Upload
harper-melendez
View
32
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
ASL III. What’s the difference between…. Language and Communication? ASL and Gesture? ASL and SEE. Communication doesn’t need language to communicate. Language NEEDS communication in order to communicate. Communication – can be by drawing, gesture, flag, etc. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
ASL III
What’s the difference between…
Language and Communication?
ASL and Gesture?ASL and SEE
Communication doesn’t need language to communicate.
Language NEEDS communication in order to communicate.
Communication – can be by drawing, gesture, flag, etc.
Language – has symbols to govern the language for communication purpose.
ASL is a TRUE language.
Gesture is not a language.
SEE – is not a language. It’s a method to teach deaf children English.
ASL – native language used
by deaf people.
American Sign Language (ASL)
Signing in English Word Order
- Pidgin Sign English (PSE)- Contact Language
Sign Language Continuum
Assumptions of modern languages(OSU, 1991)
Writing does not exist everywhere that spoken/signed language exists.
There are many communities in the world where a written form of language is not used, even in those cultures using a writing system there are individuals who fail to learn the written form of their language. (illiterate)
Writing must be taught, whereas spoken/signed language is acquired automatically.
Language
&
Culture
Historical language changes
English: far out, groovy,
awesome, cool, sweet, gay
dumb
ASL: COW, HORSE, DONKEY, DEAF, SISTER/BROTHER, COMPUTER,
WIFE/HUSBAND, MICROWAVE,
HOME (EAT&SLEEP)
_______________t _____________qASL ITSELF TRUE LANGUAGE(wg)?
ASL is not a written language, nor is there a word-for-sign correlation between ASL and English. For these reasons, this class/textbooks uses glosses to identify the meaning of signs and signed sentences.
These glosses are not intended to be the only appropriate English translation, nor are they exact interpretations of signs. The glosses included in this class/textbooks are cues primarily for instructor to use in linking meaning with the sign or signed discourse.
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics
Linguistic Components
Semantics
Pragmatic
Syntax
Morphology
Phonology
Linguistic Components
SemanticsPragmatic
Syntax
Morphology
Phonology
semantics
The meanings of words and how they combine into sentence meanings.
The study of MEANING. (Longman, 1992)
Word or Sign may have
one meaning
or
multiple meanings.
semantics
EndsTwenty-year friendship ends at altar.The show ends tomorrow.The road ends in a cul-de-sac.
Run Pat ran home. (go fast by foot)The water is running. (liquid flow)There’s a run in your hose. (tear in stocking)Chris wants to run for president. (compete)
Examples from Buckley (2004)
semantics
PoolI put five dollars in the pool. I threw a stone into the pool.
BankRidge/side of the riverFinancial institution
Examples from Buckley (2004)
Semantics: more examples
Cast- process for selecting a cast of actors.
- to put a cast or a splint on the arm to keep the bones from moving.
- to cast your fishing rod.
Semantics: more examples
File
Arm
Can
Mean
Train
There is more than one correct sign or group of signs that can be used to express the meaning of an English word or words.
A concept expressed in an ASL sign often cannot be conveyed by a single all-purpose English word. Likewise, English words and phrases may have variations in meaning, which require translations using different ASL signs.
semantic examples
Play (playing cards, act/show)Shot (tired, drink, sent, went over)Bark ( Yell, tree, dog)
Semantic examples
Bar (place to drink, metal rod)Jump (jumping jacks, jumping from
something)Watch (watching someone, wrist watch)Space (outer space, extra space, spaced
out) Stamp (post stamp, stamp on hand)
semantic examples
Board (at the front of a room, piece of wood, get on -plane)
Bound (have your mind stuck)Bound (can’t get out of something)Star (someone famous)Star (something in the sky)
Semantic examples
That’s coolBe CoolCool it offDrive my carYou drive me crazyDrive byI need a breakBreak a legGive us a break
Semantics: With your group, come up with different ways to use the following words:
- Bill
- Fall
- Cheer
- Lie
- Duck
- Fly
- Cold
-Sink
-Hand
-Hard
-Ship
-Bat
-Model
-Book
-Squash
-Lift
-Crash
-Game
-Tape
Also…. Different sentences mean the same thing.
For example:
1) John is an unmarried male.
John is a bachelor.
2) The car bumped the truck.
The truck was bumped by the car.
3) What do you do?
What do you do for living?
4) How are you?
How have you been?
Howdy?
Whassup?
Remember….
ASL ≠ English
Semantics….
The study of ________________
MEANING.
Linguistic Components
Semantics
PragmaticSyntax
Morphology
Phonology
pragmatic
How the interpretation and use of utterances depends on knowledge of the real world. (Longman, 1992)
The effect of situation on language use. (Buckley, 2004)
Meaning and context (OSU, 1991)
pragmatic
These sentences can all express the same request, but often indirectly. (Buckley, 2004)
Please shut the windowI wonder if we should shut the window.It’s cold in here.Do you feel a draft?
“Ask the man upstairs.”
Pragmatic: more examples
Does it look like rain?It’s going to rain.Did you feel water drops?
What are you doing tonight?Got any plans tonight?Anything fun going on?Can I go with you?
pragmatics
I need something to eat.I want to eat.I can eat a horse.
pragmatics
“Have you got any cash on you?”
where the speaker really wants the listener to understand the meaning:
“Can you lend me some money? I don't have much on me.”
Pragmatics
She dribbled the ball down the court and shot a basket.
The birds and the bees.Keep Austin Weird
pragmatic examples
Do you want go out to eat dinner with me?Would you like to see a movie?
It is too long of a trip to go up the stairs. I get tired every time I walk up there. Could the door be any further away?
Pragmatics
There’s a bear behind you!There’s a bear behind you.Run!Did you know there’s a bear behind you?What’s that bear doing in here?
Pragmatics & Semantics
Semantics focuses on the meaning depending on the context (pragmatics)…
Linguistic Components
Semantics
Pragmatic
SyntaxMorphology
Phonology
Syntax
How words are organized into sentences.
The study of how words combine to form a sentence and the rules which govern the formation of sentences. (Longman, 1992)
SyntaxEnglish basic word order is
Subject+Verb+Object (“SVO”).
Kim ate oranges.
ASL basic word order is
Subject/Object+Verb (“SOV” or ”OSV”)
ORANGE KIM EAT-FINISH
KIM ORANGE SHE EAT-FINISH
**Basic** ASL Grammar Order
1) TIME Reference (not duration or tense)2) TOPIC
a) Direct Objecti) assign reference point, if necessaryii) adjectives for direct object
b) Subjecti) assign reference point, if necessaryii) adjectives for subject
3) COMMENTa) Reference point for Object and Subjectb) Verbs
i) Adverbs are implied in nonmanual signals
i) Verb aspectsiii) Helping/conditional verbs come
after the main “action” verb.4) WH-Q
YES/NO-Q Negation/Assertion
Tense (If Time Reference not included. It would be redundant.)Source: Amanda Noark Revised by Lisa Gelineau
Syntax
Example:English – I have to buy the book. S O conditional verb main verb
(CV) (MV)
ASL - BOOK ME BUY HAVE-TO[AF-FO] O S MV CV
SyntaxMore examples:
I went to a grocery store yesterday.
Did he buy the toaster?
She will buy a car.
Linguistic Components
Semantics
Pragmatic
Syntax
MorphologyPhonology
Morphology
- the study of smallest meaningful unit in a language.
- how new words are created from smaller pieces. (Buckley, 2004)
Morphology
Basic Concept Numeral Incorporation Verb-Noun pairsCompoundsTemporal AspectReduplicationSubject-Object AgreementMorphemesClassifiersAnd many more…
Morphology: Basic Concept
- everyday vocabulary
HOUSE, BOAT, SHOES, CANDY, BOOK, CHAIR, BOY
Morphology: Numeral Incorporation
– signs with numbers in it
4-MINUTES, 2-WEEKS, 4-MONTHS,
2-YEARS, THREE-O’CLOCK
Morphology: Noun-Verb Pairs
Noun VerbEnglish: cónvict convíct
ségment segméntprótest protést
ASL: AIRPLANE FLY-TOCHAIR SITBOOK OPEN-BOOKCLOTHES PUT-ON-
CLOTHESNEWSPAPER PRINT
Morphology: Noun-Verb Pairs
Differences:
English: 1) placement of stress2) stress influences vowel
ASL:1) frequency (single or repeated)2) directionality 3) manner (continuous or hold)
Morphology: Compounds
English: HatrackBlackboardHomeworkGreenhouse
ASL:RED^HAIRTRUE^WORKFACE^STRONGFEEL^LIKE
Morphology: CompoundsTwo signs joined to become a new sign.
The movement of each sign is reduced to one time each.Ex: SLEEP + CLOTHES
1x 1x EAT + MORNING 1x 0x
Some signs have historical changes.Ex: BIRD = BEAK + WINGS
Now = BEAK
SPRING = SUMMER + GROW Now = GROW++
Some signs have fluidity principle: formerly two different handshapes, now two similar handshapes.
Ex: HUSBAND SISTER
English ASL (GLOSS)
Breakfast EAT+MORNING Grocery FOOD+BUYAccidentally, by chance, fate WRONG+HAPPENGold EARRING+YELLOWBuy MONEY+GIVE-TOJust as if, it’s like, for example THINK+SAME-ASClosely resemble, bears a strong resemblance to FACE+STRONGLook like, resemble FACE+SAME-ASMoney in reserve MONEY+BEHINDTo talk about, mention TALK+NAMEParents MOTHER+FATHERSiblings SISTER+BROTHER
Morphology: Compounds
Morphology: Morpheme
1) UnladylikeThe word unladylike consists of three
morphemes.Morpheme breaks:
a) un- 'not'b) lady '(well behaved) female adult
human'c) like 'having the characteristics of‘
None of these morphemes can be broken up any more without losing all sense of meaning. Lady cannot be broken up into "la" and "dy," even though "la" and "dy" are separate syllables. Note that each syllable has no meaning on its own.
Morphemes: More Examples in English
2) Dogs
The word dogs consists of two morphemes.
Morpheme breaks:
a) dog, and
b) -s, a plural marker on nouns
Morphemes: More Examples in English
3) Technique
The word technique consists of only one morpheme.
Even though the word has two syllables, it is a single morpheme because it cannot be broken down into smaller meaningful parts.
(Buckley, 2004)
Morphemes: Examples in ASL
1) 600 (six hundred)
The sign 600 consists of two morphemes.
Morpheme breaks:
a) 6 – 'a number'
b) CL: C - 'hundred‘ (handshape classifier)
Morphemes: More Examples in ASL
2) PUDDLE
The sign PUDDLE consists of two morphemes.
Morpheme breaks:
a) WATER
b) CL: bend-L bend-L
Morphemes: More Examples in ASL
3) BASEBALL
The sign BASEBALL consists of
only one morpheme.
Linguistic Components
Semantics
Pragmatic
Syntax
Morphology
Phonology
Phonology
The study of the smallest sounds or units in a language.
The use and patterning of sounds/signs in language. (Buckley, 2004)
distinctive sound/sign units of a language (Longman, 1992)
Spoken Language – 3 parameters
1) Place of articulation (where)
2) Manner of articulation (how)
3) VOICING ( + OR -)
a) Voiceless: s, f, p, k
b) Voiced: z, v, b, g
Phonology
Phonology
English examples:
pat pad
dog dogs
cónvict (n) convíct (v)
Phonology
Sign Language – 5 parameters
1) Handshape
2) Location
3) Movement
4) Palm Orientation
5) Non-manual Signals
ASL examples:
SOUR BORING
PRINT NEWSPAPER
APPLE ONION
DEFINE DELAY
HOME YESTERDAY
MAYBE BALANCE
WHY? BECAUSE
PRETTY GORGEOUS
Phonology
Location
Movement
Movement
Location
Handshape
Palm Orientation
Non-Manual Signals
Non-Manual Signals
Sources Structure of ASL lecture notes - Byron Bridges
University of Pennsylvania, Introduction to Linguistics lecture notes online - Gene Buckley
B. Bridges & M. Metzger.(1996) Deaf Tend Your. Silver Spring, MD: Calliope Press.
B. Bridges & K. Cagle. The Fifth Parameter: Non-Manual Signals. (videotape/DVD - soon to be released)
C. Lucas & C. Valli. (1995, 2nd ed.) Linguistics of American Sign Language: An Introduction. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press.
SLNG 1445 course lecture notes at Austin Community College by Byron Bridges, Nathie Marbury, and Lisa Gelineau.
OSU (1991) Language Files, 5th edition. Dept of linguistic at Ohio State University.
www.wikipedia.com
www.dictionary.com
Read/Convey Multiple Meaning Signs Understand ASL Concepts Word Choice: Ability to Convey
Conceptual Signs Sign Vocabulary: Accuracy, Clarity Develop Sense of Whole Message