Augmented RealityTYLER OCWIEJA

What is Augmented Reality? The use of a computer to modify the perception of reality.

It is a live view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are supplemented by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data [1].

History 1901: L. Frank Baum, an author, first mentions the idea of an electronic display that overlays data onto real life [2]

History 1957–62: Morton Heilig, a cinematographer, creates and patents a simulator called Sensorama with visuals, sound, vibration, and smell [3].

History 1975: Myron Krueger creates Videoplace to allow users to interact with virtual objects for the first time.

Videoplace was the creation of an artificial reality that surrounded the users, and responded to their movements and actions, without the use of goggles or gloves [4].

History 1980: Steve Mann creates the first wearable computer. It was a computer vision system with text and graphical overlays of what the user was looking at [5].

History 1992: Louis Rosenberg develops one of the first functioning AR systems, called Virtual Fixtures, at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory—Armstrong, and demonstrates benefits to human performance [6].

History 1994: Julie Martin creates the first Augmented Reality Theater production, “Dancing In Cyberspace”

This featured dancers and acrobats manipulating body–sized virtual object in real time, projected into the same physical space and performance plane.

The acrobats appeared immersed within the virtual object and environments. The installation used Silicon Graphics computers and a Polhemus sensing system.

History 1999: Frank Delgado and Mike Abernathy report successful flight test of LandForm software video map overlay from a helicopter at Army Yuma Proving Ground overlaying video with runways, taxiways, roads and road names [7].

Head-Up Display

History 2000: Bruce H. Thomas develops ARQuake, the first outdoor mobile AR game.

History 2013: Google announces Google Glass augmented reality glasses. The glasses reach the Internet through Bluetooth, which connects to the wireless service on a user’s cellphone. The glasses respond when a user speaks, touches the frame or moves the head [8].

History 2015: Microsoft announces Windows Holographic and the HoloLens augmented reality headset. The headset utilizes various sensors and a Holographic Processing Unit to blend high definition holograms with the real world [9].

Applications

AR of the Future Bionic contact lenses are being developed. Elements for display are embedded into the lens including integrated circuitry, LEDs and an antenna for wireless communication [10].

A virtual retinal display (VRD) is a personal display device being development at the University of Washington's Human Interface Technology Laboratory. With this technology, a display is scanned directly onto the retina of a viewer's eye. The viewer sees what appears to be a conventional display floating in space in front of them [11].

The EyeTap captures rays of light that would otherwise pass through the center of a lens of an eye of the wearer, and substitutes synthetic computer-controlled light for each ray of real light [12].

Sources1. Graham, M., Zook, M., and Boulton, A. "Augmented reality in urban places: contested content and the duplicity of code." Transactions of the Institute of

British Geographers, DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00539.x 2012.

2. Johnson, Joel. “The Master Key”: L. Frank Baum envisions augmented reality glasses in 1901 Mote & Beam 10 September 2012.

3. http://www.google.com/patents?q=3050870

4. Kalawsky, R. S. (1993). The science of virtual reality and virtual environments : a technical, scientific and engineering reference on virtual environments, Addison-Wesley, Wokingham, England ; Reading, Mass

5. Mann, Steve (2012-11-02). "Eye Am a Camera: Surveillance and Sousveillance in the Glassage". Techland.time.com. Retrieved 2013-10-14.

6. L. B. Rosenberg. The Use of Virtual Fixtures As Perceptual Overlays to Enhance Operator Performance in Remote Environments. Technical Report AL-TR-0089, USAF Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH, 1992.

7. Delgado, F., Altman, S., Abernathy, M., White, J. Virtual Cockpit Window for the X-38,SPIE Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2000, Orlando Florida, Proceedings of the SPIE Vol. 4023, pages 63-70

8. Miller, Claire. [5], New York Times 20 February 2013.

9. Microsoft Channel, Youtube [6], 23 January 2015.

10. Greenemeier, Larry. Computerized Contact Lenses Could Enable In-Eye Augmented Reality. Scientific American, 23 November 2011.

11. Tidwell, Michael; Johnson, Richard S.; Melville, David; Furness, Thomas A.The Virtual Retinal Display – A Retinal Scanning Imaging System, Human Interface Technology Laboratory, University of Washington.

12. “GlassEyes”: The Theory of EyeTap Digital Eye Glass, supplemental material for IEEE Technology and Society, Volume Vol. 31, Number 3, 2012, pp. 10-14.