Assigment From Sekine Sensei (Martiwi)

8/3/2019 Assigment From Sekine Sensei (Martiwi)

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Name : Martiwi Diah Setiawati

ID student Number : 11 8710 602 3

Lecturer : Prof.Masahiko Sekine

Small Pelagic FishOverfishing In The Java Sea

Indonesia as an archipelago state has a big potential of fisheries resources with high

biodiversity. One of fisheries resources is small pelagic fish like Decapterus spp,

Stelopohorus spp, Sardinella sardinella, Sardinella longiceps, Rastrelliger spp, Cypsillurus

spp, etc. Java Sea is known as crowded fishing operation in Indonesia. Mostly fisheries

resources at Java sea is small pelagic fish. In the recent years, the development of fishing

equipment both quantitatively and qualitatively may support big exploitation of small pelagic

fish.

Figure 1.Java Sea

The area of Java sea is about 400,000km2 with the small pelagic fish potential about

340000 ton/year but the small pelagic fish production is about 443000 ton/year. So the

utilization level is about 130%, by this fact Java sea was shown as crowded fishing operation.

(Fisheries Statistic in 1997). Fisheries resources as a renewable resources, but if the fishing

activities are not supervised, it will cause overfishing which can affect fisheries productivity.

The data below show the level of utilization based on the pelagic fish catches from 1990


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until 2003.

Figure 2. level of utilization based on the pelagic fish catches (Purnomo,2002 and

Yusron,2005).

Based on the graphic above the highest utilization was in 1998. Very high utilization

level of pelagic fish catches occur in 1992 until 1999 which the average level around

90.57%. From 2000-2003 the level of utilization of fish catches decrease year by year. Low

utilization level of fish catches in 1990 and 1991 was caused by the technology of fish

catching was so simple, only used rumpon (traditional tool to catch the fish) and petromax

light. After it, the technology to catch the fish developed. The fisherman mostly used mini

purseine and payang gear to catch small pelagic fish which mesh size around 0.5 inchi until

0.75 inchi. By using this technology, the fisherman can catch much more fishes than before.

But after in 2000 level of fishing decrease year by year. It because increasing the frequency

of ship trip to java sea which can cause overfishing.

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Figure 3. A. Purseine B. Payang C. Traditional rumpon

Based on Indonesia Ministerial Decree Of Agriculture No.123/KPTs/UM/1975 about

provisions of wide meshes purse seine to catch small pelagic fish was about 2.0 inches. But

the increasing intensive fishing activity with purseine cause the mesh size was created

smaller than the role. It impacts to the young small pelagic fish can be captured by the

fisherman. For that reason, the fish catch decrease year by year.

To maintain the sustainability of small pelagic fish, responsible fisheries principle

should be developed. Based on the Republic of Indonesia law No. 8 year 1985 there are

several thing should be done;

1. Regulate the fishing gear

2.Set of technical requirements fishery carried on board3. Regulate the amount of fish, fish species and sizes of fish that may be captured.

4. Set the path area and the season of fishing

5.Prevent pollution and destruction the marine environmentThe basic problem related to management fisheries resources which is weak supervision and

law enforcement. The other one that there is an assumption for fisherman that ocean is

A B

C


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common property and open access area which can be exploited with no limitation.

Indonesia government used Community based management for sustainability fish

resources. It means that management which leads to how fish resources currently available

for current needs and for future generations, which should meet the sustainable aspects of

ecology, socio-economics, the community and institutions. User, potential user, and

influenced institution should be involved based on stakeholder involvement to make some

decision like setting of goals, surveying resources, assessing resources use, reviewing

pre-plan alternative, reviewing of the draft plan, plan implementation, revision of an enacted

plan. Stakeholder involvement can be reached through participatory research approach. The

activity cover public consultation meeting, focus group discussion, arrangement interviewing

survey.

Table 1. Participatory approach activity to manage fisheries resources. (Malawa,2006)

No Type Methode/participant

1 Public consultation meeting 1. government and non government

2. Workshop meeting to discuss and captureinformation and ideas

3.one time during the study

2 focus group discussion (FGD)

and arrangement interviewing

survey. (AIS)

1. FGD The participant is vary, most of them is non

governmental.AIS the participant is vary both from

government and non government

2.FGD is an unofficial discussion group, AISsemi-structured interview which is closely related to

specific topics

3. FGD will be adapted based on the number of district.

The system was made as a proposal. I think the system is adaptive and involve the public

society, but practically the system unsustainable and stop in the middle of program.


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Reference

Mallawa, Achmar. 2006. Sustainable Management Of Fish Resources and Society Based.

Research Program Workshop of COREMAP II, Selayar District, Indonesia. 9-10 September

2006.

Purnomo, Hari. 2002. Analysis of Potency and Small Pelagic Fish Resources Problems at

North Sea of Central Java. Master student thesis of Diponegoro university. Semarang

Yusron, Muhammad. 2005. Analysis of Potency and Small Pelagic Fish Resources

Utilization at Samantaha island North Sea of Central Java. Master student thesis of

Diponegoro university. Semarang

Documents

Assigment From Sekine Sensei (Martiwi)