The$NanoSat$revolu/on:$Observa/ons$from$the$front$lines$

Jordi&Puig*Suari&

Professor$Aerospace$Engineering$

California$Polytechnic$State$U.$

Founder$&$CSO$Tyvak$$

NanoESatellite$Systems$Inc.$$

ASU$Colloquium$October$21,$2015$

Cal$Poly$Ac/vi/es$•  Create&&&Maintain&CubeSat&Standard&

•  Develop&Cal&Poly&CubeSats&(CP&series)&&–  9&CubeSats&launched&+&3&CubeSat&in&Development&

•  IntegraCng&and&Launching&CubeSats&–  Successfully&Completed&18&Launch&Campaigns&

•  >100&CubeSat&integrated,&>50&P*PODs&•  13&Different&launch&vehicles&and&8&ranges&

•  Commercialize&Advanced&NanoSat&Systems&

•  Develop&Advanced&Nano*Sat&Missions&

•  Commercial&Launch&Services&

&

Tyvak:$Small$StartEUp$

4&

CubeSat$Standard$

•  P-POD Deployer •  Protect Primary & Launch Vehicle •  Launch Vehicle Flexibility •  Simplicity •  3 CubeSats (or 3U spacecraft)

•  Developed by Cal Poly Students

•  PicoSatellite&(Small)&&•  Simple&Standard&&

•  Manageable&by&universiCes&

Successful$Standard$•  >200&CubeSats&in&LEO&

– >10&Vehicles&(Russia,&US,&India,&Europe,&Japan)&+ISS&

– Regular&Launches&Available&–  Increasing&Capability&

•  Large&Developer&Community&– University&Leadership&– Government&/&Industry&

– Worldwide&

– NEW&PLAYERS!!&•  Companies&/&Countries&/&UniversiCes&

Great$Standard$

•  Hit&the&bullseye&

Great$Standard$

•  Hit&the&bullseye&(Not&Really)&

•  Created&the&bullseye&around&standard&•  Benefits&from&standardizaCon&

CubeSat:$Revolu/on$or$Evolu/on?$•  EvoluCon:&&Smaller&Spacecraa&

•  RevoluCon:&&New&Way&of&Doing&Space&– Higher&Risk&Tolerance&– More&Flexible&Launches&– Higher&Numbers&– Lower&Cost&/&Complexity&– StandardizaCon&– COTS&Electronics&

8&

Industry$Evolu/on$!$

Cme&

fund

ing&

University&Government&Private&firms&

IniCally&universiCes&using&minimal&funds&(2000)&

Global&growth&of&universiCes&programs&&

IniCal&Gov.&Program:&NASA&GeneSat&(2006)&

Gov.&Experimental&demonstrators:&NRO&Colony&I&&&II&NASA&Edison&.&.&.&

Gov.&Missions:&USAF&SENSE&&EU&QB50&NSF&Space&Weather&.&.&.&

IniCal&VC&investment&in&commercial&missions:&SkyBox&(2009)&Planet&Labs&(2010)&

VC&Funding&explosion:&NanosaCsfi/Spire&Dauria/Canopus&AlCus&Space&Machines&Satellogic&Outernet&.&.&.&

Companies$Evolu/on$$

GomSpace&Clyde&Space&Pumpkin&

MAI&Blue&Canyon&

BST&SSBV&

Tyvak&Canopus&Spire&&Planet&Labs&

NovaWurks&&

Tyvak&GomSpace&

Commercial&Missions&Component&

suppliers&

Complete&Spacecraa&

/me$

Standard$Evolu/on$

•  Growing&Standard&&

•  Increasing&Performance&and&Mission&Capability&– Also&Increased&Cost&&&CriCcality&&&&

1U$

3U$

6U$

Observa/ons$

•  This&is&not&a&new&thing&– Surrey,&AmSat,&Shuile&Gas&Can,&.&.&.&

•  CubeSat&took&it&too&new&level&– StandardizaCon&– Worldwide&Interest&

– Electronics&RevoluCon&– Very&High&Performance/cost&raCo&&

CubeSats$are$Unique$

LOW&COST&

SMALL&MANY&

LAUNCHES&

COTS&PARTS&

RISK&TOLERANT&

HIGHLY&INTEGRATED&

FAST&SCHEDULE&

CubeSats$are$Unique$

•  Not&Independent&CharacterisCcs&

LOW&COST&

SMALL&MANY&

LAUNCHES&

COTS&PARTS&

RISK&TOLERANT&

HIGHLY&INTEGRATED&

FAST&SCHEDULE&

CubeSats$are$Unique$

LOW&COST&

SMALL& MANY$LAUNCHES$

COTS$PARTS$

RISK&TOLERANT&

HIGHLY&INTEGRATED&

FAST&SCHEDULE&

LAUNCH$

Tradi/onal$Space$

Low&Risk&Tolerance&

High&Redundancy&

Increased&

Complexity&

Higher&Cost/Mass&

Limited&High*Cost&Launch&

Tradi/onal$Space$

Low&Risk&Tolerance&

High&Redundancy&

Increased&

Complexity&

Higher&Cost/Mass&

Limited&High*Cost&Launch&

• $CostEGrowth$Spiral$• $OK$for$Big$Space$

Tradi/onal$SpacecraY$Launch$Path$

•  Early&Launch&Vehicle&SelecCon&•  Launch&Vehicle&Influences&

Spacecraa&&

•  Long&Term&Planning&

•  OK&for&Big&Spacecraa&

LAUNCH&VEHICLE&

SATELITE&PROGRAM&

LAUNCH&LAUNCH&VEHICLE&

SELECTION&

Current$System$

•  Develop&Spacecraa&Without&Firm&Launch&•  Include&CubeSat&AccommodaCons&without&

Firm&Payloads&•  StandardizaCon&is&Key&

LAUNCH

&CO

ORD

INATION&

PROGRA

MS&

SATELLITE&SATELLITE&CUBESAT&

SATELLITE&SATELLITE&LAUNCH&

VEHICLE&

VIDEO$

Standardized$Small$Space$

High&Risk&Tolerance&

Limited&Mission&Requirements&

Decreased&

Complexity&

Low*Cost/Mass&

High&Numbers&

Frequent&Low*Cost&Launch&

&

Standardized$Small$Space$

High&Risk&Tolerance&

Limited&Mission&Requirements&

Decreased&

Complexity&

Low*Cost/Mass&

High&Numbers&

Frequent&Low*Cost&Launch&

&

Keys&

• $Innova/on$Spiral$• Complements$Big$Space$

Next$Step$

•  Dedicated&NanoSat&Launch&vehicles&(NLV’s)&•  Move&away&from&Primary&payload&dependency&

–  ConstellaCons&–  Dedicated&Orbits&

•  Match&CubeSat&risk/cost&posture&

•  Ongoing&development:&DARPA*ALASA,&Rocket&Labs,&Firefly,&Virgin&GalacCc,&S3,&.&.&.&

COTS$PARTS$

What$Are$We$Doing?$

Bring$Commercial$Electronics$Revolu/on$To$Space$

SpacecraY$Trends$

Mass / Volume

Per

form

ance

•  Standard&Space&view&•  Bigger&someCmes&required&by&physics&(Aperture)&

NanoSat&

CubeSat$Ini/al$Condi/ons$

Mass / Volume

Per

form

ance

1U$3U$

CubeSat$Ini/al$Condi/ons$

Mass / Volume

Per

form

ance

1U$3U$

CubeSat$Standard$HardELimit$

•  CubeSat&Standard&was&a&hard&barrier&to&growth&•  Forced&�Guerrilla&Space�&approach&

Ini/al$Evolu/on$

Mass / Volume

Per

form

ance

CubeSat$Evolu/on$Trend$

CubeSat$Standard$HardELimit$

1U$3U$

•  CreaCve&mission&and&system&design&•  High&performance&COTS&parts&•  Redefined&risk*posture&

Current$State$

Mass / Volume

Per

form

ance

Con/nuing$CubeSat$Evolu/on$Trend$

CubeSat$Standard$HardELimit$

1U$ 3U$

•  Following&commercial&electronics&revoluCon&•  Not&close&to&performance&limits&&

Component$Trends$

Mass / Volume

Per

form

ance

IniCal&CubeSat&Components&Trend&

IniCal&Cube

Sat&Componen

ts&Trend&

33&

Commercial$Electronics$Applica/on$Example$

&

•  Original&Instrument:&NRL&Tiny&Ionospheric&Photometer&System&(TIPS)&on&COSMIC&Satellite&–  3000&cm3,&2.3&Kg&&and&7.6&W&Orbit&Average&

Electronics$

Sensor$Head$

105&mm&

SRI’s$CubeSat$Tiny$Ionospheric$Photometer$(CTIP)$

34&

CubeSat$Instrument$

•  CTIP:&<1000&cm3,&<1&Kg&&and&2*3W&Orbit&Average&

•  Matches&TIPS&Performance&

HV$PS$$

SrF2&Filter&&

PMT&

Shuier&Mirror&&

HV&Power&Supply&&Temp&Controller&&

Electronics$Trends$

Mass / Volume / Power

Per

form

ance

Latest$Trends$

Mass / Volume

Per

form

ance

IniCal&CubeSat&Components&Trend&

IniCal&Cube

Sat&Componen

ts&Trend&

•  Improving&performance&while&reducing&size&

•  ExponenCal&increase&in&performance&at&1U&and&3U&

ADC$Example$

Mass / Volume

Per

form

ance

Result:$Enhanced$Growth$$

Mass / Volume

Per

form

ance

CubeSat$Standard$HardELimit$

1U$

3U$

12U$

6U$

•  New&large&form&factors&benefit&from&previous&size&restricCons&and&resulCng&innovaCon&

Next$Step$•  Highly&Integrated&Systems&

–  Eliminate&subsystem&divisions&

–  Follow&Cellphone/Laptop&principles&

Mission$Enabler$

Op/cal$Satellites$$

Non*ITAR&/&CRI&

6U&MulCspectral&Satellite&

12U&Satellite&(NEVEL)&Ground&ResoluCon&Detail:&2.5&Meters&

Ground&ResoluCon&Detail:&3.3&meters&narrow&model,&15&meters&wide&model&&

Light$Sail$

Interplanetary$Missions$

JPL’s&MarCO&

ASU’s&LunaH*Map&

Interplanetary$Missions$

UCSC&NanoSwarm&

Conclusions$

•  StandardizaCon&Works&

•  COTS&can&do&more&than&we&thought&and&outpace&space&specific&systems&

•  Higher&Risk&allows&for&fast&development&pace&

•  Smaller&simpler&spacecraa&feasible&

•  Constrains&can&be&creaCvity&engines&

All$these$can$apply$to$en/re$space$industry$

Lessons$Learned$•  Do&Not&Ignore&Crazy&Ideas&

– Difficult&to&IdenCfy&Brilliant&Ones&

•  InnovaCon&Is&Unexpected&– Outside&Tech&Road*Map&

– New&Players&– IniCally&Ignored&

•  QuesCon&Standard&PracCce&•  Small&Teams&are&Powerful&

46&

Lessons$Learned$• What&is&Worthwhile&Academic&Research?&

– Applied&Research&(Undergrads?)&– No&Clear&Fast&PublicaCon&Path&– Unfunded&

•  Is&Academia&Crazy*Idea&Friendly&Enough?&– Can&Revels&Survive?&– Can&we&Train&the&Next&Revels?&

•  Cross&Discipline&CollaboraCon&is&a&Must&

Lessons$Learned$•  Risk&is&OK&someCmes&

•  Do&not&Give&Up&•  Fun&is&Important&MoCvator&

•  Unintended&Consequences&can&be&Good&– Keep&your&eyes&open&

•  Seen&It&Before&– Apple,&Google,&.&.&.&

48&

Thank&You!&&&

Questions?!