Booting Your ComputerBooting your computer is the process of powering it on and starting the operating system. This section will identify the steps in the boot process. Usually, you will not need to know too much about this process; you will power on your machine, and in a few minutes your computer will be ready to use. However, it is useful to know a little about the boot process in case your computer stops booting.Powering Up Your ComputerTo start your machine, you need to turn on the monitor and computer. I usually turn on the monitor first so that I don't forget. If you have a printer you can turn that on as well.If all goes well, you will see an image on your monitor, and your computer will start the boot process. If you see no image, make sure the monitor cable is plugged in, and make sure that your computer and monitor are both plugged in and are turned on.Usually your computer will beep once or twice on bootup. This is normal, and nothing to worry about. Repeated beeping combined with no display and/or error messages indicate that something might be wrong. Otherwise, your computer will proceed to perform a power-on self test. the steps in the DOS boot process: 1 The BIOS, having completed its functions, loads the boot code in the master boot record and transfers control to it. The master boot record code begins execution. If the boot device is a floppy disk, the process continues with step 6. 2 The master boot code examines the master partition table. It is searching for two things. First, it must determine if there is an extended DOS partition. Second, it must determine if there is a bootable partition specified in the partition table. 3 If the master boot code finds an extended partition on the disk, it loads the extended partition table that describes the first logical volume in the extended partition. This extended partition table is examined to see if it points to another extended partition table. If it does, then that table contains information about the second logical volume in the extended partition, so it is loaded and examined. (Recall that logical volumes in the extended partition have their extended partition table chained one to the next.) This process is continued until all of the extended partitions have been loaded and recognized by the system. 4 After loading the extended partition information (if any), the code attempts to boot the primary partition that is marked active (bootable). If there are no partitions marked active, then the boot process will terminate with an error. The error message is often the same one that occurs if the BIOS finds no boot device, and is generally something like "No boot device", but can be the infamous "NO ROM BASIC - SYSTEM HALTED". 5 If there is a primary partition marked active, the code will boot it. The rest of the steps assume this is a DOS primary partition. 6 The volume boot sector is loaded into memory and tested, and the boot code that it contains is given control of the remainder of the boot process. 7 The volume boot code examines the structures on the disk that it is booting to ensure that everything is correct and in the right place. If not, the boot process will end in an error here as well. 8 The code searches the root directory of the device being booted for the operating system files that contain the operating system. For a system running MS-DOS these are the files "IO.SYS", "MSDOS.SYS" and "COMMAND.COM". 9 If the operating system files are not found, the boot program will display an error message, which is usually something like "Non-system disk or disk error - Replace and press any key when ready". Some people think that this message means the system was never booted, that the BIOS examined the floppy disk for example and just rejected it because it couldn't boot it. As you can see from this description of the boot process, the volume boot code was indeed loaded and executed, and in fact it is what prints the message when it can't find the operating system files! See here for an explanation of why this distinction is so important. 10 If the operating system files are found, the boot program will load them into memory and transfer control to them. First, IO.SYS is loaded and its code executed. IO.SYS will then executed MSDOS.SYS (in pure DOS systems--MSDOS.SYS is just a text file in Windows 95 and later.) Then the more complete operating system code loads and initializes the rest of the operating system structures. For MS-DOS, this means loading the command interpreter (COMMAND.COM) and then reading and interpreting the contents of the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT system control files.1 DIR : This command is used to display of directory and files.Syntax : C:\> DIR ? 2 RD (Remove Directory) : If a Directory which was earlier is ;not required than such directory can be removed by usingSyntax : C:\> RD Directory nameExample : >RD student3 Copy Con : Its command is used to create a file. The name of the file, which is to be created, is written after the copy Con leaving one space in betweenSyntax : Copy Con file nameTo created a file, the following steps are :(i) Type Copy Con Monu and press Enter.(ii) Type whatever is to be typed in the file.(iii) Press F6 function key or CTRL + Z keys ?Z will be displayed on the screen, which indicates that the file is complete.(iv) Press Enter and after that the DOS will save the file and will display the message 1 File(s) copied.4 Type : This command is used to view the contents of text file.Syntax : Type 5 EDIT - creates a new file or modifies an existing fileTo create a text file in DOS you invoke the Screen Editorby using the EDIT command.Command Syntax: EDIT DRIVE:\PATH\ FILE 6 PROMPT - changes the command promptIt is useful if you can see immediately from the command/screen prompt what directory you are currently working in (i.e. the current directory) and the path to that directory. The PROMPT command enables you to do this.To make the command prompt show the path to the current directory, and not just theletter representing the default disk drive, type PROMPT $P$GYour AUTOEXEC.BAT file may already include this command line, if not it can be edited to do so. In this way a useful prompt will be set up every time you start a new session on your computer.After typing PROMPT $P$G as indicated, move up and down through the directory structure to see how the prompt changes. 7 Ren : This command is used to rename the file. In REN command two parameters are used. The first is the file we want to rename and the second is the new name for the file.Syntax : > Ren 8 TREE - displays the directory structureThe TREE command enables the user to obtain a graphical view of the structure of directories and subdirectories on a disk.Command Syntax: TREE DRIVE:\PATH /SWITCHWhere SWITCH isF - Display the names of files in each directoryExample 1: Display the structure of the DOCS directoryTREE C:\DOCS Checking spellingMicrosoft Word has three ways of checking spelling:Many common typing errors are corrected automatically using a tool called AutoCorrect. You can also customize AutoCorrect to include your own common errors. Find out more about AutoCorrect by reading the AutoCorrect Turbotool.You can set Microsoft Word's Spelling and Grammar feature to check spelling as you type.You can run a spelling check on a whole document at any time you want.On this page, the Turbocharger will explain how to check spelling as you type, how to run a spelling check on a document and how to customize the Microsoft Word spelling checker to include your own words.Microsoft Word's spelling check feature does not finish the job of checking your spelling. It is sure to miss many common errors. At the end of this page, the Turbocharger will tell you what spelling checkers cannot do.Using MS Word's AutoCorrect FacilityMicrosoft Word's AutoCorrect facility can automatically correct common spelling mistakes and often-used acronyms, initialisms etc.AutoCorrect can be turned on and off from the Tools menu:Go to the Tools menu and select Options. Click the Spelling & Grammar tab. In the Spelling area, check (on) or uncheck (off) the Check spelling as you type checkbox. Adding entries to AutoCorrectTo manually add entries to AutoCorrect: 1 Go to the Tools menu and select AutoCorrect (Word 2000) or AutoCorrect Options (Word XP/2003). 2 In the AutoCorrect: English (Australia) dialog, go to the Replace field and enter the incorrect word or acronym/initialism (eg. organize, ATO). 3 In the With field, enter the correct word or full text of the acronym/initialism (eg. organise, Australian Taxation Office). 4 Click the Add button. 5 Click the OK button. Format ParagraphThe paragraph formatting includes tabs, bullets,paragraph numbering, alignment, indentation, line and paragraph spacing, widows and orphans, keep text together, keep with next. Not all items are included on the Format, Paragraph dialog boxes.To use, select any paragraph to be effected, then accessthe Paragraph dialog box, from the menu choose, Format, ParagraphHeader and Footer ToolbarThe tools on the Header and Footer toolbar allow the insertion of page numbers and the time/date.Different Odd/Even Pages and Different First PageFrom the menu choose, File, Page Setup, then the Layout tab(allows different odd/even pages)Turn off first page if desired Header/Footer Margins From the menu choose File, Page Setup, then the Marginstab (changes the distance between text and header)Bullets/Paragraph NumberingParagraph NumberingFor paragraph numbering, on the toolbar use the paragraph numbering button BulletsFor bullets, on the toolbar use the bullet button Changing Bullets or NumbersFrom the menu select Format, Bullets & Numbering Choose the desired bullets from the bullet tab or numbers from the number tab.To change the choice or color of bullets, from the bullet tab,choose the customize button.In the Customize Bullet List dialog box that appears, choose the Font button to change the color.Choose the Bullet button to see other bullets.IntroductiontoMetacampusWhat is Metacampus?Definition: Metacampus is a user friendly and powerful online learning platform which can be accessed 24x7, 365 days surpassing all geographical barriers and time.Scope: Students can have a real-time access to the institution's information and experience personal e-learning environment.Prominent Features:View Assignments / Announcements / EventsView Online Resources made available to themView their Class Schedule / Time TableView their profileView their attendanceUse e-mail and other Google platform servicesInteract with their Tutor Guardian (TG) using Web interfaceHow to See Attendance?It is displayed on the right side of the dashboard subject wise.How to See Assignments?On the left side, there are various tabs namely, dashboards, assignments, eresources, etc. One can click on the assignments tab to see the assignments.How to see announcements?On the left side, there are various tabs namely, dashboards, assignments, announcements, e-resources, etc. One can click on the announcements tab to see the announcements made. Also on the dash boards, the announcements made recently appear.How to See Departmental Profile?Above the attendance, class wise faculty is shown.Click on the class tab to see the classes you are enrolled into.ToThe RegistrarIIS UniversityJaipur, RajasthanSubject: Seeking permission regarding organizing a guest lecture of Mr. N. R. Narayana MurthyRespected Maam,I would like to bring to your notice that I am a faculty of the CS & IT department of IIS University and we are planning to organizer a guest lecture of Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy, co-founder of Infosys Technologies Private Limited, for our students.Being a co-founder of such a renowned company, it would be a great opportunity to enlighten the students with his success story and with helpful inputs for brighter career. It took our sincere efforts and we got his appointment due to our student whose father works for Infosys and heads its Jaipur branch.Mr. N. R. Narayana Murthy will be here for an hour from 10am to 11am on April 1, 2015. I request you to allow us to hold this event foreseeing the benefit of students . Awaiting a positive response from your end.Thanking you,Yours faithfullyPappu PrasadFacultyDepartment of CS & ITIIS UniversitySheet1S.NO.EMPLOYEE NAMEBASIC SALARYDATAHRAPFTOTAL SALARYGRADE1Anjali Sharma90004950900135072015480I5Deepika Agarwal76504207.57651147.561213158II3Divya Sharma80504427.58051207.564413846II2Preeti Mathur75504152.57551132.560412986II4Sanjana Yadav68503767.56851027.554811782IISheet2Sheet3