a 100-ml flat bottomed

test tube. Add 5ml of sodium carbonate solution (G.1.1) and dilute with water

to 100 ml. Gently shake the test tube and stand to precipitate aluminium

hydroxide. Take 50 ml of the supernatant liquid into a 50-ml flat bottomed test

tube. This solution shall be used as the sample solution. In parallel take several

aliquots of ammoniacal nitrogen standard solution (G.1.2) varying from 0 ml

to 5 ml into separate 50-ml flat bottomed test tubes and dilute with water to 50

ml, to prepare the reference solution.

G.2.2. To each tube containing the sample solution and the reference solutions, add

2ml of potasium sodium tartrate solution (G.1.3) and 1 ml of Nessler’s

solution (G.1.4) mix well and stand for 10 minutes to develop colour.

Compare the colour of the sample solution with those of the reference

solutions and find the volume of the ammoniacal nitrogen standard solution in

reference solution, the colour of which matches best that of the sample

solution.



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G.2 CALCULATION

Ammoniacal nitrogen, per cent by mass =

Where,

is volume , in ml, of the ammoniacal nitrogen standard solution

and

is mass, in g, of the sample

4.0 AGE OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE

Aluminium Sulphate shall be new and age from the date of the manufacture

shall be not more than two months when shipping.

5.0 CONFORMITY TO SPECIFICATIONS

A lot shall be declared as conforming to the requirements of this specification,

if the following conditions are satisfied.

5.1 Each package examined as in 2.5.1 satisfies the relevant packaging and

marking requirements.

5.2 The test results on test sample when tested as in 2.5.2 satisfy the

relevant requirements.

5.3 Samples do not satisfy relevant requirements will be rejected.


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Auminium Sulphate