asignment aimanaaaaa

8/13/2019 asignment aimanaaaaa

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Public perception of index crime now top priority

By Amin Iskandar

Assistant News Editor

October 02, 2012

KUALA LUMPU, Oct 2 ! P"b#ic $erce$tion wi## be t%e &o'ernment(s new $riority in its

on&oin& batt#e to red"ce t%e contro'ersy o'er Ma#aysia(s crime rate, )at"k *eri

+is%amm"ddin +"ssein said today

-%e %ome minister said t%e &o'ernment was switc%in& its .oc"s to mana&in& $"b#ic

$erce$tion in t%e second $%ase o. its Nationa# Key es"#t Area /NKA to #ower &rowin&

concern

-%e iss"e now is not t%e inde -%at we are 3"ite con.ident

-%e iss"e is not .rom t%e

$oint o. tar&etin& street crime

b"t t%e &oa# $ost %as c%an&ed

accordin& to c"rrent demands

-%is wi## a## be disc"ssed and

anno"nced in t%e second $%ase

o. o"r NKA,4

+is%amm"ddin(picture) to#d

a news con.erence a.ter c#osin&

a s$ecia# meetin& wit% t%e menin b#"e at t%e oya# Ma#aysian

Po#ice 5o##e&e %ere

+e said t%at des$ite t%e dro$ in

t%e crime rate, t%ere were sti##

sections o. t%e $"b#ic w%o .e#t

"nsa.e

+e said t%e new a$$roac% was to mana&e t%e $erce$tion amon& residents, addin& t%at t%e

&o'ernment %ad &i'en ta incenti'es and one6o.. &rants to s%o$$in& centre owners as $art o.

its new .oc"s

+e said t%e &o'ernment(s $ro$osa# to increase t%e +ome Ministry(s a##ocation by 77 $er cent

and to t%e crime red"ction NKA by 899 $er cent in B"d&et 201: re.#ected its commitment

+is%amm"ddin said t%e &o'ernment %ad a#so inc#"ded a $ro$osa# to increase its $o#ice o..icer

intake in t%e B"d&et

+e said t%e time t%e #ast s"c% increase was mentioned as a $riority was a.ter t%e May 1:,

1;8; racia# riots


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In Ma#aysia, t%e $o#ice di'ide crime into two cate&ories, inde and non6inde ! t%e .ormer

de.ined as crime t%at is re$orted wit% s"..icient re&"#arity and si&ni.icance to be a meanin&."#

indicator o. t%e crime sit"ation w%i#e t%e #atter is re&arded as minor in nat"re

-%e &o'ernment %as %ad to de.end itse#. .rom $"b#ic criticism a.ter a s$ate o. crime incidents

t%at seemed to contradict t%e ima&e $ainted by its crime statistics

-%e $o#ice and +ome Ministry contin"e to stand by P"tra


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Crime fears go viral in Malaysia

?eat"res

2012609610 1:@:0

A sec"rity &"ard $atro##in& at a $edestrian wa#kway brid&e in K"a#a L"m$"r P%oto co"rtesy@ A?P

1 o. :

by >"#ia a$$ei

KUALA LUMPU, A"& 10, 2012 /A?P 6 -%e .ear o. crime is soarin& in Ma#aysia as

$ersona# ta#es o. abd"ction, assa"#t and robbery &o 'ira# on#ine, "$$in& $ress"re on

a"t%orities to res$ond and tri&&erin& scr"tiny o. o..icia# c#aims t%at o..ences are down

*%o$$in& ma##s and residents &ro"$s %a'e #a"nc%ed $atro#s, sa#es o. sec"rity e3"i$ment are

s"r&in&, news$a$ers o..er ti$s on %ow to a'oid becomin& a 'ictim and socia# media are ab"CC

wit% an&"is% o'er t%e sit"ation

esidents o. t%e m"#ti6et%nic M"s#im6ma


4/114

A day a.ter two men tried to abd"ct 5%in Din65i at kni.e$oint in %er car at an "$sca#e K"a#a

L"m$"r ma## in May, s%e wrote abo"t t%e ordea# on t%e socia# networkin& site, a $ost t%at was

s%ared more t%an 1,000 times

?earin& ra$e, s%e esca$ed by


5/114

G%ate'er t%e ca"ses, ?acebook "sers are tradin& stories o. women assa"#ted in ma## car$arks,

and kni.e6wie#din& robbers tyin& "$ .ami#ies

In A$ri#, a 126year6o#d )"tc% boy was kidna$$ed in broad day#i&%t enterin& %is internationa#

sc%oo# in an "$market K"a#a L"m$"r area, $rom$tin& ot%er sc%oo#s to ram$ "$ sec"rity +e

was .reed a week #ater a.ter a ransom was $aid

Ma##s, o.ten


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-%e .o"r robbers w%o bent t%e &ri##e door in a matter o. seconds, as s%own be#ow, did so at

a$$roimate#y 10$m knowin& t%at t%e residents were inside t%e %o"se -%e scary $art was

t%at t%ey %ad neit%er .ear nor care o. t%e .act t%at t%e residents were sti## awake eit%er

+ome a#arms may be a "se."# deterrent b"t it(s "se#ess i. t%e $er$etrator a#ready %a'e yo" at

ransom -%e %ome owner may be .orced to disarm t%e a#arm w%en %e#d at kni.e$oint or i.

.ami#y members t%reatened A#so, many don(t seem to take a rin&in& %o"se a#arm as serio"s#y

now

55-J is a#so not 'ery "se."# es$ecia##y w%en t%e crimina#s are wearin& a ca$ or .ace masks

or a %e#met wit% 'isor ece$t to #et yo" know w%en and %ow it %a$$ened ?"rt%ermore,

many b"rars %a'e #earned to seek o"t t%e 55-Js and attem$t to destroy, co'er "$, $"s%

away or e'en s$ray $aint t%e 55-J
http://sccarfs.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/sccarfs-crime-in-malaysia.jpg


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Many $eo$#e were "$set w%en a 216year6o#d nationa# bow#er esca$ed im$risonment recent#y

.or stat"tory ra$e, a.ter t%e a$$ea#s co"rt bo"nd %im o'er .or .i'e yearsinstead .or &ood

be%a'io"r

-%e a$$ea#s co"rt %ad set aside a .i'e6year


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I am a .eminist and be#ie'e t%at a## c%i#dren s%o"#d be $rotected, es$ecia##y .rom se"a#

ab"se

Per$etrators in t%e #ast two cases deser'e t%e %ars%est $"nis%ment #ike im$risonment as t%ey

are c#ear eam$#es o. se"a# ab"se

B"t in t%e bow#er(s case, %e may not %a'e intended to se"a##y ab"se %is &ir#.riend

Bot% boys and &ir#s be#ow t%e a&e o. 18 are #ike#y not mat"re eno"&% to "nderstand t%e

$%ysica# and emotiona# e..ects o. %a'in& se, amon& ot%er t%in&s +ence, t%e a&e o. consent

is necessary to $rotect t%em

Gi## consens"a# se amon& teena&ers be deterred by sendin& t%is bow#er, w%o is bare#y an

ad"#t and can(t e'en 'ote yet, to


9/114


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Father seeks justice after young daughters rapist escapes jail

By O$a#yn Mok and Lisa > Ari..in

A"&"st :0, 2012

-%e .at%er .ears t%at ot%er c%i#dren may .a## 'ictim to %is 126year6o#d da"&%ter(s ra$ist !

e"ters $ic

=EO=E -OGN, A"& :0 As $"b#ic $rosec"tors $re$ared to .i#e an a$$ea# %ere, t%e

.at%er o. t%e 126year6o#d &ir# ra$ed by tec%nician 5%"a% ="an >i" is demandin&


11/114

I am rea##y disa$$ointed wit% t%is decision +e /5%"a% s%o"#d %a'e been sent to $rison and

#ocked "$ so t%at %e can(t $rey on ot%er yo"n& &ir#s,4 said t%e distra"&%t 7H6year6o#d odd6


12/114

time a.ter a 5o"rt o. A$$ea# decision re'ersed an ear#ier +i&% 5o"rt r"#in& and bo"nd %im

o'er .or &ood be%a'io"r

G%en contacted by The Malaysian Insider, *%a% A#am MP K%a#id *amad said t%e co"rts(

decision to .ree bot% ra$ists was com$#ete#y "nsatis.actory and "nacce$tab#e4

I am 'ery s"r$rised %ow t%e


13/114

-%e sentence .or stat"tory ra$e is mandatory aC#an Mo%amed mirrored %is co##ea&"e, sayin&@ Accordin& to t%e

#aw t%ey s%o"#d ser'e time4

*o I t%ink t%e co"rt s%o"#d be ob"d&es are rewritin& #aw wit% s"c% decisions

Laws can be c%an&ed, b"t by t%e ri&%t instit"tion #ike Par#iament, and not by t%e


14/114

And accordin& to t%e )ia&nostic and *tatistica# Man"a# o. Menta# )isorders /)*M "sed by

menta# %ea#t% $ro.essiona#s oba##y, $aedo$%i#ia is t%e se"a# attraction to $"bescent or $re6

$"bescents a&ed 1: or yo"n&er, and t%e s"b


15/114

NOG t%at t%eir tria#s are o'er, .ormer nationa# yo"t% s3"ad bow#er Noor A.iCa# ACiCan can

&o on to ."#.i# t%e $romise o. %is bri&%t ."t"re and e#ectrician 5%"a% ="an >i" can .oc"s on

%is .ied "stice a"s *%ari. wrote in %is written


16/114

O"r teena&ers are &rowin& "$ in"ndated wit% o'ert se"a# messa&es .rom t%e media and t%e

Internet, wit%o"t t%e bene.it o. a ."##6.#ed&ed se ed"cation c"rric"#"m, or a'en"es to &et

answers

5#ear#y, o"r yo"n& $eo$#e are %a'in& se wit% eac% ot%er b"t t%ere is a #ine drawn by t%e #aw

And t%at is se wit% &ir#s be#ow 18 c%i#dren is o.. #imits, e'en to t%eir $eers

By #ettin& Noor A.iCa# and 5%"a% o.. #i&%t#y, are t%e co"rts sendin& o"t mied si&na#s

Are t%ey sayin& t%ese two &ir#s a&ed 12 and 1: are ca$ab#e o. &i'in& consent .or se, and

are t%ey sayin& ."t"re &ood be%a'io"r is s"..icient $"nis%ment .or %a'in& se wit% minors

G%at is t%e messa&e t%at teena&e boys and yo"n&er men are &ettin&

At t%e root o. it a##, t%is is abo"t $rotectin& o"r c%i#dren boys and &ir#s

A 126year6o#d &ir# was #"red by a man twice %er a&e into %is .#at, and coaed into %a'in& se

wit% %im, and %e &ot away wit% a $romise to be%a'e %imse#. .or t%e net t%ree years

G%ere does t%at #ea'e %er G%at abo"t %er wort% G%at are we doin& .or t%ese two &ir#s

+ow do we $rotect ot%er nai'e yo"n& &ir#s .rom bein& sweet6ta#ked by an o#der teen into a

se"a# re#ations%i$ i. %e knows %e co"#d be .o"nd &"i#ty o. stat"tory ra$e b"t wa#k away wit%

a $romise to be%a'e

I. we do not "$%o#d "ne3"i'oca##y o"r into#erance o. se wit% "ndera&ed &ir#s, w%at does t%at

say abo"t "s

!elated "tories#

Prosec"tor to ar&"e decision to bind e#ectrician .or t%ree years

=ro"$s disa$$ointed o'er #i&%t sentences

E$erts s$#it o'er re'iew o. consent a&e

No coercion or 'io#ence "sed

5o"rt re#eases written


17/114


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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT (ICM 2011) PROCEEDING

397

"$C%!&' F$'%!$" &* '+$ ,'$- C.MM%*&' +.%"&*,

-$/$0.PM$*'

Zurinah bt Tahir and Khadijah bt Hussin

Department of Land Administration and Development

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai Malaysia

P"b#ic sa.ety, an im$ortant nationa# a&enda, %as .eat"red $rominent#y in t%e 10 t% Ma#aysia P#an Jario"s

strate&ies

%a'e been .orm"#ated towards creatin& a sa.er en'ironment in w%ic% to #i'e and work 5rime a..ects not on#yt%e

$"b#ic b"t a#so t%e economy -akin& co&niCance o. t%is .act, t%e =o'ernment %as im$#emented 'ario"s$ro&rammes to

red"ce t%e crime rate, and to create a sa.er and more sec"re #i'in& en'ironment -%e de'e#o$ment o. residentia#

$ro$erties "nder t%e =ated 5omm"nity conce$t is considered as one o. t%e most e..ecti'e met%ods to ens"re t%e

sa.ety o. residents E3"i$$ed wit% sec"rity contro#s at a## t%e times, t%is ty$e o. de'e#o$ment co"#d com$#ement

t%e

*a.e -owns%i$ conce$t -%is seminar $a$er disc"sses t%e sec"rity .eat"res in t%e =ated 5omm"nity %o"sin&

de'e#o$ment as meas"res to combat crime in #ine wit% t%e im$#ementation o. t%e *a.e -owns%i$ conce$t

Field of !esearch# Crime; Gated Community; Preventive Measures; Safe Township Concept; Safety; Security.

&*'!.-%C'&.*

-%e *a.e -owns%i$ conce$t in crime $re'ention $ro&rammes $#aces m"c% em$%asis on t%e sec"rity and sa.etyas$ects

o. dai#y #i.e Urban sa.ety iss"es in'o#'e stake%o#ders s"c% as $o#ice, #oca# a"t%orities, residents and #oca#N=Os Not


19/114

on#y are t%e crime rate statistics t%e main indicator .or meas"rin& t%e sa.ety #e'e# o. a town, b"t t%ey can a#soser'e to

red"ce aniety or .ear o. crime amon& t%e residents

A *a.e -owns%i$ is created a#on& t%e $rinci$#es o. s"stainab#e de'e#o$ment, and .oc"ses on t%e $eo$#ecentered

s"stainab#e de'e#o$ment(mode# -%e $#annin& o. a sa.e %o"sin& de'e#o$ment in'o#'es a tri$artite

re#ations%i$ between t%e de'e#o$er, residents and t%e en'ironment *a.e towns%i$s not on#y sa.e&"ard t%e

economy,

b"t t%ey a#so %e#$ to ens"re "nity and socia# we##6bein& />ama#"din M"sta..a, 200H -%is seminar $a$er

disc"sses t%e

sec"rity .eat"res .o"nd in t%e =ated 5omm"nity %o"sin& de'e#o$ment t%at are ado$ted to meet t%e criteria and

$rinci$#es o. t%e *a.e -owns%i$ conce$t

"rina% -a%ir and K%adi


20/114

menta# ca$acity -%e st"dy o. =rant et a# /1;;7 a#so stressed t%e necessity .or 'ario"s de.initions o. a 3"a#ity#i.e

-%is st"dy estab#is%ed t%at a 3"a#ity #i.e arose .rom .o"r dimensions or domains, name#y, /i $%ysica# we##6bein&, /ii

$syc%o#o&ica# we##6bein&, /iii socia# we##6bein& and /i' s$irit"a# we##6bein&

-%e socia# 3"a#ity o. #i.e re.#ects t%e de'e#o$ment o. a co"ntry -%e $eo$#e %a'e t%e ri&%t to a 3"a#ity #i.e

-%e "nderstandin& o. t%e conce$t and meanin& o. a 3"a#ity society may 'ary accordin& to 'ario"s indices o. a

co"ntry G%i#e a 'ariety o. meanin&s and inter$retations eist, t%e 3"a#ity o. #i.e, accordin& to t%e $resent

disc"ssion,

re.ers essentia##y to t%e basic minim"m needs t%at s%o"#d be a'ai#ab#e to t%e resident o. a towns%i$ /Gan oCa#i,

2002 -%ese basic needs are im$ortant in t%e ac3"isition o. a 3"a#ity #i.e and s"stainab#e de'e#o$ment G%ee#er

/1;;9 contended t%at t%e iss"es o. basic needs t%at were o.ten raised in t%e contet o. s"stainab#e de'e#o$ment

were

no #on&er a $rimary &oa# in t%e attainment o. 3"a#ity #i.e Ain"r aireeen /2008 in %er st"dy disc"ssed t%e

iss"es o.

s"stainab#e de'e#o$ment, and t%e iss"es t%at $osed t%e main 3"estions as to %ow a towns%i$ t%at was &reener,

sa.er

and more com.ortab#e mi&%t be ac%ie'ed +ow mi&%t t%e #andsca$e o. a towns%i$ be s%a$ed to ac%ie'e its own

identity w%i#e $rotectin& its comm"nity A## t%ese iss"es $ose a c%a##en&e to makin& a towns%i$ or city #i'eab#ein

t%e #on& r"n, in kee$in& wit% t%e conce$t o. liveale cities.

Strategy for the Developmet of !ate" Comm#$ty Ho#%$g $ the Cote&t of a Safe To'%h$p

In recent times, wa##ed comm"nities estab#is%ed as (&ated and &"arded comm"nities( %a'e become increasiny

$o$"#ar Besides %i&% rise condomini"ms, t%is conce$t is bein& &rad"a##y etended to (#anded &ated

comm"nities( in

many $#aces, inc#"din& t%e United *tates =ated 5omm"niites %a'e since emer&ed in E"ro$e, .rom Port"&a# to

Po#and and *candina'ia /NoraCmin, 200H

As t%e conce$t o. a %o"sin& sc%eme be%ind wa##s is re#ati'e#y new in Ma#aysia, t%ere are no statistics to s%ow

t%e act"a# n"mber o. &ated comm"nities in Ma#aysia Ne'ert%e#ess, t%e recent e$ansion o. &ated comm"nity%o"sin&

in Ma#aysia %as been notab#e, es$ecia##y in t%e #ar&e cities s"c% as K"a#a L"m$"r, Penan&, >o%or Ba%r" andot%er

areas t%at command $remi"m $ro$erty $rices


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In !uala "umpur# there are Gated Community housin$ pro%ects such as Sierramas in Sun$ei &uloh# !a%an$

5o"ntry +omes in Kaaya and -%e Mines in *erdan& /AC#inor, 200 In >o%or Ba%r", simi#ar %o"sin& sc%emes inc#"de Leis"re ?arm

=e#an& Pata% in =e#an& Pata%, -aman B"kit Inda% in P"#ai, *ri P"#ai Utama in *k"dai and *ierra Perdana in-ebra"

-%e =ated 5omm"nity conce$t %as .o"nd a $#ace in t%e %eart o. $ro$erty b"yers, es$ecia##y in t%e "rban

areas A #ot o. t%em $re.er not on#y to %a'e t%eir %o"ses #ocated wit%in t%e =ated 5omm"nity, b"t t%ey a#so

want

t%eir recreationa# s$aces, and $#ay&ro"nds to be $rotected be%ind sec"re wa##s, and t%e entrances and eits o. t%e

%o"sin& area to be contro##ed by sec"rity &"ards

-%e #i'in& en'ironment, w%et%er $romoted as 'ran "ivin$ or as(atural Scenery and )nvironment# %as a

$ower."# draw w%en de$icted as a =ated 5omm"nity #i.esty#e, es$ecia##y one t%at connotes a $resti&eo"scomm"nity

or a recreationa# #i.esty#e /Ismar, 200H -%ese reasons notwit%standin&, t%e main attaction o. t%e =ated

5omm"nity

conce$t is t%e as$ect o. sec"rity, #andsca$ed s"rro"ndin&s and t%e 'ariety o. .aci#ities t%at are a'ai#ab#e toresidents

/5#arke, 2007

-%e =ated 5omm"nity #i.esty#e t%at %as won so many admirers is essentia##y a %o"sin& de'e#o$ment

$rotected by .ences or wa##s -%is %o"sin& conce$t restricts access o. t%e $"b#ic into t%e %o"sin& area, and itre.#ects a

c%oice o. #i'in&, identity and stat"s o. t%e resident It is ar&"ab#y a#so a res$onse to t%e increasin& crime rates in

"rban areas +ence, t%is seminar $a$er disc"sses t%e conce$t o. =ated 5omm"nities t%at o..er 'ario"s sec"rity

.eat"res t%at mi&%t $ro'ide an answer to t%e c"rrent s$ate o. crimes, and t%at .its in we## wit% t%e *a.e -owns%i$

conce$t -%e st"dies t%at wi## be "ndertaken in se'era# se#ected #ocations s"c% as >o%or Ba%r" 5ity can ser'e as

case

st"dies t%at .oc"s on t%e sec"rity as$ects o. comm"nity sec"rity

C.*C$P' .F "$C%!&' &* "F$ '.2*"+&P

-%e iss"e o. $ersona# sa.ety is an as$ect o. t%e nationa# a&enda t%at is 'ery im$ortant and is, accordiny, &i'en

d"e


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em$%asis in t%e 10t% Ma#aysia P#an Jario"s strate&ies %a'e been drawn "$ to s%a$e a #i'in& en'ironment and

comm"nity t%at is sa.er, and t%ere.ore more attracti'e -%e &o'ernment is aware t%at t%e e..ect o. crime %as not

on#y

a..ected society ad'erse#y, it is a#so endan&erin& t%e nationa# economy In 'iew o. t%is, t%e &o'ernment %as

initiated

'ario"s $ro&rammes towards red"cin& t%e crime rate and creatin& a #i'in& en'ironment t%at is sa.er and more

$#easant

-%e +ierarc%y -%eory o. Mas#ow dec#ares t%at t%e e#ement o. sec"rity as t%e second re3"irement w%ic% is

so"&%t in #i.e /?i&"re 1 -%e im$ortance o. sec"rity in #i.e attains $rominence once an indi'id"a# %as ."#.i##ed%is or

%er $%ysio#o&ica# needs, s"c% as s%e#ter, .ood, c#ot%in& and so .ort% /Mas#ow, 1;7


400

?i&"re 1@ Mas#ow(s +ierarc%y o. Needs -%eory s%owin& t%e more basic needs at t%e bottom

*o"rce@ Mas#ow, 1;7

Step% $ Cr$me Prevet$o $ the Safe To'%h$p Programme

-%ere are 2: ste$s in t%e t%ree strate&ies o. t%e *a.e -owns%i$ Pro&ramme .or im$#ementation by t%e #oca#

a"t%orities, de$artments and tec%nica# a&encies, and t%epulic. The steps are as follows*

'able 3# "teps in Crime Prevention in the "afe 'ownship Program

"'!'$, "'$P" F.! C!&M$ P!$/$*'&.*

Strategy () De%$g$g the Phy%$*al

Ev$romet

*te$16*e$arate $edestrian wa#kways .rom motorways

*te$26Pre$are bo##ards

*te$:65ontro# $#ants "sed in #andsca$in& aro"nd

$edestrian wa#kways

*te$76esearc% in crime $re'ention

t%ro"&% en'ironmenta# )esi&nin&


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*te$6*%arin& o. crime in.ormation t%ro"&% =I*6based

ma$$in&

*te$86e'iew o. &"ide#ines .or %o"sin& #ayo"t

Strategy +) Stregthe$g the

target area ,target har"e$g-

*te$H6*et "$ Po#icePondo+

*te$96Insta## crime reminder notice boards

*te$;6Insta## sa.ety mirrors

*te$106Insta## sec"rity a#arm

Need .or se#. act"a#isation

Need .or esteem

Basic $%ysio#o&ica# needs

Need .or sa.ety

Need .or #o'eQbe#on&in&

*$irit"a#

needs

*ocia# needs

P%ysio#o&ica#

needs


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25/114


401

*te$116-idy "$ o'er&rown s%r"bbery and areas %idden

.rom 'iew

*te$126Pro'ide #ocked motorcyc#e $ark

*te$1:6Insta## c#osed circ"it te#e'ision /55-J

*te$176Insta## #i&%tin& a#on& .i'e6.oot ways /wa#kways

o. commercia# areas

*te$16Ens"re wa#kways are not %idden .rom 'iew o.

$assersby

*te$186Bri&%ten "$ areas w%ere $eo$#e con&re&ate

*te$1H6)isa##ow %awkers and 'e%ic#e $arkin& a#on&

.i'e6.oot ways and $edestrian wa#kways

*te$196Estab#is% 'ario"s tradin& acti'ities

*te$1;6En&a&e commercia# sec"rity ser'ice

Strategy .) Implemet So*$al /

Comm#$ty A*t$v$t$e% a"

P#0l$* A'aree%% Lear$g


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*te$206?aci#itate #earnin&

*te$216Insta## #i&%tin& in side#anes and in t%e .ront and

rear o. %o"ses

*te$226Pre$are a 5omm"nity 5rime +andbook

*te$2:6Increase $o#ice $atro# in %o"sin& areas

*o"rce* )e$artment o. -own and 5o"ntry P#annin&, Ma#aysia 2010

C.*C$P'%0 F!M$2.!4

Positive paradigm

5asic belief Focus Methodology

Meas"rab#e conce$ts

"antitati'e met%ods

?oc"s on t%e .acts

)etermine ca"see..ect

re#ations%i$s

between t%e 'ariab#es

Use t%e ded"cti'e

a$$roac%

-%e obser'er is

"nrestricted

-%e wor#d is ob


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1ETHODOLO!Y

Ca%e St#"y

A 5ase *t"dy a$$roac% was ado$ted .or t%is st"dy -%e com$i#ation o. data was made t%ro"&% #iterat"re searc%,

inter'iews wit% re$resentati'es .rom t%e -own P#annin& )e$artment and a#so .rom secondary so"rces, inc#"din&


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sec"rity cameras /c#osed circ"it te#e'ision 55-J, sec"rity &"ard $atro#, 27 %o"r sec"rity contro# and &"ard6%o"se

"P$C' C.MP.*$*'6 7%"'&F&C'&.*

i 5oundary fence =ated 5omm"nity %o"sin& is desi&ned wit% $erimeter .encin& and #andsca$in& t%at

restricts 'iew .rom t%e o"tside-%e .ence or wa## restricts entry into t%e =ated

5omm"nity and contro#s t%e incidence o. crime wit%in t%e comm"nityEntrances

wit% boom barriers are $o$"#ar in .aci#itatin& t%e screenin& o. 'isitors to t%e =ated

5omm"nity esidents are iss"ed entry $asses by t%e comm"nity or sec"rity

mana&ement .or t%e $"r$ose o. sec"rity contro#esidents wit% access $asses t%at

are a$$ro$riate#y e#ectronica##y encoded %a'e access into t%e =ated

5omm"nity5ertain =ated 5omm"nities contro# entry t%ro"&% t%e "se o. stickers

.or residents( cars or motorcyc#es

ii1 "ecurity

guardhouse

-%e &"ard%o"se is b"i#t near t%e a"tomatic boom barrier at t%e main road o. t%e

=ated 5omm"nity to .aci#itate t%e d"ties o. t%e sec"rity &"ards

iii1 &ntercom system -%e intercom system is a means by w%ic% to re&"#ate and $re'ent o"tsiders .rom

enterin& t%e =ated 5omm"nity Eac% %o"sin& "nit is .itted wit% an intercom system

connected to t%e &"ard%o"se .or t%e con'enience o. t%e residents -%e intercom

system enab#es residents to comm"nicate wit% t%e sec"rity &"ard%o"se to 'a#idate

t%eir 'isitors and to re3"est assistance in t%e case o. emer&encies, wit%o"t %a'in& to

&o to t%e &"ard%o"se

iv1 CC'/ system -%e 55-J system is insta##ed to en%ance t%e e..ecti'eness o. sec"rity contro# -%e

sec"rity &"ard needs on#y to 'iew t%e ima&es on t%e 55-J monitor wit%o"t t%e

need .or .re3"ent $atro#s in t%e %o"sin& area -%is system is insta##ed at eac%

entrance and eit in t%e %o"sin& area, as we## as at ot%er strate&ic #ocations to

monitor and record $ersons enterin& or eitin& -%is indirect#y %e#$s t%e $o#ice in

identi.yin& s"s$ects in t%e e'ent o. any "ndesired incidents, s"c% as t%e.t or %o"sebreakin&


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403

v1 "ecurity guard

patrol


30/114

Patro#s in t%e =ated 5omm"nity are sti## re3"ired e'en w%en intercom and 55-J

.aci#ities are insta##ed -%e sec"rity &"ard on $atro# sees .or %imse#. t%e sit"ation in

t%e act"a# s"rro"ndin&s *ec"rity &"ards norma##y $atro# t%e =ated 5omm"nity in

s%i.ts Eac% $atro# session may #ast : %o"rs -%e $atro#s are aimed at ens"rin&

sec"rity wit%in t%e =ated 5omm"nity

vi1 89 hour security

control

-%e sec"rity ser'ice o$erates 27 %o"rs a day *ec"rity &"ards norma##y work in

s%i.ts-%e sec"rity &"ard "s"a##y assists in attendin& to t%e 55-J monitor t%at is

#oacted at t%e entrance*ec"rity &"ards are re3"ired to be re&istered wit% t%e

Ministry o. +ome A..airs and re#ated a&encies

C.*C0%"&.*

-%e conce$t o. =ated 5omm"nity %o"sin& in $ro$erty de'e#o$ment is considered one o. t%e most e..ecti'emeas"res

to maintain $ersona# sa.ety in a residentia# area =ated 5omm"nities t%at .eat"re ."##6time sec"rity ser'icesreconci#e

wit% t%e as$irations o. t%e *a.e -owns%i$ conce$t t%at is based on t%e tenet t%at crime $re'ention is better t%ancrime

eradication( -%is a$$roac% to crime $re'ention $rom"#&ates t%e sa.e en'ironment as bein& t%e key to crime

red"ction

C4*.20$-,$M$*'"

esearc% on t%e sec"rity .eat"res in t%e &ated comm"nity %o"sin& de'e#o$ment is s"$$orted by a ama#a% and

Instit"tiona# *c%o#ars%i$ o. Uni'ersiti -ekno#o&i Ma#aysia -%e a"t%ors t%ank )r K%adi


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AC#inor *".ian dan A%mad Ibra%im /200- "e$al Perspective n Gated Communities In MalaysiaInternationa#

5on.erence o. -%e Asian P#annin& *c%oo# Association Uni'ersity =#asow

5#arke, P /2007,evelopin$ a Gated Community *eminar =ated and ="arded 5omm"nities, 1H A$ri# 2007,

+ote#

Istana in K"a#a L"m$"r

?errans, 5 5 /1;;0 /uality of life* Conceptual issues. *eminars in Onco#ody N"rsin& 8@ 279627

=rant, M, ?erre##, B , R *ak"rai, 5 /1;;7,efinin$ the spiritul dimension of 0uality of life assessment in

one

marrow transplant survivors. Onco#ody N"rsin& ?or"m 21 /2@ :H86:99

>ama#"din M"sta..a /200H-spe+ !eselamatan -wam ,alam Pementu+an &andar Selamat ,i Malaysia.B"k"

-esis P%) Uni'ersiti *ains Ma#aysia

Mas#ow, A /1;7Motivation and Personality.New ork@ +ar$er R ow

Ma#aysia "a#ity o. Li.e e$ort /1;;;


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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

GATED COMMUNITY AND GUARDED NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING

GUIDELINES

THE DEFINITION OF GATED AND GUARDED COMMUNITY

1. Gated Communt!" #GC$ de%nton&

GC is defined as a group of residents or community who live in a guarded

fenced area whether in high-rise property such as apartment, condominium

and town-house or in landed property such as bungalow, terrace or detached

houses. However, the understanding of gated community in Malaysia is more

focused on groups of residents or community who live in landed property with

strata title. The development of GC is consistent with the provisions of section

6 (1A) of the Strata Titles Act 1985 (Act 318)

'. Gua(ded Ne)*+ou(*ood" #GN$ de%nton&

GN is defined as a residential area controlled in whole or in part in the

scheme of the existing housing or new land holdings with individual land title.

GN scheme provides with or without guard security services. In terms of the

law, it cannot have physical barriers on public streets and enforce any entry

and exit restrictions to the residents and the public.

The presence of GN is not based on the provisions of any law or regulation. It


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only exists on an 'ad-hoc' basis with the agreement of residents in a

neighbourhood to make their neighbourhood a guarded area.

USE OF GUARD AND RESTRICTIONS AT THE ENTRANCE

,. I- t an o%%ene to u-e a -eu(t! )ua(d at t*e ent(ane o%(e-denta/

a(ea-&

The use of guards to regulate the safety of individual home or certain

residential areas in some housing schemes is not contrary to the law,

provided that they comply with the requirements / conditions set by the

Ministry of Home Affairs (KDN). There was a special circular formulated in

2006 by the Ministry of Home Affairs, ie Private Agency Circular Bil. 1 Year

2006 and Private Agency Circular Bil. 2 Year 2006.

(Please refer to: moha.gov.my)

0. *at an +e done to add(e-- t*e 2de-3(ead 3(o+/em o%(e-t(ton- to

3(e4ent t*e 3u+/ %(om ente(n) *ou-n) a(ea- 2** a(e notde4e/o3ed

unde( t*e St(ata Tt/e- At 1567 #At ,16$&

The existing laws of the Road Transport Act 1987 (section 80) and the Street,

Drainage and Building Act 1974 (section 46 (1)) explicitly prevents the

installation of barriers at the entrance or in public access areas, including the

lane edge and alley behind the residence. The only obstacle allowed is in the

form of temporary physical restrictions, such as 'manual boom gate', safety

cones and signs that can be considered to be installed or placed in a specific

location at the entrance facing the guard, provided there are security guards

on duty for 24 hours.


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At the same time, security guards who are appointed shall not restrict or

prevent the entry of occupants or the public to the housing scheme which is

not 'landed strata'. The current practice of requiring the public to submit

identification documents (especially the driving license and identity card) is

not consistent with the provisions of the law. In this case, the occupants or the

public should report to the authorities, especially the police.

7. *at - t*e aton ta8en a)an-t Re-dent- A--oaton %o(/o-n) t*e

-t(eet- and +a8 /ane- n (e-denta/ a(ea- t*at a%%et t*emo4ement o%

3eo3/e a- 2e// a- am+u/ane9 3o/e 3at(o/ and %(e %)*te(-&

As described, the closure of the back alley / lane edge is an offence under the

Road Transport Act 1987 and the Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974. In

this case, the occupants or the public should report to the local authorities

concerned.

:. Doe- t*e Go4e(nment *a4e a 3o/! to dea/ 2t* (e-t(ton- on3u+/

(oad- t*at a(e e;e--4e and a)an-t t*e /a2&

To address this problem in the long term, the Ministry of Housing and Local

Government (KPKT) has suggested that local authorities formulate By-Laws

(By-Laws) to facilitate enforcement carried out on neighbourhood resident

associations that operate or act against the provisions of the By-Laws or the

provisions of other laws in place.

CONTROL OF ESTABLISHMENT FOR GUARDED NEIGHBOURHOOD#GN$


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+u-ne-- a(ea-. I- t a//o2ed&

The draft guidelines strictly do not authorise the establishment and operation

of GN in a neighbourhood where there are components of public facilities

such as schools, mosques, community halls and so on, and if it is the public

bus transportation routes.

6. *at % t*e(e a(e 3eo3/e 2*o d-a)(ee 2t* t*e e-ta+/-*mento% t*e GN

-*eme. Can t*e (e-dent-= a--oaton 3(e4ent t*e( ent(! ntot*e(

(e-denta/ 3(o3e(t!&

The draft guidelines have outlined that any proposal to establish GN has to

obtain the approval of majority of people (heads of households), subject to no

coercion and pressure on people who do not agree. In this case, people who

disagree should not be forced to pay maintenance fees or for security guards.

PROBLEM BUILDING THE GUARD HOUSE

5. Can t*e )ua(d *ou-e +e +u/t on a 3u+/ ae-- (oad9e-3ea//! n t*e

mdd/e o% t*e man ent(ane9 n t*e GN -*eme&

The draft guidelines do not allow the construction of guard houses in the

middle of the main entrance of the GN scheme area. Guard houses are only

allowed to be built at road shoulder and should not obstruct traffic. If the

proposed guard house building is a permanent structure, applicants

(residents association) need to apply for approval of the Temporary

Occupation License (TOL) from the District Land Office (PTD) concerned.

This rule is consistent with the provisions of section 65, the National Land

Code 1965 (Act 56).


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Guard house size must not exceed 1.8 meters X 2.4 meters. The proposed

guard house designs must be submitted to the Local Authority (Building

Division) for a temporary permit or approval for the construction of a guard

house. Guardhouse can be built only after obtaining a temporary construction

permit or approval from local authorities.

PERIMETER FENCING

1>. I- 3e(mete( %enn) a//o2ed at a(ea- 2t*n t*e GN -*eme&

The guidelines do not allow the construction of the fence (perimeter fencing)

around the boundary of the GN scheme neighbourhood. This is because the

installation of fences in the area of GN involves public road reserves, unlike

the GC scheme which is built on private land (the main lot of 'landed strata').

ENFORCEMENT ON E?ISTING GN SCHEME

11. // aton +e ta8en on e;-tn) )ua(ded ne)*+ou(*ood-*eme- t*at

a(e o3e(atn) a)an-t t*e d(a%t )ude/ne-&

The guidelines for Gated Community and Guarded Neighbourhood approved

by the Cabinet and MNKT, are generally applicable to the new GN schemes.

For the old scheme, action such as the demolition of fences, guard houses

and automated boom gate will not be done immediately and in a hurry. Action

will be carried out selectively on the existing GN scheme that install barriers to

obstruct the movement of residents and to prevent the entry of authorities

vehicles, particularly fire fighters and ambulance. In this case, local authorities

need to play an effective role effectively so that the current issues will not

cause further difficulties or affect the publics safety and peace.


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1'. *en 2// t*e /a2- o( (e)u/aton- (e/atn) to )ated and)ua(ded

ommunte- n (e-denta/ a(ea- +e e%%et4e&

So far, the federal government does not intend to enact a special law relating

to the GN scheme. The drafting of the guidelines is seen to be sufficient to

drive the State Authority, local authorities, relevant agencies, developers and

residents' associations in developing the GC scheme and establishing the GN

scheme. However, the government (through KPKT) will refine the matters

relating to the drafting of by-law (By-laws) by the local authorities to ensure

that the processes, procedures and enforcement actions can be made more

effective.

At the federal level, the draft guidelines are to be enforced on the date of

approval by the National Council for Local Government (MNKT) which is on

2nd September 2010. However, it will involve a process of gradual adoption by

the state authorities in Peninsular Malaysia and the authorities in the Federal

Territory. At the state level, these guidelines will be presented at the Meeting

of the State Planning Committee in each state to be adopted and enforced at

the state level and the local authorities.

PROBLEM ITH MAINTENANCE FEES

1,. I- t*e(e a -!-tem to en-u(e t(an-3a(en! and Re-dent-"A--oaton

and Gated Communt! a- 2e// a- to 3(e4ent em+e@@/ement o%Re-dent-=

A--oaton" %und- and t*e a+u-e o% 3o2e( +! ommtteemem+e(-&

Matters relating to the transparency of Residents Association of 'Gated


38/114

Community' and prevention of embezzlement of residents association funds

are not outlined in the guidelines that have been enacted. However, some of

the issues raised have been dealt with in the Building and Common Property

(Maintenance and Management) Act 2007 (Act 663) which apply legislatively

to the development and management of the 'gated community' that is

developed under the Strata Titles Act 1985 (Act 318 ).

In this case, members of residents association can lodge a complaint or

report to the relevant authorities according to existing law, if there is evidence

of fraud and abuse of power by the appointed residents' association.

Note The list of FAQs above refers to questions that are frequently asked by the

public, residents' associations and the media as well as questions raised in the

House of Representatives and the Senate during the years 2009-2010.

For any questions, please contact:

Director

Research and Development

Town and Country Planning Department

Peninsular Malaysia

Tel: 03-2699 2172

Fax: 03-2693 3964

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: http://www.townplan.gov.my
http://www.townplan.gov.my/http://www.townplan.gov.my/


39/114


40/114


41/114

+ere we take a #ook at %ow to mana&e yo"r time e..ecti'e#y -%e 3"otes are .rom st"dents at

Midd#ese Uni'ersity w%o %a'e been t%ro"&% t%e same e$erience

Make a timetable

I. yo"('e come to "ni'ersity .rom sc%oo#, it can be a s%ock to .ind t%at yo" a#one are

res$onsib#e .or or&anisin& yo"r st"dy time t%ere(s no one now to na& yo" abo"t %omeworkS

It(s a#so easy .or t%e day to &et swa##owed "$ by ot%er commitments Makin& a timetab#e

%e#$s yo" identi.y $eriods o. $otentia# st"dy time

It can o.ten be di..ic"#t to se#.6moti'ate, so a &ood strate&y may be to make "$ a ro"&%

timetab#e o. yo"r week, w%ic% a##ocates s$eci.ic time s#ots w%ere yo" s%o"#d sit down and do

some st"dyin&

Ens"re t%at t%is time is 3"a#ity time w%ere yo" can rea##y concentrate, away .rom .ami#y and

.riends, t%e -J or t%e radio4

'hink ahead

It(s tem$tin& to a'oid an assi&nment "nti#


42/114

Git% t%e cost o. a "ni'ersity de&ree risin&, many st"dents take on a $aid


43/114


44/114

T$me 1aagemet For U$ver%$ty St#"et%

-%e &rand to"r o. yo"r time be&ins %ere and now o" as a st"dent %a'e s$ecia# time

concerns and "ni3"e $ers$ecti'es on 'ario"s as$ects o. time mana&ement Many o. yo"r

acti'ities are sc%ed"#ed .or yo" as #ect"res, t"toria#s and #ab times are o" may .ind

t%o"&%, a s"bstantia# c%"nk o. yo"r time is .#eib#e b"t m"st sti## be a##ocated to t%in&s

#ike %omework, comm"tin&, a $art6time


45/114

$er$#ein& &ood time mana&ement can rea##y be Not to worry, we wi## be workin&

t%ro"&% a## .o"r o. t%ese 3"estions t%ro"&%o"t t%e co"rse o. t%e %ando"t startin& wit%

F+a'e yo" set yo"r &oa#sF

Have You Set Your Goals?

By en&a&in& in a $ro&ram o. st"dy in a "ni'ersity yo" are embarkin& on a


46/114

con'er&ent $rob#emsT t%at is, t%ey re3"ire yo" to work on a w%o#e b"nc% o. acti'ities t%at

e'ent"a##y con'er&e as yo" reac% t%e &oa# 5onsider .or instance t%e &oa# o. obtainin&

yo"r de&ree -%is &oa# can be broken down into .o"r s"b6&oa#s Eac% s"b6&oa# is t%e

s"ccess."# com$#etion o. one year o. yo"r $ro&ram -%ese s"b6&oa#s can be ."rt%er

broken down into indi'id"a# co"rses wit%in eac% year -%e co"rses can be broken down

into tests, eams, term $a$ers and s"c% wit%in t%e co"rse, and .ina##y down to yo"r

%omework .or toni&%t -%ere is an "nbroken $at% between t%e %omework t%at yo" do

toni&%t and yo"r con'ocation ceremony -%e trick is to stay on t%e $at%

As an eam$#e o. %ow to break &oa#s down into t%eir com$onent $arts consider

yo"rse#. as a .irst year st"dent in Introd"ction to Microeconomics As $art o. yo"r #ar&er

&oa# str"ct"re yo" want to ac%ie'e a B in t%is economics co"rse A## o. t%e work .or t%e

co"rse %as been com$#eted ece$t .or t%e .ina# eamination and yo"r c"rrent a'era&e is a

B *o, a## yo" need to do is &et a B on t%e .ina# and yo" &et a B in t%e co"rse +ow

do yo" $re$are .or t%is .ina# Ge##, consider breakin& down t%e work into #o&ica##y

se$arate "nits -%ree $ossib#e com$onents mi&%t be@

completing a review of the first terms work

completing a review of the first half of the second terms work

complete the review prolems and practice test that your professor

distriuted in class!

"#ALSugoal Sugoal

Sugoal Sugoal Sugoal Sugoal Sugoal Sugoal

"#ALSugoal Sugoal


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Sugoal Sugoal Sugoal Sugoal Sugoal Sugoal

-%e $oint %ere is not to $re$are yo" .or a microeconomics eam b"t to demonstrate

t%e breakdown o. a s"b6&oa# into sma##er, more concrete acti'ities =enera##y s$eakin&

t%e sma##er t%e c%"nks, t%e more easy and $rod"cti'e yo"r $#annin& wi## be

By now yo" are $robab#y wonderin& w%at a## o. t%is breakin& down o. &oa#s %as to do

wit% Ge##, ad yo" askedS -%e $"r$ose o. t%e breakin& down o. &oa#s into s"b6&oa#s

and t%eir com$onent $arts is to be c#ear abo"t w%at yo" s%o"#d be doin& Ge are

constant#y bombarded by o$$ort"nities and o$tions o. w%at to do wit% o"r time Most o.

o"r time be#ie'e it or not is s$ent in tryin& to decide w%at to do netS Ja&"e &oa#s are

o.ten at t%e %eart o. t%e most dreaded o. time mana&ement no6no(s 6 $rocrastination B"t

i. yo" %a'e c#ari.ied yo"r $"r$ose in ad'ance yo" can &et to it -%e net section wi##

describe in detai# %ow we can &et sidetracked into doin& t%in&s t%at arent rea##y t%at

im$ortant

What Is Your Time Perspetive?Ear#ier, we ta#ked abo"t %ow yo" de.ine yo"r rea#ity by t%e decisions and actions o.

today o"r time $ers$ecti'e is $art o. t%at rea#ity +a'e yo" e'er noticed %ow $eo$#e

w%o %a'e &oa#s and are serio"s abo"t t%eir ."t"re take &reat care to "se t%eir time we##

-%ese $eo$#e seem to consider time a $recio"s commodity and reso"rce to be a##ocated to

a$$ro$riate ends, and on#y a.ter care."# consideration -%is is in s%ar$ contrast to t%e

wanderin& masses o. $eo$#e w%o are con."sed, #ost and "n.oc"sed -%ese $eo$#e do not

consider time as a commodity or a reso"rce b"t sim$#y as a meas"rement o. %ow o#d

somet%in& is or w%en somet%in& is &oin& to %a$$en -%ese di..erin& 'iew$oints are bot%

&enerated by t%e &oa#s or #ack o. t%em o. t%e $eo$#e in 3"estion )e'e#o$in& a $ersona#

sensiti'ity to t%e 'a#"e o. yo"r time is easy Its a nat"ra# o"t&rowt% o. %a'in& &oa#s

Ima&ine yo" %ad one more day to #i'e Go"#dnt e'ery min"te s"dden#y become


48/114

c%eris%ed and "nwasted *ince none o. "s rea##y knows %ow m"c% time we %a'e it

wo"#d make sense to consider o"r time to be o. #imited s"$$#y and &reat 'a#"e Bein& o.

#imited s"$$#y, o"r time s%o"#d be s$ent on some t%in&s w%i#e ot%er t%in&s s%o"#d be

a'oided -o know w%ic% is w%ic%, we## disc"ss a .ew cr"cia# s$ectra o. time "se

inc#"din& im$ortance and "r&ency, e..ecti'eness and e..iciency, and t%e Pareto Princi$#e

Achieve a $% in

Microeconomics

&inal '(am

)omplete review

of first term*s work

)omplete review

of first half of

second term*s

work

)omplete review

prolems and

practice test

Achieve a $% in

Microeconomics

&inal '(am

)omplete review

of first term*s work

)omplete review

of first half of

second term*s

work

)omplete review

prolems and


49/114

practice test

&mportance and %rgency

A %e#$."# strate&y in c#ari.yin& yo"r $resent time $ers$ecti'e is to t%ink o. yo"r

acti'ities in terms o. im$ortance and "r&ency -%e dia&ram, dis$#ayin& a &rid o. .o"r

3"adrants, re$resents di..erent b#ends o. im$ortant and "r&ent acti'ities

-%e #ower6#e.t 3"adrant .or instance re$resents acti'ities t%at yo" en&a&e in t%at are

neit%er im$ortant nor "r&ent As t%e "r&ency increases /towards t%e #ower6ri&%t we

o.ten .ind o"rse#'es doin& t%in&s

.aster and more %"rried#y Be

care."# t%o"&% -%at does not

mean t%at t%ese t%in&s are more

im$ortant -%e "$$er6#e.t

3"adrant contains t%in&s t%at are

%i&% in im$ortance and #ow in

"r&ency, and t%e 3"adrant in t%e

"$$er6ri&%t corner re$resents

acti'ities t%at are %i&% in bot%

"r&ency and im$ortance Let(s

brie.#y consider eac% o. t%ese

3"adrants in t"rn

*ot &mportant *or %rgent

o" are $robab#y askin& yo"rse#. w%y anyone wo"#d en&a&e in acti'ities t%at are

neit%er im$ortant nor "r&ent, b"t yo" wo"#d be amaCed to .ind o"t


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c%attin& on t%e $%one 6 be care."# o" mi&%t be en&a&in& in acti'ities t%at %a'e not%in&

at a## to do wit% yo"r &oa#s )oin& t%in&s t%at are neit%er im$ortant nor "r&ent does not

make sense

*ot &mportant 5ut %rgent

En&a&in& in tasks t%at are "r&ent b"t not rea##y im$ortant is a $otentia##y dan&ero"s

be%a'io"r Ima&in& .ee#in& r"s%ed and $ress"red to &et somet%in& done w%i#e yo" t%ink

abo"t %ow "se#ess t%e task rea##y is Ad'ertisers #o'e takin& ad'anta&e o. o"r nat"ra#

tendency to act on "r&ency -%ey te## "s to b"y now and sa'eS4 or to s%o$ soon t%ere

are on#y a .ew days #e.tS4 -%e "n.ort"nate tendency is to misinter$ret "r&ency .or

im$ortance B"t t%ere is a sim$#e so#"tion to t%is $rob#em I. yo" are .ee#in& %"rried,

sto$ .or a moment and ask t%e .o##owin& 3"estion@ G%at wo"#d be t%e conse3"ences to

me i. I dont do t%is -%e answer to t%is 3"estion wi## $"t t%e acti'ities im$ortance and

"r&ency into $ers$ecti'e Ur&ency %as a $ersona# dimension and it is cr"cia# t%at we

"nderstand to w%om t%e "r&ency rea##y a$$#ies O.ten, t%e conse3"ences to yo" are so

sma## t%at it seems ridic"#o"s to contin"e to do t%e acti'ity

+mportant ut ot

Urgent

+mportant and Urgent

ot +mprtant nor

Urgent

ot +mportant ut

Urgent

+mportance

Urgency

&mportant 5ut *ot %rgent

-%e acti'ities t%at .a## into t%is 3"adrant tend to be tricky "ite o.ten we $"t o.. "nti#


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tomorrow a 'ery im$ortant acti'ity on#y to en&a&e in somet%in& #ess im$ortant and more

"r&ent Lets be %onest, one o. t%e most im$ortant acti'ities st"dents .ace is st"dyin& .or

eams t%ro"&% re&"#ar re'iews, b"t %ow many st"dents do it wit% #ots o. time to s$are

-%e 'ery best time to start st"dyin& .or a .ina# eam is t%e .irst day o. c#ass, b"t many

st"dents .ind a t%ird re6r"n o. a sit"ation comedy on te#e'ision more com$e##in& Its

yo"r c%oice to make as to w%ic% 3"adrant to be in, b"t be s"re o. yo"r reasons .or doin&

w%at yo" do

&mportant nd %rgent

Acti'ities t%at are bot% "r&ent and

im$ortant are readi#y acted on by most

st"dents In t%is 3"adrant we .ind t%in&s

#ike st"dyin& .or eams a .ew days be.ore

c#ass, ty$in& "$ a ma


52/114

becomes "r&ent makes #ess and #ess sense as somet%in& becomes more im$ortant -ake

.or instance two rea#6#i.e eam$#esT .inancia# $#annin& and marria&e Go"#d it make any

sense to be&in yo"r retirement sa'in&s $#an a .ew weeks be.ore yo" t"rn 8, or %ow

abo"t tryin& to &et to know yo"r .iancVe a .ew days be.ore &ettin& married -%ese two

eam$#es dis$#ay %ow stran&e it seems to try to cram mont%s and years o. acti'ities into a

.ew days Not on#y wo"#d yo" retire wit%o"t eno"&% money to #i'e, b"t yo" wo"#d marry

a 'irt"a# stran&er I. t%ese eam$#es make sense to yo", yo" wi## rea#iCe %ow .oo#is% it is

to try to cram yo"r st"dies too

$ffectiveness and $fficiency

Let yo"r ima&ination wander .or a moment and ima&ine t%at yo" are t%e director o. an

e$edition o. e$#orers makin& yo"r way t%ro"&% dense


53/114

comple( and involved you will recogni-e

that the .night efore approach will fail!

+t ecomes more and more difficult to do

an entire term paper at the last minute!

ec#aimin& we m"st contin"e this way4 -%e b"s%w%ackin& &"ide %earin& t%is t"rns and

a$$roac%es t%e two o. yo" .rom t%e .ront +e &aCes to t%e nort%6east momentari#y and

ec#aims -%at(s t%e densest


54/114

e..ecti'eness and e..iciency

Let(s consider eac% in t"rn

%nimportant 'hings -one Poorly ;0ow $ffectiveness< 0ow $fficiency

emember t%e e$edition yo" were on )oin& "nim$ortant t%in&s $oor#y wo"#d be


55/114

Done 0oorly

+mportant Things

Done 0oorly

'fficiency

'ffectiveness

%nimportant 'hings -one 2ell ; 0ow $ffectiveness< +igh $fficiency

Ge a## #ike to recei'e con&rat"#ations .or a


56/114

yo" %a'e &one o'er t%e materia#

eno"&% to be so .ami#iar wit% it

t%at, come test time, yo" aren(t

."mb#in& aro"nd wit% t%e

conce$ts, drawin& b#anks and

r"nnin& o"t o. time

Plannin$ and Shedulin$

*o .ar we %a'e disc"ssed t%e im$ortance o. knowin& w%at to do and w%en Ge %a'e

disc"ssed t%e im$ortance o. settin& &oa#s and knowin& %ow to break t%em down into

sma##er, more mana&eab#e acti'ities -%en we c%a##en&ed yo" to t%ink abo"t t%ese

acti'ities in terms o. im$ortance and "r&ency, e..ecti'eness

and e..iciency, and Pareto(s Princi$#e -%e net section

a##ows yo" to take a## o. yo"r wonder."# %o$es, as$irations

and dreams and make t%em %a$$en +ow *im$#eS

emember %ow we disc"ssed im$ortance and "r&ency, and

we said t%at we can &et side6tracked by t%e "r&ent and

"nim$ortant t%in&s Ge##, in t%e .o##owin& $a&es yo" wi##

#earn a ste$6by6ste$ met%od o. %ow to &et contro# o'er yo"r

time and kee$ it By #earnin& to "se a str"ct"red, detai#ed $#anner #ike t%e one "sed in

t%is $ro&ram, yo"(## be de'e#o$in& a set o. ski##s t%at yo" wi## carry wit% yo" w%ere'er

yo" &o, e'en #on& a.ter yo" &rad"ate *o, #et(s &et started 6 s%a## we

Paretos Priority Pu==ler

It(s 3"iC time at t%e Learnin& *ki##s Pro&ramme

=i'e Pareto(s $riority $"CC#er a try and see %ow we##

yo" do -%e 3"estion is@ 1hat percenta$e of wa+in$


57/114

time does the avera$e university student spend on

important tas+s2

-%e s"r$risin& answer to t%is 3"estion can be

.o"nd at t%e end o. t%is doc"ment

Thou$ht %or the da!)

Time flies whether you

wastefully spend it on

frivolous things, or

whether you carefully

invest it in your goals!

No one rea##y wants to be t%e kind o. $erson t%at wastes 90W o. t%eir time Most o. "s

set o"t to "se time e..ecti'e#y, b"t %ow many o. "s "se met%ods t%at we know wi## work

Now i. yo" are not com$#ete#y con.ident in yo"r $resent a$$roac%, yo" wi## want to

ens"re t%at t%e too#s yo" c%oose wi## b"i#d t%e ."t"re yo" want Ge are &oin& to

introd"ce yo" to 7 too#sT a Mont%#y P#anner, a Geek#y Ob


58/114

meetin& Or w%en t%e t"ition .ees were d"e Or w%en yo"r 'acations are o" can

ima&ine t%e c%aosS Ima&ine i. yo" sto$$ed $#annin& in a## t%e ot%er areas o. yo"r #i.e as

we## Or worse, ima&ine w%at t%e wor#d wo"#d be #ike i. e'eryone sto$$ed $#annin&

Now wit% t%is ima&e in mind, consider %ow m"c% e..ecti'e $#annin& yo" are a#ready

doin& It s%o"#d be ob'io"s t%at yo" are a#ready doin& 3"ite a bit etra o" mi&%t not

%a'e rea##y t%o"&%t abo"t it as $#annin&, b"t it is $#annin& nonet%e#ess -%e amo"nt o.

$#annin& t%at yo" %a'e done "$ "nti# now %as res"#ted direct#y in yo"r $resent state

Now, &i'en t%e ass"m$tion t%at yo" wo"#d #ike to im$ro'e yo"r time mana&ement

abi#ities we are &oin& to ask yo" to do more $#annin& A.ter some $ractice yo" wi## .ind

t%at t%is ad'anced $#annin& wi## become as common $#ace and e..ort#ess as yo"r re&"#ar

$#annin& 6 ece$t t%at yo"r res"#ts wi## be 'ery di..erent Ima&ine ne'er .or&ettin& an

im$ortant task or date, or ima&ine t%e con.idence t%at yo" wi## .ee# knowin& t%at yo"

"nderstand a## t%e materia# in a co"rse or #ect"re, or better yet, ima&ine knowin&

e'eryt%in& yo" need to know .or an eam 6 and knowin& t%at yo" know it o" mi&%t

t%ink t%at t%is is $ie in t%e sky b"t not on#y is it $ossib#e, it is rea#istic w%en yo" %a'e a

we## t%o"&%t o"t $#an

'he Monthly Planner

-%e mont%#y $#anner is somet%in& t%at many st"dents "se In addition to t%e days o.

t%e week and mont% are minima# markin& st"dents add on, s"c% as d"e dates .or

assi&nments and essays, a#on&side dates o. tests and eams, and im$ortant a$$ointments,

anni'ersaries, birt%days, %o#idays, 'acations and so on

-o e$#oit its ."## $otentia# as a $#annin& too# it(s im$ortant to rea#iCe t%at t%e mont%#y

$#anner is t%at it can %e#$ "s mana&e o"r #ar&e &oa#s and t%e sma##er s"b6&oa#s t%at we

%a'e di'ided t%ese #ar&er &oa#s into Once we %a'e estab#is%ed o"r #ar&er &oa#s and

broken t%em down into sma##er ob


59/114

to record im$ortant mi#estones a#on& t%e way between now and t%e e$ected com$#etion

date o. t%e &oa#s In t%is way t%e mont%#y $#anner becomes a too# .or trackin& t%e

$ro&ress o. a## o. o"r im$ortant $ro


60/114

;@:0610@:0am

5om$#ete

re'iew o. 1st

%a#. o. second

terms work

5om$#ete

re'iew

$rob#ems and

$ractice test

Microeconomics

Eam -odayS

5om$#ete

re'iew o. 1st

terms work

+a#.6way

t%ro"&% termS

B"sy st"dyin&, dont

waste timeS

a re'iew o. t%e .irst %a#. o. t%e second term(s work, and to com$#ete t%e re'iew $rob#ems

and $ractice test t%at yo"r $ro.essor %anded o"t in c#ass As we## yo" mi&%t make notes

o. %ow .ar a#on& in t%e term yo" are as a moti'ationa# aid or warnin&s o. %ow b"sy

certain times wi## be to assist yo" in $#annin& t%e amo"nt o. work yo" take on I. yo"

wo"#d #ike to take t%is o$$ort"nity to .i## o"t yo"r own mont%#y $#anner, a b#ank one %as

been $ro'ided in t%e back o. t%is $acka&e

2eekly .bjectives 0ist

-%e week#y ob


61/114

and t%en ."rt%er into s$eci.ic acti'ities .or t%e week -%e im$ortance o. t%ese ste$s

cannot be o'erem$%asiCed@ by #istin& o"t o"r s$eci.ic acti'ities, we can more acc"rate#y

estimate time re3"ired .or t%em and so better $#an o"r time

Let(s say .or eam$#e t%at one o. yo"r &oa#s .or t%e year was to maintain yo"r %ono"rs

standin& and t%at yo" %ad a series o. eams comin& "$ inc#"din& one .or .irst year

Introd"ctory Microeconomics o" mi&%t set an ob


62/114

week#y $#anner to be sc%ed"#ed Now wo"#d be a &ood time to record yo"r ob


63/114

Economics Eam

com$#ete readin&sQre'iew notes

$ractice $rob#ems .rom c%a$ter

re$rod"ce &ra$%s .rom memory

$ara&ra$%s to inter$ret &ra$%s

se#ect main conce$ts

: %rs

1 %r

2 %rs

1 %r

1 %r

*o, to &i'e yo" an idea o. %ow yo" mi&%t &o abo"t sc%ed"#in& t%ese acti'ities,

consider t%e .irst acti'ity, 5om$#ete readin&s and re'iew notes4 -%is t%ree %o"r

acti'ity co"#d be $#aced a#most anyw%ere in t%e ear#y $art o. t%e week, say on Monday or

-"esday and it co"#d be in, say, two ;0 min"te b#ocks or a## in one t%ree %o"r b#ock,

de$endin& on yo"r $re.erences ?or demonstration $"r$oses, we %a'e decided to "se t%e

time on -"esday between 10 am and 1 $m ?or t%e net acti'ity, se#ect main

conce$ts4 we re3"ire a one %o"r b#ock o. time Gednesday at ; am seems #ike a &ood

$otentia# time .or t%is one O"r t%ird acti'ity, Prob#ems .rom back o. c%a$ter4 mi&%t be

sc%ed"#ed, by yo" ear#y birds, on ?riday mornin& between 9 and 10 am -%e .ina# two

acti'ities co"#d be sc%ed"#ed on t%e weekend as s%own

2eekly Planner

Monday -"esday Gednesday -%"rsday ?riday *at"rday *"nday

9@00am

;@00am

Noon

11@00am


64/114

10@00am

1@00$m

Gork O"t Gork O"t Gork O"t

Nat"ra#

*cience@

Astronomy

1H7008 L"nc% wit%

5%ris

Microeconomics

1

10000:

-%e 5#assica#

E$erience

110008

Iss"es in

+istory

100008

5om$#ete

readin&s

R

re'iew

notes

*e#ect main

conce$ts

Prob#ems

.rom back o.

c%a$ter

e$rod"ce


65/114

&ra$%s .rom

memory

Grite

$ara&ra$%s

to inter$ret

t%em

I. we ret"rn to t%e week#y

ob


66/114

A &ood time to sc%ed"#e is be.ore t%e week be&ins and it is im$ortant to constr"ct a

$#an .or t%e entire week -%e most im$ortant reason .or $#annin& t%is way is t%at by

%a'in& a $#an #aid o"t .or t%e comin& week yo" maintain reasonab#e contro# o'er yo"r

time E'en wit% "ne$ected occ"rrences t%at can im$act yo"r sc%ed"#e yo" assist

yo"rse#. in makin& decisions t%at are &o'erned by yo"r desire to reac% yo"r &oa#s

Git%o"t "sin& a sc%ed"#e yo" may be

&o'erned by yo"r moment6to6moment

moods w%ic% may #ead yo" to make

time decisions t%at take yo" away .rom

yo"r &oa#s A &reat dea# o. time is

sa'ed by "sin& a week#y $#anner On

t%e s%ort r"n yo" a'oid t%e wasta&e o.

time t%at comes .rom constant#y

%a'in& to ree'a#"ate w%at to do net

As we##, yo" re#ie'e yo"r mind o. t%e

res$onsibi#ity .or or&aniCin& and

rememberin& a## yo"r tasks, a##owin&

yo"rse#. to .oc"s intent#y on t%e work

yo" want to accom$#is% On t%e #on&

r"n yo" sa'e time by ens"rin& t%at on

a dai#y basis yo" are makin& decisions

abo"t yo"r time "se t%at wi## #ead yo"

ste$6by6ste$ towards yo"r $ersona#

&oa#s a'oidin& t%e $it.a##s o.

c%ronica##y misdirectin& yo"r time and


67/114

2eekly .bjectives 0ist

*c%ed"#ed

10W6200W

Acti'ity -ime Estimate 5om$#eted

com$#ete readin&sQre'iew notes

$ractice $rob#ems .rom c%a$ter

re$rod"ce &ra$%s .rom memory

$ara&ra$%s to inter$ret &ra$%s

se#ect main conce$ts

: %rs

1 %r

2 %rs

1 %r

1 %r

*ut I %eel +ramped( b! lots o% shedules&

Is there an! other "a! that I an $et similar

results "ithout "orr!in$ about eah

minute?

Sure1 The purpose of scheduling is not to


68/114

enslave you to your planner, ut rather to

indicate when certain things should happen!

Many students find, for various reasons, that

their scheduled activities do not occur the way

that they were planned! An alternative

method would e to keep a to2do list

structured in order of priority! The list would

contain the most important and urgent 3e

careful here4 activities in your weekly

o5ectives list! +f you do not have many

urgent activities, the fall ack tasks would e

the most important of the non2urgent

activities! 6eep the unimportant activities off

the list!

e..orts A.ter yo" %a'e taken t%e ste$ o. $#annin& yo"r time in a week#y $#anner, yo"r

net ste$s wi## be to $"t t%e $#an into action and #o& yo"r ac%ie'ements

As yo" en&a&e in t%e $rocess o. $#annin& re&"#ar#y yo" wi## soon notice t%at yo"

become more $ro.icient at it o" wi## make better time estimates o" may be ab#e to

red"ce or e'en e#iminate cost#y time interr"$tions o"(## &et more done in w%at seems

to be #ess time o"(## red"ce yo"r wasted time and yo" wi## become more con.ident in

yo"r abi#ity to ac%ie'e Now wo"#d be a &ood time to be&in .i##in& o"t yo"r week#y

$#anner .or t%e "$comin& week

'ime 'racking

One .ina# strate&y t%at we wo"#d #ike to recommend yo" "se is time trackin& Usin&

time trackin& once e'ery .ew mont%s wi## rea##y %e#$ yo" &et a c#ear sense o. w%ere yo"r

time is act"a##y &oin& -%e .orm "sed %ere #ooks


69/114

in re'erse Instead o. writin& t%in&s in t%at yo" are $#annin& to do, time #o&&in& is a

$rocess o. writin& down t%e t%in&s t%at yo" %a'e a#ready done )oin& t%is is sort o. a

&et6to6know6yo"rse#. eercise beca"se t%is $roced"re wi## %i&%#i&%t many o. yo"r %abits

*ome $eo$#e .ind t%at e'ery time t%ey $#an to do mat% %omework t%ey end "$ watc%in&

te#e'ision Ot%er $eo$#e


70/114

between t%e n"mber o. %o"rs yo" e$ected to "se in certain cate&ories and t%e act"a#

n"mber o. %o"rs yo" s$end I. yo" .ind t%at yo" s$end more time in one area t%an yo"

wanted, and #ess in anot%er, t%e week#y s"mmary o. time "se c#ear#y indicates w%ic%

acti'ities to red"ce to .ind t%e etra time yo" want .or t%at neected area o. yo"r #i.e

Lookin& back on t%e materia# yo" %a'e co'ered in t%is $resentation may &i'e yo" t%e

.ee#in& t%at t%ere is .ar too m"c% to remember and e'en more to do *ettin& &oa#s,

breakin& t%em down into mana&eab#e c%"nks, a##ocatin& t%ose c%"nks to s$eci.ic time

s#ots in yo"r sc%ed"#e, ens"rin& t%at yo" are workin& e..ecti'e#y on im$ortant tasks and

kee$in& yo"rse#. on track may seem #ike more work t%an it is wort% -o kee$ t%e amo"nt

o. work in'o#'ed in $ers$ecti'e, remember t%at yo"r &oa# settin& wi## take considerab#e

time B"t once yo"r &oa#s are set, yo"r $#annin& .or t%e net week s%o"#d take yo" no

more t%an an %o"r or so

It is o.ten said t%at one %o"r s$ent $#annin& sa'es se'era# %o"rs o. acti'ity abo'e and

beyond t%e %o"r s$ent $#annin& -%is is tr"e beca"se o. o"r tendency .or a## t%e t%in&s

t%at %a'e a#ready been mentioned, #ike a #ack o. .oc"s, distraction, $rocrastination and

"ncertainty Once yo"r week is $#anned yo" wi## e$erience c#arity o. .oc"s, yo"r

tendency to be distracted wi## be red"ced and yo" wi## be certain o. yo"r reasons .or

doin& t%e t%in&s yo" %ad $#anned

G%en t%e net week starts yo" wi## be ab#e to mo'e toward yo"r &oa#s immediate#y

In t%is state yo" wi## be m"c% more com.ortab#e and ca$ab#e o. dea#in& wit% time s%i.ts

In t%e net section we wi## be&in an in'esti&ation into some "ni3"e c%a##en&es t%at yo"

.ace as a st"dent

2eekly "ummary of 'ime %se

*t"dy Gork -J

?ami#yQ


71/114

*ocia#

*#ee$ Eatin& 5omm"te Ot%er

Monday

Gednesday

-"esday

?riday

*at"rday

-%"rsday

*"nday

)i..erence

Act"a#

E$ected

Time Shi%ts

+a'e yo" e'er t%o"&%t o. t%e amo"nt o. time yo" s$end waitin& in #ine6"$s,

comm"tin&, waitin& .or yo"r net c#ass to start, or on t%e te#e$%one I. yo" e'er want a

wake6"$ ca## try to ca#c"#ate it .or yo"rse#. o" may a#ready %a'e a sense o. t%is i.

yo"('e tracked yo"r time A.ter a w%i#e, t%e .ew min"tes %ere and t%ere amo"nt to days,

mont%s and e'en years *ince we a## .ind o"rse#'es in t%ese sit"ations at one time or

anot%er we s%o"#d care."##y consider o"r "se o. t%is time Eac% time s%i.t #isted be#ow

contains its "ni3"e c%a##en&es, and we $resent yo" wit% some rea##y interestin& o$tions

-%ese o$tions, i. "sed wi## trans$ort yo" .rom yo"r $resent state o. time mana&ement to a

w%o#e new #e'e# o. e..ecti'eness

0ine;ups

)id yo" know t%at, o'er

t%e co"rse o. yo"r #i.e, yo"

wi## s$end a$$roimate#y 9


72/114

years waitin& in #ines It(s

tr"eS At t%e #ibrary c%ecko"t,

waitin& .or t%e b"s,

waitin& .or t%e #i&%t to t"rn

&reen at an intersection,

b"yin& tickets, and e'en at

am"sement $arks yo" .ind

yo"rse#. starin& mind#ess#y

at t%e back o. someone

e#se(s %eadS G%y -%ink

o. w%at yo" co"#d be

doin& I. yo" carried

aro"nd a book or some

$%otoco$ied readin&s yo"

co"#d be acti'e#y en&a&in&

yo"r brain in somet%in& interestin& and ecitin& -a$e cassettes o. yo"r #ect"res are idea#

ways to .i## times #ike t%ese, and t%e re'iew wi## $ro.o"nd#y aid yo"r reca## come eam

time G%i#e some $eo$#e in t%e #ine &et .r"strated and #ea'e, and ot%ers wait

"n$rod"cti'e#y, yo" wi## be e$andin& yo"r mind and enric%in& yo"r ed"cation in w%at

is norma##y considered wasted time

Commuting

Ima&ine, most Nort% Americans s$end between 1 and 2 %o"rs comm"tin& .rom %ome

to work or sc%oo# e'ery day I. yo" comm"te, yo" wi## $robab#y .ind to 10 %o"rs o.

yo"r week taken "$ in a car, b"s or s"bway In one year, yo"r comm"te works o"t to

between 20 and 00 %o"rs Ima&ine w%at it wo"#d be #ike o'er t%e co"rse o. 7 years I.


73/114

yo" st"dy w%i#e yo" comm"te yo" co"#d in'est "$ to 2000 %o"rs in yo"r ed"cation

-%at(s e3"i'a#ent to attendin& a## o. t%e re3"ired #ect"res in e'ery co"rse o. a 76year

"ni'ersity de&ree Im$ressi'eS Ima&ine w%at yo"r &rades wo"#d be #ike Now, some

readers mi&%t say Ge##, I(d #o'e to &et &rades #ike t%at, b"t I


74/114

readin& done o" .ind a seat

take yo"r book, o$en it "$ and

be&in readin& )e$endin& on

w%ere yo" sat /1, 2 or :, w%at

%a$$ens net can be 3"ite

di..erent

1 In t%e st"dent centre yo"

e$erience a de#"&e o. si&%t and so"nd distractions *ome .ew st"dents may be ab#e to

read %ere, b"t .or t%e ma


75/114

yo" be&in daydreamin& and

yo"r 3"a#ity readin& time &oes

o"t t%e window

: In a 3"iet st"dy area in t%e

#ibrary, yo" .ind yo"r se#. seated amon& ot%ers w%o are a#so readin& 3"iet#y -%e si&%t

and so"nd distractions are most#y se$arated .rom t%e readin& area +ere is an area w%ere

yo" .ee# yo" can rea##y &et some work done -%e %o"r $asses wit% .ew distractions and

t%e readin& &oes smoot%#y By t%e end o. t%e %o"r, yo" may .ind t%at yo"('e

accom$#is%ed m"c% more readin& t%an yo" t%o"&%t $ossib#e

&nterruptions

+a'e yo" e'er sat down to st"dy, and not two min"tes #ater somet%in& #ike t%is

%a$$ens

7+", 7+"

You) 8ello9

Your ,riend) 8i :your name here;, its :your friends name here; whatcha

doing9

You) #h, + 5ust sat down with a highlighter and a hot pile of notes! +ve got

some stuff here that + dont # 'he areas near the entrance to the library can be full

of sight and sound distractions

Figure 9# number of ?uiet study areas can often be found1

"earch for a place where you feel comfortable and productive1

Your ,riend) /ell, +ll tell you what! My oss 5ust gave me two tickets to

tonights game! Third row1 7ight aove the dugout1 /haddaya say9

Or maybe yo" .ind somet%in& #ike t%is occ"rrin& more o.ten t%an yo" wo"#d #ike

6#)6, 6#)6


76/114

You) )ome in!!!

Your little sister 3those of you with little rothers can proaly come up with

a few hundred thousand e(amples of your own4= :your name here; look

what mom ought me1 A arie2doll 5ust like the one in the movie1 /anna

see9

Or $er%a$s, somet%in& #ike t%is

Your %ather) :your name here; get your head out of the ook there lad and

come take a look at this! Theyve got some guy on the news that theyre

taking off to 5ail for watering his lawn in a rain storm1 )an you elieve that1

)ome on, youre gonna miss it1

G%ate'er t%e case may be, yo" are interr"$ted o"r train o. t%o"&%t %as been

derai#ed and &ettin& back on track co"#d be di..ic"#t -%ere are a .ew t%in&s t%at yo" can

do to minimiCe t%e im$act on yo"r st"dy time

&irst of all, try to find a place where it is difficult for people to find you!

That way you are more likely to have longer periods of interruption2free

work! +f you cant find a hideout, consider an attention getting sign on

your door 2 >Developing photographs 2 please do not distur? might e a

kind sign that will work!

Tell the person interrupting that you are studying and that you really need

to continue! Some people are considerate of this and will volunteer to

come ack or call later! +f this is the case, recommend a time when you

know you will e free!

As you are interrupted, stand up and remain standing! Stand2up

interruptions are usually much shorter than sit2down ones! /hen you

stand make sure that you mention how important it is that you continue

your study uninterrupted! Ask them if you could ecome involved with


77/114

their re"st kee$ tryin&

di..erent a$$roac%es "nti# yo" .ind a .ew t%at work .or yo" -%e $ayo..s o'er t%e co"rse

o. yo"r #i.e wi## asto"nd yo"

-onlusion

At t%e be&innin& o. yo"r &rand to"r o. time we asked yo" .o"r 3"estions, and

t%ro"&%o"t t%is %ando"t yo" %a'e be&"n to answer t%em Be&innin& wit% t%e ass"m$tion

t%at yo" need to take res$onsibi#ity .or yo"r time "se, t%e .irst 3"estion, +ave you set

your goals: can be s"mmed "$ wit% t%e idea t%at t%at one o. t%e most im$ortant t%in&s

yo" can do is to know w%at yo"r &oa#s are Now t%at yo" %a'e t%o"&%t abo"t &oa#s, t%e

second 3"estion, 2hat is your time perspective: c#ari.ies %ow im$ortant it is to decide

to do acti'ities t%at #ead toward yo"r &oa#s rat%er t%an away .rom t%em -%e t%ird

3"estion was 2hat sort of planning is involved: o" #earned %ow to de'e#o$ and "se a

system o. str"ct"rin& yo"r c%osen acti'ities in time wit% t%e week#y and mont%#y

$#anners and t%e week#y ob


78/114

G%at yo" %a'e $robab#y disco'ered is t%at yo" are ready to take yo"rse#. on yo" own

&rand to"r o. time, and t%at to do so yo" wi## need to &o t%ro"&% t%e ste$s o. time

mana&ement a&ain and a&ain A## t%e w%i#e yo" wi## im$ro'e yo"r system, and a## t%e

w%i#e yo" wi## mo'e toward t%e ac%ie'ement o. yo"r &oa#s

.ns"er to Pareto(s Priorit! Pu//ler

@9 2 no

B9 2 8ah1 Couve got to e kidding right9 +f students spent B of their

time doing effective and important things do you think we would e sitting

here right now talking aout time management9

E9 2 no

F9 2 ot


79/114

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80/114

5OMMU-IN=18

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&ndex

C

comm"tin&H, 18

E

e..ecti'enessSee time $ers$ecti'e

e..iciencySee time $ers$ecti'e

!

&oa#s 1, 2, :, 7, 8, H, ;, 10, 11, 1:, 1, 20

#on& term &oa#s 2

s%ort term &oa#s 1, 2

s"b6&oa#s 2, :, ;, 10

I

im$ortanceSee time $ers$ecti'e

2


81/114

time #o&9

week#y ob


82/114

'ools to help you plan

-%e .o##owin& too#s wi## enab#e yo" to $#an across an entire st"dy $eriod or on a

%o"r#yQweek#y basis

'he "tudy Period Planner

One o. t%is most e..ecti'e ways to %e#$ yo" st"dy s"ccess."##y is to kee$ on track o. w%en a##

yo"r assessment tasks are d"e -%is &i'es yo" a rea#istic o'er'iew o. t%e st"dy $eriod and

%e#$s yo" to $#an a%ead An easy way to ma$ a## yo"r commitments o'er t%e st"dy $eriod is

to "se a %a#. year#y or st"dy $eriod$#anner o" s%o"#d mark in@

t%e d"e dates .or a## yo"r assessment tasks, inc#"din& t%e 'a#"e o. eac% one toward t%e

.ina# &rade and t%e word #imit /co#o"r codin& eac% co"rse can be %e#$."#

any ma


83/114

do yo" st"dy better in t%e mornin& or #ate at ni&%t

do yo" need a 3"iet $#ace to st"dy

can yo" st"dy at %ome or do yo" need to tra'e# to t%e #ibrary

Many st"dents .ind t%is eercise s"r$risin& as it &i'es t%em a tota##y di..erent 'iew o. w%at

commitments t%ey %a'e and %ow b"sy t%eir days rea##y are It a#so &i'es t%em a c%ance to set

"$ some &oa#s to com$#ete t%e st"dy $eriod s"ccess."##y

&n conclusion

-ime mana&ement is a com$#e ski## G%en $#annin& time to st"dy, remember to work

towards a ba#ance between yo"r st"dy and ot%er commitments A#so remember to $"t yo"r

$#annerQs in a $#ace w%ere yo" wi## see itQt%em re&"#ar#y I. yo" do not %a'e eno"&% %o"rs in

t%e day to do w%at yo" need to do yo" s%o"#d re'iew yo"r week#y $#anner by considerin& t%e

.o##owin&@

Are yo" e$ectin& too m"c% o. yo"rse#.

+a'e yo" o'er6committed yo"rse#.

o" may need to red"ce, $ost$one or &i'e "$ an acti'ity to re6a##ocate t%is time to

st"dy

I. yo" re3"ire ."rt%er assistance, $#ease make an a$$ointmentwit% a co"nse##or in t%e

Learnin& and -eac%in& Unit on yo"r cam$"s
http://w3.unisa.edu.au/counsellingservices/contact/appointment.asphttp://w3.unisa.edu.au/counsellingservices/contact/appointment.asp


84/114

!eeral 4oa" A**$"et Data $ 1alay%$a ,(556 7 +8(8-

Year Population0ehiles

1e$istered0ehileInvolved

1oad 2en$th1oad

.idents1oad

-asualties1oad 3eaths

0ehile4"nershi5Person pe

vehicle6

GII@ H,IE,J E,BH,KJ@ HJ@,FK EH,HHG GEH,FIG @H,G@H @,JGH K!

GIIE HG,GEI, J,EBE,EBF KH@,IG@ EF,@GG GBI,GI @K,FJ@ E,KF H!B

GIIJ HG,EE@,E B,@@,FEI KJK,@HE EE,GB HG@,EKH @E,@JF E,KH H!@

GIIB HH,GJI,@ I,GFG,K@J KEE,IKH EE,JFG HGG,KJ @@,JF @,JF H!F

GIII HH,JGG,I I,IHI,I@G KI,EJF EJ,EI HHK,GEE @H,IKJ @,JIF H!K

H HK,HEK,E G,@IB,BF FFG,KBE EB,JJ H@,FHI @,H E,K@ H!H


85/114

HG HK,JI@,K GG,KH,@F@ FBK,K@G JF,HGJ HE@,GJ@ @,FJK @,BFI H!G

HH HF,@HE,@ GH,EB,GFF @J,II@ JF,EFG HJI,JGG FI,@@H @,BIG H!

HK H@,FB,K GH,BGI,HFB @@@,EKF JI,EEJ HIB,E@K @H,JFG E,HBE H!

HF H@,@B, GK,BHB,BBI @IE,@KK JG,BGF KHE,BG@ @F,IG E,HHB G!B

H@ HE,GK, G@,HE,EE @BG,GKE JG,BGF KHB,HEF FJ,GH E,H G!J

HE HE,EF, G@,JI,JKH EK@,HF JH,JBG KFG,H@H K@,FH@ E,HBJ G!J

HJ HJ,GJ, GE,BGK,IFK EEB,GJK JK,KH KEK,KGI KK,III E,HBH G!E

HB HJ,JK, GJ,IJG,IG EJG,JB JK,FGI KJK,JG KH,HJF E,@HJ G!@

HI HB,KG, GI,GE,JBH J@,EHK G,H KIJ,KK KG,FGJ E,JF@ G!@

HG HB,IG, H,GBB,@E@ JE,FKK GGG,KJB FGF,FHG HB,HEI E,BJH G!F


86/114

verview f Current

oad *a.ety *it"ation In Ma#aysia

./$!/&$2 .F C%!!$*'

!.- "F$' "&'%'&.* &* M0"&

Mohamad *i=am Mustafa

4i$hway Plannin$ 'nit

5oad Safety Section

Ministry of 1or+s

6alan Sultan Salahuddin

78798 !uala "umpur# Malaysia

5"'!C'

oad sa.ety %as #on& been considered as one o. socia# res$onsibi#ities to t%e

Ma#aysian =o'ernment In t%e 'isibi#ity o. t%is res$onsibi#ities, m"#ti$#es bodies


87/114

concern on road sa.ety %a'e been .ormed wit%in t%e &o'ernment de$artments, $ri'ate

a&encies and 'o#"ntary or&anisations -%e 5abinet 5ommittee o. oad *a.ety c%aired

by t%e Prime Minister %imse#. was .ormed by t%e =o'ernment A Nationa# oad

*a.ety P#an t%en was .orm"#ated to &i'e an attention to road sa.ety researc%

$ro&rammes, be%a'io"ra# modi.ication o. road "sers, road en&ineerin& and 'e%ic#e

sa.ety, medica# treatment and sa.ety administration

-%is $a$er attem$ts to re'iew t%e $resent stat"s o. road sa.ety in Ma#aysia wit%

s$ecia# re.erence to road sa.ety initiati'es carried o"t by t%e Ma#aysian =o'ernment

es$ecia##y t%e Ministry o. Gorks Ma#aysia -%e contents o. t%is $a$er wi## "ses an

o'er'iew o. $resent road accident statistic, nationa# road sa.ety tar&et, oad *a.ety

Pro&rammes by Ministry o. Gorks Ma#aysia, and disc"ssion o. ."t"re strate&ies to

red"ce tra..ic accident

Keyword@ oad sa.ety tar&et, accident rate, accident statistic

"''%" .F !.- CC&-$*'" &* M0"&

-ra..ic accidents in Ma#aysia %a'e been increasin& at t%e a'era&e rate o. ;HW $er

ann"m o'er t%e #ast t%ree /: decades /see ?i&1 5om$ared to t%e ear#ier days, tota#

n"mber o. road accidents %ad increased .rom 27,91 cases in 1;H7 to :29,287 cases in

200, reac%in& more t%an 1:W increase o. accident cases o'er :0 years -%e n"mber

o. .ata#ities /deat% wit%in :0 days a.ter accident a#so increased b"t at s#ower rate

com$ared to tota# road accident .rom 2,:0: in 1;H7 to 8,200 in 200 +owe'er t%e

"$ward trend o. .ata#ities dro$$ed in 1;;H a.ter Ma#aysia =o'ernment estab#is%ed a 6

year nationa# road sa.ety tar&et to red"ce road accident deat%s1by :0W by t%e year

2000

-%e increase o. road accidents is in #ink wit% t%e ra$id &rowt% in $o$"#ation,

economic in de'e#o$ment, ind"stria#isation and motorisation enco"ntered by t%e

co"ntry *ince 1;H0(s, Ma#aysia %ad e$erienced a remarkab#e &rowt% in t%ese


88/114


89/114

1;;0

1;;2

1;;7

1;;8

1;;9

2000

2002

2007

road accident

Figure 3# "tatistics !oad ccidents in Malaysia (8BBD)

Source* 5oyal Malaysian Police =P,5M>

)es$ite an increased in tra..ic accident and road .ata#ities, t%ere is a dro$ in deat% rate

/'a#"e o. deat% $er 10,000 re&istered 'e%ic#es By ."rt%er com$arin& t%e deat% rate

o'er t%e #ast .i'e / years, it s%ows t%at t%e deat% rate 'a#"e %as dro$$ed .rom 1H in

2001 to 71: in 200 *imi#ar#y d"rin& t%e same $eriod, accident deat% rate $er

100,000 $eo$#es %as a#so dro$$ed .rom 27: in 2001 to 2:H: in 200

O'er'iew O. 5"rrent


'able 3# ,eneral !oad ccident -ata in Malaysia (3E8G8BBD)

ear Population /ehicles

!egistered

/ehicles

&nvolved

!oad

0ength

(km)

!oad

ccidents


90/114

!oad

Casualties

!oad

-eaths

/ehicle

.wnership

1;H7 10,7:7,;2 1,0;0,2H; :;,08 11,181 27,91 1:,::2 2,:0: ;8

1;H 10,7:9,1:H 1,28H,11; H,8: 12,07: 79,2:: 1;,770 2,:1H 92

1;H8 10,7H2,77 1,72;,97 90,;; 12,:70 79,2;1 1;,:2H 2,70 H:

1;HH 10,H18,872 1,821,2H1 98,899 12,8:H 7,222 20,:0 2,12 88

1;H9 10,;77,00 1,92;,;9 ;1,122 1:,:;; 8,021 21,8; 2,81 80

1;H; 11,199,8:0 1,;9;,:;1 ;7,H99 1:,HH2 H,;:1 22,811 2,80H 8

1;90 11,772,098 2,:H,:98 ;;,79 17,778 ;,097 22,707 2,89 7;

1;91 17,129,:7 2,;01,192 10H,2 :1,89 8:,1;2 22,:0: 2,H8; 7;

1;92 17,08,9; :,278,H;0 128,7H7 :8,2:9 H7,0;8 22,920 :,288 7

1;9: 17,998,H; :,;7,;7: 1:;,008 70,887 H;,10 28,H :,0 71

1;97 1,7:H,89: :,;71,0:8 170,072 72,27 90,28 2,2 :,8:H :;

1;9 1,988,;2 7,27:,172 172,8: 7:,;;7 92,0; 27,927 :,80: :H

1;98 18,2H9,001 :,2:,8H7 1:H,1H 77,H00 H;,907 2:,2H :,22 78

1;9H 18,2H,;H: :,8H7,792 1:1,80; 77,2:; H8,992 21,78H :,:20 7

1;99 18,21,:00 :,98,H11 127,;22 77,729 H:,20 22,:9 :,:: 7:

1;9; 1H,:H8,900 7,1,1;H 12H,2H; 77,;2 H,828 :0,0:H :,HH: 72

1;;0 1H,912,000 7,7H,71H 178,H7H 0,9: 9H,;;; 2;,90 7,079 :;

1;;1 19,1H9,100 7,;72,070 181,92: ,:8H ;8,1: :0,10H 7,::1 :H

1;;2 19,808,000 ,2;,9:8 19,90 ;,H;8 119,7 :8,282 7,H :

1;;: 1;,00,000 ,88,0:H 220,;:; ;,H;8 1:,;; 71,898 7,888 :7

1;;7 1;,7;7,000 8,188,7:2 21,898 80,H:7 179,901 79,0: ,1; :2


91/114

1;; 20,0;8,H00 8,902,:H 2H,7:0 82,221 182,7;1 2,12 ,H12 :0

1;;8 21,18;,000 H,898,897 :2,;1 87,11 19;,10; :,7H 8,:07 29

1;;H 21,88,800 9,0,78; :H:,28 88,109 21,8:2 8,H7 8,:02 2

1;;9 22,1H;,00 ;,171,:H :88,;:2 88,H71 211,0:H ,H07 ,H70 27

1;;; 22,H11,;00 ;,;2;,;1 :;0,8H7 8H,08; 22:,188 2,;:H ,H;7 2:

2000 2:,28:,800 10,;9,907 771,:98 89,HH0 20,72; 0,200 8,0: 22

2001 2:,H;,:00 11,:02,7 79:,:1 H7,21H 28,1H 0,7H: ,97; 21

2002 27,28,00 12,089,177 0H,;; H7,871 2H;,H11 7;,2 ,9;1 20

200: 2,079,:00 12,91;,279 ,8:7 H;,88H 2;9,8: 2,H71 8,298 20

2007 2,90,000 1:,929,99; 6 H1,917 :28,91 7,0;1 8,229 19

200 28,1:0,000 1,028,880 6 H1,917 :29,287 7H,012 8,200 1H

*o"rce@ oya# Ma#aysian Po#ice 200

-%is .i&"re is re&arded as not re#iab#e ?i&"res .or 2007 and 200 %a'e not been

.ina#ised

6X no data a'ai#ab#e

O'er'iew O. 5"rrent


*'&.*0 !.- "F$' '!,$'

In 1;;0, -%e 5abinet 5ommittee o. oad *a.ety was .ormed to .orm"#ate a nationa#

road sa.ety tar&et in red"cin& road accident and .ata#ities -%e ear#ier tar&et was

estab#is%ed to monitor t%e rates o. .ata#ities d"e to tra..ic accident w%ic% is common#y

de.ined as deat% wit%in :0 days o. .o##owin& an accident $er 10,000 'e%ic#es: At t%at

time, an ear#ier nationa# road sa.ety tar&et7 was to red"ce deat%s rate to 7 tra..ic

accident deat%s $er 10,000 re&istered 'e%ic#es by t%e year 2010 -%is tar&et was based

on t%e statistica# mode# de'e#o$ed by oad *a.ety esearc% 5entre o. Uni'ersiti P"tra

Ma#aysia w%ic% $redicted ;,12H deat%s in year 2000 i. t%e tra..ic contin"ed to

increase at t%e contin"in& #inear &rowt% wit% 1;9; as its base year /see ?i& 2


92/114

0

1

2

:

7

8

H

9

;

10

1;H2

1;H:

1;H7

1;H

1;H8

1;HH

1;H9

1;H;

1;90

1;91

1;92

1;9:

1;97

1;9

1;98

1;9H

1;99

1;9;

1;;0


93/114

1;;1

1;;2

1;;:

1;;7

1;;

1;;8

1;;H

1;;9

1;;;

2000

ear

)eat%s /1000

Figure 8# Fatality Model and "afety 'arget in Malaysia

Source* 5adin 'mar 5.S. 'pdates of 5oad Safety Status in Malaysia#

'niversiti Putra Malaysia. 887

5om$ared to t%e nation(s sa.ety $er.ormance, t%e deat%s rate is sti## .ar be%ind ot%er

de'e#o$ed co"ntries, w%ic% is be#ow : deat%s $er 10,000 'e%ic#es +ence in 2001, t%e

nationa# road sa.ety tar&et to red"ce t%e deat% rate to 7 tra..ic accident deat%s $er

10,000 re&istered 'e%ic#es by t%e year 2010 was e

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