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8/12/2019 Asssessing Ergonomic Hazard 2
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ASSSESSING ERGONOMIC
HAZARD
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Purposes
To Identify specific work place hazards
that can cause or aggravate work-related
MSIs, and than to reduce the workers
exposure
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It does not and cannot eliminate all MSIs among
affected workers
Its only reduce incidence / severity of MSIs
caused in whole or in part of the risk factorslisted in in the hazard assessment checklist
Non work-exposures and risk factors inherent
individual worker are not addressed
Use of this recommendation is voluntary
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Is this a caution zone job?
A caution zone job is a job where workerstypical work activities meet one or more of thephysical risk factors and level listed in table 1
Typical work activities are those that are regular
and forseeable part of the job , > 1 day/week , >1 week/year
Caution zone joball have sufficient degree ofrisk -> need some precautionary steps be taken
(ergonomic awareness training and hazardassessment)-but they do not necessarily haverisks great enough to require corrective action
Caution zone may not be hazardous
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The duration list in table 1 (see
acrobat reader doc , page 3)
Two hoursrefer to the total amount of
time workers exposed to the risk factors,
not how long they spend performing the
work activity that includes the risk factor
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What action that employer should
take
If there are no physical risk factor
exceeding the level list in table 1NO
ACTIONS ARE REQUIRED
If 1 physical risk factors exceed the
level list in table 1CAUTION ZONE
JOBergonomic awareness trainingto
provide workers with a basic level ofunderstanding knowledge
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The training for workers should
include:
How to use their work station, including how to
adjust its equipment and furnishings
How to use or select tools appropriate to the
work they are performing The safe work practices they are expected to
follow; and
Information describing the signs, symptoms andmethods of preventing MSIs
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When should a hazard
performance be performed
When work process or operation changes
When a new work process is introduced
Prior to the design and installation and anew workstation
Affected worker should be involved in
hazard assessment
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Ergonomics Rule: Major features
Do you have caution zone jobs?
Reduce exposure below
the hazard level
or to the degree feasible
No additional
requirements
Not covered
No requirements
Yes
Hazards present
No
No hazardspresent
Annual
review Annualreview
Two requirements:Awareness educationEvaluate caution zone
jobs for hazards
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Injuries and risk
factors
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Work-related
MusculoSkeletal
Disorders
WMSDs?
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Injuries and risk factors
What are Work-related Musculo Skeletal
Disorders (WMSDs)?
Common types and symptoms of injury
Causes and prevention of injury
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What are Work-related Musculo
Skeletal Disorders (WMSDs)? Also known as:
Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)
Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs)
Overuse injuries
Work Related Upper Limb Disorders (WRULDs) Musculo Skeletal Injuries (MSIs)
Musculo Skeletal Disorders (MSDs)
Soft tissue injuries
Usually develop gradually, but sometimes canappear suddenly
Can be serious, if not taken care of early
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What are some of the
symptoms of WMSDs?
Discomfort
Pain
Numbness
Tingling
Burning
Swelling
Change in color
Tightness, loss of
flexibility
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What causes WMSDs?
Risk Factors
Awkward Postures
High Hand Force
Repetitive Motions
Repeated Impacts
Heavy, Frequent, or Awkward Lifting
Moderate to High Hand-Arm Vibration
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Risk Factors
Risk of injury depends upon:
Duration (how long)
Frequency (how often)
Intensity (how much)
Combinations of risk factors
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Risk Factors
Duration
usually need hours of exposure before risk
factors become a concern
Can be all at one time or cumulative over the
day
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Risk factors for WMSDs
Awkward postures
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Standing neutral posture Seated neutral posture
Head level
Shoulders
relaxed
Feet supported
Wrists straight
Elbows at sides
Low back
supported
Neutral postures
Hands over head or elbows above
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For more than 2 hours per day
Hands over head or elbows aboveshoulders
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For more than 2 hours per day
Neck bent more than 30
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For more than 2 hours per day
Back bent more than 30
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For more than 2 hours per day
Squatting
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For more than 2 hours per day
Kneeling
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Wrists bent
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Reducing awkward postures
Change workstation heights & display heights
Tilt or rotate the work
Use platforms
Bring items within easy reach
Pause to stretch
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Case Study
Reducing awkward postures
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Risk Factors for WMSDs
High hand force
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High hand force
A power grip can be 5times stronger than a
pinch grip
=
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10 lbs. of weight or force formore than 2 hours per day
Gripping with the whole hand
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2 lbs. of weight or 4 lbs. of forcefor more than 2 hours per day
Pinching with the fingertips
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Your grip strength decreases when you:
Bend your wrists
Pick up slippery items
Wear poorly fitting gloves
Have cold hands
Other factors
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Pick objects up from the bottom using
whole hand
Attach handles or use lift tools Build up handles on small tools to
reduce grip force
Avoid pinch grips
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Pick up smaller loads
Use power tools instead of hand tools
Keep tools in good working order
Use lighter tools or tool balancers
Use two hands
Keep your wrists straight
Reduce power grip force
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Use clamps to hold onto work
Place items on carts rather than
carrying them
Put down a tool when not actually
using it
Avoid holding onto objects for long
periods
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Case Study
Use tool balancers
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Working with
bent wrists
decreases grip
strength
Use tools that
let you keep
your wrist
straight
Tool use example
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Risk factors for WMSDs
Highly repetitive motions
Hi hl i i i
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For more than 2 hours per day
Highly repetitive motion
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Arrange work to avoid unnecessary
motions
Let power tools and machinery do the work
Spread repetitive work out during the day
Take stretch pauses
Rotate task with co-workers if possible Change hands or motions frequently
Reducing repetition
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Case Study
Reducing repetitive motions
I t i k i
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For more than 4hours per day
Intensive keying
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Spread keyboard work throughout the day
Use macros for common functions
Take stretch pauses
Improve your posture and move around as
much as possible
Reducing intensive keying
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Risk factors for WMSDs
Repeated impacts
R t d i t
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Using the hand or knee as a hammer more than10 times per hour, more than 2 hours per day
Repeated impacts
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Use tools instead of your hand or knee
Avoiding repeated impacts
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Risk factors for WMSDs
Heavy, frequent or awkward lifting
H lifti
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Lifting 75 lbs.
once per day
Lifting 55 lbs.
more than 10
times per day
Heavy lifting
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Take smaller loads
at one time
Use mechanical
assistance -handtrucks, carts,
hoists, conveyors
Get help from a co-
worker
Reducing heavy lifting
Freq ent lifting
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Lifting more than 10 lbs., more than
twice per minute, for more than 2 hours
per day
Frequent lifting
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Use mechanical assistance
Slide objects instead of lifting them
Rotate lifting tasks with co-workersif possible
Reducing frequent lifting
Awkward lifting
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Lifting more than 25 lbs. above the shoulders,
below the knees or at arms length more than 25
times per day
Awkward lifting
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Store items where
you wont have to
bend or reach to lift
them Use rolling stairs to
get items down
from high shelves
Reducing awkward lifts
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Safe lifting technique
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Risk factors for WMSDs
Moderate to high handarm vibration
Vibration
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Moderate levelsof vibration for2 hours per day
High levels ofvibration for 30minutesper day
Vibration
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Use low vibration
tools if available
Maintain tools
Use tool wraps or
anti-vibration gloves
Keep hands warm
Reducing vibration
If you have identify a caution zone
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If you have identify a caution zone,
what next ?
Analyze it by using table 2 (do it
thoroughly and systematically)
Pay attention on physical demands of the job
(body position, force, repetition) The lay out of the work area (reaches,
working heights
The load lifting and handling requirements ofthe job (object size and shape)
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If the physical risk factor exceed table 2
A HAZARD IS PRESENTTAKE
ACTION !!
Changes to workstations and tools
Reducing the size and weights of loads
handled
Process redesign to eliminate unnecessarysteps or introduce task variety
Job rotation
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If the action cannot reduce hazards
While looking for alternatives to solve the
problems permanently
PPT
team lifting
training of work technique
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How to se the check list
Go to acrobat reader doc.(hazard
assessment check list-table 2) page 7-14
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What youcan do:
Recognize and reportsymptoms early
Get involved in ergonomics
Symptom recognition and
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Symptom recognition and
reporting
Report symptoms if:
Pain is persistent, severe or worsening
Pain radiates Symptoms include numbness or tingling
Symptoms keep you from sleeping at night
Why is it important to report
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Why is it important to report
symptoms early?
Chronic injuries sometimes lead to
disability, even surgery
Early treatment more successful
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Getting involved
Look at jobs and help identify problems
Come up with solutions
Work with solutions Take part in training
Take responsibility for changing the way
you do your job Help to make sure efforts are successful
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Six key points to remember
1 Ergonomics can help you on your job
2 Employers have to implement ergonomics if caution zone jobsare present
3 Risk factors can be reduced and WMSDs prevented
4 You can help your company put ergonomics changes into place
5 WMSDs can happen in jobs with risk factors
6 Reporting symptoms earlyis important
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