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71/1975
THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ASL.'J~ STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF ASIAN CIVILIZATIONS
A~NUAL REPORT 1974
General Co111I11ents, Courses
"i'h~ Department of Asian Civilizations is responsible for teach'.tng the cuitural history of South~ South-East and East Asia from .pr~historic times to the present day. Within the broad political framework emphasis is laid on the cultural aspects of the subject uith a view to understanding the contemporary culture of the regions concerned. As far as resources permit, a knowledge of the language of the regions concerned is generally encouraged~ All :courses in the respective regions of Asian Civilizations are taught _at both Honours and Pass level. .- .
'11ie course on Islamic Civilization, arranged in conjunction with the Department of Indonesian Languages and Literatures, surveys the rise of Islam and its expansion to become a major world religion.
Enrolment and Examination Results
'A total of 398 students were enrolled in the Department, and again a considerable number of part-time tutors were employed to help .~ith tutorials in all sections , particularly in the first year courses. The Department wishes to express its sratitude to these tutors, .. without whose help the teaching of so many students uould have been impossible.
Teaching in all units has led to satisfactory results in the annual examinations, with three Fourth Year students obtaining their BA(AS) Honours.
Student Participation
· Departmental rneet.ings held during the year were well attended by the student representatives and their contribution to discussions of matters . r~ised . by students throughout the year was particularly helpful.
In Septenber, elections were held for three student representatives to attend Departmental meetings in 1975. Those elected were Hiss J.H. Gassnerp l!Iis~ . :r. Langley and Hr S.D. Auburn. Nr G.P. Mills t-Jas elected as the_. Departmen~ v s student representative to the Faculty Educat.ion Committeep and is also invited to attend· Departmental mee~ings~ The Department proposes to increase student
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membership on the committee during 1975 by appointing two representatives of the first year students. l1rs P.C. Gutoan continues to represent the postgraduate students at Departmental committee meetings, while Mr D.T. l1urphy was elected as the representative of the part-time tutors.
Work of Graduate Student&
This year, two of the Departmentvs thirteen Ph.D. scholars obtained their doc tor ates: t·1rs S, N. Parrat t and r!ir A. K. Farooque. Dr Parratt u~ll continue her work at the University of Nalawi, East Africa, an~ Dr Farooque· will continue at the Sturt College of· Advanced Education, Adelaide. The Department accepted one new· Ph.D; .. . · scholar, Hrs I~. Kapur~ \Wrkiog: under ·Professor Basham v s supervision. · j
·'.l'wo of the Department v s fourtc..;n ri. A. students, Ur A. ~C. . Ray and Ur, A. ,Tashakor.f, obtained their. degrees, . while i'1r.s Y. I'. Kim and· Mrs N. C. van Set ten van det: !Y.iel:!r hdvc 3ub.;iitted their. theses and are awaiting results. Four additional IJ.A. students were accepted during : the.year: N;J.ss J.A. Elliott, iir·:·I. S. Akhtar,.-·Hr U. Maung· Ua,ung,, ¥r A.:P •. Schonba~. . ....
. ;: · " .. -l
Staff
Professor and Head of Depart~ent:
;. ,-
Readers: .. ; ..
Senior Lecturers:
A.L. B~sha~, B.A., Ph.D., D.Litt.(Lond.) 1
Ro~.D.Litt r (Kuruk)
S.A.A. Rizvi, :!!I.A., Ph.D. p D.Litt. (Agra) E.R.E. Loofs, Chevalier des Palmes
AcRdc~ :iques, Dip. Or. Lan3. (Paris) , Dr. Phil. (Frib.)
J. ·f .F • .:i·0rrlen5, !,ic .en Philos., Ph.D. (Louvain) , Dip. Ed. (11elb.)
R.H.P. ilas1.11, i: I.A. (Cantab.L Ph.D. K.H.J. Gardinei~, B.A., Ph.D.(Lond.) J.G. Caiger, B.A. (Syd. and Lond.), Ph.D.
£'
'• :·
...
Lecturers: Ann L. ~umar, B.A.(Oriental Studies), Ph.D. B.-J. Tcrwiel, cand. ,drs Utrecht, Ph.D.
Senior Tutor: I.H. Proudfo · t~ TI.A. (Oriental Studies).
Visitors
. Throughout the year the De?artment w~s £ortunate in arranging a number of lectures by v.isitors t0 ·the University. - In April, George ~ichel from the School of Orientnl and ·African Studies, University of London, gave a lecture, illustrated with slides, on nThe Early Western Chalukyan Temple Architecture·~ .
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In l.1ay 7 Professor V. L. S . Prakasa R,ao 9 Commonwealth )Jniversitie's Inter-change Scheme· Visitor -t:o Australia. gave a lecture entit;led " Regional Disparities in Indiai) , ~ihi~e later i~ die mon'th Professor F.B.J. ~uiper, Visiting Professor in the Department of South Asian and Buddhis t Studies 9 lectured on 11 The Basic Concept of Vedic Religion:' .
Mr Patwant Singh 7 Advisor to the Department of Urban and Regional Affairs of the Government · of India , visited Canberra in June , and the Department invited him to lecture to staf°f and students. :-us lecture, ·illustrated with slides 9 was entitled 11 The Ninth Delhi (The City of Today and Tomorrou ) :i .
During July, the Department arran2ed four lectures by visiting scholars: Professor Rajni :<othari , Director of the Centre fo·r the Study of Developing Societies , Delhi , who toured Australia as the Dyason Lecturer for the Australian Institute of International Affai~s, gave a ·pubitc, lecture on Problems · of Indian Ii;t~ernal Politicsu; · .·: · Dr Sheikh Manzoor .Alam, Professor of Geography, University of Hyderabac, .. who 'was Visi'ting Professor at Hacquari,e University, gave a· .talk on '~Hyµerabad ·- A City of · Confluence and Conflict of Cultures''.;; Rev. Fr. f!illiam Dwyer gave a lecture on .iKabir and the :North indian Bhakti ~1ovement ; 1 ; and Professor William L. Thomas 9 the 1974 Fulbright Sent.or Scholar at the Centre for Asian Studies 9 Un;lverB:i,ty of .. Western Australia 9 gave a lecture enti-tled :1The Changi.ng · Plaza-Co7;Ilplex in Philipp'ine Towns1
' 9 illustrated wit h slides.
·· .. :·: · late in JUly the Departm~nt sponsored a le.cture-recital by the distinguished Indian sitarist and musicologis.t ? . Debu Chaudhuri, on " The Theory and Practice of Indian Music (with special reference to the sitarr· . This lecture-recital was eJctremely well attended by staff 9 · students and t he . general public~
..: · Professor J3h. Krishnamurti 9. Head of . the Department of Linguistics at Osmania University, i!yderabad , Visiting Asian Fellow at the University, gave a lecture· on ' ' Indian Languages - Problems and Planniil8'' in September, while i~ October Rev . Professor ~uni.am Johnston 9 Professor of Comparati ve Religion at Sophia University, Tol~yo, lectured on ;· zen Bu,ddh ist Ee ditation"'' •
. ,_ :•
At the end of the year the Department arranged :a lecturerecital - ')The Art of the Sarod;; · - by Raje~v Taranath , whose tour of' Australia l'1as sponsored by the Indian Academy of Hus ic, Sydney, and who visited Canberra as part of his Australian tour. This lecture-recital was well received by a large audience of staff , students and the general public.
The Department is again grateful to Associat·e Professor O. B. van der Sprenkel, a former member of staff , for his assistance with the East Asian Civilization.- courses· dur.ins t he year.
From September the Department has given academic hospitality to Professor T . I1 . · Silcock, formerly of the Department · of Economics, Research School of Pacific' Studies, Institute of Advanced Studies, t-7ho has collaborated in the general activities of the Department and
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placed his deep .knowledge of Tha~ language and culture at the disposal of staff and students alike.
Staff Hovement
The Department was sorry to lose Dr Julia Ching~ who left in' Viay to take up an. appointment at Columbia University, New York. It is .e:cp~ct.ed . that the vacancy will be filled early in the new
.year by Dr I.R. Burns of Oxford.
Research
Professor Basham has been busy with the proofs of the lar3e Cultural history of India, which is due to appear in April 1975, published by the Clarendon Press, Oxford . rte has also produced a lengthy article on Indian Languages and Literatures for ·an Italian encyclopaedia, and, an article entitled The Separate Kalinga Edicts of Asoka for a - seminar to .be held in India •
.. The first of the three volumes of Dr Rizvi's history of Muslim
Social and Religious Movements .in India~ supportec.! by an ARGC Grant, is nearing cqmpletion · and will be ready for publicat~on early in 1975. Dr Rizvi also completed a conprehensive history o~ Sufism, th.e first volume of which, relating to the history of Sufism in' Indi.a from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries r will be published by' a well known Delhi publisher. ··
Dr Loofs continued his analysis of finds from the Khok Charoen anc! U-Thong sit!es in Thailand·, excavated during the third , fourth'. ' and fifth se~sons of the Thai-British Archaeological Expedition, with a vieH to their publication as the final report of t his Expedition. lie was greatly helped by t he Thermoluminescence Dating Laboratory, Department of Physics, SG~ , w~ich prov.i ded t he :: dates f or several pottery items and associated artifacts.
Early in the year, Dr Loofs finalized the editing of the manuscript The Diffusion of Material Culture (being the Proceedings of Seminar E of the · 28 International Con3ress of Orientalists), which he then 1
/ ·
passed on to the General Editor of the Congress Proceedings • . Towarc;ls the end of the year, he pt;epared a paper o~ ·'Tektites in Thai Pre... ' history" to be read at the 46 f\rJZAAS Congress being held ·in January 1975.
Dr Jordens ' study of Dayananda Saraswat! has advanced and t wothirds of his first draft has been finished. Some of his findings were presented · in a s·eminar to the South Asian is ts at the 1~rn , entitled :.Jain influenc'e on t ayananda in his youth" .
Dr Mason is preparing an article on debates on £oreign affairs in the first ifeiji Diet, and throughout the year has continued his research on the medieval Japanese poet, Saigyo Roshi .•
71/1975
.. : ··5 ... ,.
Dr Gardiner has translated more early Korean legend-a for . a._. second children v s book entitled 11ore Tales from Koguryo, ·tv-hich; is· , now in the hands of Thomas Nelson (Australia) Ltd. for publication.
Dr Kumar contributed a chapter to the fir.st all-Australian joint history of Indonesia» which brought together researchers · from
· s·ydney » ·canberra ·and Eelbourne, and which will be publiBhed in 1975 by the Queensland University Press as part of its pioneering Asian Studies· programme. She also translated a short story for an anthology ·of Indonesian writ·ing in translat:i:on being .edited by Dr R. ' Brissenden. Dr :~umat ; continued her ·research on Javanese ·reactions to colonialism in· the nineteenth century~ and in particular the abortive rebellion of Pangeran Suryengalaga of Yo3yakar_ta in 1877..
During the year Dr Terwiel has been revising his Ph •. D. thesis, Religion in Rural Thailand, for publication.
Staff Activities
Professor Basham was ,invited ~o the University .. of Sydney in :iJay where he gave a lecture and a seminar. ae again visiteci ·Sydney in
' September to attend a conference sponsored by the South Asian .Studies Association entitled ·1south .Asia Today : An Austra,lian Perspective· 1
•
At this conference he chaired a symposium on "Indian Politics: Past and Present ., . ·
Throughout the year Professor Basham has ex~ined . a number of ·postgraduate theses for various Indian universities.
Dr· Rizvi attended the:New Zealand International Conference of Orientalists held in Auc~land in July. · At this conference he presented ·a paper on tiuslim Rational is~ in seventeenth century India1
:.
During the·· year Dr Rizvi gav~f·. private tuition in Urdu to two . officers ·of the Department of. Foreign Affairs who had · bee;n posted to Pakistan, and in Persian to another officer be.ins poste4 .to Tehran.
In April ·, Dr Loofs was ad:nitted as :1membre acti£·1 to the Societe : des · f tudes Indochinoises (Saigon) , and in• i".ay he was made by the French
Government a Chevalier dano l'Ordre des Palmes Academiques. He has also become a life member of the Siat~ Society and of the Burma Research Society. ·; .
Througho.ut the year Dr Loofs gave a course at the Centre for Continuing Education, entitled :Introduction to the Civilizations of South-East li.sia;• » and in April and September he gave lectures at the Joint Services Staff College on the history of South-:ast Asia.
Dr Jordens visited ~elbourne University as a Visiting Scholar from 24 to 28 J~~e where he gave a seminar to postsraduate students on "The Xathiawari bac.l..:ground of Gandhi and Dayananda·= , a lecture to students of second and third year courses on ;.The Shakuntala and the Tempest·' » and a public lecture entitled ivThe Golden Age of
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Hinduiam-in- -t:he 11lind· of ninetaanth. century reformers:' . Hhile in Melbourne, Dr Jordens also visited La Trobe University where he gave a lecture on · ·1Ritual and Authority in living 1Iinduism:1 to an interdisciplinary seminar of Religious Studies.
Dr Mason took study leave fro~ June to November which he spent at Cambridge, England, where he continued his research projects.
Dr Caiger has been involved this year in a variety of activities to promote better teaching about Asia in secondary schools: co-editing the proceedings of a January conference at the At~U, now published by the Interim A.C.T. Schools Authority under the title 11Teachin3 About China:: (82 pages); helping to run a Faculty sponsored workshop :'Framework for Teachine shout South Asia=· over three days in August ~ and preparing with his father the manuscript for a resource book, :'Japan : Beyond the Headlines·; , now in the hands of Cassell Australia for publication in the new year. Dr Caiger is local president of the Asia Teachers' Association.
In March, Dr Gardiner visited the University of Melbourne where he gave two lectures on the Han dynasties. Dr Gardiner went on s~~dy leave in August, spending four months in Toronto, attached to the University of Toronto and York University, Toronto. At the former he gave a seminar and four lectures on early Korea, and at the latt~r he
· gave lectures on China's Inner Asian Frontiers, on the break-up _of the First Chinese Empire, and on Weo-Taoisti. ·
.'
Several members of the Department participated in a series of special lectures organized by the Goulburn Teachers' College in i'1ay. Professor Basham gave a lecture on aHinduism'1
, Dr Terwiel on ll Juddhism", Dr Ching on 11Religion in China ; , and Dr Caieer on =· Religion in Japan=1
•
Professor Basham, Dr Rizvi and Dr Loofs attended the Academy of the Humanities Conference held in iielbourne in Hay. Professor Basham chaired one of the meetings, Dr Rizvi presented a paper entitled "Early biographers of Mohammed:1
, and Dr Loofs read a paper on 11 Biographies in Stone : the significance of changing perceptions of the Buddha image in Mainland South-East Asia for the understanding of the individual's place in some Buddhist societiesi' .
Again this year meI!lbers of the Department participated in the Faculty's progranime of talks to primary and secondary schools in the A.C.T.
During the year Mr Proudfoot organized screenings of films on various aspects of the cultures and societies of Asia. These were felt to be of great benefit to t he students and were quite well attended. · ' ·
Publications
Basham, A.L. 'History of Hinduism', Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edn., 1974, pp.908-920.
\ ~~~~~~~~~~
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7
Basham. ~L • .. (ed.) The Ci-.riliza~ions of r:onsoon Asia, Angus anci . · .' ·Robertson~ Sydney, ~974, 324 pp., maps and
;::·' • ' illusttations ~ 'lntroduction', pp.1-11.
1 Ching, Julia
Gardiner, K.H.J.
Kumar, Ann L.
Loof s, H.H.E.
· Hason, R.H. P.
. . . \
'All in One : the Culmination of the Thought of Wang.Yang-ming 1
, in Oriens Extremus, Vol.20, lfo. 2 · (December 1973), · pp.137-159.
I Sonie rfotes on tpe "-~fang Yang-ming Controversy·''. in Journal bf the Orientar Society of Australia, Vol.9~ Nos. · l and -2, · 1972;...3 . (f'ubl.1974), pp.14-20.
'The Confucian Way {Tao) an<l its Transmission (Tao-t'ung)', in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol.YJL"';:V, No.3, July-Sept. 1974, pp.371-338.
'The Goose Lake l1onastery Debate (1175)', in Journal of Chinese Philosophy, Vol. I, :No. 2, 1"1arch 1974, pp.161-178.
The Archer and his Son (an En.Jlish translation of a. ~orean legend - for children), Nelson, Melbourne, 19}4, ~ith illustrations. )~
'ichln:{~nd Kcreav, in A.L. Basham (ed.), The Civilizations of i'1onsoon Asia, An3us and Robertson, Sydney, 1974, pp.179-230.
'Indonesia and Nalaysia' , in A.L. Basham (ed.L The Civilizations of Honsoon Asia, Angus and Robertson 9 Sydney, 1974, pp.135-178.
' i:fainland South-East Asia', in A. L. Basha;n (ed.), The Civilizations of Nonsoon Asia, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1974, pp.69-134.
'Observationn on a little known healin3 ceremony among the Ifugao, J.forthern Luzon', in Fu Jen Studies (Taipei), Commemorative Issue in Honor of Rudolf Rahmann 9 SVD, 1973 (publ. 1974), pp.61-67, 4 pls.
'Thermoluminescence Dates from Thailand : Comments', in Antiquitx, Vol.XLVIII, ·ao.189, ~-18.rch 1974 , pp.58-62.
'Vanishing I:iegalithic Eleo.ents on the Batanes and Babuyanes?' in Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent Anthropolo~ical and Ethnological Research, No.15. 1973 (publ. 1974), pp.51-55.
Review article of YCL"!lagata Aritomo in the Rise of :Modern Japan, 1838-1922 by Roger F. 1:ackett, in 1-Iodern Asian Studies, Vol. 3, pt.2, April 1974, pp. 277-283.
RiZTt. s.a.A.
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'Al~Biruni : A Study of Contacts and Conflicts Between Ideas', The University of Newcastle Historical Journal, Vol.2, No.3, February 1974, pp.5-18.
'Amir Xhusrau - Poet, Courtier and Sufi', in Indian and Foreign Review, 1 November 1974, pp.15-17.
'South Asia' in A.L. Basham (ed.), The Civilizations of Monsoon Asia, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1974, pp.13-68.
1 Fot'l!ler .member of .staff. •
A.L. Ba19ham Professor and Head of the
Department of Asian Civilizations
1 Unit or Subject
Int.Asian Civs A
lnt.Asian Civs B
Asian Civ. IIS
Asian Civ.IlS (R)
Asian Civ.IIIS
As fan Civ. IISE
Asian Civ.IISE (HO)
Asian Civ.IISE (H)
AHia Civ. III!:iE
Asian Civ.IIISE (H)
. sian Clv. IIE
Asial.1 Gi • TIE (HO)
Asian C:!.v. IIE (ll)
2 Enrolled as at 30.4.74 No. %
199 (100)
13 (100)
15 (100)
l (100)
10 (100)
45 (100)
2 (100)
5 (JOO)
26 (100)
6 (100)
34 OOO)
l (100)
s ooo, A~ian Civ.1IIE 18 (100)
Asian Civ.iIIE (HO) 2 (100,
Islamic C:iv. 11 (100)
1 Iacludes one NDNE stu1ent;
THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAJJ UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ASIAN CIVILIZATIONS - ANALYSIS OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE
Percentage of Number Enrolled Percentage of Number Sitting
3 Sitting
No. %
176 (88)
8 (62)
14 (93)
l (100)
0 ( 100)
39 (87)
21 (100)
2 (l+O)
24 (92)
5 3 (89)
3l~ (100)
4 5 Wastage Failure
No. % No. 23 (12) 15 ( 7)
5 (38) 1 ( 9)
1 ( 7)
- I 6
l
(13)
(60
( 8)
s (11) I I
i
- I 2 ( B)
2 ( 6)
I I l i
6 Sitting
No. %
176 (100)
8 (JOO)
14 (100)
l (100)
10 (lOO)
39 (100)
l (100)
2 (100)
24 (100)
4 (100)
345 (100)
J (100)
7 High Dist.
No. %
2 ( 1)
1. (25)
8 Dist.
No. %
12 ( 7)
4 (29)
l
(2
2 ( S)
2 ( 8)
3 (75)
2 ( 6)
3
9 Credit
No. %
64 (36)
5 (60)
7 (50)
2 (20)
15 (38)
l
J.
6 (25)
17 (51)
10 Pass
No. %
83 (L17)
2 (30)
3 (21)
6 (60)
14 (36)
1
14 '58)
12 (36)
4
71/1975 .
11 Fail
9.
No. %
15 ( 9)
1 (10)
8 (20)
2 , 8)
2 ( 6)
3 (60)
18 (100) 187 (100) I ( 6) 1 ( 6) 5 (29) 10 (59)
l (50) 1 (50) 1 (100) 1
10 (91) 1 ( 9) 10 (100) 1 (10) 2 (2[') 7 (70) -------·------·
2. • t> transferred to Pass Course; 3 Includes one 1 DNE student; I;
.., On.e 'ieferred examination;
Enrolled
fi Two tnmsf ,rred o Pas5 Course;
Resul ·~
7 On.e def e:creL: .xamination
Fi nF_ J. :Ko1wurs 5
Sittii.:!_&,
3· 2 First c.l«ss honours; 1 51:!con · C 1.3.oS Hr,;r:10urs A 1: One deferred e«_uuination; 011c- part-tiuu:: st:u 'e'1'" ~
result t be f i~a.l 4 Z'.!(1 L- lq76.
