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HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX2
kakvX a\pjypw kmKZmbIhpw amKZi\n
sbpw kXymkXy hnthN\nsbpw kv]jvSamb
sXfnhpIfpsmpXpamb JpB AhXcnns
amkamWv daZm. AXvsImv \nfnemscnepw Cu
amkn\v kmyw hlnm Abm AXn {hXw
A\pjvTns (2:186)
lZvdv A_q lpssdd(d)bn \nv \nthZ\w: \_n (k)
Acpfn: "daZm amkw BKXambm kzKns
IhmS XpdsSpIbpw \cIns IhmS
ASsSpIbpw ssim _nX\mhpIbpw sNpw'
(_pJmcn)
{hXm\pjvTm\w sImv hnhnXw Hcp n]vX ImeLw
hsc ]m\mi\ sNmsX hniv klnpI
am{XasXv kvahyamWv. FmXcw tZmjfn
\npw AIp \npamdv t\mpImc ssZhkvacWbn
A[nIa[nIw GsncntXv AXymhiyamIpp.
hnip \_n(k) daZm amkn hfscb[nIw
ssZhmcm[\bn hym]rX\mhpI ]Xnhmbncpp.
BbXn\m t\mv Imev yt]bmZnIsf kw_n
NnIfn \nv hncanpIbpw B hI sIp]mSpIsf
Dt]npIbpw sNbvXpsImv {isbmw ssZhn
BnotXmWv. `uXnIamb `Wkm[\
e`nncns BXvaobmlmcsf Ipdnv Nnnm
a\pjy `mKylo\\mWv (Ckvemanse ApImcy).
]cnip daZm
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX4
bpK
i_
vZw
Ckvemanse Hcp auenI Ia-amWv{hXm-\p-jvTm-\w. Ckvemw \ntZ-in-n-
p Bcm-[-\m-Ia--fn t`Z-KXn
hcp-t--Xp-sv apkvenwI
Fp ]d-b-s-Sp Nne Xs
Cm-ev A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p-s-
Xv hyk-\-I-c-am-Wv. Ch Bflo-bm-
X _m[n--hcpw ssZh-I-ev]-\-I-
fn A`-hn-n-cn-p Xz-c-
lkyw {Kln-m--hcpw BIp-p.
Bym-flnI cwKv Imep-d-n-n-m-
-h {]kvXpX Iam-\p-jvTm-\-sf
kw_-n Imcy--fn ssII-S-
m {ian-p-Xv bpn-]qh-a-.
X Hcn-epw IS-p-sN-n-n -
m {]kvXpX Bflo-b-km-{am -
Pyn ]cn-jvIm-c- hcp-p--
Xn\v Ch Ir{Xna ]-Xn-I \ntZ-
in-p-p. Ch PohnXw apgp-h\pw
euInI Imcy--fn am{Xw sNe-h-
gn-p--hcpw Bflo-b-Im-cy--sf-p-
dnv hnh-c-an-m--hcpw BIp-p.
Blmcw Ipd-p-Ibpw hnip kln-
p-Ibpw sNp-Isb-Xv Bflm-
hns kwkvIm-c-n\pw ]ptcm-K-
Xnpw AXym-h-iy-amb Hcp Ia-am-
Ip-p. AXv Bfl-Zi-\-n-\p
insb t]mjn-n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.
a\p-jy -W-]-ZmY--fn am{X-
a Pohn-p--Xv. Cu Pohn-X-n-\p-
tijw Ah\p asmcp Pohn-X-ap-v.
\nXy-amb B ]mc-{XnI Pohn-Xs
Ae-y-am-n--f-bpIsb-Xv ssZh-
n \np th]m-Sn-s\bpw AXv
hgn Ahs A\n-jvSsbpw kzbw
hcn-p-I-bm-Ip-p.
{hXm-\p-jvTm\w sImp hnh-
nXw Hcp n]vX-Imew hsc ]m\m-
i-\- sNmsX hnip kln-
pI am{X-a-sv kva-hy-am-Wv.
Fm -Xcw tZmj--fn \npw
AIp \npam-dv t\m-p-Im-c
ssZh-kva-c-W-bn A[n-I-a-[nIw
Gs- n-cn-pI AXym-h-iy-am-Ip-p.
hnip \_n-Icow (k) Xncp-ta\n da-
Zm amk-n hf-sc-b-[nIw ssZhm-
cm-[-\-bn hym]r-X-\m-hpI ]Xn-hm-
bn-cp-p. BI-bm t\mv Imev
`y-]m-\o-bm-Zn -Isf kw_-n
Nn-I-fn \np hnc-an-p-Ibpw
{]kvXpX Imcy--fp-am-bp sIp-]m-
Sp-Isf Dt]-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-
sImp {i-sbmw Am-lp-hn-
Bn-ot--Xm-Wv. uXn-Iamb
`-W-km-[-\- e`n -n -cns
Bflo-bm-lm-c-s-p-dnv Nnn-
m a\p -jy `mKy -lo -\ -\m -
sWp thWw ]d-bp-hm. `Ww
Ign-p-Xv aqew ico-c-n-\p-_-ehpw
HmPpw \ne-\n-evp-Xv t]mse
Bflo-bm-lmcw aqew Bflm-hn\v
cbpw Bflo-b-i-n-Ifpw ssNX-
\yhpw knn-p-p. Fm-hn[ k^-
e-X-I-fp-sSbpw hmXn ssZhm-\p-{K-l-
m Xpd-p-am-dm-Ip--Xn hnP-b-
e -_v[nv Ah- \np -Xs
klmbw tXtS--Xm-Wv. _Z 181-
1907.
"daZ' kqtcym-jvW-n-\mWv ]d-
bp--Xv. da-Zm-\n a\p-jy `-W-
]m-\o-b--fp-sSbpw CXc imco-cn-Im-
\---fp-sSbpw Imcy-n a
ssIsm-p-p. asmv Am-lp-
hns Iev]-\-Imbn Hcp hn[-n-
ep Dujvamhpw Bth-ihpw kwPm-
X-am-Ip-p.- A-s\ Bflo-bhpw
`uXn-I-hp-amb Dujvam-hp-I Hm-
bn-tv da-Zm (c-p-hn-[-n-ep
da-Zp-I) Dm-Ip-p. da-Zm amkw
DjvW-Im-ev h-Xp-sIm-mWv da-
Zm F t]cv knn - -sXp
sshbm-Ic-W-m-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-
tmSp F\nv tbmPn-n-. ImcWw
CXv Ad-_n-Iv am{X-am-bp
{]tXy-I-X-b-. Bflo-b-ambn "daZ'
F-Xp-sImv Bflo-b-ambn A`n-cp-
Nnbpw B\-hpw Dujvamhpw BWp-
tiyw.
Alw 24-7-1901.
{hXhpw hnip Jp-B\pwlZvdv AlvaZv (A)
{hX-ns Bflob cl-ky-A\p- -h-n-eqsS am{Xw
tKm-N-c-am-Ip m\-fmWv
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX5
a\p-jys\ ssZh-`--\mn am-m Amlp \nivN-bn ]mh-\hpw {]mtbm-Kn-Ihpw AZv`p-X-I-c-hp-amb Hcp Iam-\p-jvTm-\-amWv {hXw. aX-tem-Iv kphn-ZnXhpw AXn-]p-cm-X-\-h-pamb
Hcp Bflob amK-hp-am-W-Xv. hnip Jp-B ]d-bp-p.
"Atbm hnizm-kn-Isf, \nv app--hmbn hn[n--s-n-p-Xv t]mse \n
mbpw {hXm-\p-jvTm\w hn[n--s-n-cn-p-p. \n Xqew "XJvhm' (`-b-`-n) D-h-cm-
bno-cm thn' (2:184).
hnip Jp-B Ah-X-cn amkw F {]tXy-I-X-bmWv da-Zms\ Ghpw al-\o-bhpw
AXp-ey-hp-amn Xop--sXv {kjvSm-hmb Amlp ]d-bp-p. Af-h Bflo-bm-\p-{K-l-
-fpsS \n[n-\n-t-]- D-S-nb B ]hn-{X-{Kw ]mcm-bWw sNm\pw lrZ-b-tmSp
tNv \nm-\p-ap k`w IqSn-bmWv hnip da-Zm. Amlp ]d-bp-p.
"kakvX a\p-jypw kmK-Zm-b-Ihpw amK-Zi-\-n-sbpw kXym-k-Xy-hn-th-N-\-
n-sbpw kv]jv-S-amb sXfn-hp-I Dsm-p--Xp-amb Jp-B Ah-X-cnn--s amk-
amWv "da-Zm'. AXv sImv \n-fn-em-sc-nepw Cu amk-n\v kmyw hln-m Abm
AXn {hX-a-\p-jvTn--s.' (hn. Jp-B 2:186).
hniv a\p-jy `b-s-Sp Hcp hnIm-c-amWv. AXn-s\-bmWv Ckvemw Bflobt]mj-W-
n-\p ^e-{]-Z-amb Hcp D]m-[nbmn amp--Xv. kwth-Z-t\-{n-b--sfbpw ico-c-sbpw
Bk-Iew hniv _m[n-pp. {hXw kzw ico-c-tm-Sp {]Xn-tcm-[-am-sWv hnip
Jp-B ]d-bp-p: "\n kzw icoc-tfmSv A\oXn {]hnp-I-bm-bn-cppshv
Amlp Adn-n- p-v. AXn-\m Ah \n-fp-sS ta I\nhv Imp-Ibpw \nv Bizm-
k-ta-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.' (2:188)
ssZh-n\np hn-I-p-t]m-Ip a\p-jy\v hopw ssZh-kva-c-W-bnepw Bcm-[-\-bnepw
kIa--fnepw apgp-Im\pw Bflob ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-m\pw kzKob Ihm-S- Xpd-
p-shv da-Zm Ah-k-c-sam-cp-p-p.
{hXm-\p-jvTm-\-s-]n dkq Xncp-ta\n(k) Acpfn:
"Xn-I kqn-m-\p ]cn-N-bmWv t\m.v t\mp-Im-c sXmb {]hrn-I sNm-
Xn-cn-p-Ibpw kwkvIm-c-iq-\y-amb hm-I ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNs. Ah-t\mSp iWvT
IqSp-Itbm Ah iIm-cn--s-Sp-Itbm sNbvsX-n "Rm t\mp-Im-c-\mWv' Fv cv
{]mhiyw ]d-b-s... da-Zm kam-K-X-am-bm kzKhm-Xn-ep-I Xpd--sSpw.' dkq Xncp-ta-
\n(-k) hopw Acpfn: "h t\mp-Im-c\pw sXmb hmpw {]hrnbpw Dt]-n-p-n-s-
n Ah Xs `-W-]m-\obw Dt]-n-p-Xn Am-lp-hn\v bmsXmcp Xmev]-cy-hp-
an.'
{hXs kw_-nv dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS Bflo-b-in-jy-\mb hmKvZ alvZn akolv
lZvdv AlvaZv (A) C{]-Imcw ]dp: "Blmcw Ipd-p-Ibpw hniv kln-p-Ibpw
sNpI FXv Bflm-hns kwkvIm-c-n\pw ]ptcm-K-Xnpw AXym-h-iy-amb Hcp Ia-am-
Ip-p. AXv Bfl-Zi-\-n-\p insb t]mjn-n-p-XmIp-p. a\p-jy -W-]-ZmY-
sImv am{X-a Pohn-p--Xv. Cu Pohn-X-n-\p-ti-jhpw Ah\v asmcp Pohn-X-ap-v.
\nXyam-bp B ]mc-{XnI Pohn-Xs Ae-y-ambn XpI FXv ssZh-n \np
th]m-Sn-s\bpw AXp-hgn Ahs A\n-jvSsbpw kzbw hcn-p-I-bmWv.' (Ckvemanse
Ap Imcy-).
{hXm-\p-jvTm\w :
a\p-jys\ ssZh- --\mn amp Znhym-bp[w
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX6
JpX
zv_ k
w{K
lw
lZvdv ankm akvdq AlvaZv (AZlp)
Jeo^p akolv
(13082010 \v Jeo^p
akolv ss_p ^pXqln
(e) shv \nhln PpapA
JpXzv-_-bp-sS- kw-{Klw.)
Fs kw_-nv FsZmk-m \ntmSv tNmZn-
p ]w, (]-d -bp -I)
\n-b-ambpw Rm kao-]-
-\m-Ip-p.-{]mYn-p--
hs {]mY-\bvv Rm
Dcw \Ipw; Ah
Fs hnfnv {]mYn-p-tm.- A-
Xp-sImv ,A-h Fs hnfnv
Dcw \Ip-Ibpw Fn hniz-
kn -p -Ibpw sN-s. Ah
kmw {]m]n-p--Xn\v thn.
(hnip JpB 2:187).
{hXm-\p-jvTm-\hpambn _-s
I]-\-I-sf-p-dn-p hni-Zo-I-c-W-
tm-S-\p-_-n-mWv Cu Bbv
hcp--Xv. AXm-bXv Am-lp-hns
Zmk-cm-IpXn\pw Ahs ZpB
kzoIm-cy-X-bpsS ImgvN-I ImWp--
Xn\pw ITn\{]bXv\w (ap-Pm-l-Z)
Bh-iy-am-Wv. daZm amk-nse
t\mp-Ifpw ITn\{]b-Xv\-amWv
\n \nv Bh-iy-s-Sp --Xv .
Cmcyw icn-bmb coXn-bn a\-n-
emnsmmWv Hcp hnizmkn
t\m-\p -jvTn -t--X v . R
shdpw hniv kln-m\, Am-lp-
hns Xr]vXn Ic--am-m thn-
am{XamWv t\m-\p-jvTn-p-Xv F
t_m[w Dm-bn-cn-t--Xpw- AXn-
\mh-iy-amb \n_--\-I GsXm-
s-bmWv Fv Adn-n-cn-t--
Xpam-Wv. Rm t\cs ]dXv -
t]mse t\mv \n \nv
ITn\{]b-Xv\-amWv Bh-iy-s-Sp--Xv.
CXp-sImv shdpw ]n-Wn-In-S-pI
Ftm Bcm-[-\-I-fpsS _mly-amb
tNjvS-Itfm A Amlp Dt-in-
p--Xv. Amlp Cu Bb-n
Xs, Xs hnfnv {]mYn-p-
hs {]mY-\-Iv Dcw
\Ipw FmWv ]d--Xv. Bcv
tNmZn-mepw DSs\ Xm Dcw
\Ip-satm GXv Xcw {]hrn
sNp--bm-fm-bmepw GXv kml-N-cy-
-fn-em-bmepw adp-]Sn \Ip-satm
]d-n-n-. ]d-Xv Fs Zmk-
m ZpB-bpsS kzoIm-cyX B{K-ln-
p -p -sh-n Ah-cpsS {]Ya
Ihyw Fs I]-\-I {ihn-
p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-cnv {]hn-
p-Ibpw sNpI F-Xm-Wv. ASp-
-Xmbn Ah Fn hnizm-k-
an-t--Xm-Wv. apkvenwIp-
I]-\-bm-Wn-Xv. Fn hnizkn-
p-Ibpw B hnizm-ks IqSp-X
ZrV-s-Sp-p-Ibpw AXn ]ptcm-
KXn {]m]n-p-sIm-n-cn -p-Ibpw
sNp -I. Fp-sIm-s-m
hnizmkw Fm
{kjvSm-hmb Amlp
Dv FXv Hcp {]mh
iyw am{Xw k-Xnm
t]mcm. hnizm-k-n
Ftmgpw ]ptcm -KXn
Bh-iy-am-Wv. Amlphn
ep hnizm-k-n A`n-hr-n -
bmWv Dm-tI--Xv. Cu Ah--bn-
se-n-t-cp -tm-gmWv kmKw
{]m]n--h-s\v ]d-bm km[n-p-I-
bp-p. IqSmsX bYmY hnizm-kn-
p m\hpw Atm am{X-
amWv e`n-p--Xv. Amlp hopw
]d-bp-p. kXy-k--ambn \-bn-e-
[n-jvTn-X-ambn {]hn-p-Ibpw
kmKn ]cn-]qWX ssIh-
cn-m-\p Imcy- At\z-jn-p-
Ibpw sNpI. Am-lp-hns Iev]-
\-I-\p-k-cnv {]hn-m\pw
Ah-t\m-Sp hnizm-k-n A`n-
hrn {]m]n-m-\p-ap Imcy-
\apv Fhn-sS-\n-mWv e`n-p-I.
AXv a\-n-em-m-\mWv Amlp
Xs {K-amb hnipJp-B
\apv \In-bn-cn-p--Xv. kmK-
Zm-b-I-amb Fm Imcy--fp-sSbpw
tiJcw AXn ImWm-hp-XmWv.
AXn-s\-p-dnv Amlp Jp-Bs
Bcw`-n Xs ]d-bp-p.
CXv ]cn-]qW {K-am-Ip-p.
CXn bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an -.
ap-Jo-v CXv kmK-Zm-b-I-
am-Wv. (hn.JpB 2:3)
kmKw tXSp--hpw Am-
lp-hn-ep hnizm-ks ZrV-s-Sp-
m B{K-ln-p--hpw \-
daZm:ssZh kmao]yns A\pKrloX amkw
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX7
bpsS ]mc-ay-X-bn-se-m B{K-ln-
p--hpw ZpB-bpsS kzoIm-cyX
B{K-ln-p--hpw Cu al-mb
{K-a-msX asmcp amK-hp-an-.
]cn-]qW-\mb {]hm-N-I-\n-emWv
AXv Ah-X-cn--Xv. Am-lp-hns ]cn-
ip--cmb Zmk-cm-Ip--Xn\pw ZpB
kzoIm-cy-X-bn ]m-fn-I-fm-Ip
Xn\pw Clhpw ]chpw \m-n-o
m\pw Am-lp-hns Iev]-\-I-
\p-k-cnv {]hn-p-I-b-msX av
amK--sfmpw Xs-bn-. AXv
hnipJp-B ]mcm-b-W-n-eq-sS-
bmWv e`y-am-hp-I. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb
amXr-I-I Am-lp-hns ]cn-ip--
\mb {]hm-N-I-\n \nv e`n-p--
Xm-Wv. bYmY-n lZvdv apl-
Zv apkvX^ (k) hnipJpBs
{]mhnIcq]-am-Wv. Cu `mK-
tv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {i-Xn-cn-p-
sImv Amlp ]d -bp -p.
\nv Am-lp-hns ZqX-\n
Xo-bmbpw Hcp Da amXr-I-bp-
v. -A-Xm-bXv Am-lp-hn -s\bpw
Ay-\m-fn-s\bpw `b-s-Sp-Ibpw
Am-lp-hns\ A[n-I-ambn kvacn-p-
Ibpw sNp--hv. (hn.JpB
33:22)
]c -tem -I -n -ep hnizm -
knepw ac-Wm\-cw Am-lp-
hns apn lmP-cm--s-Sp-sa
hnizm-knepw Bcm-[-\-Ifnepw
ssZhkvac-W-I-fnepsamw Xs
{]nb-\mb dkq-ens amXr-I-I-
\p-k-cnv {]hn-m {ianp
tmgmWv Amlp kzoI-cn-p--Xv.
Cu amXr-I-I-\p-k-cnv {]hn-
pI FXpw Am-lp-hns Iev]-
\-bn s]Xm-Wv.
\_n (k) Xncp-ta\n Xs amXr-
I -I -fn -eqsS \apv inWw
\InbtXm-sSmw Xs hnizm-kn-
Iv ]e D]-tZ-i- \Ip-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Am-lp-hns kmao]yw
Ic-K-X-am-m\pw Bcm-[\mIa-
\nh-ln-m\pw Xn-I-fn \nv
c-s-Sm\pw ka-kr-jvSn-I-tfm-Sp
IS-a-I-fn BZy-t-m-fp-]cn {in-
m\pap amk-am-Wv daZm amkw.
ZpB kzoIm-cy-X-bpsS amk-am-WnXv.
Cu amk-n \_n (k) bpsS {]hr-
n-I \qdn-c--nbn-e-[nIw h[n-p-
am-bn-cp-p. Zm\-[a- \Ip
Imcy -n kam -\ -X -I -fn -msX
{]hn-pt]mp. km[m-c-W- Znh-
k--fn sNbvXv t]m-- Imcy-sf
-t]mepw shm Bpw km[y-a-
. Fm lZo -kn hcp -Xv
daZm amk-n Atlns
Zm\-[aw in-tb-dnb Imn -t\-
mfpw thK-n-em-bn-cp-p Fm-Wv.
av Bcm-[-\m-Ia--fnepw Iev]-\-I-
fn-ep-samw CtX Ah Xs-bm-
bn-cp-p. AXp-sIm-mWv Rm ]d-
Xv {]hr-n-bn Atlns
ASpv t]mep-sa-m Bpw
km[n-p-I-bn-. Fmepw Atl
ns amXrI ]np-S-cm \tmSv
Iev]n-n-cn-p-p. B m\w hsc-
sb-m km[n-m--Xv sImv
A{]-Imcw {]hn-t--Xn
Fv Hcn -epw AY-an -. \mw
{]hn-p-n-s-n ]ns--s\-
bmWv Ah \apv amXr-I-bm-Ip-I.
Amlp Fm a\p-jy-cnepw Hmtcm
Ignh v shn -p -v . Cu hnj-
bsnbpw lZvdv akolv
auDuZv (A) khn-kvXcw {]Xn-]m-Zn-
n-cn-p-p. GXv hn[n-ep Ign-
hp-I-fmtWm Amlp \In-bXv
AXns\ D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-t--Xm-Wv.
Amlp Hmtcm-cp--cpsS Ign-hp-I-sf-
p-dnpw \mbn Adn-bp--h-\m-Wv.
a\p-jys Ign-hn-\-XoX-amb `mcw
Ah-\n Amlp Npa-p-I-bn-.
B Am-lp-hmWv \tmSv ]d-bp--
Xv, Cu amXr-I-I \n-fpsS apn-
epv, \n AXns\ ]n]t
Xm-Wv. A{]-Imcw amXr-I-I-\p-k-
cnv {]hn-p-tm \n-fpsS
Ign-h-\p-k-cnv \nv {]Xn-^ew
\I-s-Spw. \mw Hman-n-cn-t
asmcp Imcyw \psS Ign-hp-Isf
kakvX a\pjypw kmKZi\nsbpw kXymkXyhnthN\nsbpw kv]jvSamb sXfnhpIfpsmpXpamb JpBAhXcns amkamWv daZm (hn.JpB 2:186).
A_q lpssdd(d) \nv \nthZ\w: AmlphnsXncpZqX ]dnpv: Dbnsgpt\p\mfnJpB ]cmbWw sNbvXbm hcpw. AtmJpB ]dbpw: \mYm, Atls BSAWnbntWta, Atcw BZc kqNIambnhkv{X AWnbnsSpw. JpB ]ntbpw]dbpw \mYm, C\nbpw. Atcw BZckqNIambnIocoSw AWnbnsSpw JpB hopw ]dbpw:
\mYm, Atls \o Xr]vXnstSWta. AtmAtls Ah Xr]vXnsSpw. Cs\]dbsSpIbpwsNpw: "JpB HmXnsmncnpI, Dbc IbdpI.Hmtcm kqnepw h[\bpmIpw' (XnanZn) "\nfpsS
hoSpIsf \n ivaim\amcpXv. A_Jd ]cmbWwsNsSp hon sNIpm IbdpIbn'. (XnanZn, apkvenw)
hnip JpB ]mcmbWw
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX8
Xns-Sp-pI FXv a\p-jys
tPmen-bns--X-. Am-lp-hn\v
GXv hyn-bn GXv hn[-n-ep
Ign-hp-I-fpv FXv \mbn- -dn-bmw.
a\p-jys {]hrn AXn-\v thn-
bp {]b-Xv\s ]mc-ay-X-bn-se-
npI F-Xm-Wv. av Imcy-
Am-lp-hn\v hnSp-I. Hcp hnizm-kn-
bpsS {]hrn PnlmZv sNpI F-
Xm-Wv. Pnlm-Zns AYw Xs Xs
Fm Ign-hp-I-fp-ap-]-tbm-Knv sImv
]cn-{i-an-pI F-Xm-Wv. GsX-nepw
{]hr -n -bn ]qW-Xm]-cy -
tmSpw Fm Ign -hp -I -sfbpw
apn shv sImpw kzbw
_pnapp hn[-n {]hn-
pI. AXm-bXv Ahs Ign-hns
]c-am-h[n {ian-p-I. Pnlm-Zns
AYhpw CXv Xs-bm-Wv.
\_n(k)bpsS amXr -I -I
Amlphns I]-\-I-\p-k-cn-
p {]h-\--fpsS ]cn-]qW
cq]-am-bn-cp-p-shv Rm ]d-p.
daZm-\n AXns Akm-[m-cWamb
ImgvN-I ImWmambn-cpp. Fm
km[m-c-W-bmbn \_n(k)bn Ip-
h Bcm-[-\-I-fp-sSbpw D-X-kz-
`m-h-Kp-W--fp-sSbpw I-hy--fp-
sSbpw DZm-l-c-W-- am-cnepw
ImWm km[y-a-. \_n(k)bpsS
Bcm-[-\m-Ia-fpsS DX \ne-hm-
c-s-pdnp Nne DZm-l-c-W-
Rm \n-fpsS apn shp--
Xm-Wv.
Hcp \nth-Z-\-n C{]-Imcw
ImWmw. Hcn- IpXn-c-p-dv \nv
hoW Imc-W-m- \_n (k) bpsS
ico-c-ns Hcp `mKv kmc-amb
X-ta-p. FWov \nv \a-kvI-cn-
m t]mepw Ign-bpam-bn-cp-n.
AXp-sIm-v CcppsImmWv \a-
kvIm-c-n\v t\XrXzw \In-b-Xv.
Fm Pam-A-mb \a-kvIm-c-
n B Ah--bnepw bmsXmcp
hogvNbpw hcp-n-bn-. DlvZv bp-
th-f-bn Ccpv hf-b- Ihn-fn
Xd--Xv Im -cWw kmc-amb ]cn -
tp-Ibpw hmsX thZ\ kln-
p-Ibpw sNt--Xmbn hp.
As Znh -khpw _mns
i_vZw tI-bp-Ss\ km[mcW \a-
kvIm-c-n\v Fp-Xv t]mse
]n-bn-se-n. lZvdv Bbnim
(d) \_n(k) bpsS \a-kvIm-c--sf-
p-dnpw \^ \a-kvIm-c--sf-p-
dnpw AXns ssZLyhpw at\m-
lm-cn -Xbpw hnh-c -Wm-Xo -X-am -Wv
FmWv ]d--Xv. ]cn-]qW\mb
Cu Zmks Bcm-[-\-bpsS amXr-I-
I klm-_m--fpsS Bcm-[-\-I-
sfbpw at\m-l-c-am-namn. Amlp
]d-bp-p, Fs Iev]-\-I-\p-
k-cnv {]hn-s-n am{Xta
Fs kmao]yw \nv e`n-p-
I-bp-q. AXn\mbn Ghpw {][m-\-
s- Xpw ASn-m-\-]chp-amb amKw
Bcm-[-\m-Im-cy--fn IrXy-\n-jvT-
bp--h-cm-IpI F-Xm-Wv. Cu Bcm-
[\ FXv Cu daZm amk-n
{]tXyIw Xm]-cy -tm-S v IqSn
sNpI F-Xv am{X-a-. \mw \_n
(k) bpsS Pohn-X-n I-Xv
t]mse km[m-cW Znh-k--fnepw
bpm-h-k-c--fnepw tcmKn-bm-bn-cp
ka-bpw Zmk-Xz-ns IS-a-I
]men-p-sImv Pam-A-mb \a-
kvIm-c-sf ad-n-.
lZvdv akolv auDuZv (A) Hcp-
-ev C{]-Imcw Acp sNp-
p. Hman-p-sIm-pI. Ghpw {]Y-
ahpw Bh-iy-hp-amb ZpB Xn-I-
fn \nv Xs tamNn-n-m-\mbn
ZpB sNp-I F-XmWv. Fm ZpB-
I-fp-tSbpw bYmY cq]w Cu ZpB-
bm-Wv. Cu ZpB kzoI-cn--sv Ign-
m a\p-jy Fmhn[ amen-\y-
-fn \npw c-sv ]cn-ip-X
ssIh-cnv Am-lp-hns ImgvN-
bn ]cn-ip--\m-bn-o-cp--Xm-Wv.
Ah Xs CXc Bh-iy -
mbn sNp av {]mY-\-I
sNm-sX -Xs kzoI-cn--s-Sp-p.
]d-bp-p, hfsc hnj-a-I-chpw
{ia-I-c-hp-amb ZpB FXv Xn-I-
fn \nv ]cn-ipn ssIh-cn-pI
F-Xm-Wv. hf-sc-tbsd ZpjvI-chpw
{ia-I-c-hp-amb {]mY-\-bm-Wn-Xv.
Fm bYmY-n-ep ZpB CXv
Xs-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv Xs Xn-I-
fn \nv ipo-I-cn -pI F
ZpB. a\p-jy Xs Xn-I-fn
\nv ipo-I-cn -sn am{Xta
Ahs \ntZia\p-k-cnv {]hn-
m km[n-p-I-bp-q. hnip
Jp-B Am-lp-hns Iev]-\-
IsImv \nd-n-cn-p-p.
daZm amk-n Jp-B
]mcm -b -W-n {i-bp -m-hp -
tm, Zkv tIp-tm Cu
Iev]-\-I-sf-p-dnv {in-m\pw
Hmtcm hnizm-knbpw {ian-t--Xm-
Wv. \_n (k) bpsS amXr-I-I-sf-p-
dn-mWv ]d-bp--Xv. \_n(k)-bpsS
Bcm-[-\-I-fp-ambn _-s Nne
Imcy - ]d -p-I -g n -p.
\_n(k) bpsS av Nne DXkz`m-
h-Kp-W-sf kw_-nv Nne amXr-
I-I \n-fpsS apn shp--
Xm-Wv.
Hcp cnhm-b-n lpssZ^ _n
bam(d)]d-bp-p. Rm\pw Fs
kplrv A_q-k-lepw hon
\nn-d-n. _Zbp--n ]s-Sp-
p --Xn XSw t\cn - -Xns
ImcWw hgn -bn Jpssd-in -I
Rsf XS-v sImv apl--Zns
ASp-t-mtWm \n t]mIp-
Xv Fv tNmZn-p. R bp-
n ]s-Sp-n Fv Jpssd-in-
Iv hmv sImSp-t--Xmbn
hp. R dkq (k) s Xncp-
k-n-[n-bn lmP-cmb tijw \S
kw`-h- ]d-p. \_n (k) ]d-
p. \n \n-fpsS hmv ]men-
p-I. R i{Xp-s-Xn-cmbn
ZpB sImv klm-bw tXSp--XmWv.
CXmWv Am-lp-hns Iev]\I
-\p-kcnp D-X-amb \ne-hm-cw.
_Z bp-n Hmtcm AwK-n-
sbpw klmbw Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-p.
\ntj-[n-I-fpsS ssk\yw Fm hn[-
nepw apnem-bn-cp-p. Fm
apkvenw ssk\y-n\v _mly-amb
Hcp hnizm-kn-bmWv t\m-\p-jvTn-p--Xv. Fm
CS-bn Ifhv hpIgn-m hnizmkw Cm-Xm-
hp-p. Am-lp-hn\v thn-bmWv t\mv FSp-p--
Xv. Fm Ifhv hv Ign-m Amlphns
kmn[yw Cm-sX-bm-hp-p.
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX9
bmsXmcp ta-bp-ap-m-bn-cp-n-.
\_n(k) ]d-p. Icm sNbvXn-cn-
p-p. AXvsImv Icm ]men-p-
I. temIw Cu Zriyw I-Xm-Wv.
Ncn{Xw B kw`-h-sf kpc-n-X-
amn shp-Ibpw sNbvXp. i{Xp-
vt]mepw apl--Zn\v Xs
\mYs ta ]qW-amb hnizm-k-
apv FXv t_m[y-s-n-cp-p. ]cn-
]qW Zmk-\p-am-bp Xs kmao-
]y-ns hgn-I Amlp F-s\-
bmWv ImWn-p-X--Xv. \_n(k)
bpsS ZpB-bpsS ^e-ambn \ncm-bp-
[cpw _e-lo-\-cp-am-b-hv i-cm-
b-h-cpsS ta hnPbw \In Fv
am{X-a-, hy-amb hnP-b-amWv
km-\n--Xv. Xm ZpB sImv
Am-lp-hns klmbw tXSp-sav
]qWamb ZrV-hn-izm-k-tm-sS-
bmWv \_n(k) ]d--Xv. kXy-k--
amb hmKvZm -\ - \Ip
Amlp B ZrV-hn -izmks
]qn-bm-p-Ibpw klm-_m--
fpsS hnizm-ks IqSp-X ZrV-s-
Sp-p-Ibpw i{Xp- `b-N-In-X-cm-
hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. am-hn-P-b-th-f-
bn Hcp kv{Xo i{Xp-v A`bw
\Im-sav hmKvZm\w sNbvXp.
dkq(k) ]d-p. "Dp lm\o, \o
A`bw \In -b -hv Rm\pw
A`bw \In-bn-cn -p-p.' Hcp
hnizm-kn-\n-bpsS hmp-Isf hf-sc-
tbsd BZ-cn-p. Aen(d) hns\-tm-
ep Bfp -I Cm-cys
FXnn-cp-p. DXkz`m-h-Kp-W-
krjvSn-m-\mbn h \_n
(k) ]d-Xv hmv ]men-pI
Fm-bn-cp-p. "hmKvZm\w \In-sb-
n Rfpw B hmKvZm-\s
AwKo -I -cn -p -p' Fv Ah
]dp.
Cs kaq-l-n \apv
ImWm km[n-p-Xv \nm-c-amb
Imcy--fn t]mepw Icm-dp -I
ewLn--s-Sp-p. kaq-l-nse
kam-[m-\w -Xs \jvS-s-Sp-p. ap-
-h-cn AXv hf-sc-b-[n-I-am-sW-
n Pam-A-n-ep--h-cnepw AXv
ImWm Ign-bp-p. Nne k`--
fn tIkp-Ifpw av {]iv\-fpw
hcp-tm Imcy- km[n-m-
\mbn Ifhv ]d-bp-p. hmv ]men-
p-n-sv am{X-a Ifhv ]d-bp-
Ibpw sNp-p. C-c-m Am-
lp-hns Zmk-Xz-n \nv ]pd-
-s-Sp-p.
a\p-jy Xs {]hr-n-I-fn
Ifhv tNp-tm Am-lp-hns
ImgvN-m-Sn A-c-m inv
sNp--hv Xpey-cm-Wv. inv
sNp--hv Am-lp-hns Zmk-
cm-Im\pw km[n-p--X-. hf-sc-b-
[nIw `b-s-tS m\amWn-Xv.
\nm-c-amb Nne Imcy- sXmb
coXn-bn hymJym-\n-p-Xv sImv
{]iv\-an, AXv If-hn s]Sp-I-bn-
sv Nne Icp-Xp-p. Fm
CXpw If-hns--Xp-X-s-bm-Wv.
\_n (k) C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-I-bp-m-
bn. tIdnhneqsS am{Xw Adn
Imcy- ]cs ]dv \S-p-
h Ifhv ]d-bp--h-\m-sW--
Imcyw a\-n-em-p-I.
Am-lp-hns kmao]yw Ic-K-X-
am-Im \nm-c-sav tXmp Imcy-
t]mepw \mw Dt]-n-t--
Xmbn hcpw. Ccw Imcy--fn-emWv
Am-lp-hn\v essv ]d-tb--Xv.
\psS hnizmkw ZrV-X-c-am-Ip--Xv
Ccw Imcy--fn-eq-sS-bmWv. daZm-
\p-ambn _-sv \_n(k) \psS
{i Hcp Imcy-n-tev {]tXy-I-
ambn Wn-ncn-pp.
lZvdv A_qlp-ssdd (d) \nth-
Z\w sNp-p. \_n (k) C{]-Imcw
Acp sNbvXp. Ifhpw _-s
{]hr-n-Ifpw Dt]-n-m--bm
Am-lp-hn-\p- thn hniv kln-
Xv sImv bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-
an
asmcp cnhm-b-n C{]-Imcw
hcp -p, t\mv ]cn -N-bm-Ip -p.
Ifhpw hntZz-jhpw AXns\ tOZn-
p-Xv hsc.
Hcp hnizm-kn-bmWv t\m-\p-jvTn-
p--Xv. Fm CS-bn Ifhv
hpIgn-m hnizmkw Cm-Xm-
hp-p. Am-lp-hn\v thn-bmWv
t\mv FSp-p--Xv. Fm Ifhv
hv Ign -m Amlphns
kmn[yw Cm-sX-bm-hp-p. s]mXp-
hmbn If-hns\ inn\v Xpey-am-
bmWv ]d--Xv. Cu daZm\n
Ccw Imcy--sf-p-dnpw Nnn-
t--Xp-v. Nne _e-lo-\-X-I-sf-
p-dnv Bfl]cn-tim-[\ \Sp
Ibpw AXns\ Cmbva sNp-Ibpw
sNt--Xm-Wv. Fn am{Xta Am-
lp-hns bYmY Zmk-cm-hm km[n-
p -I -bp -q. Atm am{Xta
hnizmkw ZrV-am-m\pw Ahs
hmp-Iv essv ]d-bm\pw
km[n-pI-bp-q.
hnipJp -B-\n Amlp
kaq-l-ns IS-a-I-sf-p-dnv hni-
Z-ambn ]d-n-p-v. \_n(k) bpsS
Pohn-X-nepw CXn-s\-p-dn-p
Imcy- ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. AXn-
semv c-_--sf Imp-kq-
n-pI F IS-a-bm-Wv. ]ecpw
Cm-cy-n {in-m-dn-. c-_-
-sf Dun-bp-d-n-p Imcy-
s-n Am-lp-hns I]\ Jp-
B-\n-ep--Xm-Wv. Fm \nmlv thf-
I-fnepw Cu Bbv ]mcm-bWw
cm{Xnbn Aev] kabw B JpB HmXnsmv \o
DdapWv \akvIcnpI; \n\v sFNvOnIamb Hcp
]pWyIasa \nev. \ns \mY kvXpXylamb
m\v \ns Dbntbmw (hn. JpB 17 80).
A_qlpssdd(d) \nv \nthZ\w: \_n(k) Acpfn: \psS
\ \nd cnXmhv Fm cm{Xnbnepw cm{XnbpsS aqnsemcp
kabw Ahtijnp kabv BImintev Cdnhcpw.
Ah ]dbpw. hh\pw Fs hnfnp {]mYnp ]w
Ah\v Dcw Rm \Ipw. hh\pw FtmSv tNmZnp
]w Ah\v Dcw Rm \Ipw. hh\pw FtmSv
]m]tamN\n\mbn {]mYnp ]w Rm s]mdpp
sImSppw (_pJmcn).
XlpZv \akvImcw
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX10
sNsSm-dp-v. Fm Cu I-
hy-\nh-l-W-Im-cy-n Imcy-amb
{i-bp-m-Im-dn-. c-_--sa-Xv
]pcp-js mKpw kv{XobpsS mK-
p-apv. Cu ISa \nhln--s-Sp-
I-bm-sW-n Hcp]mSv {]iv\-
Cm-sX-bm-hp--Xm-Wv. Ccw tIkp-
I A[n-I-cn-p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. Cs
kml-N-cy-n Hp-an sshhm-
l nI_- -f n - e p a p -m -I p
sshIey-v ImcWw CXv Xs-
bm-Wv. \_n(k)c-_--sf
Dun-bp-d-n-pI am{X-a-, ape-Ip-Sn-_-
-s-tmepw _lp-am-\np t]mp.
Cs Npp-]m-Sp-I-fn-ep-m-bn--sm-
n-cn-p {]iv\-sf Cmbva
sNm Cu amXrI ]p\x-m-]n-t-
-Xm-h-iy-am-Wv. ]c-kv]-c-ap _-
sf hne -a -Xn -m -Xv `mcym -
`Xr_--fn hn-ep-m-p-
p. Amlp ]d-bp-p. Fs Zmk-
\m-hm B{K-ln -p-p -sh-n
Bcm-[-\-I-fpsS IS-a-I ]men-p-I,
DXkz`mh KpW- kzmb--am-
p-Ibpw Fs av Zmk-tcmSp IS-
a-I ]men-pIbpw sNpI. AXn-
\mbn \_n (k) bpsS amXrI
Amlp \apv apn shn-cn-p-
p. Cu Ah---\p -k -cn v
{]hn-s-n am{Xta \mw Am-
lp-hns kmao]yw Ic--am-p--
h-cm-Ip-I-bp-q. akolv auDuZv (A)
Cu hnj-b-hp-ambn _-sv C{]-
Imcw Acp sNbvXp "Amlp
]dbpp Rm \n-fpsS ASpv
Xs-bp-v. ]t \n Fn
\nv hfsc Zqc-m-Wv. AXp-sImv
\n-fpsS {]hr-n-Isf \m-n-
smv Fs-b-Spv hcn-Ibm-sW-
n Fs kmao]yw e`n -p -
XmWv.' cv `mK-t-p-ap
Imcy-am-Wv. CXnepw BZyw Zmks
`mK-v \n-mWv Ne-\-ap-m-tI--
Xv. \mta-hcpw Cu bmYmYys a\-
n -em -p --h -cm -I -s. lZ vdv
akolv auDuZv (A) ]d-Xv t]mse
Xn-I-fn \nv c-s-Sm-\mbn \mw
ZpB sNp--h-cm-tI--Xm-Wv. A{]-
Imcw Cu A\p-Kr-lo-X-am-k-n
Am-lp-hns A\p{K-l- \-
fn Cd-p-am-dm-I-s. \mw ssZh-km-
ao]yw knn--h-cm-sWv ]d-bm
\apv km[n-s. daZm amk-n
ZpB sNt Hcp Imcyntev
\n-fpsS {i Wn-p-I-bm-Wv.
AXv sNbvXvsIm-n-cn -pps
nepw Hp-IqSn Hma-s-Sp-p-I-bm-
Wv. ]mIn-kvXm\v thnbpw Ahn-
Ss AlvaZn-Iv thnbpw
{]tXy-I-ambn ZpB sNp-I. Amlp
Ahmbn Ftmgpw Xs A\p-{K-
l-ns Ihm-S- Xpd-p-Ibpw
i{Xp-hns Fm KqV-X-{-fpw
atmSv tNpIbpw Pam-A-ns\
Xs {]tXyI kwc--W-h-e-b-n
shpIbpw Xs AZv`pX {]Xn- m-k-
ImWn-pIbpw sNp-am-dm-I-s.
Am-lp-hns ImgvN-bn P\-v
tZmj-ap-m-p--hsc Cmbva sN-
s. ]mIn-kvXms Ctm-gs Ah-
-sb-p-dnv Ahn-Ss t\Xm-
v Hpw Adn-bn-. FmWv
kw` -hn -m t]mIp-sXv
Ahv a\-n-em-Ip-n-. Amlp
Ahv ta IcpW sNmcn-b-s.
Ckveman -sbpw AlvaZn -n
sbpw ]ptcm-KXn BZy-s-m-fp-
]cn ImWn-p-X-cpam-dm-Is.Bao
(hnh. F. i^oJv AlvaZv
]ncnbw)
lZvdv apkvenlv auDuZv (d)
Bcw`n A\pKrloXamb Xlvcov
PZoZv ]Xn daZm\pambn At`Zyamw
hn[w _apXmWv. daZms
KpWKWsfn ]cmain
tijw apkvenlv aDuZv(d) C{]Imcw
]dbpIbpmbn.
\n daZm\n \nv
{]tbmP\w t\Sm B{Klnpp
shn Xlvcov PZoZn ]mfnI
fmhpI. daZm \psS tZtlNvO
Isf \innpXpw Xlvcov PZoZv
\psS BXvamhn ]pXpPoh
\IpXpambn Xocs. GsXmcp
daZm\mtWm XymKfnmsX ISp
t]mIpXv AXv daZm\. BXvamhn\v
]pXpPoh \ImsX GXv Xlvcov
PZoZmtWm ISpt]mIpXv AXv
Xlvcov PZoZpa.(JpXzv_m PpapA
4.11.1938) apkvenlv aDuZv (d) XpScpp.
daZms Ahkm\s ]p
Znhk Xlvcov PZoZv aptJ\
IcKXamb XymKkwcw`v \n
ImWnm\pw `mhnbn Acw
ku`mKyw Icamm\pw hn\ntbm
KntXmWv. Ign sImw
[\XymKv `mKyw e`nh
AXnmbn ssZh \n \ndtht
XmWv. ZpB sNp Hmtcm Bfpw
Ccw XymKw sNphv
thnbpw ZpB sNtXmWv.
Ah Zo\n\v in e`npXnv
thnbpw PamAn s
A`nhrnv thnbpamWv Ccw
XymKw A\pjvTnXv. F{Xam{Xw
BXvamYambpw kvt\ltmSp
IqSnbpamtWm Ah B XymKw
sNbvXXv XZ\pkrXambn Amlp
Xs A\p{Klfpw _p
Ifpw AhcpsS ta sNmcnbp
amdmIs (A ^k15.11.1938).
]pWyZmbIamb daZms
A\p{Kl ]qXbnsem
daZm 15 \p apmbn Xlvcov PZoZv
hmKvZm\w ]qnbmWsav apkv
enlvauDuZn(d) s {]tXyI D]tZi
amWv. BKkvXv 23\v apv Xlvcov
PZoZ v hmKvZm\w ]qnbm
nbhcpsS t]cpI ZpBv thn
lpkq Xncpa\n\p apn
kanp Xmbncnpw.(hoep am Xlvcov PZoZv
JmZnbm)
Xlvcov PZoZpw ]pWy daZm\pw
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX11
Ckvemw AXns A\pbmbnImbn \ntZinnp Bcm[\
Ifn {]Yahpw {][m\hpambXv
\akvImcamWv. CkvemanImcm[bpsS
BXvamhmWnsXv ]dbmw. Znhkhpw
Apt\cw Hcp apkvenw ssZh
kn[nbn t]mbn\npIbpw
\nZnjvS cq]nepw {Ianepw
Bcm[\\SpIbpw thWw. Ah
BZyw "hpkp' AYhm AwKipn
A\pjvTnWw. AXmbXv ssIIfpw
apJhpw apssIIfpw ImepIfpw
\nZnjvS coXnbn IgpIWw. CXv
Ckvemw \njvIjnp imcocnI
ipNnXzhpw ]cnipnbpw ssIhcp
pXmsWv am{Xa, ieyfpw
XSfpw {]thinp Fmhgn
Isfbpw AXmbXv IpI,
ImXpI, aqv, hmb, ssIImepI
Fnh {]Xn\n[m\w sNp
AvC{nbsfbpw Imp
sImphm klmbIcambn Xocp
Ibpw sNpp. BXvaob Imcy
sfpdnp Nnnm Ignhp
hv CXv Ffpw {Klnm
Ignbpw. kabhpw ehpw t]mcm
Xn\m Rm CXns hniZoIc
Wntev ISpn, "hpkp'
F]Zw Xs Cu cp Dtiy
sfbpw kqNnnpp. ipNnXzw
Fpw kucyw FpamWv CXns
AYw. BIbm "hpkp' A\p
jvTm\w imcocnI ipNoIcWw
hcppp. BXvaob]cnipnpw
CXv A\pt]WobamWv . CXv
Bcm[IcpsS a\n Dmp
BtemN\miey {]Xntcm[np
Ibpw XSbpIbpw sNbvXvsImv
\akvImcs kpcamnop
Ibpw {]mY\bpsS bYmY
Dtiyw k^eoIcnpXnv
km[yamnopIbpw sNpp.
hpkp FSptijw Bcm[I
IAv_v t\sc apJw Xncnp
\akvIcnm \nWw. ssZh
amKn C{_mlnw \_n(A)
sNbvX XymKsfbpw AXns
^eambpmb \Isfbpw Bcm[
Is\A\pkvacnnm\ptZinmWv
C{]Imcw IAv_bpsS t\sc apJw
XncnpXv. ]noSv Abm Nne
\nZnjvS hmIy DcphnSpp,
BZy hmNIns Hmas mKw
ssZhs kvXpXnpIbpw hmgvp
Ibpw sNpXmWv . AXv aptJ\
Ah ssZhns {]Xncq]w
ZinpIbpw Bcm[INnfn
ssZhkvt\lhpw ssZh Zi\n
\p A`nhmRvObpw \ndp
XpfppIbpw Abm {]tXyI
\nebn BIjnsSpIbpw
sNpp. cmw `mKv, Xs
hfbpsS KXn{Ianse Fm
ZiIfnepw ssZhns klmb
sbpw ]npWsbbpw B{ibn
pp Fp ]dbpp. As\
Xs \nlmbXsb Gp]dbpIbpw
sNpp. As\ Xs \nlmbX
sbIdnv BXvakwkvIcW
ntepw A[nIamb ssZhm{ib
ntepw \bnsSpp. aqm
as `mKv {]mY\Ifpw A`b
bmN\Ifpw ASnbncnpp.
CXmWv \akvImcns ImX.
{]mY\bneqsS a\pjy ssZh
ImcpWys BIjnsSppp,
a\pjy kvt\lhpw ssZhkvt\l
hpw kwtbmPnptXmsS ]pXn
sbmcp BXvaob krjvSnp
_oPmhm]w sNsSpp. BWpw
s]pw Xnep kwtbmKneqsS
]pXnsbmcp a\pjyinip cq]w
sImpXv t]mse.
Npcpn \akvImcw BXvao
bamb A\p{Kl \nd Hcp
IaamIpp. a\pjys bpn
t_m[w AXwKoIcnm \n_\v[n
Xambnocpp. Fm AXv
^e{]ZambnocpXn\v Ckvemw
\ntZin {Ianepw AXv
\n_amnb \n_\Iv
hnt[bambpw A\pjvTntnbncn
pp.
CkvemanI icoAv {]Imcw
\akvImcw A\pjvTnpXn\v
\nZnjvSamb Nne _mly Ne\
AXntXmb Nne kqNImY
DsmphbmIpp. \akvImc
\nhlWn Bcm[I hnhn[
Lfnembn ssIsIn\np
Ibpw ImappIfn ssII shv
Ip\nbpIbpw ssII Ccp]pd
fnepw Xqnbnp \npIbpw
\nev IpnSpIbpw ImepI
aSnbncnpIbpw sNtXpv.
Cu Ne\sfmw Xs hnhn[
cmPyfnse hn\b{]IS\fp
\akvImcwlZvdv ankm
_iodpo alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)
teJ
\w
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX12
sSbpw kaWcoXnIfpsSbpw
{]XoIft{X. Nne cmPyfn
ssIIsIn \np sImmWv
]cn]qWamb hWw {]ISnnp
Xv. apNnteSfnemhs, ssII
cpw Xqnbnp sImpw. {]mNo\
CuPn]vXn appIfn tass
shp Ip\nbpXv BZc{]IS\
ns {]tXyI coXnbmWv.
CybnemIs kmjvSmwK {]Wmaw
BWv {]NmcnepmbncpXv.
bqtdmnemIs appIpn Ipnp
sImmWv hWw {]ISnnpI.
Cu BZc{]IS\sfmw Ckveman
s Bcm[\mk{Zmbn
tImnWnbncnpp.
\akvImcw km[mcWKXnbn
Iqmbn \nhlnWsamWv
Ckveman InsncnpXv.
kmtlmZcyns Bthiw CXv
aptJ\ hfsSWsamWv
DtinsnpXv. Cu I\
{]Imcw Hcp cmPmhv \akvImcw
A\pjvTnptm Ghpw XmW
InSbnep Hcp sXmgnemfn
tbmsSmw tXmtfmSp tXm tNp
\nWw. \akvImcw FXv
shdpw Hcp _mly{]IS\w am{Xa.
AsXmcp bmYmYyw XsbmsW
Xntep inamb sXfn
hmIpp \akvImcns lrZb
hPIamb ImgvN. ChnsS Hcp
cmPmhns sNtm amnshv Hcp
km[mcWmct\msSmw sXmp
cpn ssZh khn[n \nm
\n_nX\mbnocpp.
\akvImcw ssZhn \nv
Fsnepw e`npXn\v thnbp
A\pjvTm\amsWpw ssZh
tmSp hnet]iemsWpw
Bt]nsSmdpv. t\tcadn
mWv kXymh. Ckvemw am{Xam
Wv Cu Bibs XnfXv.
Ckvemans Bcm[\m{Iaw euInI
Imcymbn Hcm \Sp
Bn]nSn AY\b. Amlp
hns A\p{Klfpw ImcpWy
{]IS\fpw AwKoIcnpIbpw
Ahp \n {]ISnnp
Ibpat{X \akvImcns AXn{]
[m\amb Dtiyw. C{]Imcw sNpn
sn a\pjy F t]cn\v Hcm
Al\mXmbnocpp. cma
Xmbn BXvaob ]ptcmKXnsbemm
nbpw Hcm A{]Imcw sNpp.
JpB ]dbpp.
"Rm Fs Zi\w sImv
\nsf A\p{KlnpamdmIpXn
\pw Fs A\p{Klsf ap\n
n \nv \n {]Iminnp
Xn\pambn Atbm a\pjysc,
\n Fs Bcm[nphn;
\n \nbnmhcmImXncn
phn'(2: 152) Bcm[\bpsS
Dtiyw \n {]ISnnpIbpw
BXvaob]ptcmKXn ssIhcnp
IbpamsWv CXv a\nemn
Xcppv.
hnip JpB Hcpev
]dbpp. "\akvImcw Fm Zphr
nIsfbpw XnIsfbpw XSbp
p'.(29:46)
Xncp\_n(k)tbmS v Atlw
Fn\mWv \akvImcfnepw
{]mY\Ifnepw apgpInbncnp
sXv Hcm tNmZntm "Rm
Fs \mYt\mSv \nImWnt
Zmk\mbncntXt' Fv Xncnp
tNmZnpIbpmbn.
\akvImcs]n hnip Jp
B hopw ]dbpp. "AdnbpI
\akvImcw aptJ\lrZbn\v
imnbpw kam[m\hpw e`npp'.
(13:29) \akvImcw aptJ\ Hcmv
ZrVm\w ssIhcnIbpw Fm
kwibfpw AIsSpIbpw
sNpp. Xnanw `uXnI
temIv hnhn[fmb ey
ssIhc nm\phg nIfpX v
t]mse \akvImcw BXvaob ]ptcmK
Xnp Hcp amKhpamIpp.
Npcpn asmcp aXn
sbpw Bcm[\m{Ian\pXmbn
AhImisS m\ mI mh n[ w
At\Iw sshinjvSy \akvImc
n\pXnt\msSmw AXv AKm[
amb kXy DsmpXm
bpw ImWmw. Bcm[IcpsS bYmY
amb Dtiyeysf AXv Fm
hn[nepw Xr]vXnIcambn t\Sp
hm klmbnpp. kmXznIX
ssIhcnm\p Htctbmcp]m[n
bmWXv. Bcm[\bpsS _mlycq
] IsmgnmhpXmsWv
[cnphimbnph KpcpXcamb
]nghnsv Dgephcs{X.
A{_lmw (C{_mlnw \_n(A))
Atln\v Fm \Ifpapmbn
cpnpw samsi(aqkm \_n(A))
Fm XymKfpw A\pjvTnnpw
tbip(Cukm \_n(A)) Fm
hn\bhpw Xmgvabpw ImWnnpw
aplZv \_n(k) ]cn]qWX
bpsSbpw alXzfpsSbpw ]ca]Z
nembncpnpw Acw Bcm[\m
Ia IsmgnbpIbpmbn
spw lrZbns Bcm[\bn
am{Xw Xr]vXn Ism Ahv
Ignncpnspw hcptm,
{]`mXw apX {]tZmjw hsc uXnI
eymbp {]h\
fn apgpInbnphv AXv
IqSmsX Ignmsapw Bcob
kvacWbn hym]rX\mbncpp
sImv Bcm[\bpsS ey
t\Sphm Ignbpsapw Fs\
hnizknm\mhpw? {]Xyamb
Bcm[\mIa Hcp {]IS\w
am{XamsWpw AXvsImv bYmY
\ t\Sm\mhnspw ]dbpXv
Bekyns ^ehpw a\mn
bpsS is l\np Ifbm
t{]mml\w \Ip \S]Snbpw
XfpsS hnizmkcmlnXys adv
shm\p Hcp BhcWhpw am{X
amsWv a\nemm {]bmkan.
A_qlpssdd(d)bn\nv \nthZ\w: daZm\nse kpv
(Xdmholv) \akvImcsn dkq Xncpta\n(k) IqSpX
t{]mml\w \Insmncpp. ]t \n_ambn AXv
Ievnn. AhnSv ]dbmdpv daZm\n hh\pw
hnizmkZmVytmsSbpw {]Xn^teNvOtbmsSbpw \akvImcw
\nhlnppshn apIgnsNdp]m] Ah\p
s]mdpsSpw (apkvenw)
Xdmholv \akvImcw
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX13
AlvaZnm {]m\ m]-IlZvdv AlvaZp JmZn-bm\n (A)
BK-X-\mbn temIv Fv ]cn-
h-\-amWv hcp-n-b-Xv, AlvaZn-
v temI-n\v Fv \In Fo
tNmZy Nne A\lvaZn apkvenwI-
fn \nv D-bn--s-Sm-dp-v. ]cn-
]qW ico-Av {K-amb hnip
Jp-B Dm-bn-cns hnizmk
{]am-W--fnepw Ia-]--Xn-I-fnepw
Ckveman \npw hn`n-hpw
hyXy-kvXhpw Bb \ne-]m-Sp
kzoI-cn -p -sImv ]pXn -
sbmcp {]m-\ -n\v
Fp {]k-n-bm-Wp--Xv
Fv Ah tNmZn-p-p.
cm-aXmbn AlvaZn-
v Ckvemw aXs
Xs-bmWv {]t_m-[n-p-
-sX-n ]ns ]pXn-
sbmcp {]m-\-ns
Bhiyw Xs FmWv
Fv Ah tNmZn-p-p.
Hm-as tNmZy-n-
\p Dcw AlvaZn-
v temI-n\v bYmY Ckvema-
msX asmpw Xs \Ip-n
Fpw apl-Zo ico-A-n Hcp
hntm ]pntm amw hcp-p-
n Fp-am-Ip-p.
cm-as tNmZy -n -\p
kwn]vX adp-]Sn CXm-Wv, AlvaZn-
v Ckvemw am{X-amWv \Ip--
Xv. Fm Ctm ImW-s-Sp
Ckvemw 73 aX-hn-`m-K--fmbn Nnn-
n-X-dn-n-S-p-I-bm-Wv. ]c-kv]cw
hnizm-k- ssh-cp-y-ap Ckv emamWv
Cp ImW-s-Sp --X v . Fm
lZvdv hmKvZ akolv (A) Htc
Hcp aX-ambn lZvdv apl-Zv
apkvX^(k)sImp-h Ckvem
amWv {]t_m-[n-pXv. lZvdv
akolv auDuZv (A) Ckvemans
]p\Po-h-\-n\pw ico-A-ns
]p\x-m-]-\-n-\p-amWv Xm BK-
X-\m -b -sXv {]kvXm -hn -p -p.
Atlw Acp sNp-p.
""Amlp Fs ]Xn-\memw \qm-
ns Xe- Xs `mK-p-\nv
kpi Ckvemans ]p\-cp-m-\-
n\pw ]cn-jvI-c-W-n-\p-ambn \nbp-
-\m-n-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ien
adn Cu Ime-L--n hnip
Jp-Bs \-Ifpw lZvdv \_n
Icow (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS al-Xz-
fpw {]I-S-am-p--Xn\pw Ckveman
s\ B{I-an -p -sIm -n -cn -p
AXns i{Xp-sf F\np \I-
s Znhy{]Im-i--fpsSbpw A\p-{K-
l--fp -sSbpw Znhy-m-\--fp -
lZvdv akolv auDuZv (A)hnizm-k-tem-Iv hcp-nb Bflob hnhw
ap-l-Zv Da, \mC_v \mkn AAvem, JmZn-bm
hnip Jp-B-\pw kppw Dm-bn-cns
AlvaZnm Pam-A-ns {]k-n-sbv F
tNmZy-n\v teJ-I adp-]Sn ]d-bp-p.
teJ
\w
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX14
sSbpw klm-b-tmsS {]Xn-tcm-[n-p-
Ibpw sNp--Xn\p thn-bmWv' (_-
d-m-p-pB t]Pv 23).
ChnsS Atlw Xs cp hn[-
n-ep BK-a-t\m-t-iy-amWv hy-
am-p--Xv. Hv apkvenwIsf hgn-tI-
Sn-sbpw \ncm-i-bpsSbpw ]Sp-Ip-gn-
bn \npw c-s-Sp -p-Ibpw
Ckvemans bYmY Aym-]-\-
sf Ahv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-I-bpw
cm-a-Xmbn Ckveman-s\-Xn-cmbn sN-
s-Sp _mly-amb B{I-aW-sf
{]Xn-tcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNpI F-Xm-
Wv. Atlw Xs Cu cv Dt-iy-e-
y-sf F{X Iv {]mhn-I-
amn Fv \app t\mmw.
lZvdv alvZo ako-lns Bhn
`m-h-Im-e-p-m-bn-cp Ckvemans
apJw lZvdv \_n Icow (k) Xncp-
ta -\n -bpsS Ime-p -m -bn -cp
Ckvemans apJ-am-bn-cp-n-. Ckv
emans ASn--m\-]-c-amb hnizm-km-
Zi--fnepw k]--fnepw Hsm-
mbn hyXn-bm-\w h-Xmbn \app
ImWm km[n-p-p.
kPoh ssZhwCkvemans ASn-m\ Xz-
amb XuloZv Ah-ti-jn-m coXn-
bn inpw inp-ambn _--s
_nZv-A-p-Ifpw Ckveman ]Sp
]nSn-n-cp-p. Hcp `mKv Am-lp-
hns kwkm-c-i-nsb \ntj-[n-p-
I-bm-sW-n adp-`m-Kv GI-ssZ-h-
ns apm-sI-b-msX BcpsS
apnepw Ip\n-bm-Xn-cp s\n-Sw
hnhn[ J_-dp-Ip-ap-nepw ZKI-
fnepw Ipn-Sm XpS-n. Fs ASn-
bm-dp-I Fs-p-dnv tNmZn-p-I-bm-
sW-n Rm\nXm ASp-p-X-s-bp-
v, Fs hnfnv {]mYn-p--hs
{]mY\ tIp Rm Dcw \Ip-
p (_-J-d) Fv Amlp Acp
sNp-p.
Fm ]cn-Xm-]-Icsav ]d-bs
Cp apkvenw kap-Zmbw A[x-]-X-\-
ns ]Sp-Ip-gn-bn sNp ]Xn--
tm Am-lp-hns kwkmcin
\in-p-t]m-bn-cn-pp Fp ]d-p-
sImv {]mY-\-bpsS ess
\n-tj-[n-m XpS--n. Ccw \ncm-
im-P-\-I-amb Ime-L- -n lZvdv
AlvaZv (A) Acp sNpp;
""\psS ssZhw ]-s-tmse
Ctm-gpw kwkm-cn-p-p. ]v tIn-
cp --Xp -t]mse Ctmgpw Ah
tIp-p. Cu Imev Ah
tIp-p-sh-nepw kwkm-cn-p-
n F hnNmcw ASn-m\ cln-
X-am-Wv. Fm Ah tIp-
Ibpw kwkm-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
Ahs Fm hn[-n-ep khn-ti-
j-Kp-W-fpw A\-iz-chpw imiz-
Xhpw BWv. Ahs Hcp kn^pw
Zp_-e-am-b-Xm-bn-n (A hkn-
v t]Pv 8)
Atlw Am-lp-hns\ Ipdn-p
Xs hnizm-khpw ImgvN-mSpw am{X-
a Dt_m-[-n-n-n-cp--Xv. adnv AXn-
\p sXfn-sh-tmWw Xs AkvXn-
Xzs temI-ns apmsI
{]Zin-n-p-I-bp-m-bn. CXv kw_-
nv Fm aX--scbpw Atlw
shp-hn-fn-p. Npcp--n hnizm-k-
tem-Iv Atlw hcp-nb Ghpw
henb hnhw Atlw kPo-h-\mb
ssZhs temI-n\v ]cn-N-b-s-
Spn Fp am{X-a AXn-\p sXfn-
sh-tmWw Xs ]cn-N-b-s-Spn
F-Xm-Wv. Atlw Xs Hcp Ihn-
X-bn ]d-bpp:
Hm JpZm A_v `n _\mm sl
Pnkv sk Nmsl Ieow
A_v n Dkv sk t_mm sl
Pnkv sk shm IXm sl ]ym.
B ssZhw Ctm-gpw Xm Cn-
p Bsf Znhy-`m-j-W-hn-t[-b-\m-
p -p. Ctmgpw Ah Xm
kvt\ln-p BtfmSv kwkm-cn-p-
p. (Zp sd kao)
kPoh {]hm-N-IkPo-h -\mb Am-lp -hns
AkvXn-Xz -n\p tijw lZvdv
Jm-ap--_n-o apl-Zv apkvX
^m (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS m\w hcp-
p. hnip Jp-B-\n \np a\-
n-em-m km[n-p-Xv lZvdv
dkq Xncp -ta -\n(k)p e`n
\nkvXp-eyhpw AXn-a-l-m-b-Xp-amb
m\w "aJmsa J-ap-p-_p-v'
F-Xm -Wv . Cu m\-ns
amlmflyw At-l-ns Jps
JpZvkn F ]cn-ip Bflo-b-
in aptJ\ temIw \ne-\np--
Xp-hsc Fm-hn[ ssZho-Im-\p-{K-l-
fpw e`y-am-Ippsh-Xm-Wv. AXm-
bXv C\n-ta \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k)
aptJ\ am{Xta Fm-hn[ Znhym-\p-{K-
l-fpw Fn-t\sd \p_p-pw
e`y -am -Ip -I-bp -q. Fm Cu
Imes apkvenwIfpw Ah-cpsS
]fin-X-mcpw lZvdv dkq-ep -
m(k)v e`n-n-cp Cu al-mb
m\s Iosg Cd-n-smv
Amlp \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n(k)aptJ\
\p_p-v F A\p-{K-ls \ndp-
sNbvXncnppshp ]d-bp-
p. AXm-bXv dlvapen Be-
ao-\m-b, ssZhm-\p-{K-ln-bmb At-l-
ns BK-a\w \p_ps
Bflo-bm-\p - {K -ls \ndp -
sNp--Xn-\m-bm-sWp hniz-kn-p-
p. CXv \_n Xncp-ta-\n(-k)p
ssZh-Z--ambn e`n Znhy-m-
\s CSn-p-Xm-gv-e-msX as-
mWv?
lZvdv hmKvZ akolv (A)
BK-X-\mbn lZvdv dkq Xncp-ta-
\n -bpsS Cu Znhy-m-\-ns
bmYmYyw hni-Zo-I-cnp Xp. C\n-
ta dkq Xncp-ta-\n-(k)bpsS A\p-
[m-h-\hpw A\p-k-c-Whpw Fm-hn[
Bflo-bm-\p-{K-l-p-ap \nZm-\-
am-sWp Atlw {]kvXm-hn-p.
Xncp-\-_n(-k)sb ]cn-]qW-ambn
]nXpS-cp-Xp \nanw Hcmp
\p_p-v F m\w IqSn e`n-
p--Xm-sWv Atlw m]n-p.
CXn-\mbpw Atlw Xs-s
FSpp ImWn-p. Fnp ]d-p:
_ X hlvav h Kpam sk,
Al-aZv Io im sl,
PnkvIm Kpemw tZtJm akolp
am sl.
lZvdv apl-Zv \_n-bpsS
alXzw Fm-hn[ k-pw
AXo-X-am -Wv. t\mpI At-l-
ns Zmk Ime-ns ako-
lmbnon-cn -p -p. (Zpsd
kao)
C{]-Imcw lZvdv hmKvZ
akolv Ah-X-cn-p-sImv lZvdv
dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)bpsS Znhy-m-
\s {]Im-i-]q-cn-X-amn ImWn-p-
X-p. Poh-\p ssZh-n-ep
hnizm-k-tm-sSmw Fspw Poh-
p {]hm-N-I (k) Xncp-ta-\n-
bpsS bmYmYyhpw amlm-flyhpw
temI-n-s- ap-msI shp.
kPoh {Kwhnip Jp-B kpc-n-Xhpw
]cn-]qWhpw BtKm-fhpw Bb ico-
A-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb ssZhoI {K-am-Ip-
p. Fm hnip Jp-B-\nse
Nne hN-\- ap Nne hN-\-
aptJ\ Zp_ew (akq-Jv) B-s-
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX15
n -cn -pp F \mi-Im-cn -bmb
hnizmkw apkvenwI-fn IS-p-Iq-Sn-
bn-cp-p. Nne Jp-B hymJym-Xm-
hnip Jp-B-\n Zp_-e-am-
-s hN-\- 500 BsWpw
Nne 200 BsWpw Nne 20
BsWpw Nne 5 BsWpw hmZn-
n-cp-p. ASn-m-\-c-ln-X-amb Cu
hnizmkw hnip Jp -Bs
ksb If--s-Sp-p--Xm-bn-cp-
p. lZvdv hmKvZ akolv BK-
X-\mbn Cu If-s ipo-I-cnv
ImWn -p -X -p. Atlw Acp
sNpp: Nne ]fin-X-m kXy-hn-
cp--amb hgn-bn IqSn Nne lZo-kp-
Isf Nne Bb-p-I-fpsS \mkn-
Jmbn (Zp_-e-s-Sp-p--Xm-bn)
KWn-p-p. Fm hmkvX-h-n
bYmY-n-ep \kvJpw G-p-d-
hp-Ifpw Jp-B-\n A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-
. ImcWw CXv \nanw Jp-Bs\
hymP-s-Sp-pI FXv A\n-hm-cy-
am-bn-o-cpp. (A lJv ap_m-
lk t]Pv 90, 91)
hopw Atlw Acp sNp-
p, hnip Jp -B-\nse Hcp
hntbm ]pntbm akq-J-. (\n-
ims\ Bkvam\n t]Pv 30)
lZvdv hmKvZ akolv Xs
hnhn[ {K-, hnm-]-\-
Fnh hgn \mknJv, akqJv {]iv\-
s-p-dnv apkvenwI-fpsS a\-p-I-
en hen -sbmcp hnhw Xs
krjvSn-p. Ctm Ch Cu \mi-
Im-cn-bmb Nn-bn \nv Xu_m
sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.
Uln-bn \np ]pd-s-Sp
A PwC-bv F ]{Xw 1963 \hw-
_ 10- mw Xnb-Xn-bnse ]Xn-n Fgp-
Xpp:
"\mknJv, akq-Jns hnhm-Z-
n hf-sc-b-[nIw hyXn-bm-\-
kw`-hn-p-t]m-bn. hmkvX-h-sa-s-
m hnip Jp-B-\nse Hcp hN-
\hpw Zp_-e-a-.'
CtX {]Imcw hnip Jp-B
]cn -`mj sNm ]mSn F
sXmb [mcW apkvenwI-fn IS-p-
Iq-Sn-bn-cp-p. CXp ]m]hpw \njn--
hp-am-sWpw Ah Icp-Xn-bn-cp-p.
lZvdv hmKvZ akolv BK-X-
\mbn Cu sXmb ks
Fs-t-p-ambn ambn-p-I-f-p.
Am-lp -hns A\p - {K -l-m
AlvaZnm apkvenw Pam-Av 76
temI-`m-j-I-fn hnip Jp-B
]cn- mj sNbvXv temI-sapw hym]n-
n-p-I-bp-mbn
Npcp--n lZvdv alvZo
akolv BK-X-\mbn Hcp kPoh
ssZhsbpw Hcp kPoh {]hm-N-
Is\bpw Hcp kPoh {K-sbpw
temI-n\p ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n. CXv
Atlw hnizmk temIv hcp-
nb AXn-a-l-mb hnham-Ip-p.
lbm-s-a-kolv F anYym-hn-izmkwapkvenwIn-S -bn Ckvem
an\pw lZvdv dkq Icow(-k) Xncp-
ta-\npw A]-am-\hpw If-hpw A]-
a-cym-Zbpw Gs-Sp-p Hcp hnizm-
kw, C{km-Cu-eyv am{Xw Ah-
XoW-\mb lZvdv Cukm \_n
(A) AYhm tbip-{InkvXp acn -
msX 2000 hj--fn-e-[n-I-ambn
BIm-iv qe-i-co-c-tm-Sp-IqSn
Pohn-n-cn-p-p-shpw Ah-km-\-Im-
ev lZvdv apl-Zv \_n(k)-bpsS
D-mb apkvenw kap-Zmbw hgn-tI-
Sn-em-Ip-tm Ahsc kap--cn-p-hm-
\mbn Atlw BIm-ip \np
Cdn hcp--XmWv Fp-am-Wv.
lZvdv hmKvZ akolv Ah-
XoW\mbn hnip Jp -B,
lZokpI, Ncn-{X-k-Xy-, a\p-jy-
_pn Fn-h-bpsS ASn-m-\-n
apkvenwI-fpsS Cu sXmb hnizm-k-
n \nv Ahv tamN\w \In.
apl-Zo D-ns\ kap--cn-m
]pdp \nv Hcp ]cnjvIm-hn-
tbpw Bh-iy-an-sv kbp-nIw
sXfn-bn-p.
apkvenwIfpw Ah-cpsS ]fin-X-
mcpw lbms akolv F
{]iv\w Ckvem-ans ASn-m\
Xz-am-sWv Icp-Xn-smv Cu
hnizm-ks \ncm-I-cn-p--hs-
Xn-cn Ip^v ^Xvh ]pds-Sp-hn-p-
Ibpw CkvemanI hr-n \nv
]pdw X-s--h-cmbn KWn-p-Ibpw
Dm-bn. Fm Ah-km\w Cu
Iq Xs lZvdv alvZo akolv
D-bn sXfn-hp-I-fp-sS shfn--n
lZvdv Cukm \_n (A) CXc a\p-
jy-sc-tm-sebpw CXc {]hm-N-I-m-
sc-tm-sebpw arXn-b-S-p-shp
hniz -kn -m \n_-n-X-cm -bn -
op. Iivao-cn \np ]pd-s-
Sp "{io \K ssSwkv'(1970 sabv 2
ew) Amam knZv \nkm
lpkv\n Xs Hcp teJ-\-n ]d-
bp-p.
""Nne cnhm-b-p-I-fpsS ASn-m-
\-n lZvdv Cukm \_n(-A)sb
Bcm-[n-p {]h-WX Ak-l-\o-b-
am-b-Xm-bn -on-cn -p-I-bm-Wv.
Cukm \_n h^m-m-bn-cn-p-p-
shp hniz-kn-n--Xp-sImv X
JmZn-bm\n {]iv\s A\p-Iq-en-p-
Ibpw BZ-cn-p-Ibpw BsWp
Bcpw [cn-p-t]m-I-cp-Xv. adnv X
Adn-hn-s\bpw _pn-sbbpw BZ-cn-
p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. (Cu Adnhpw
_pnbpw lZvdv hmKvZ ako-
lns BK-a-\-n\p apv Fhn-sS-
bm-bn-cpp?]-cn.) teJ\w XpS-cp-p.
""AkwJyw A\-lvaZo De-am-fpw
^pJ-lm-fpw Cu hnizm-ks
A\p-Iq-en-p-sImv X-fpsS D-X-
amb {K--fnepw Jp -B
hymJym-\--fnepw At-l-ns ac-
W-s-p-dnv sImn-tLm-jn-p-I-bp-
m-bn. ssiJv lm^nkv apl-Zv
iqvsdIvS A Akvl
bqWn-thgvknn, ssiJv apl-Zv
A_vZplp ankvcn, Amam apl-Zv
cnkmAa-\m, Amam apkvX-
adm-Kn, k kZv Alv aZv Jm,
auem\m k\m-Dm AarXv kcn,
auem\m A_p Iemw Bkm-Zv,
Amam CJv_m apX-emb ]fin-
X-m Cukm \_n acnv t]mbn-cn-
p-p-shp hy-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
(Xp-S-cpw)
Dp Aznb(d)bn \np \nthZ\w: A:]pcn Ccnpkv{XoIsfbpw BhImcnIsfbpw s]cpm ssaXm\tvsImphcphm \_n(k)RtfmSv Ievnncpp. Ah apkvenw IfpsSPamAnepw {]mY\bnepw ]sSppw. EXpaXnI \akvIm cn\nv AIv \npw. Hcp kv{Xo tNmZnp: Amlphns ZqXtc,Rfn Hcphv hkv{Xansntem? AhnSv ]dp: AhfpsSktlmZcn Xs hkv{Xn \nv Ahsf [cnns.
(_pJmcn)
s]cpm \akvImchpw kv{XoIfpw
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX16
F.AlvaZv Jm, Ifnbnmhnf
lZokpIfntesmcp{lkz Zi\wlZokpIfntesmcp{lkz Zi\w
lZokpI CkvemanI {]amWfnse {]_e
tcJIfmW.v CkvemanI Iaimkv{X \nanXnbnepw
a\pjy kwkvIrXnbpsS ]cnt]mjWnepw \nkvXpe
kw`mh\I \Inb lZokpIsfn
"\nv Amlphns {]hmNI\n Da amXrIbpv' (hn.Jp
33:21). "ssZhsbpw Ahs Cu
{]hmNIs\bpw (aplZv) A\p
kcnq'(hn.Jp 5:92). a\pjy cmin
p ssZhnI Iev\bmWnXv.
ssZhnI Iev\A\pkcn
krjvSnPmefpsS ISabmWv.
ssZhsbpw Ahs {]hmN
Is\bpw A\pkcnWsan
ssZhnsbpw Ahs {]hmNI
sbpw hmpIfpw {]hrnIfp
adnncntXpv. hnipJp
B ssZhnI hN\hpw Cu Zriy
{]]w Ahs {]hrnbpamWv.
Amcyw \apdnbmw. ]t
{]hmNI hN\fpw {]hrn
Ifptam? Ahsbmw HcpanpIqn
bpXmWv lZokpI.
lZokpI hnm\ns Zo]\mf
krjvSnIfn t{ijvT\mb
a\pjy\v ssZhw Nnminbpw
kzX{amb {]h\tijnbpw
\In A\p{Klnp. ssZh Zmk\mb
\_n(k)bmIs ssZhlnXm\p
kcWw kzw IaneqsSbpw
Aym]\fneqsSbpw a\pjys
NnmtaJesb kzm[o\nv Ahs
{]h\v Znimt_m[w
\In, s\pw ]XncpsatmWw
Ah\v \XnI thXncn v
ImWnpsImSpp. [manIaqey
Fsdnbm Atd_y
aWemcWynse a\pjyarKsf
kwkvIcnv AymXvanI ]ptcmK
XnbpsS DpwK irwJfntev
ssI]nSnpbn. AXv Ahcntev
hnm\ns Zo]inJbpsS
ssIamambncpp. AXv ]I
{]`bmIs temIsbmIam\w
Zo]vXampIbpw sNbvXp.
lZokpI hnip JpBshymJym\
hnip JpB\v \_n(k)
\Inb hymJym\fpw hniZo
IcWfpamWv lZokpI. ssZh
Iev\{]ImcamWv \_n(k) AXv
sNbvXncpXv . ssZh Iev\
t\mpI: "Cu ]cn]qW DZvt_m
[\w (hn.JpB) \mw AhXcnnp
Xncnpp. Ahmbn (P\
mbn) AhXcnns ktiw
Ahv hnhcnpsImSppI. Ah
Nnns (hn.Jp B 16:44).
hnip JpB\nse Aym]\
fpw Iev\Ifpw AXv DZvtLm
jnp ssZhnI KpWamlmXvay
fpw shdpw hmb\sImpam{Xw
A\mbmtk\ {Klnm Ignbp
ItYm]mJym\f. hniZoIc
Wfpw {]mhnI amXrIIfpw
sImpam{Xw a\nemm Ignbp
\nch[n \nKqV clky
AXnepv. DZmlcWn\v ssZhnI
KpWamlmXvayfpsS Imcyw
FSpmw. ssZhw AZriyImcy
fdnbph\mWv, {]mY\kzo
Icnph\mWv, khi\mb
Ah CNvOnpsXpw sNm
{]m]vX\mWv. Ahs\ sXcbphs\
Ah {]Imintev \bnpp,
Ah\nNvOnp Ahs CjvSZm
ksc shfn]mSpI \Inb\p{K
lnpp, Ahcntev amemJamsc
Abpp Fo ssZhnI KpW
amlmXvay tIhew hmb\
sImv am{Xw {Klnmhphbm
tWm? A, kzw A\p`hm\
ns shfnntem, Asn
Cu alXv KpW A\p`hn
dn Hcp Kpcphcys inWn
\p Iogntem am{Xta Ah {Klnm
\mhq. Kpcphcy\mb \_n(k),
X\nv ssZhm\p{Klw aqew e`yamb
A\p`hm\ns aqibnenp
hmsSp PohnXamXrI sImv
JpB\nImym]\fpw ssZh
Iev\Ifpw ssZhnI kn^pIfpw
\app sXfnbnpImWnpXp.
\_n(k)bpsS Acw {]hrn
Ifpw hmpIfpw A\pbmbnI
kamlcnp \nthZ\w sNbXXn
s\bmWv lZokv Fp ]dbpXv.
lZokpI kZp]tZi kamlmcwa\pjys `uXnIhpw BXvaob
hpamb A`nhrnpXIp kZp
]tZifmWv lZokpI. ASn
teJ
\w
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX17
m\ CkvemanI Xz,
\akvImcw, Bcm[\mapdI,
{hXm\pjvTm\w, PohImcpWyw,
kmv, lv, `Ww,hkv{X
[mcWw, ipNnXzw, hnZym`ymkw,
hnhmlw, `mcym`r _w,
AhcpsS NpaXeI, ISmSpI,
ap inWw, amXm]nXm
tfmS\phntp acymZI,
_ptfmSpw Ab]mtcm
Spap s]cpamcoXnI, A\pkc
Ww, AXnYn kmcw, Zm\[aw,
]uct_m[w, IhSw, Icm, bpw,
bpShpImtcmSv A\phn
tam\yX, kam[m\]me\w
Fp XpSn PohnXns kakvX
taJeItfbpw kv]inp \
XnIsf hnthNnp Aym]\
lZokpIfn ImWmw. am{Xa
IgnIme kw`h, `mhnbp
ambn _s {]hN\
Fnhbpw lZokpIfn ImWmhp
XmWv .
lZokpIfpw Iaimkv{XhpwCkvemanI Iaimkv{X \nanXn
bnepw Ncn{XcN\bnepw {]apJamb
]mWv lZokpI hlnnpXv.
CkvemanI \nba (icoAv)
\namWns B[mct{kmXv
\_n(k)v e`n ssZhnI shfn]mSp
IfmsWn, CkvemanI Ia
imkv{Xn\Snd \_n(k)bpsS
{]hrnIfpw XncphN\fpamsW
XmWv kXyw. kmns\ kw_
np Ia imkv{Xw \apsm
p ]cntim[nmw. kmv ssZhw
[\nIcn \n_amnbncnp
pshpw Ahcn \nv AXv
]nSnsSpv AhnSbnse Zcn{Z
v hnXcWw sNsSWw Fp
ap \ntZiw lZoknepv. Ia
imkv{X ]WvUnXm CXns
ASnm\n tXmXv \nWbnv
Hcp apkvenans ssIhiw
hjmhkm\n kqns
Sp ]Wn\v C{X iXam\w \n
_ambpw kmv \IWsa
\nbaapmn. Fn v ssIhiap
]Ww _mv \nt]w, Ip
ImenI, \nIpXnv hnt[bamIm
ImjnI hnfI, aqe[\w, hym]mc
hmWnPymkvXnI, \ntXym]tbmK
nepXv Ignv _mn hcpXpw
\n[\v D]tbmKnm hmbv]
\IpsXmgnsIbp kzWw,
shn, mn\w, hne]nSnp
IpI Fnhsbmw kns
]cn[nbnepsSpn Ia imkv{Xw
hn]pesSpnbncnpp.
CkvemanI Ncn{Xns apJy
t{kmXpw lZokpI XsbmWv.
\_n(k) bpsS amXm]nXmfpsSbpw
kl[anWnamcpsSbpw ]nXmals
bpw ]nXrhycptSbpw A\pNccp
tSbpw t]cphnhcfpw Ncn{Xfpw
lZokpIfneqsSbmWv \apv
e`yambnpXv. AXp t]mseXs
lndm Kplbnse kw`h, \_nXz
]Zhnv appw ]npap \_n(k)
Xncpta\nbpsS PohnXnse
kw`h]ccI, BZyIme Ckvem
anI i{Xpsf kw_n hnhc
, Ckvemw kzvoIcnhc\p`hn
bmX\I, sNtnh bp
Ckvemantev WnpsImv
\_n(k) `cWm[nImcnIb
IpI, AhbpsS {]XnIcW
Chsbms Ncn{Xns `mKamIp
Xv lZokneqsSbmWv.
lZokv {K cq]w sImpp.lnPvd cmw \qmns
aytmSSpmWv hyhnXamb
lZokp{K cq]w sImm
XpSnbXv. C_v\p PpssdPv, dm_n
_n kpss_lv, skbvZp _n
A_o Adqd, kplvcn, amenv _n
A\kv Fnh {KcN\I
\Sn. Ahbn Camw amenns
'apAv' F {Kw BZys
B[nImcnI lZokv {Ksa
\nebn P\{i ]nSnp ]n,
BtKmf {]ikvXnbmPnp. 1720
lZokpIfpsS kamlmcamWv
apAv. lnPvd 130 apX 140
hscbp ]p hjs
ITn\m[zm\w sImmWv apAv
{KhSnhnsenbXv. {Ks
t]mse {KImhpw {]ikvXn
t\Sn. Atlw Camap aplnko
(lZokv kamlmfpsS
t\Xmhv) FmWv AdnbsSpXv.
apAvsbpSv temIns
hnhn[ `mKfn {KcN\I
\Sp. Camw amenpw kp^nbm
_n Hbbv\nbpw aZo\tI{o
IcnmWv {K cN\\Snb
sXn ,Apm _n hlm_v
CuPn]vXnepw amadpw Ap
dmpw ba\nepw kq^nbm
kDucnbpw aplZv _n ^pkm
bnepw Iq^bnepw laZ v _n
kemapw dpB_v C_v\p D_mZbpw
_kdbnepw lpssk hknnbnepw
{K cN\I \Sn. Chsb
XpSmWv knlmlpkn DmbXv.
knlmlpknbpw {KImfpwalmbXpw {]mamWnIhpamb
klolv _pJmcn, klolv apkvenw,
PmanDnanZn, kp\\p A_oZmhqZv,
kp\\p C_v\pamP, kp\\p
\mCu Fo Bdp lZokp
{KfmWv samn knlm
lpkn Fv AdnbsSpXv.
knlmlpknsbm hnizk\o
bamb Bdp {K FmWYw.
NphsSImWphcmWv ChbpsS
{KIm
klolv _pJmcn (aplZv_v\p
Ckvambn _pJmcn, P\\w {In.h.
810), klolv apkvenw (apkvenan_v\p
lmPv. P\\w {In.h. 817), PmanD
nanZn (aplZv_v\p Cukm
XnanZn. P\\w {In.h.824), kp\\p
A_oZmhqZ v (A_qZmhqZv P\\w
{In.h. 817), kp\\p C_v\pamP
(C_v\pamP P\\w {In.h.824) ,
kp\\p \kmCu (AlvaZp_v\p
ipAbv_v \km Cu. P\\w
{In.h.930)
knlmlpknbpsS {K
Imfmcpw Xs \_n (k)
bpsStbm klm_namcpsStbm
kaImenIcmbncpn. Cu Bdp
t]cn \kmC HgnsIbp Ap
t]cpw \_n(k) Acnv GItZiw
178 apX 192 hsc hj
IgnmWv P\nXv.
\qdv \qXv hjv apv
\_n(k)]d hmpIfpw ImWn
amXrIIfpw kw`cnv kXyk
ambn cN\\Sn P\ayn
AhXcnnt `mcn DchmZn
XzamWv lZokpkamlm
pmbncpXv. Imcyw ]d
hyntbm kw`hns ZrIvkm
nItfm Pohnncnnm kml
Ncyw! ImcyfmsWn FgpXn
kqnnpan. IjvSw!
hmhv Pohnncnptm
Xs AXv tIncph AXypn
Ien Nn{XoIcnp ImgvNbmWv
\manv ImWpXv. Atm ]ns
\_n(k)bpsS, hjv app
hmsamgnbpw {]hrnIfpw tIp
Ibpw ImWpIbpw sNbvXhcn
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX18
\nv ]noSv h Xeapdv hmsamgn
bneqsS ]Ip Innb Adnhns\
am{Xw B{ibnv kXykambn
{KcN\ \SpIsbXv F{X
ZpjvI cambncpncnWw. Xopw
{]iwk\obw Xs AhcpsS
{]hrn.
{KcN\bpw kXymt\zjW bm{Xbpwknlmlp knbpsS {KI
m BZyw lZokv hnm\n
Iv injys v lZokpI
]TnpIbpw Ah tiJcnv tcJ
sSpn kqnpIbpw sNbvXp.
(Camw _pJmcnbpw Camw apkvenapw
AlvaZv _n lw_ens injyKW
nsSpp.) Fnv AhbpsS
kXyX Ddnm acnpt]mbncp
hcpw Pohnncphcpamb
\nthZIcpsS Ncn{Xw tXSn \mSp
Ifn \nv \mSpIfntev Ah
{]bmWw sNbvXp. \nthZIcpsS
kXykX Imcy{KlW tijn,
_pnkmaYyw, Hmain, Bib
{]IS\tijn, \njv]X, ss[cyw,
am\yX Fnh At\zjndnb
lZokpIfpsS kXyX m]nm
A\nhmcyambncpp. \_n hN\
Xeapd Xeapdbmbv ssIamdn
Ahkm\w lZokv kamlmfp
sS ssIIfn Fnbtm
\qnb]Xn]cw hj
Ignncpp. CuIme ssZLyw
]cnKWnptm Hcp lZokn\p
Xs Hne[nIw \nthZIcpmIp
sa Imcyw DdmWv. B \nthZI
irwJebnse Fm InIsfbpw
kw_n At\zjWhpw ]T\hpw
Ahiyw thnhcpp. Camw
_pJmcnbpsS Cu At\zjW Xzc
]Xn\mdpsImw \op \np. am,
aZo\, CuPn]vXv ,apkvenw Gjy
FnhnS kinmbncpp
At\zjWw \SnbXv. AXn\v
tijamWv Atlw {KcN\
XpSnbXv. apkvenw _n lmPm
Is {KcN\v apv Cdm,
Cdmv, kndnb, CuPn]vXv FnhnS
kinp. AXpt]mse
Xsbmbncpp CXc lZokv
kamlmfptSbpw nXn.
\nthZIcpsS Zu_eyw ]cnKWnv
lZokpIfn Xcw Xncnhvkw`cn lZokpIsfmsbpw
DsSpnb {K cN\ \Sn
bXv. \nthZI irwJebnse In
IfpsS kXyX ]cnKWnv lZokp
Isf kzlolv, fzbo v, lk Fo
aqv hn`mKfmbn Ah Xcw
Xncnp. hnizkvXscv IcpXnb
\nthZIcm \_n(k)tev Fp
]cctbmSp IqSnbXpw Xnckv
Icnm\mImhn[w IdbXpamb
lZokpIsf Ah kzlolv
hn`mKn DsSpn. GsXn
epw \yq\XI sImv Zp_ehpw
AXphgn AkzoImcyhpambhsb
fzbo^v Bbn IWmn. kzloln
\pw fzbo^n\pw CSbnep m\w
lk\pw \In.
Camw _pJmcn Bdpew
lZokpI tiJcnncpp. Fnv
Ahbn \nv 7200 Fw
XncsSpp. Bh\kz`mhw
IqSn Hgnhmnbtmtgpw Ah
km\w InnbXv 2762 Fw am{Xw.
ChbmWv klolv _pJmcnbn
DsSpnbncnpXv. apkvenw
_n lmPmIs tiJcn aqp
ew lZokpIfn \nv hnizmky
tbmKysav tXmnbh am{Xw
DsSpnbmWv klolv apkvenw
cNnXv.
lZokpIsf, kpns
]n_eaphsbpw Amh
sbpw s]mXphmbn cmbn Xcw
Xncnmw. BZy C\n aX]camb
BNmcm\pjvTm\, Bcm[\m
coXnI, hn[nhnepI, Icm,
s]cpamN Fnh DsSp
p. Ch ihpw hnizmktbmKyhp
amWv. `qXw, `mhn Imcyfpambn
_shbpw {]hN\ D
smphbpamWv cmw hn`mK
nsSpXv. Chv kpns
(IaNcybpsS) ]n_ean.
hmNnI kmysf am{Xw
B{ibnv \nesImp Ccw
lZokpIfpsS hnizmkyX
\nthZIcpsS kXyX ]cnKWnpw
kkqvaw \nconpw thWw
Ddmm.
{]_e {Kfnepw \_n(k)
bpsSXm hN\tfm?\_n(k)bpsS Imetijw
\qmpI Ignp kamlcn
shbmWv ]pkvXI cq]n Cv
\apv e`yambnp lZokpI.
lZokv kamlm F{XXs
kXykcpw kmXznIcmbncpmepw
icn lZokpIfpsS kXyX Ahsc
am{Xw B{ibnp \np H.
adnp AhbpsS kXyX Ah
\nthZ\w sNp hynIfpsS
kXykX, Hmain, _pn
IqaX, Imcytijn, \njv]X,
ss[cyw, am\yX, Bib {]IS\tijn
Fnhsb B{ibnmWv \np
Xv. kamlmv \nthZ\
irwJebnse FmhynIfpambpw
t\cnp _w ]pen AhcpsS
kz`mhw hnebncpm\p kmyX
CmXncp nXnv Cv
e`yambnp lZokpI a\m
kzoIcnpXnv apv Ah
hnip JpBs Aym]\
pw "Ckms\Imanemb'
\_n(k) bpsS kz`mh khntijX
Ipw A\pkrXamtWm Fv
]cntim[ntXpv. am{Xa Nne
lZokpIsf kw`hfpsS Ncn{X
]camb ]cnt{]ynepw ]Z
fpsS AYssh]peynepw bmYm
Yyw {KlntXpv. ImcWw,
hnipJpBsbpw Xncp \_n(k)
bpsSbpw Aym]\v hncp
amb Nne lZokpI {]_e lZokp
{Kfn IqSn ISpIqSnbnpv.
Acep Hcp lZokmWv
aX]cnXymKnv acW insb
sXnmcW ]cp Xmsg
ImWp lZokv.
knopIsf (aX \ncmkIsc)
lZvdv AenbpsS apn
lmPcmnbtm Ahsc DS
Xs Poht\msS ZlnnpIfbm
Bm]np. C_v\p Amkv
]dp: Xm\mbncppshn
Acn Bm]nnmbn
cpp. ImcWw AKv\nsImp
in \I Amlphns
] c n [ n b n s S p X m s W v
\_n(k)Acpfnbnpv. ]t
AtXmsSmw B aXw amdppthm
Ahs\ h[np IfbpI Fpw
Atlw AcpfpIbpmbnpv.
CIvcna F Hscm \nthZI\m
am{Xw dntmv sNsnp Cu
lZokv _pJmcn, XnanZn, A_q
ZmhqZv, A \nkmC, C_v\p amP
Fo {]_e lZokp {Kfn
ISv IqSnbnpv. aXw amdphs\
h[npIfbm \_n(k) ]d
XmbnmWv ChnsS \nthZ\w
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX19
sNspImWpXv. CXv hnip
JpBs Aym]\pw,
\_n(k)bpsS al\ob NcyI pw
ISI hncpamWv. hnip JpB
]dbpXv t\mpI: ""\ns \mY
Dtinncppshn `qXenep
h HSw hnizknts\,
Fncns P\ kXyhn
izmknIfmbnocm \o Ahsc
\n_npItbm? Amlphns
A \ p a X n t b m S p I q S n b m s X
Hcmpw hnizknm\mIpIbn.
_pnD]tbmKnmhcpsS ta
Amlp tIm]w Cdpp. (10:100,101)
aXns Imcyn _e{]tbmK
tabn(2:257). kXy hnizmksaXv
ssZhn ebnpmIp ]hn{X
_fmWv. AXv _e{]tbmKw
aqew krjvSnsSpmhp hymP
hkvXpthb.
aX ]cnXymKs kw_nv
hnip JpB ]dbpXv
ImWpI: hnizknpIbpw ]noSv
AhnizknpIbpw ]nsbpw hniz
knpIbpw ]nsbpw Ahniz
knpIbpw A\cw Ahnizmkw
h[npIbpw sNbvXhcmtcm
Ahv Amlp Hcnepw
s]mdppsImSppIbn. Ahv
Ah (tam) amKw ImWnp
sImSppIbpan(4:138). aX ]cnXymKn
tamml\ FmWv ]dbpXv.
AmsX Ahs\ CltemIpshv
h[npIfbm Bscbpw NpaXe
sSpnbnn.
\_n(k)bpsS PohnXw hnip
JpBs {]mhnI amXrIbmbn
cpp. AXn\v Atlns
`mcyam Xs kmnIfmWv.
\_n(k) bpsSImev aXapt]n
hs\ AmcWw sImv am{Xw
h[nnn. aXapt]nh
h[mlamb ap Ipfpw sNbvXXv
sImmWv h[inv hnt[b
amsnpXv. aXw kzoIcn
m\pw aXn\nv kzbw ]pdv
t]mIm\pw Hcph\v kzmX{yapv.
AXvsImv Cu lZokv kXyambn
cnm Xcan. lZokv \nthZIs
kXykX kw_nv kwibap
bcpp.
Bcmbncpp CIvcnaCIvcna, C_v\p Amkns
ASnabpw Atlns aTb
\msbmcp injy\pambncpp.
Atlw kXykt\m \njv]a
Xntbm Bbncpn. A_q Plens
aI\pw ]noS v Ckvemw aXw
kzoIcnpIbpw sNbvX CIvcna
C_v\p A_q Pl A Ctlw
Fv {]tXyIw HmpI. lZvdv
Aen(d)bpw C_v\p Amkpw(d)
CSp\n k`fnsemw
hyambpw JhmcnPv ]mWv
CIvcna \nebpdnXv . CIvcna
JhmcnP v ]mc\mW. v AXv
sImv Atlns lZokpI
kwib {KkvXhpw hnizmkytbmKyX
bnmhbpamsWv Ncn{XImc\pw
{]ikvX lZokv hnm\nbpamb
Zlvehn, Camw C_v\p A sabvZ\n
Fnh A`n{]mbsnpv.
blvbm _n kboZmIs CIvcnasb
Im_v (Iw ]dbph) Fv
hnfnmt]nnpv. CIvcna
AXnitbmn Ien ]dbp
h Fmbncpp Aen C_v\p
Amkv, Am C_v\p A_n
dmbn Fo am\y ]finXmcpsS
A`n{]mbw. Xs ]nXmhv C_v\p
Amkns t]cn XnIpw
Ifhmb Imcy ]dbpp
shmtcm]nv C_v\p Amkns
aI Aen C_v\p Amkv
CIvcnasb hon\p ]pdp
XqWn sInbn kw`hn\v
Apm C_v\p A lmcnkv
kmnbmbnpv. AXpsImv
C_v\p Amkns t]cn
Btcm]ns Cu lZokv
HcpInX lZokv BIm\mWv
km[yX.
AKv\nsImp in Ckvemw
]qWambpw \ntcm[nnp
HmWv. CIvcnabpsS Cu lZokns\
kXyambn kzoIcnm kapX
\mb Aeo _n A_q Xzmen_v(d)
s\CkvemanI Imcy kw_nv
Adnhnm Hcmfmbn IcptXn
hcpw. CkvemanI Imcy Adn
bmambncpp shn knopIsf
Poht\msS Zlnnm Bm]n
m Atlnv Fs\
Ignbpw?
AXv am{Xa, CulZokn
D]tbmKnnp Zo F Ad_n
]Zw Ckvemans\am{Xw kw_n
p ]Zaspw adnv AXv Hcp
s]mXp ]ZamsWpw _nw_mcm[
IcpsS aXn\pw Zo F
]Z{]tbmKw tbmKyamsWpw
hnip JpB\nse kqd: "A
Im^ndq" hyamncpp.
Atm _nw_mcm[I Ckvemw
kzoIcnm Ahscbpw h[nt
Xt?!! AXpt]mse Xs Hcp
aXn\nv asmcpaXntev
amdp CXcaX hnizmknIsfbpw
h[nWw! AXv sImv Zpjv^e
sfmgnhmm lZokpIsf Xmsg
ImWp am\Zfi ]cntim[nv
kzoIcnpItbm XnckvIcnpI
tbmsNmw.
1. lZokpI hnipJpBs
GsXnepw Aym]\tm
Iev\Itm hncpambnp
XmsWn B lZokpI hymP
sav IWmn XnfbpI.
2. lZokpw hnipJpB\pw
Xn {]ISamb sshcp[yans
n B lZokv B[nImcnIam
sWv IcpXn kzoIcnpI.
3 {]hN\ Dsmp
lZokpI, ]nmev kXyambn
]pem Ah Zp_e hn`mK
n s]pt]mbnpsn IqSn
Ah kXyamsWv IcpXn kzoIcn
pI.
4. bpnpw khmwKoIrX
Xzpw A\p`hm\
n\pw \ncmXpw, hnip
JpB\pamtbm GsXnepw Hcp
AwKoIrX lZokpamtbm A\p
cRvP\w Akm[yamw hn[w
GpappXpw \_n(k)bpsS
kz`mhalnav Ifw Nmp
Xpamb lZokpI AkzoImcy
ambn IWmWw.Ahew_w
1. hnip JpB, 2.lZvdv ankm
Kpemw AlvaZn (A)s enJnX, 3.
lZvdv ankm Xzmln AlvaZv(dlv)s
'aXns t]cn a\pjy lXy' F
{Kw, 4. auehn F.sI.ZZns "Zn
lZokv" F{Kw.
CAvXnIm^vBbni(d)\nthZ\w: \_n(k)
acnpXv hsc daZm\nse Ah
km\s ]n \_n(k)
CAvXnIm^v Ccnmcpmbncp
p. \_nbpsS acWtijw AhnS
s ]Xv\namcpw CAvXnIm^v
Ccnmdpmbncpp. (_pJmcn)
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX20
Bflob hkImesav AdnbSp daZm amkw Hcn IqSn
k a m K X a m b n c n p I b m W v .
{]]\mYs apn khXpw
kanpsImv Xs sXp
Ip Gp]dbm\p Hcp
kphWmhkcw Cu daZm amkw
a\pjy\v {]Zm\w sNpIbmWv.
{]`mXw apX {]tZmjw hsc
A]m\obfpw khhn[ C{n
bmiIfpw Dt]npsImv GIm
{Kamb a\kpambn Xsf krjvSn
Amlphns\ Bcm[npIsb
XmWv daZm \apvXcp ]mTw.
a\pjykrjvSnns bYmY Dtiyw
]qoIcnpXns `mKambn
sNsSp Cu A\pjvTm\w Fm
aXfnepw hnhn[ cq]nepw
`mhnepw \ne\nppv.
Fm Ckvemw I]nnp Cu
Bcm[\bneqsS a\pjy\v Bflm
hns\ ipoIcnpsImv {kjvSmhp
ambn A\p`hthZyamb Hcp _w
m]nm km[npXmWv. Hcp
apkvenans\ kw_nnStmfw
Ah Cu {hXm\pjvTm\Imev
Xs Bflmhns taepw icoc
nse Fm AhbfpsS taepw
Hcp \nb{Ww GsSppIbpw
AXneqsS icocnse Hmtcm
Ahbhnepw {]tXyIamb Hcp
]cnh\w kwPmXampIbpw
sNpp. CXns\bmWv asmcp
`mjbn BflkwkvIcWsav
]dbpXv. AXmbXv, Amlphns
Nne \n_\Iv hnt[bambn
a\pjy Ah\v A\phZnp \In
bnp Imcy Dt]np sImv
ssZhkvacWbn eo\amhpIbpw
AXpt]mse hnip JpB
\ntcm[nnp Imcy Hmtcm
tmtcmmbn Xn \nv \njvIm
k\w sNpIbpw As\ Ahs
Fm Ahbhfntaepw Hcp
acWw hcnpIbpw sNpp. Cu
acWn\p tijamWv Ah\v Hcp
]pXnb PohnXw IcKXamIpXv. Cu
]cnh\sbmWv Bflob
P\\sav kq^nI ]dbmdpXv.
CXv Hcpamks {]h\ ]cn
]mSnsImv IcamIpX. adnv
CuImeLw Hcp ]cnioe\Ime
amIpp. CXn \nv kzmbamIp
BflkwkvIcWw amsX ambm
sX, hcp ]Xns\mv amkmew
ncambn Cu {]{InbbneqsS
sImvt]mtIXmWv. ImcWw
Amlphns kmao]yw Hcp
Wn IcamIp H.
AXn\v mbnbmb {]h\
ssien A\nhmcyamWv. ap
Ignp IS `Zmkcmbnp
Bflob Kpcpam Fmhcpw
Bfl kwkvIcWn\p {hXm\p
jvTm\w Hcpkp{][m\amb amK
ambn kzoIcnpIbpw AXneqsS
ssZhoI amKntev IcIbdn
t]mIpXn\p XSambn \np
C{nbmiIsfsbmw Annc
bmnsmv a\ns\ khhn[
amen\yfn \npw apcmnb
hcpambncpp. AXp aqew Ahv
Bflob ssNX\yw Icamhp
Ibpw B]mZNqVw ssZhoI{]`
Ahsc hebw sNpIbpw sNbvXn
cpp. CuImeLn am\h
kaqln\v amKZinbmbn
AhXcn lZvdv Camw alvZn (A)
]dbpp:
"Ckvemw Imcynse aqmas
kvXw`w {hXamIpp. {hXm\pjvTm\
ns bmYmYyspdnv
P\ AcmWv. bYmYn,
a\pjy t]mIm cmPysp
dntm Adnbm temIsp
dntm Ah\p Fv ]dbm
km[npw? A]m\ob Dt]
npIsbXp am{Xa {hXw.
adn v AXns bmYmYyhpw
AXns {]`mhhpw A\p`h
sImv XncndnbpXmWv. F{X
Ipdv `Ww Ignppthm
A{Xb[nIw Bfl kwkvIcWhpw
ssZhoI `mjWn\p inbpw
IcKXamIpsaXv a\pjys {]Ir
Xn s]ImcyamWv. Hcp Ww
Ipdp sImv ZznXob (Bflob)
`Ws h[nnpIsbXmWv
Amlp CXpsImv DtinpXv.
hniv klnpIsbX {][m\w
F Imcyw t\mvImc kZm
HmncntXmWv. adnv Amlp
hns kvt\lw IcamIpXn\p
Ahs kvacWbn hym]rX\m
tIXmWv. icocs ]cnt]mjnn
p `Ww Dt]npsImv
Bflmhn\p Xr]vXnbpw Bizmkhpw
Xcp Bflob `Ww Ic
ampIsbXmWv {hXns
Dtiyw. Amlphn\pthn am{X
ambn {hXw A\pjvTnph Hcp
BNmcsa \nebn AXv A\pjvTn
msX, Ahv ZznXob `Ww
IcamIpXn\p Amlphns
kvtXm{Xnepw kvXpXnbnepw
eo\ambncnpIbpw thXmWv.'
(a^qkm v: hmfyw5,t]Pv:122123)
hnip JpB {hXsbpw
AXns eysbpw Ipdn v
C{]Imcw ]dbpp. ""Atbm
aplZv \Po_v Jm,hmgme
{hXw:
tijw t]Pv 35
C{nbm\p`qXnIv \ntcm[\tasSpn
BXvamhns\ X]nnv kv^pSw sNbvXv kwkvIcnsSp
p A\pjvTm\amWv daZm\nse {hXw
icocn\pta BXvamhns hnPbw
teJ
\w
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX21
]en-i-bpsS A`m-hhpw aqe-[-\-
n-t Npa-p \nIpXn (k-
m-v) bpamWv CkvemanI
kZvhyh-sb Ghpw
{itbamp-Xv. CkvemanI
hyhpnse _nkn-\kv
{]h--sf-n teJ-I
hnh-cn-pp.
_nkn-\kv tIm]-td-j-\p-IfpwCkvemanI kZvhyh-bpw
\n`mKyIc-sav ]d-bs, anCkvemanI cmPy-fpw Ckvemans
bYmY Aym-]-\- adpt]mbn-
cn-pp. Ah-cn \nv CkvemanI
ssNX\yw \jvS -s -n -c n -pp.
CkvemanI aqey--fpsS Cu A]-
Nbw ImcWw Pohn-X-ns \m\m-
Xp-d-I-fn-ep Ign-hp-I-sfbpw AXv
tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-n-cn -pp.
hmWnPy km-nI cwKhpw Cu
tZmj-_m-[-bn \nv ap-a.
CkvemanI kZvLS-\-bpsS amXrI
F \nev Hcp cmPy-sbpw Cv
\apv FSp-p-Im-m km[y-a.
A{]-Imcw Xs tIm]-tdv amt\-
Pvsans amXr-I-bmbn Hcp apkvenw
cmPy -stbm m]-\stbm
Nqn-m- m\pw km[ya. CkvemanI
Xz--fpsS ASnm-\ -n
t\mptm apkvenw cmPy--sfmw
Xs hnai\w Aln -pp.
Zp:Jtm-Sv IqSn]d-b-s, Hscm
apkvenw cmPyhpw \oXn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-
a. AXp-sImv B A\oXn Agna-
Xnbpw hnI-e-amb \nb-a-hm-gvNbpw
krjvSn-pp. km-nImY-n
Ckvemw B{K-ln-p ka-Xz-n\v
]Icw Pohn-X-ns kakvX afi-
e---fnepw Ak-aXzw \n-e-\npp.
kaqlnse D-X-mcpw `c-Wm-[n-
Im-cn-Ifpw \nb-a-n\Xo-X-cmbn \ne-
sIm-p-I-bpw sNpp. Cu hKw
kaq-l-nse kmaq-ln-Ihpw km-
n-I-hp-w cmjv{So-b-hpamb ku`m-Ky-
Ihs-Sp-pp. Amlp
hnipJp-B-\n ]d-bpp:
P\-nS-bn \n hn[n
I]n-p-tm \oXn-]qhw \n
hn[n I]nWw. Amlp \n-
tfmSv D]-tZ-in-p--sXtm AXv
Ghpw D-a-am-b-Xm-Ipp. Amlp
Fmw tIp--h\pw ImWp--h-
\p-amWv (4:59).
HmpI, Ckvemw a\pjylrZ-b-
-sf kvt\l-n-eqsS PbnS-n-
sm-mWv AXns \nb-a-hy-h
m]n-p-Xv. bpn-]-c-amb hmZ-
ap-Jf-h-X-cn-npw {]t_m-[\w \S-
nbpamWv AXv kaq-l-hp-ambn
kwh-Zn -p -Xv. Ckvemw in-
sImv m]np If-bm -sa
tamlw sXpw hnUvVn-hpamWv.
aXw \n_--]qhw ASn-tn--
s-Sp-tm AXv Hcp hrn-sI
Nn{X-amWv \Ip-Xv. CXv Xo-
bmbpw CkvemanI ssNX-\y-n\v
hncp--amW.v Amlp hnip Jp-
B-\n ]d-bpp:
"aX-n Hcp hn[-n-ep _e-
{] -tbm -K -hp -an. Xo-bmbpw
kmKw ZpamK-n \nv hyXn-
cn--am-bn-cnpp. AXn-\m B
Zp:i-n-Isf \ncmI-cn-p-Ibpw Am-
lp-hn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNp-
pthm Xo-bmbpw Ah Ghpw
Dd-p ssIn-Sn-bn-emWv ]nSn-n-cn-
p-Xv. AXv Hcn-epw apdnp
t]mIp --X. Amlp Fmw
tIp--h\pw Adn-bp--h-\p-am-
Ipp (2:257).
Hcp aXhpw AXv \n_--]qhw
ASn-tn-p-hm ]d-bp-n.
Fm apkvenw cmPy--fn Hcp
lmjnw Al-vaZv
teJ
\w
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX22
hn[-n-e-s-n asm-cp-hn-[-n
aXw \n_--]qhw ASn-tn--
s-Sp--Xm-bn-mWmw. euInIamb
ey- kmmcn-m-\p
Hcp D]-I-cWambn cn-phcpw aX-
]-fin-X-mcpw Ckvemw aXs Zpcp-
] -tbm-Kn -p -I-bmWv sNp-Xv.
Ckvemw Fsm-mtWm ]Tn-n-p-
Xv AXn\v IS-I-hn-cp--amb Imcy-
-fm-Wv Ckveman-I cmPy--fn
kw -hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv. Ckvemw
aX-nse D-X-amb km-nI
Xz- bmsXmpw Xs
s]mXpsh apkvenw cmPy--fn
{]mhnIam-s-Sp-n. AXp
sImv kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw CkvemanI
cmPy--fn bYmY CkvemanI
kZvhyh-v t\hn-]-co-X-amb
Zni-bn-emWv kZvLS\ hnImkw
sImpXv. AXp-sImv Cm-ev
CkvemanI k-Zvhy-h-v amXr-I-
bmbn Hcp apkvenw cmPysbpw
Nqn-m-m km[y-a.
CkvemanI km-n-I amXrI\apv Xnc-s-Sp-m Htc-sbm-
cp amK-ta-bpq. AXm-bXv Ckvemw
aX-ns Aym -] -\ --fpsS
aqeXz--fn-tev \mw Xncnp
t]mtI--XmWv. CkvemanI ASn-m-
\-n bYmY ssNX\yhpambn
ka-c--k-s-Sp-n-smv Hcp amXrIm
kZvhyh krjvSn-s-Sp-p-I-
bmWv thXv.
Ckvemw ]en-i-bpsS (cn-_) Fm
cq]--sfbpw \ntcm-[n-n-cn-pp.
hnip Jp-B-\n AXv C{]-Imcw
hy-ambn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-pp:
"]eni apX `n-p--h
{`mm-Ip ]nimNv i-amb BLm-
X-tan Hcph Fgp-tp-
Xv t]mse-b-msX Fgp-t-p--
X. AXn-\p ImcWw hym]mcw ]eni
t]mse-sbmWv Fv Ah ]d-
bppshp --Xs{X. Fm
Amlp hym]m-cs A\p-h-Zn-p-
Ibpw ]eni \ntcm -[n -p -Ibpw
sNbvXn-cn-pp. AXp-sImv Xs
\mY-\n \np D]-tZiw X\nv
hp Inp-Ibpw Fnv Bcv hnc-an-
-p-Ibpw sNbvXncnp-p-thm, apv
hmn--gnXv Ah-\p-Xv Xs.
Ahs Imcy-w Am-lphn-emWv.
h-hcpw ]en-i-bn-tev aS-p-I-bm-
sW-n Ah \c-Im--hIm-inI-fs{X;
Ah AXn hknp sImt
t]mIpw(2:276).
]en-i-sb- kw-_-nv Amlp
hop-w hnip Jp-B-\n ]d-
bpp.
hniz-kn--h-tc, \n kXyhnizm-
-kn -IfmsWn Amlphns\
kqn-p-Ibpw ]en-i-bn \nv
_mn-bp -Xv hnp -I-f -bp -Ibpw
sNpI (2:279).
hnip- Jp-Bs i-amb Cu
Aym-]-\- Cs coXn-bn-
ep km-nI m]\-fpsS
\ne-\nns\ Cm-Xm-pp. AXn-
ep-]-cn-bmbn hynI D]-t`m-K-n-
\mbn kzcq-]n-p aqe-[-\-n-\p-
ta hmjnI \nIpXn AYhm
kmv Npa --s-Sp -Ibpw
sNpp. kmv Fm \n_-
-ambpw \tI km-nI
hnln-X-amWv.
Amlp hnip Jp-B-\n ]d-
bpp:
"hniz-kn-p-I-bpw ka-
sNp-Ibpw \a-kvImcw apd-{]-Im-cw
\nh-ln-p-Ibpw kmv \Ip-
I-bpw sNp--h, Ahv X-
fpsS \mY-s-b-Sp- Ah-cpsS
{]Xn-^-e-apv. Ahv bmsXmcp
`bhpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn; Ah
Zp:Jnp--X' (2:278)
Cusbmcp kml-N -cyn
hyn-Iv cv hgn-I-tf-bpq.
Ah-cpsS [\w sImv hyn-]-c-amb
I-hSkwcw-` - Bcw-`n -pI
Asn Ah-cpsS [\w sNdptXm
heptXm Bb I-hS kwcw-`--fn-
\nt-]n-pI. ]en-i-sb-p-dnpw
km-n-s\-p-dnpw hnip Jp-
B ]d B-I aqe-[\ap]-
tbm-Knv kZvhyh--bpsS N{I-
aptmv Nen-n-m klm-bn-
pp. CXv ]mSvWjnv I-
hSkwcw-`--fp-sSbpw sNdpXpw hep-
Xp-amb tPmbn v tmv I-\n-I-
fpsSbpw m]\n\v hgn-sX-fn-
pp. Fv Xc-n-ep hmWn-Py-
am-bmepw AXv Ii\ambpw em`hpw
\jvShpw ]c-kv]cw ]p-sh-p
coXnbnepXmbn-cn-Ww. ]en-i-
bnt IS-ambn ]Ww kzoI-cn-p
m]-\-am-bn-cn--cpXv. _nkn-\kv
m]-\-n-tev \I-s-Sp
[\w CIznn* sjb-dp-I-fm-bn-m-bn-cn-
Ww (km-[m-cW Hml-cn-I). AXm-
bXv \jvS -nepw em` -nepw
HmlcnbpS-a-s\ ]m-fn-bm-p
hn[-n-em-bn-cn-Ww I\n km-
nI kam-l-cWw \S-t-Xv.
Xm ]Ww Fhn-sSbmWv \nt-]n-
t-Xv F-Xn-s\-kw-_-npw
Hml--cn -bp -Sa AXoh Pm{KX
]petXpv. Hml-cn -bp -Sa
\nt]w \S-p km-nI
kwc-w`s-p-dnv \Xv t]mse
Adn -n-cn -p -Ibpw Abm-fpsS
XncsSpv hfsc {im-]qh-am-
bncnpIbpwthWw. A{]-Imcw
Xs Hmlcn [\w kzoI-cn-p
I\n D-X-\n-e-hm-c-n-ep hniz-
kvX-Xbpw kXy-k--Xbpw ]pe
p--h-bpam-bn-cn-Ww. kwcw- -I
Itm-f-n {]th-in-p-tm
AXv kXy-k--a-m {]h-W-X-
Isf Xn--f-bm {ian-pp. hn]-
Wn-bn kXy-k-X ]pep-Ibpw
hniz -kvXX t\Sn -sb-Sp -p -Ibpw
sNp m]-\-nt\ ZoL-
ImemSnm-\-n ]nSnp\nm-
\mhq. CXv XsbmWv dkq Xncp-
ta-\n(-k)-bpsS Imepw kw`hnXv.
AXn\v tijw Nne \qm-p-I-fn
apkvenw cmPy--fnepw Cu \ne-hmcw
\ne-\np.
lZvdv Camw A_q l\o^
(dlv) Ckvemanse Ghpw BZ-c-Wo-
b-\mb \nb-a-]-fin-X-\m-bn-cpp.
At-l-ns A`n-{]m-b--sf-bmWv
apkvenwI-fn [mcmfw t] -a-X-hn-
[n-Iv thn B{i-bn-p-Xv.
Atlw hnPbw hcn Hcp _nkn-\-
kp-Im-c-\p-am-bn-cpp. Bfp-I At-
l-n\v apn ]Ww sImp-hv
sNmcn-bp-am-bn-cpp. At-l-ns
hoSns ]Sn-hm-Xn Hcp kt-
i-sa-gp -Xn -sh-p-sImv Bfp-I
henb ]W-k-n-I sImp-h-p-
shpw. ktiw C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cpp
"ssZh-ln-X-{]-Imcw Cu ]Ww hn\n-
tbm-Kn-pI; AXns em`-n-semcp
]v Rv \IpI.' Cc-n-
ep Hcp kw`-h-h-a-, \nch[n t]
Cs\ At-l-n\p apn ]W-
hp-ambn hp-\np-am-bn-cpp.
*em`hpw \jvShpw kln-p CIznn
sjbdpIfn-m Hml-cn-I-fp-apv. \jvS-n
bmsXmcp _m[y-X-bp-an-m Hml-cn-I-fm-Wnh.
CXns\ Preference Share FmWv ]d-bpI.I\n \jvSw ]n ]ncnp hnSp-tm Cu
Hmlcn DS-a-Iv I-\n-bpsS BkvXn-bn
\nv Hml-cnv Xpey-amb hne \IWw.
Hmlcn DSa \jvSw kln-n (hnh:)
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX23
CkvemanI kZvhyh--bnse
Fm-X-c-n-ep I-hS kwcw-`-
fpw Ah tIm]-tdv I-\n-I-fm-
Is ]mvWjnv m]-\--fmI-
s, GImwKw \S-p s{]mss{]-
I-hS m]-\-a-Is, AsXmw
Xs \nb-am-\p-kr-X-am-bn-cn-Ww.
(hn-ip Jp-B-\nse 2:276 kqw
CXn-tev shfnw hoipp). _nkn-
\kv m]-\--sf-n Ckveman-
sbpw ]mm-Xy-cp-sSbpw kev]-
nse apJy -amb hyXymkw
CkvemanI hyh--bn I-\n-I
"enan-Uv' , "Aenan-Uv' F Xcw
Xncn-hn ]Ww ISw hmm ]mSn
FXmWv. I\nbpsS sjb-dp-I-
sfmw CIznn sjbdpIfm-bn -cn -
Ww AYhm em`-\jvS ]m-fn--
apXmbn-cn-Ww.
]mmXy-co-Xn-bn-ep tIm]-tdvI-\n-I-fpw CkvemanI coXn-bn-ep_nkn\kv m]-\-fpw
CIznn sjbdp-I-fn-eq-sS-bp [\-
k-am-l-c-W-amWv s]mXpsh km-n-
I-ambpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-ambpw sa-
ap coXn. DZm-l-c-W-n\v ]mmXy
_nkn-\-kp-Im ]Ww kzcq-]n-p-Xv
]en-i-bpsS ASn-m-\-n-emWv.
_nkn-\kv a-K-Xn-bn-em-IpItbm
\jvS-n t]mIp-Itbm sNp
L -nepw ]eni sImSp-m Ah
_m[y--cmWv. A-c-n-ep
hn]-coX ]cnXnXnI kwPm-X-am-
bm ]en-i-Ww hmnb I\n
AXn-Po-hn-m hfsc {]bm-k-amWv.
Acw kml-N-cy-n I\n
]m-cmbn (Bankrupt) {]Jym-]n-p-Itb \nhr-n-bpq. AXv kaq-l-
n\pw k-ZvL-S-\pw hfsc {]bm-
k- krjvSnpw. CXn \nv
hn]-co-X-ambn CkvemanI hyh--
bn Hcp I\n Ipg--nsXp
hgn \jvS-n-em-hp-tm I-\nv
]Ww ISw sImSp CIzn - n
HmlcnbpS-a-Ifpw AXn ]m-fn-bm-
hpp. ]Ww ISw sImSp Hml-cn-
bp-S-av Cu {]bmk Ime-L- --fn
Hpw Xs I\n \tIn hcp-
n. AXp-sImv B I-\nv
AXn-Po-hn-m\pw ]pjvSn-s-Sm\pw
hopw Ah-k-c-fpv. PohnI-fpsS
Pohn-X-n CXn-\p DZm-l-cWw
\apv ImWmw. AXm-bXv Nne Pohn-
I XWpv Imev AXns
Du t{kmXv hn -h -cv
{]h-\-tijn \in -p-tm
ZoL-amb Dd--n {]th-in-m-
dpv. {Kojva \n{Z (Hybernation)FmWv CXn-s\-n ]d-bpI. B
\n{Z I-gn -m hopw Ah
{]h\ k-amIpw. CXp t]mse
Ckveman-I kZvhyh--bn \S-
-s-Sp _nkn -\kv m]\
v C-c-samcp AXn-Po-h\
kuIcyw A\p-h-Zn-pp. ]t,
]mmXy km-nI hyh--bn
C-c-n \jvS-n-e-I-s-Sp
I-\n-Iv AXn-Po-hn-m km[y-
a. DZm-l-c-W-n\v 1996 {^mkn-
ep-mb temdn ss{Uham-cpsS ka-
c-sa-Sp-pI. Cu Imev Pa-\n-bnse
temdn-Ifpw {^mkn AI-sp
\n-e-ambn. ]Xns\mv Znhkw am{X-
amWv Cu temdn-k-acw \op \nXv.
CtXmS\p_nv _nkn-\kv cwKv
Ipg - -ap -mbn. CXv Pa
{Smkvt]mv I-\n-Isf hn
kZ-n-e-I-s-Spn. The time (29 11 96) h dntmv {]Imcw
ka-c -ns ^e-ambn \nc -h[n
sNdnb Pa {Smkvt]mv I-\n-
I _mn ]W-a -S -m
IgnbmsX ]m-cm-hp Lw A`n-ap-
Jo-I-cn-tn hp. ChnsS {in-
t Hcp Imcyw _nkn-\-kn
\np hcp-am\w shdpw ]Xn-s\mv
Znh-k-tv am{Xw \ne--Xns e-
ambn [\-Imcym]-\--fn \nv
]en -iv ]Ww IS -sa -Sp
{Smkvt]mv I-\n-I AS-p-]q-
p Ah-sb A`n -ap -Jo -I -cn -
tn hp FXmWv. C-cw
Ah taep--bn hmZs i-
ambn \ymbo-I-cn-pp.
IShpw I-h-Shpw CkvemanINcn-{X-n
Ckvemans Bhn`mhL-n-
ep-mb IhScq]--fpsS LS\
Ckveman\vap-p Ad-_n-I-fpsS
k{-Zm-b-ns hnI-knX cq]-am-bn-
cpp. Ah-cpsS kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw
km{-Zm-bn-Ihpamb coXn-I-fn \nv
Bhn` -hn - -Xm -bn -cpp AXv .
Ckvemans DZ -b -n\v tijw
dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k) Acw I-hS
k{-Zm-b-sf \n-em-p-Itbm
\ntcm-[n-p-Itbm sNbvXn. AXp-
sImv Ad_v apkvenwI AXv Ah-
cpsS _nkn-\-kns `mK-amn amp-
I-bp-mbn. Hcp Imcyw {]tXyI
tamWw. Ckvemw CXn-t\msSm
pw Hcp bm{n-I-amb kao-]\w
ssIsIm-m-sX-Xs B I-h-
Skwhn[m -\ --fn CkvemanI
ssNX\yw \nd-p-I-bm-bn -cpp.
AXpsImv I-hSw Fv cq]-n-
em-bmepw Fv k{-Zm-b-n-em-
bmepw CkvemanI k-ev]-n-\-\p-
kr-X-am-bn- m-bn-cn-Ww Ah \S-t-
Xv.
hmWnPyhyh--bnse apJy-cq-]-
-sf--n-bmWv ChnsS N sNp-
Xv. Ch IqSmsX \nc-h[n I-hS
k{-Zm-b- Hcp CkvemanI k-
Zvhy-h--bn Dmhmw. ChnsS
AsXmpw N sNpn Fv
am{Xw. AXn NneXv apim-dI: (aq-e-
[\]mfnw), -ap-Zm-d_ (I--hS
hmbv] Trade financing), CPmd (hm-S-I), CPmd h CJvXm\ (X-h-W-I-
fmbn ASp Xop hmbv]) Fn-
h-bmWv.
Ccw k{-ZmbfpsS kmt-
XnI\ma--fn ]nSnp Xqt
Imcyan. ]t, Ccw k{-Zm-b-
-fpsS CkvemanI kev]w Adn-
tb--Xpv. Cu I-h-S-kw-cw-`--fp-
sS -sbmw Nme-I -in ico -A-
mWv. Ccw I-h-S --fnse
CkvemanI kev]w Fm-sW--dn-
bm ico-Av \nba amK-
Zi-\--fmWv. Cu hmWn-Pyk-{-Zm-
b--fpsSsbmw ImX cp LS-
I--fmWv. AXn Hv em`-nepw
\jvS-n-ep-ap ]m-fnw. asmv
]enisb Xopw \nam-P\w
sN. Fv cq]-n thjw amdn-
h-mepw icn ]eni k{-Zmbw
Ckveman A\phZ-\o-b-a.
1. apZm-d_: apZm-d_bpsS DZv`hw
hym]m-c-n \nmWv. hym]m-c-
ns DZv hw sIm sImSp--en
\nmWtm. "apZm-d_'bpsS ap Ad-
_nv kwI "JndmZv', "apJ-dZ'
Fnh-bmWv. Cu kmt-XnI ]Z-hn-
I-sfmw At\ym\yw amn D]-tbm-Kn-
m-dpv. Ah Xn k-bn
henb hyXym-k--fn. ]mm-Xy
Ad-_n-I-fp-ambn hym]mcw Bcw-`n--
tm Ccw hmWn-Py-kw-cw-`-
Ahcpw Bcw-`np. AXn\v Ah
\In-b-\maw "Id'(Commenda)Fpw Iw (commendam) Fp-am-bn-cpp.
"apZm-d_'FXv bm{X \S-p-
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX24
Xv kw_-n {]hr-n-bn \nv
\njv]--amb Hcp ]Z-amWv (Adm_ ^n Afv). `qan-bpsS taASn-pI AYhm I-h-SmYw `qan-
bn k-cn-pI FmWv AYw.
aqe -[\ \nt-] -I I-hSw
sNm thn Hcp GPns\
Gev]n -pp. B GP v aqe-
[\\nt]I\v thn, apIq Icm-
dns ASn-m-\-n em`w ]v
shm-sa I-cm-dn IhSw \S-
pp. Cu Icm km[m-c-W-bmbn
em`-hn-lnXw Xpeytam Asn
apIq Xocp-am-\-ns ASn-m-\-
n GsX-nepw A\p]m-X-ntem
Bhmw. Cu I-h-Sn \jvSw
kw`-hn-p-I-bm-sW-n GPn\v
bmsXmcp _m[y-X-bpw Dmhpn.
AsXmw aqe-[\w apS-n-b-hs
Npaen hp hogpp. dkq Xncp-
ta\n (k) I-hS GPmbn
{]hn-n-pv. ChnsS aqe-[\w
apS-n-bXv JZo-P(-d) Bbn-cpp.
dkq Xncp-ta\n(k)bpsS kXy-k--
X-sb--nbpw D-X-amb [manImh-
-sb-p-dnpw JZoP (d)v Xs
tPmen-mcn \nv Adnhv e`np.
]noSv dkq Xncp-ta-\n(-k)bpambn
Ah hnhm-lm-tem-N\ \S-p-Ibpw
hnhmlw Ign-p-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-
WpmbXv.
aqe-[\w apS-p--bmv GPn-
s\tbm GPn\v aqe-[\w apS-p--
bm-fn-t\tbm Is-m-hp--XmWv.
I-hSw Bcw-`n-p--Xn\v apv Ccp
In-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw D]m-[n-I-tfmsS
Icm-dn GstSXpv. DZm-l-c-
W-n\v lZvdv Amkv C_v\p
A_vZp ap-en_v(-{]-hm-N-Is
]nXy-hy) C-c-n IhSw
sNmthn GPns\ Gev]n-p-
am-bn-cpp. Atm Nne D]m-[n-I-
fpsS ASn-m-\-n-em-bn-cpp B
[\w Atlw GPns\ Gev]n-Xv.
AXm-bXv km[-\--fp -ambn IS-
eneqsS k-cn--cpXv, Xmgvhc-I-fn-
eqsS k-cn-cpXv, Poh-\p arK-
sf hm-cpXv Ch-sb-m-am-bn-cpp
B D]m-[n-I. AXv ewLn-p-sImv
GP v I-hSw \Sp-I-bmsWn
\jvSw hm Abm-fm-bn-cnpw
AXn-\p--c-hmZn. I-h-S-n Xs
GPn-\p-ta Ccw D]m-[n-I
Npa-p--Xn\v dkq Xncp-ta\n (k)-
bpsS k-Xhpw AwKo-Imchpw At-
l-n\v e`n-n-cpp.
"apZm-d_'bpw Cm-es _nkn-\pw "apZm-d_'bpsS Cu kev]w
Cm-ev {]mhn-I-am-p-tm
dkq Xncp-ta-\n(k)-bpsS Imes
GP v AYhm "A apZm-dn_v' Cm-
es amt\-P-tcm amt\-Pvsatm
Bbn amdpp. aqe-[-\-ns DS-a-
\nt-]-I-\p-amWv . ]sm-
Xmw \qm-n Bcw- n tPmbn v
tmv I-\n-I-fn C-c-n DS-
a--X, amt\-Pvsa v Fo hn`-P\w
ImWm km[y-ambn-cpp. Bdpw
Ggpw \qm-p-I-fn apkvenwIfpw
Ckveman\v app Ad-_n-I-fnepw
Cs\ DS-a--X, amt\-Pvsa vFo
hn`-P\tfmSpIq-Snb I-h-S-
ImWm-am-bn-cpp. \nt-]-Is [\w
F{]-Imcw sNe-hgnW-sa D]m-
[nbpw \nt-]-I\v aptmv shm-
\p Ah-Im-i-apv. km[m-cWKXn-
bn Ccw I-h-S-kw-cw-`--fn
aqe-[-\-n\v `mKn-Itam ]qWtam
Bb coXn-bn Fs-nepw \jvSw
kw` -hn -m GPn\v AXn
bmsXmcp ]p-apm-bn-cn-p-I-bn.
kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Ccw kml-Ncyw
hmWn -Py -cw -Kv A_q-l-\o^
(d)sbtm-se-bp AXyp--X-amb
kXy -k--Xbpw [man -I -Xbpw
]pep hyn -Isf apZm -
d_n's (G-P v, amt\-P) tdm
ssIImcyw sNp-hm-\mbn Dbn-
smv hcpp.
apim-d: ap^mhZ, C\m (Xpeyaqe-[\ ]m-fn-w, aqe-[\ ]m-fnw,]mvWjnv)
Hcp {]tXyI _nkn-\kv sNm
thn-bp ]mvWjn-n-\mWv
"apim-d' Fv ]d-bp-Xv. AXp-
sImv apim-d km[m-cW \ne-
bn Hcp \nnX ka-b-t-p
_nkn-\kv Bbn-cnpw. ]mvWam-
cpsS k-X-tm-Sp-IqSn AXv imiz-
X-amb Hcp ]mvWjnv _nkn-\kv
BsW-n AXv "ap^m-hZ' AYhm
"C\m' Fv AdnbsSpp
"ap^mhZ' FXv Hcp ]m vWjnv
BWv. Cu Icmdn ]s-Sp-p
In-I Ah-cpsS t\-n-\mbn
GXv hnt[-\-bp D]m-[n-I-fpsS ASn-
m\nepw I-hSw sNm-\p
Ah-Im-i-ap-m-bn-cnpw. aqe-[-\-
ns tXmX-\p -k-cnv em`hpw
\jvSw hm AXpw Ahn-S-
bn hoXn--s-Spp. _nkn-\kv
amt\-Pvsan aqe-[\ \nt-]-I-
cmWv ]s-Sp-p-Xv. Ah ]s-Sp-
m-sX-bp _nkn-\kpw "ap^m-hZ'
bnemhmw. (Xp-S-cpw)
hnh: F.-Fw.
A_q kCuZv(d) ]dbpp. daZm\nse HSphnes ]n \_n(k)tbmsSmw R CAvXnIm^v
Ccpp. daZm Ccp]Xn\v {]`mXn dkq Xncpta\n (k) ]nbn \nv ]pdphv RtfmSv
{]kwKnp. sseep JZv Rm kz]v\n Ip. ]noSv Rm\Xv adv t]mbn. Ahkm\s
]nse HsbmZnhkfn CXns\ At\zjnpI. Ifnanepw shnepw Rm kpPqZv
sNpXmbpw kz]v\w Ip. AXn\m Fs IqsS CAvXnIm v Ccnphscmw ]nbntev Xs
aSs Atm R aSn. BImin Hcp taL]mfn t]mepapmbncpn. s]sv
BImin ImtaL hv inbmb ag hjnm XpSn agbpsS inaqew Cu
\aSepsImp ]nbpsS tav tNmsmenpsImncnppmbncpp. tijw
\kvImcnv CJmav hnfnp. \_n(k) Ifnanepw shnepw kpPqZv sNpXv Rm Ip.
AhnSps Xncp s\nbn Ifnans AhinjvS Rm ImWpXv hsc (_pJmcn)
CAvXnIm^pw sseep JZvdpw
HmKkvv 2011kXyZqX25
1896 a[y-n-em-bn-cpp B kw`hw.
kpKN{ Fv
t]cp Hcp lnp-k-\ymkn JmZn-bm-
\n BK-X-\mbn. s]sv Atlw
R-fpsS Iq-n Fm-hpw
]cn -Nn -X -\m -hp -Ibpw sNbvXp.
hmKvZ akolv(A) At-ltmSv
{]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ ImWn-n-cpp.
AXp-sImv ap--hpw Atlw
{]nb--c-\mbn amdn.
kzman kpKN{ A`y-kvX-hn-
Zy\pw hnim-e-a-\-kvI-\p-amb Hcp
Khsa v DtZym-K--\m-bn-cpp.
hynPohn-X-n-ep-mbncp Nne
Zpc-- At-ls euIn-I hnc-
-\mn. IqSp-X Bym-flnI
Imcy --fn {i sNep -nb
Atlw HSp-hn kXymt\zjW
X]-c-\mbn kmcptZymKw Dt]-
n - p - I - b m - W p - m - b X v .
k\ymknbmbn amdnb Atlw hf-
sc-tbsd k-cn-p-I-bp-mbn. F{X-
am{Xw Atlw k-cn-p-shtm
Fsmw ImgvN-I Atlw Ip-
shtm Fsmw h-am-\-
Atlw tIp -shtm Bpw
XnsSp-m km[y-a-m-bn-cpp.
At-l-ns A-an-m Ae-n-
en-\n-S-bn hmKvZ akolv lZvdv
ankm Kpemw AlvaZns\ (A)-n-
bp hnhcw Btcm At-ls
Adn -bn -p -I-bp -mbn. As\
Atlw hmKvZ ako -lns\
ImWm BflmY lrZ-b-tmsS
JmZn-bm-\n hcnI-bm-Wp-m-bXv.
hmKvZ ako-lns khn-[-n
\nv thpthmfw A\p-{K-l-
Ic--am-nb At-lw hmKvZ
ako-ln Aenp tNcp-I-bm-bn-
cpp. kzmanPn JmZnbm\n ZoL-
Imew Xma-kn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
temI-a-X-fpsS Hcp kt-f\w
hnfn -p -Iqn hnip Jp-Bs
kXyku-cy-fpw Ckvemans
KpWsshin-jvSy-fpw sXfnbnpIm-
pI FXv hmKvvZ ako-lns Hcp
B{K-l-am-bn -cpp. A-c-samcp
khaX kt-f-\-n ap-a -X-
pw Ah-c-h-cp-sS aX--fpsS
KpW-K-W- kan -m-\p
k`hpw Dm-hpatm.
hmKvZ ako -lns Cu
\ntZiw kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw
Xncndnbm-\p Hcp k`-am-hp-
sav kzman kpKN{ a\-n-emn.
Cs\ Hcp kt-f\w
\S-m-\p Fm ]cn-{i-
a -fpw Atlw hm -
K vZm\w sNbvXp. Imhn hkv{X
[mcnbpw A`y-kvX-hn -Zy\pw ]cn -
Nbk--\p-amb kzmanv lnp
tI{--fn Cu Bi-b-hp-ambn
kao-]n-m bmsXmcp {]bm-k-hp-an-
m-bn-cpp. Atlw aptmp sh
Cu A`n-{]mbw hfsc Kuc-h-]qhw
]cn-K-Wn--sp. {ItaW Hcp kh-
aX kt-f\w \S-m-\p Bibw
cq]-sphp.
hf-sc -tbsd {]bm -k-
AXnPohn-p-sImp kh-aX kt-
f\w F Bibw kmmIr-X-
ambn. kt-f\ns Xob-Xnbpw
ehpw {]Jym-]n --sp. 1896
Unkw-_ 26,27,28 Xob-Xn-I-fn
emtlm-dnse Sulmfn-em-bn-cpp
kt-f\w \Sm Xocp-am-\n-Xv.
ktf\w \Sm thn
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ns hnPbhmKvZm\apmbncp B {]_--ns Ah-X-cWw
Aeu-In-I-amb Hcp Znhyhnkva-b-am-bn-cpp. khaX-k-t-f-\-n
shv "Ckvemao Dkq Io ^ntem-k^n' (CkvemwaX-X-z-m\w)
F t]cn-ep hmKvZ ako-lns {]_w Ah-X-cn-n-Xn\v
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teJ
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t {]_w Xm -dm -m
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m {]_w sshIp-sav IcpXn
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{]_w asm {]_--sfbpw
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hgn -bn CsXmcp AS-bmfambn-
ocpw'Fo kphn-ti-j--f-S-n-bn-
cpp. Unkw-_ 21\v A-Snp hnX-
cWw sNm hmKvZ akolv Hcp
hnm]\-ap-mn. "kXym-t\z-j-
Iv Hcp kphm' Fm-bn-cpp
AXns XehmNIw. Cu hn\o-X-\mb
FtmSv Cu eLp-hn -m-]\w
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sNm hmKvZ akolv \ntZ-
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bXv. A-Sn-im-e-bn \nv AXv tiJ-
cnv Rm Im\S-bmbn _m-e-bn-
tev hn-I-b-dm t]mbn. 1896
Unkw_ 22\v Dbvv emtlm-dn-
sen. hnX-c-W-n-\mbn Xm-dmn
\nnb Bfp -Iv Rm
t\mokv Gevnp.
hf-sc-tbsd XS--fpw _pn-
ap-p-Ifpw Cu kt-f\w \S-p
Xn\v t\cntSnhp. ]t Am-
lphns ImcpWyw Hp sImv
am{X-amWv Cu kt-f\w \nnX
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bn \S-Xv. blq-Zn-I-sf-tmse Nne
lnp ktlm-Z-c-mcpw hfsc henb
XS--fpw IpnX X{-fpw Cu
khaX kt-f-\s ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-
m Bkq-{XWw sNbvXn-cpp.
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s\SpwtIm-I-sfmw (ssJ-_tIm-)
XIpt]mbn. shfn]m-Sp-I-fn
Cu {]Xn-_---sfmw XIp
t]mIp-sapw Acp-f-m-Sp -m-bn-
cpp. "Amlp AIv_ Jcn-_Xv
ssJ_' (A-m -lp Ghpw
henbh, ssJ_ \in-p t]mbn)
Fm-bn-cpp B shfn-]mSv. kt-
f\ \S-n-n\v emtlm Sulm
D]-tbm-Kn-m i{Xp- k-Xn-
n. AXn-t\-m Ghpw \ thZn-
bmb Ckvemanbm sslkvq-fnse
thZn kt-f-\-n-\mbn Hcp-n-
p. AXv AXn-hn-im-e-amb Hcp
Ccp-\ne sIn-S-am-bn-cpp. henb apdn-
Ifpw Kme-dn-tbmSp IqSnb hnim-e-am-
b lmfp-I-fp-ap Ccw henb
kt-f-\-v ]nb Xpd-mb
Kmw`o-cy -am sIn-S -am-bn -cpp
Ckvemanbm sslkvq-fnse thZn.
1896 Unkw-_ 26 Bbn-cpp
kh-aX kt-f-\-ns BZy-Zn\w.
B ka-bv kt-f-\-n\v Fn-
t-h-cpsS Fw A{X A[n-I-am-
bn -cp -n. hmKvZ ako-lns
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Xv. kml-Ncysfmw XnIpw
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n\v D-k-abw \nbn--Xnse
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hmKvZ ako-lns {]Xo\p-
k-cnv kt-f\w hnP-bn-n F
Bi--bp -ap -m-bn -cpp. ]t,
Amlphns ImcpWyw asm-cp hn[-
n {]I-S-ambn. P\- Iqw-Iq--
ambn kt-f-\--e-tv B\-bn-
sSp-Xv t]mse A\p-`-h-sp.
{]kwKw tIp--Xn \nv P\-
sf XS--h hn]-co-X coXn-bn
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kt-f\w {ihn-m P\--fpsS
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HupIyw FXn-hscqSn
kt-f-\-lm-fn-tev BIjn--Sp-n-
p-I-bm-bn-cpp. P\- Cc-p-I-b-
dp-hm Bcw- np. Fm sIn-S-fpw
P\-km-{-ambn amdn. Bfp-I Xnn
sRcpn ap--hv Ccn-n-Ssamcp-
p-p-m-bn-cpp.
Unkw-_-dnse Ah[n Znhkfm-
b-Xn-\m AXn\p Npp-ap ]e
epw hnhn[ Xc-n-ep kt-
f -\ - \S-p -p -m-bn -cpp.
`uXnI Imcy--fn apgp-Inb P\-
kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Atm-tm-
bn-cpp Hgp-tI-Xv. ]t, Cu ka-
bv kt-f-\-lm-fn-tev P\-
Iqw-Iq--am-sb-n-bXv Xo-bmbpw
Akm-[m-cWhpw AZv`p-X-I-c-hp-amb
ImgvN Xs-bm-bn-cpp. AhnsS IqSn-
bn -cp-h-scmw CXn\v ]nn
ssZh-ns Ic- Xs-bm-Wp-
-sXv k-Xn -p-I-bp -mbn.
knp-Im-c-t\m lnp-hnt\m Cu
hkvXpX \ntj-[n-m-\m-hp-I-bn. Hcp
Bcykam -Pntm apkvenant\m
CXns\ Jfin-m km[y-a--m-bn-
cpp. IqSn -bn -cp P\--fpsS
lrZbv Hcp arZpXzw A\p-`-h-
s-Xv {InkvXym-\n -pw PqX-a-X-
\pw tZhkam-Pnpw ImWm-Xn-cn-
m km[y-a-m-bn-cpp. Cu ]cn-
]mSnsbbpw A\p- -h--sfbpw kw_-
nv kqva -amb hnh-cWw
\IpI km[y-a. AXv hmp-
I-Xo-X-am-bn-cpp. Npcp--n
B kt-f-\-n\p A\p-`-h-s
A-con\v Xpey -ambn
asmpapm-bn-cp-n. AXv AXn-
a -l-\o -b-hpw ]hn-{X-hp -amb Hcp
ktf-\-am-bn-cpp.
{]_w Ah-X-cn-n-m XpS-
nb DSXs P\--fn Bflo-
b-ssN-X-\y-ns Xnc-bn-fw A\p-
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ln]v