At the end of this lesson you will be At the end of this lesson you will be able to:able to:

Identify several new weapons and technological Identify several new weapons and technological improvements developed during World War Iimprovements developed during World War I

Predict the actions of the United States in Predict the actions of the United States in response to the war in Europe response to the war in Europe

Compare and contrast weapons that are used Compare and contrast weapons that are used today with those from WWItoday with those from WWI

Hypothesize an outcome for the war based on Hypothesize an outcome for the war based on the new technology used by each sidethe new technology used by each side

World War IWorld War IA new kind of warfare for a global A new kind of warfare for a global

conflictconflict

ReviewReviewA World Wide StruggleA World Wide Struggle

Central PowersCentral Powers GermanyGermany Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary BulgariaBulgaria Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

Allied PowersAllied Powers Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance RussiaRussia SerbiaSerbia ItalyItaly Japan (32 in total) Japan (32 in total)

Technological Developments Changed Technological Developments Changed the Nature of Modern Warfarethe Nature of Modern Warfare

Due to Due to industrialization industrialization weapons weapons were were mass producedmass produced

New weaponsNew weapons never tried before never tried before were used for the first timewere used for the first time

Machine GunsMachine Guns

In 1914 machine In 1914 machine guns were required guns were required to rest on a tripod to rest on a tripod and needed 4-6 and needed 4-6 men to operate it men to operate it but it could fire 400-but it could fire 400-600 rounds a 600 rounds a minute. minute.

Machine GunsMachine Guns

By the end of the By the end of the war a machine war a machine gun could fire gun could fire twice as much twice as much and could be and could be used by 1-2 used by 1-2 men.men.

SubmarinesSubmarines

German U-boats - attack 1) allied German U-boats - attack 1) allied warships warships and 2) allied and 2) allied shipping boatsshipping boats. .

May 7, 1915 May 7, 1915 Sinking of the LusitaniaSinking of the Lusitania off the off the coast of Ireland killing 1,109 people (124 coast of Ireland killing 1,109 people (124 were Americans). The Lusitania was a were Americans). The Lusitania was a passenger liner but on the day it was sunk passenger liner but on the day it was sunk it had ammunitions and 12 six inch guns.it had ammunitions and 12 six inch guns.

Did the Germans have the right to attack?Did the Germans have the right to attack?

British Blockades in North SeaBritish Blockades in North Sea MissionMission – to prevent ships from reaching – to prevent ships from reaching

Germany in an attempt to ruin their Germany in an attempt to ruin their economy and starve the people.economy and starve the people.

German ReactionGerman Reaction – Use U-boats to sink – Use U-boats to sink ships carrying food and guns to Britain.ships carrying food and guns to Britain.

Battle of JutlandBattle of Jutland – Fought in North Sea on – Fought in North Sea on 5/31/1916 – Germans wanted to destroy 5/31/1916 – Germans wanted to destroy portion of Britain’s navy & blockade, portion of Britain’s navy & blockade, Britain wanted to keep German navy away Britain wanted to keep German navy away from their shipping lanes. from their shipping lanes.

WWI PropagandaWWI Propaganda

The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin

These airships were used as bombers in These airships were used as bombers in WWI by the Germans. At first they were WWI by the Germans. At first they were successful because they could outrun successful because they could outrun airplanes.airplanes.

Their great weakness was their Their great weakness was their vulnerability to gunfire. vulnerability to gunfire.

Chemical WeaponsChemical Weapons Germans were the first to use poisonous Germans were the first to use poisonous

gas made up of chlorine which would gas made up of chlorine which would cause choking and even death. cause choking and even death.

The French used tear gas in grenades The French used tear gas in grenades (riot control)(riot control)

Mustard gas was first used during WWI Mustard gas was first used during WWI and was responsible for about 70% of and was responsible for about 70% of the million-plus gas casualties. the million-plus gas casualties.

Effects - burn any body-tissue which it Effects - burn any body-tissue which it touches. touches.

By the end of the war By the end of the war devices were devices were invented to protect invented to protect the soldiersthe soldiers

However, more than a However, more than a million died as a million died as a result of chemical result of chemical weaponsweapons

AirplanesAirplanes

Were used for the first time in WWIWere used for the first time in WWI Mostly used for observing troop Mostly used for observing troop

movements b/c they were slowmovements b/c they were slow Eventually machine guns were Eventually machine guns were

added to them so they could join in added to them so they could join in the fightingthe fighting

TanksTanks

Britain created the first tank – an Britain created the first tank – an armored vehicle with machine guns armored vehicle with machine guns and cannons on it. and cannons on it.

Made it safer to advance and kill Made it safer to advance and kill enemy.enemy.

Travel was easier through rough Travel was easier through rough terrainterrain

19161916 19171917

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Trenches were Trenches were used by both used by both sides as a way to sides as a way to fight the enemy fight the enemy advancing into advancing into unwanted unwanted territoryterritory

What do you see?What do you see?

Two Fronts of WWITwo Fronts of WWI Western FrontWestern Front –A –A

series of trenches that series of trenches that ran from the North ran from the North Sea to the Swiss Sea to the Swiss border (map 517)border (map 517)

Germany was to the Germany was to the East and the Allies to East and the Allies to the West. the West.

Eastern FrontEastern Front – – fighting that occurred fighting that occurred from the Baltic Sea to from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea (map the Black Sea (map 515)515)

Much longer than the Much longer than the Western Front so Western Front so trenches were not as trenches were not as developeddeveloped

Average Year for British SoldierAverage Year for British Soldier

15% - on the front line (where the fighting 15% - on the front line (where the fighting occurs)occurs)

10% - on the support line (ready to support 10% - on the support line (ready to support the front line)the front line)

30% - on reserve line 30% - on reserve line 20% - rest 20% - rest 25% - other (hospital, traveling, leave, 25% - other (hospital, traveling, leave,

training courses, etc.) training courses, etc.)

New & Modern WeaponsNew & Modern Weapons

Machine GunsMachine Guns Navy Navy

Battleships Battleships U-boatsU-boats

ZeppelinZeppelin TanksTanks AirplaneAirplane Mustard GasMustard Gas

Trench WarTrench War – – strategy was to strategy was to defend position while defend position while attacking enemy attacking enemy

No Man’s LandNo Man’s Land – – AttritionAttrition – – wear down wear down

enemy’s resources so enemy’s resources so they can no longer they can no longer fight warfight war

The U.S. Enters WWIThe U.S. Enters WWI

Policy of NeutralityPolicy of Neutrality Woodrow Wilson President at beginning of Woodrow Wilson President at beginning of

WWIWWI He and most Americans believed WWI was He and most Americans believed WWI was

a European issue – no reason to get a European issue – no reason to get involved.involved.

America is a country of immigrants – many America is a country of immigrants – many have relatives living in Europe. What does have relatives living in Europe. What does this mean?this mean?

U.S. business traded with both sides – very U.S. business traded with both sides – very good for U.S. economygood for U.S. economy

Use of PropagandaUse of Propaganda Great Britain used propaganda to Great Britain used propaganda to

make the Germans look bad (i.e. U-make the Germans look bad (i.e. U-boats attacking defenseless civilians)boats attacking defenseless civilians)

U.S. also had government agency U.S. also had government agency that controlled the news of the War.that controlled the news of the War.

Zimmerman NoteZimmerman Note Zimmerman was a German official who Zimmerman was a German official who

sent a telegram to the German sent a telegram to the German ambassador in Mexicoambassador in Mexico

This proposed an alliance between This proposed an alliance between Germany and MexicoGermany and Mexico

If Mexico joins WWI on the side of If Mexico joins WWI on the side of Germany they would help Mexico regain Germany they would help Mexico regain Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.

Predict American response?Predict American response?

April 6, 1917April 6, 1917 Congress votes to declare Congress votes to declare war on Germany.war on Germany.

President Wilson declares, “The world President Wilson declares, “The world must be made safe for democracy.”must be made safe for democracy.”