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Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 1
1
The International Code Council has been accredited as an Authorized Provider by the International Association for Continuing Education and Training (IACET).› As a result of their Authorized Provider accreditation status, ICC
is authorized to offer IACET CEUs for its programs that qualify under the ANSI/IACET Standard.
You will obtain .2 CEUs for this webinar
If you need assistance please contact us at 1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233), extension 33818
IMPORTANT NOTICE: This Adobe Connect service includes a feature that allows audio and any documents and other materials exchanged or viewed during the session to be recorded. By joining this session, you automatically consent to such recordings. If you do not consent to the recording, do not join the session.
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 2
4
The webinar is intended to introduce sinkholes to code professionals. The presentation begins with a global discussion of the types, causes and investigation of sinkholes found throughout the US. It will also focus on their impact on buildings, the various methods of remediation and permitting considerations.
William C. Bracken PE, SI, StS2, F. SEI, F. NAFE, F. ASCE
President & Principal Engineer of Bracken Engineering
Vice-Chair of the Florida Board of Professional Engineers
Senior Instructor for ICC (International Code Council)
Drew Glasbrenner, PG
Vice-President of Production, Bracken Engineering
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 3
During the Q&A session, please type your questions into the Q & A portion of Adobe Connect Box.
The facilitator\speaker will respond to your questions at the end of the webinar.
Type your questions into here.
Then hit enter or the send button.
8
Polling questions
Sinkholes:Investigations & Repairs
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 4
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
• Sinkholes
• Investigation (Geological)
• Repair (Geotechnical)
• Investigation (Structural)
• Repair (Structural)
Outline
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Sinkholes
There are two primary causes of Sinkholes;
• Geologic
• Manmade
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Causes of Sinkholes
Geologic Sinkholes
Occurring in carbonates (limestone
and dolomite), evaporites (gypsum,
halite), or volcanics (lava tubes).
Landform type referred to as “karst”
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 5
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geologic Sinkholes
Most occur over water-soluble rocks like limestone
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geologic Sinkholes
There are three primary types of Geologic Sinkholes; • Dissolution
• Cover-subsidence
• Cover-collapse
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geologic Sinkholes:Dissolution
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geologic Sinkholes:Cover‐subsidence
1
43
2
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geologic Sinkholes:Cover‐collapse
1
43
2
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geologic Sinkholes:Cover‐collapse
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Causes of Sinkholes
Manmade Sinkholes
Resulting from failed pipes, mines,
tunnels or other buried infrastructure
or constructs
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Manmade Sinkholes:Failed Pipes
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Manmade Sinkholes:Failed Pipes
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 8
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Manmade Sinkholes:Failed Pipes
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Manmade Sinkholes:Failed Tunnels
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Types of Sinkholes
Manmade Sinkholes
Other man-made and natural
phenomena may also be labeled as
“sinkhole”
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Manmade Sinkholes:Failed Retaining Wall
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
• Sinkholes
• Investigation (Geological)
• Repair (Geotechnical)
• Investigation (Structural)
• Repair (Structural)
Outline
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation
The three primary steps consist of; • Research
• Geophysical Survey
• Direct Investigation
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 10
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Research
Geologic Maps (Is this “karst” terrain?)
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Research
Topographic Maps
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Research
Historical Aerial Photography
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Research
Historical Aerial Photography
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Research
Historical Aerial Photography
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation
Geophysical Survey– Purpose of the geophysical survey
is to map the site in order to target the direct investigation phase
– Different methods are suited for different environments, best decided by a geologist or geophysicist
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Geophysical Survey
Ground Penetrating Radar
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Geophysical Survey
Resistivity
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Geophysical Survey
Seismic (Surface Wave)
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Geophysical Survey
Mapping Findings
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation
Identify Anomalies
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Investigation
Section 1803 Geotechnical Investigations
1803.1 General. Geotechnical investigations shall be conducted in accordance with Section 1803.2 and reported in accordance with Section 1803.6.
2009 IBC
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation
Direct Investigation
Groundtruth anomalies by direct
investigation, geophysics should not
be the sole investigative tool used
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation
Direct Investigation
Sample the soil and/or rock in the
area of concern and surrounding
area for density, soil and rock type,
and groundwater conditions
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Direct Investigation
Hand Auger Sampling
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Direct Investigation
Standard Penetration Test (SPT) boringsMaps
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation:Direct Investigation
Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) Soundings
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geological Investigation
Direct Investigation
Used to diagnose the cause of
damage, and in the design of the
repair
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
• Sinkholes
• Investigation (Geological)
• Repair (Geotechnical)
• Investigation (Structural)
• Repair (Structural)
Outline
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair
The Repair / Remediation is to be engineered and depends upon whether the issue is; • Open to the Surface
• At Depth
• Near Surface
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair
Open to the Surface
Typically occurs after some type of
covered collapse and can be filled
from above
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Backfill
Geotechnical Repair:Open to the Surface
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Flowable Fill
Geotechnical Repair:Open to the Surface
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair:Open to the Surface
Dry Portland / Aggregate Mix
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair
At Depth
A void has occurred well below the
surface and is raveling upward
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair
At Depth
Where cover soils exists, seal
surface of rock and densify overlying
soils with cement grout
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair:At Depth
Cement Grouting
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair
Near Surface
A void has occurred well below the
surface and is raveling upward
depressing
surface
soils
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Foundation Influence Zone
Geotechnical Repair:Near Surface
This is the zone of
soil beneath the
footing that
supports or settles
the structure
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair
Near Surface
At the near surface pressure
grouting is not often possible or
practical so chemical grout is used
in lieu of cement grout
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 20
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair:Near Surface
Chemical Grouting
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Please type your questions into the Q & A portion of Adobe Connect Box.
The facilitator\speaker will respond to your questions.
Questions and Answers
Type your questions into here.
Then hit enter or the send button.
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Building Departments issue construction permits based on
plans
not reports
Geotechnical Repair
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 21
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair
Section 1803 Geotechnical Investigations
1803.1 General. Where required by the building official or where geotechnical investigations involve in-situ testing, laboratory testing or engineering calculations, such investigations shall be conducted by a registered design professional.
2009 IBC
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair:Permitting
Grouting Plans
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair :Permitting
Grouting Plans
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes• Cover Sheet / Project Notes• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Dimensioned Deep Grout Plan
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Dimensioned Deep Grout Plan
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Geotechnical Repair :Permitting
Compliant Plans
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes• Cover Sheet / Project Notes• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Dimensioned Deep Grout Plan
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Dimensioned Deep Grout Plan
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
• Sinkholes
• Investigation (Geological)
• Repair (Geotechnical)
• Investigation (Structural)
• Repair (Structural)
Outline
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Investigation
Section 116 Unsafe Structures And Equipment
116.1 Conditions. Structures or existing equipment that are or hereafter become unsafe, insanitary or deficient because of inadequate means of egress facilities … or are otherwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare … shall be deemed an unsafe condition.
2009 IBC
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 23
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Investigation
Section 116 Unsafe Structures And Equipment
116.1 Conditions. Unsafe structures shall be taken down and removed or made safe, as the building official deems necessary and as provided for in this section.
2009 IBC
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Investigation
Evaluation techniques include; • Visual Assessment
• Crack Mapping
• Floor Survey
• Numeric Analysis
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Visual Assessment & Crack Mapping
Structural Investigation:Evaluation Techniques
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Floor Survey
Structural Investigation:Evaluation Techniques
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Investigation:Evaluation Techniques
Numeric Analysis
Conducted to determine if the
component (wall, column,
foundation, etc.) has the ability to
resist the loads and forces it was
originally designed to resist
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Investigation
The three primary items to evaluate include; • Exterior Damage
• Interior Damage
• Safety & Egress
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Investigation:Evaluation Techniques
Exterior Damage
Examine the primary loadbearing
systems and components
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Exterior Damage
Structural Investigation:Evaluation
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Exterior Damage
Structural Investigation:Evaluation
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Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 26
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Floor Survey
Structural Investigation:Evaluation
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Investigation:Evaluation
Interior Damage
Examine any interior loadbearing
systems and components
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Interior Damage
Structural Investigation:Evaluation
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 27
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Interior Damage
Structural Investigation:Evaluation
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Floor Survey
Structural Investigation:Evaluation
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Investigation:Evaluation
Safety & Egress
Identify any damages that create
threats to safety or prevent fire
egress
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
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Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Safety & Egress
Structural Investigation:Evaluation
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
• Sinkholes
• Investigation (Geological)
• Repair (Geotechnical)
• Investigation (Structural)
• Repair (Structural)
Outline
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Repairs
506.2 Repairs to damaged buildings
506.2.2.1 Evaluation. The building shall be evaluated by a registered design professional, and the evaluation findings shall be submitted to the code official. The evaluation shall establish whether the damaged building, if repaired to its predamaged state, would comply with the provisions of the IBC …
2009 IEBC
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 29
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Repair
Structural Repairs are to be engineered and include; • Underpinning
• Wall Reinforcement
• Partial Replacement
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Exterior Underpinning
Structural Repair:Underpinning
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Interior Underpinning
Structural Repair:Underpinning
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 30
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Wall Reinforcement
Structural Repair:Strengthening
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Partial Replacement
Structural Repair:Strengthening
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Building Departments issue construction permits based on
plans
not sketches
Structural Repair
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 31
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Repair
107.2.1 Information On Construction Documents
Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as determined by the building official.
2009 IBC
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Repair:Permitting
Underpinning Plans
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Structural Notes
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Structural Notes
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Repair:Permitting
Underpinning Plans
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Structural Notes
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Structural Notes
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Structural Notes
• Dimensioned Pin Layout
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Structural Notes
• Dimensioned Pin Layout
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 32
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Repair:Permitting
Underpinning Plans
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Structural Notes
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Structural Notes
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Structural Notes
• Dimensioned Pin Layout
• Cover Sheet / Project Notes
• Structural Notes
• Dimensioned Pin Layout
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Repair:Permitting
Plans Review Checklists
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Repair:Permitting
Compliant Plans (?)
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 33
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Repair:Permitting
Compliant Affidavit (?)
Sinkholes:
Investigatio
ns &
Rep
airs
Structural Repair:Permitting
Compliant Affidavit (?)
Summary
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 34
Please type your questions into the Q & A portion of the Adobe Connect Box.
The facilitator and/or the speaker will now respond to your questions.
101
To request a certificate please email:
William Bracken [email protected]
Drew [email protected]
(800) 971-7252
Sinkholes: Assessment & Repair International Code Council 2014
Bracken Engineering, Inc.Copyright 2014 35
103
Coming in October:
2015 Update Webinars based on the 2015 I-Codes
Check our LIVE SCHEDULE for more information
www.iccsafe.org/education
2015 IECC 2015 IPMC 2015 IEBC
104
To schedule a seminar, contact:
Training and Education
at
1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233) Ext. 33818
or
E-mail: [email protected]
Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws.
Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of
the speaker is prohibited.
© International Code Council 2014
Underpin Plan Review Checklist Per 2010 Florida Building Code
Requested by: Phone/ Fax #:
Block/Lot: Community:
Address: City:
Inspection Step Compliant Yes No
Comments Code
Reference
1.) General Plan Requirements: 1603
1.1) Structural Design 1603.1
1.1.1) Floor Live and Dead Load 1603.1.1
1.1.2) Roof Live and Dead Load 1603.1.2
1.1.3) Wind Design Data Indicated 1603.1.4
1.1.3.1) Basic Wind Speed (mph) 1603.1.4
1.1.3.2) Wind Importance Factor, Iw 1603.1.4
1.1.3.3) Wind Exposure 1603.1.4.3
1.1.3.4) Internal Pressure Coefficient 1603.1.4.4
1.1.3.5) Component and Cladding 1603.1.4.5
1.1.4) Construction Materials Strength and Properties Indicated 1604.1
1.1.5) Reinforced Concrete 1604.3.2
1.1.6) Structural Steel 1604.3.3
1.1.7) Concrete Masonry and/or Masonry (as applicable) 1604.3.4
1.1.8) Steel Pipe Pile Specifications 1810.3.2.3
1.1.9) Steel Reinforcement 1810.3.10.3
1.2) Name and Sealed Signature of the Responsible Person(s) for the Design Indicated
107.3.4
2.) Floor Plan Requirements
2.1) Exterior Underpin Locations with Dimensions Indicated 107.2.1
2.2) Interior Underpin Locations with Dimensions Indicated (if applicable) 107.2.1
2.3) Legend with Underpin Symbols Indicated 107.2.1
2.4) All Underpins Numbered 107.2.1
2.5) Any and All Other Structural Repairs and/or Modifications Indicated 107.2.1
2.6) Indicate Scope of Plans (Stabilitive, Restorative, Preventative) 101.2
Underpin Plan Review Checklist Per 2010 Florida Building Code
Inspection Step Compliant Yes No
Comments Code
Reference
3.) Plan & Specification Requirements
3.1) Underpin Service and Ultimate Loads by Pin Location Indicated 1810.4.3
3.2) Design Criteria for Underpins indicated 1803.5.5
3.2.1) Recommended Pier or Pile Types 1803.5.5.1
3.2.2) Recommended Center to Center Spacing 1803.5.5.2
3.2.3) Designation of Bearing Stratum 1803.5.5.8
4.) Detail and Wall Section Requirements
4.1) Details and Specifications of the Underpin System with its Method of Attachment to the Foundation
1810.3
4.2) Details and Specifications of Underpin System with appropriate call-outs 1810.3
4.3) Details and Specifications of Interior Brackets (if applicable) 1810.3
4.3) Repair Details for Slab Cracks and Slab Cores Indicated 107.3.5.8
4.4) Details for All Other Structural repairs and/or Modifications required. These are to include but are not limited to the following:
107.3.5.8
4.4.1) Wall Reinforcement (if applicable) 107.3.5.8
4.4.2) Wall Removal and Replacement (if applicable) 107.3.5.8
4.4.1) Slab Removal and Replacement (if applicable) 107.3.5.8
4.4.1) Supplemental Reinforcement (if applicable) 107.3.5.8
Notes:
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Reviewed By: Date:
Underpin Plan Review Checklist Per 2009 International Building Code
Requested by: Phone/ Fax #:
Block/Lot: Community:
Address: City:
Inspection Step Compliant Yes No
Comments Code
Reference
1.) General Plan Requirements: 1603
1.1) Structural Design 1603.1
1.1.1) Floor Live and Dead Load 1603.1.1
1.1.2) Roof Live and Dead Load 1603.1.2
1.1.3) Wind Design Data Indicated 1603.1.4
1.1.3.1) Basic Wind Speed (mph) 1603.1.4.1
1.1.3.2) Wind Importance Factor, Iw 1603.1.4.2
1.1.3.3) Wind Exposure 1603.1.4.3
1.1.3.4) Internal Pressure Coefficient 1603.1.4.4
1.1.3.5) Component and Cladding 1603.1.4.5
1.1.4) Construction Materials Strength and Properties Indicated 1604.1
1.1.5) Reinforced Concrete 1604.3.2
1.1.6) Structural Steel 1604.3.3
1.1.7) Concrete Masonry and/or Masonry (as applicable) 1604.3.4
1.1.8) Steel Pipe Pile Specifications 1810.3.2.3
1.1.9) Steel Reinforcement 1810.3.10.3
1.2) Name and Sealed Signature of the Responsible Person(s) for the Design Indicated
107.3.4
2.) Floor Plan Requirements
2.1) Exterior Underpin Locations with Dimensions Indicated 107.2.1
2.2) Interior Underpin Locations with Dimensions Indicated (if applicable) 107.2.1
2.3) Legend with Underpin Symbols Indicated 107.2.1
2.4) All Underpins Numbered 107.2.1
2.5) Any and All Other Structural Repairs and/or Modifications Indicated 107.2.1
2.6) Indicate Scope of Plans (Stabilitive, Restorative, Preventative) 101.2
Underpin Plan Review Checklist Per 2009 International Building Code
Inspection Step Compliant Yes No
Comments Code
Reference
3.) Plan & Specification Requirements
3.1) Underpin Service and Ultimate Loads by Pin Location Indicated 1810.4.3
3.2) Design Criteria for Underpins indicated 1803.5.5
3.2.1) Recommended Pier or Pile Types 1803.5.5.1
3.2.2) Recommended Center to Center Spacing 1803.5.5.2
3.2.3) Designation of Bearing Stratum 1803.5.5.8
4.) Detail and Wall Section Requirements
4.1) Details and Specifications of the Underpin System with its Method of Attachment to the Foundation
1810.3
4.2) Details and Specifications of Underpin System with appropriate call-outs 1810.3
4.3) Details and Specifications of Interior Brackets (if applicable) 1810.3
4.3) Repair Details for Slab Cracks and Slab Cores Indicated 107.2
4.4) Details for All Other Structural repairs and/or Modifications required. These are to include but are not limited to the following:
107.2
4.4.1) Wall Reinforcement (if applicable) 107.2
4.4.2) Wall Removal and Replacement (if applicable) 107.2
4.4.1) Slab Removal and Replacement (if applicable) 107.2
4.4.1) Supplemental Reinforcement (if applicable) 107.2
Notes:
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Reviewed By: Date: