Assignment on Power Plant

8/8/2019 Assignment on Power Plant

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/assignment-on-power-plant 1/16

1

CEB MAINS GENERATORSOLAR

PANEL

UPS TRANSFORMER

AC TO DC

TRANSFER

DISTRIBUTION

PANEL

SERVER

BATTERY

COMPUTER

SOCKET

DISTRIBUTOR

ALARM SECURITY

CAMERA

AIR

CONDITIONLIGHTNING

TELEPHONE ROUTERRADIO

COMMUNICATION



2

Solar system



3

Solar

Solar panels generate free power from the sun by converting sunlight to electricity with nomoving parts. The solar panel, the first component of a electric solar energy system, is acollection of individual silicon cells that generate electricity from sunlight. The photons(light particles) produce an electrical current as they strike the surface of the thin siliconwafers. A single solar cell produces only about 1/2 (.5) of a volt. However, a typical 12 volt

panel about 25 inches by 54 inches will contain 36 cells wired in series to produce about17 volts peak output. If the solar panel can be configured for 24 volt output, there will be72 cells so the two 12 volt groups of 36 each can be wired in series, usually with a

jumper, allowing the solar panel to output 24 volts. When under load (charging batteriesfor example), this voltage drops to 12 to 14 volts (for a 12 volt configuration) resulting in75 to 100 watts for a panel of this size.

Multiple solar panels can be wired in parallel to increase current capacity (more power)and wired in series to increase voltage for 24, 48, or even higher voltage systems. Theadvantage of using a higher voltage output at the solar panels is that smaller wire sizescan be used to transfer the electric power from the solar panel array to the chargecontroller & batteries

SOLAR

PANEL



4

Charge Controllers

A Charge Controller is necessary to protect the batteries from over charging and supplythem with the proper amount of energy to promote long battery life

Since the brighter the sunlight, the more voltage the solar cells produce, the excessivevoltage could damage the batteries. A charge controller is used to maintain the proper charging voltage on the batteries. As the input voltage from the solar array rises, thecharge controller regulates the charge to the batteries preventing any overcharging.



5

Battery Size

The size of the battery bank required will depend on the storage capacity required, theMaximum discharge rate, the maximum charge rate, and the minimum temperature atwhich the batteries will be used. When designing a power system, all of these factorsare looked at, and the one requiring the largest capacity will dictate battery size. Our System Sizing work forms take many of these factors into account.



6

Monitoring battery voltage and system performance

It is important to know the state of your system. Specifically, you need to keep closewatch on the SOC (state of charge) of your batteries. By not allowing your batteries todischarge below a certain point you can greatly improve their performance and extendtheir life. Monitoring the Voltage and Current readings in your system will tell you how fullyour batteries are and how fast they are charging or discharging. All this can be

monitored with one or more meters. I like to have one meter continuously display theSolar Panels charging current and a multi-function display for Voltage, Amp Hours, andother functions.

Battery Voltage Chart

% of Full Charge Voltage

100 % charged 12.7 volts


80 % charged 12.5 volts70 % charged 12.3 volts







completely discharged11.6

volts or less



7

The Power Inverter

Unless you plan on using battery power for everything, you will need a Power Inverter.Since the majority of modern conveniences all run on 120 volts AC, the Power Inverter will be the heart of your Solar Energy System. It not only converts the low voltage DC tothe 230 volts AC that runs most appliances, but also can charge the batteries if connected to the utility grid or a AC Generator as in the case of a totally independentstand-alone solar power system.



8

The generator is connected with a big tank containing diesel. It can provide voltage

depending on how many loads are connected to the output. It start when both solar and

main cut off. Its purpose is to allow continuous current flows. It will not be used to

general purpose but only to specific appliances such as communication systems and

computer and even all switching sockets.

GENERATOR



9

ALTERNATING CURRENT FROM CEB (Central Electricity Board)

Mains supply

Voltage supply from ceb provide only when solar panel do not have the ability to charge

the battery at its specific level. The current will flows from ceb till the battery is fully

charge.

CEB MAINS



10

Transfer Switches

Transfer Switch

The transfer switch provides switching between both the 3 mains. It is being controlled

by a microcontroller and it has been program to do various works.

Automatic transfer switches continually monitor the incoming utility power to the industry. Any variations such as voltage drops, brownouts, voltagespikes, or surges will cause the internal circuitry of the transfer switch tostart the generator and will then transfer your power source to thegenerator (instead of utility power) when additional switch circuitrydetermines the generator has the proper voltage and frequency. Whenutility power returns or no anomalies have occurred for a set amount of time, the transfer switch will then transfer back to utility power and instruct

the generator to turn off, after another specified amount of "cool down" timewith no load on the generator.

A transfer switch can be set up to provide power to only critical circuits or entire electrical (sub) panels. Some transfer switches allow for loadshedding or prioritization of optional circuits, such as heating and coolingequipment.

TRANSFER

SWITCH



11

Distributor panel

The distributor panel consists of four output 230V alternating current .every output is

control by a microcontroller and can do specific works.

y First output is connected to the transformer which will always allow current to

flows even power failure

y Second output is connected to the air condition that mean when both CEB AND

SOLAR cut off air condition also will be OFF

y Third output is connected to the lightning which will be dimmer when both CEB

AND SOLAR cut OFF

y Fourth output is connected to all computer, server and socket via a UPS and this

will always be activated.

DISTRIBUTION

PANEL



12

Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)

Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)

The Residual Current Device (RCD) NFIN is in conformity with the standards of IEC1008, VDE 0664, CEE27 and BS 4293. It can cut off the fault circuit immediately on theoccasion of shock hazard or earth leakage of trunk line, thus it is suitable to avoid theshock hazard and fire caused by earth leakage. NFIN RCD is mainly suitable for usingin varieties of plants, enterprises, buildings, constructions, commerce, Hotels andfamilies, it can be sued in circuits up to single phase 240V, three phase 415V, 50 or 60Hz.

Rated current: 25A, 40A, 63A, 100ARated operating current for earth leakage: 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5Pole: 2p, 4p



13

Main breaker

This breaker is connected before the distribution. Actually, the main breaker is thebreaker that the feeder wire connects to it and is distributed in the distribution panel for the output. This breaker is a two-pole breaker that is connected to 240 volts to power allappliances. The main breaker acts as the disconnecting means to the entire power loadof your distribution box. With it off, there is no power being fed to the buss bar that feedsthe branch circuit breakers.

The purpose of this breaker is to cut off current in all area in case of emergency.



14

RCD (Residual Current Device)

This is an electrical device that disconnects a circuit whenever it detects that the electric

current is not balanced between the energized conductor and the

return neutral conductor. Such an imbalance is sometimes caused by current leakage

through the body of a person who is grounded and accidentally touching the energized

part of the circuit. A lethal shock can result from these conditions. RCDs are designed

to disconnect quickly enough to mitigate the harm caused by such shocks although theyare not intended to provide protection against overload or circuit conditions.

It is classified as follow:

y One Air conditional = 20 amps

y Lighting per studio =15 amps

y 3 socket =15 amps

y One computer =15 amps

y A Server =25 amps



15

UPS (Uninterruptible power supply)

One UPS, multiple computers. Only one of them can actually talk to the UPS directly.That's where the network comes in. The Master system runs the driver, upsd, andupsmon in master mode. The Slave systems only run upsmon in slave mode.

The purpose of this ups is when transfer switch is in process there will be no surge, or spike voltage affecting computer, server and socket.

UPS



16

Documents

Assignment on Power Plant