Upload
dinhquynh
View
222
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
With thanks for main content toWith thanks for main content toDr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEED-APDr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEED-AP
[email protected]@engr.uga.edu
…….meet the ASHRAE .meet the ASHRAE GreenGuideGreenGuide
Presented by Tim DwyerPresented by Tim DwyerChairman CIBSE ASHRAE GroupChairman CIBSE ASHRAE Group
Acting Head of Department, Department of Engineering SystemsActing Head of Department, Department of Engineering SystemsLondon South Bank UniversityLondon South Bank University
timdwyer@[email protected]
ASHRAEASHRAE’’s Sustainable Roadmaps Sustainable Roadmap
Integrating sustainabilityIntegrating sustainabilityprinciples into allprinciples into allappropriate publicationsappropriate publications
Actively participate withActively participate withinternationally recognizedinternationally recognizedbuilding sustainabilitybuilding sustainabilitygroups as appropriategroups as appropriate
Promote and providePromote and provideeducation on sustainabilityeducation on sustainability
Research Strategic PlanResearch Strategic Plan
Energy and ResourcesEnergy and Resources Indoor EnvironmentalIndoor Environmental
QualityQuality Tools and ApplicationsTools and Applications Equipment,Equipment,
Components, andComponents, andMaterialsMaterials
Education and OutreachEducation and Outreach
Journal ArticlesJournal Articles
2
Journal ArticlesJournal Articles Journal ArticlesJournal Articles
For an explanation of how lighting is treated in the office guide seewww.energycodes.gov/training/pdfs/webcast_adv_lighiting_lane.pdf
Advanced Energy Design GuidesAdvanced Energy Design Guides
Documents that go 30%, 50%, and 70%Documents that go 30%, 50%, and 70%above Standard 90.1-1999above Standard 90.1-1999
New Buildings (30%)New Buildings (30%)-- Small Office Buildings - publishedSmall Office Buildings - published-- Small Retail Small Retail –– published published-- K-12 SchoolsK-12 Schools-- WarehouseWarehouse-- Highway LodgingHighway Lodging
From From ‘‘SustainabilitySustainability’’ to to ‘‘GreenGreen’’
‘‘SustainabilitySustainability’’ is a simple and good general is a simple and good generaldefinition when is applied to planet Earth,definition when is applied to planet Earth,however, it is difficult to apply the concept, in ahowever, it is difficult to apply the concept, in ameaningful way, to an individual earthlymeaningful way, to an individual earthlycomponent such as a buildingcomponent such as a building
ASHRAE focused on ASHRAE focused on ““greengreen”” buildings buildings and so the and so the GreenGuide GreenGuide was developedwas developed
-- specifically directed toward practitioners.specifically directed toward practitioners.
3
But why bother with aBut why bother with aGreenGuideGreenGuide??
Doing the right Doing the right thingthing RegulationsRegulations Lowering ownership costsLowering ownership costs Increased productivityIncreased productivity Filling a design needFilling a design need
But why bother with aBut why bother with aGreenGuideGreenGuide??
Doing the Right ThingDoing the Right Thing
The motivations and reasons for implementingThe motivations and reasons for implementinggreen buildings are diverse but can be condensedgreen buildings are diverse but can be condensedinto essentially wanting to do the right thing tointo essentially wanting to do the right thing toprotect the earthprotect the earth’’s resources. For some, a wakeups resources. For some, a wakeupcall occurred in 1973 with the oil embargo call occurred in 1973 with the oil embargo –– and andwith it a realization that there may be a need towith it a realization that there may be a need tomanage our planetmanage our planet’’s finite resources.s finite resources.
RegulationsRegulations
Society has recognized that previous industrial andSociety has recognized that previous industrial anddevelopmental actions caused long-term damage to ourdevelopmental actions caused long-term damage to ourenvironment, resulting in loss of food sources and plantenvironment, resulting in loss of food sources and plantand animal species, and changes to the earthand animal species, and changes to the earth’’s climate. Ass climate. Asa result of learning from past mistakes and studying thea result of learning from past mistakes and studying theenvironment, the international community identified certainenvironment, the international community identified certainactions that threaten our ecosystemactions that threaten our ecosystem’’s bio-diversitys bio-diversity——andandconsequently it developed several governmentalconsequently it developed several governmentalregulations designed to protect our environment. Thus, inregulations designed to protect our environment. Thus, inthis sense, the green design initiative began with thethis sense, the green design initiative began with theimplementation of building regulations. An example is theimplementation of building regulations. An example is theregulated phasing out of chlorofluorocarbons.regulated phasing out of chlorofluorocarbons.
4
Lowering Ownership CostsLowering Ownership Costs
Green design is lowering the total cost ofGreen design is lowering the total cost ofownership in terms of resource management andownership in terms of resource management andenergy efficiency.energy efficiency.-- controlling site storm water for use in irrigationcontrolling site storm water for use in irrigationincorporating energy efficiency measures in HVACincorporating energy efficiency measures in HVACdesigndesign- developing maintenance strategies to ensure- developing maintenance strategies to ensurecontinued high-level building performance.continued high-level building performance.
Increased ProductivityIncreased Productivity
Recognition of increased productivity from aRecognition of increased productivity from abuilding that is comfortable and enjoyable andbuilding that is comfortable and enjoyable andprovides healthy conditions.provides healthy conditions.Comfortable occupants are less distracted, able toComfortable occupants are less distracted, able tofocus better on their tasks/activities, andfocus better on their tasks/activities, andappreciate the physiological benefits good greenappreciate the physiological benefits good greendesign provides.design provides.
Filling A Design NeedFilling A Design Need
There are increasing numbers of building ownersThere are increasing numbers of building ownersand developers asking for green design services.and developers asking for green design services.There is considerable business for designThere is considerable business for designprofessionals who can master the principles ofprofessionals who can master the principles ofgreen design and provide leadership in this.green design and provide leadership in this.
ASHRAEASHRAE’’s Green Designs Green Design
aware of and respects nature and the naturalaware of and respects nature and the naturalorder of thingsorder of things
a green building is one that achieves higha green building is one that achieves highperformance, over the full life cycle, in theperformance, over the full life cycle, in thefollowing areasfollowing areas-- minimal consumption of non-renewable andminimal consumption of non-renewable and
depletable depletable natural resourcesnatural resources-- minimal atmospheric emissionsminimal atmospheric emissions-- minimal discharge of harmful wastesminimal discharge of harmful wastes
including those from demolition of the buildingincluding those from demolition of the building
-- minimal negative impacts on site ecosystemsminimal negative impacts on site ecosystems
5
ASHRAE Green Guide ASHRAE Green Guide –– Overview Overview
Content: Three Basic Sections
Basics(Chapters 1 – 2)
Design Process(Chapters 3– 16)
Post Design
ASHRAE Green GuideASHRAE Green GuideThe Design ProcessThe Design Process
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 –– Commissioning Commissioning-- Why is this the 3Why is this the 3rdrd chapter in the book? chapter in the book?-- Phases of CommissioningPhases of Commissioning
Preliminary
Design Construction
Acceptance
ContinuousCommissioning
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 3 - CommissioningChapter 3 - Commissioning
Commissioning models (who is in charge?)Commissioning models (who is in charge?)-- Design team?Design team?-- General contractor?General contractor?-- Individual contractors (mechanical, electrical)?Individual contractors (mechanical, electrical)?-- Third party?Third party?
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 3 - CommissioningChapter 3 - Commissioning
…Pages 51-52
6
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 3 - CommissioningChapter 3 - Commissioning
How is commissioning done locally?How is commissioning done locally?Effectiveness?Effectiveness?
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 4 Chapter 4 –– Architectural Design Architectural Design
LinkingArchitectural
Design toEngineering
SiteSite Form / Function/Form / Function/
GeometryGeometry
EnvelopeEnvelope-- ThermalThermal-- MoistureMoisture-- LightLight
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 4 Chapter 4 –– Architectural Design Architectural Design
DescriptionDescription High PerformanceHigh Performance
StrategiesStrategies Elements of CostElements of Cost Sources of FurtherSources of Further
InformationInformation
General Organization
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 4 Chapter 4 –– Architectural Design Architectural Design
High PerformanceHigh PerformanceStrategiesStrategies-- Safety, InfectionSafety, Infection
ControlControl-- EnergyEnergy-- Occupant ComfortOccupant Comfort
7
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 4 Chapter 4 –– Architectural Design Architectural Design
EnergyEnergy Occupant ComfortOccupant Comfort
CostCost-- FiltrationFiltration-- Heat RecoveryHeat Recovery
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 5 Chapter 5 –– Early Stages Early Stages
Design to Construction Time Line
Program
PredesignSchematic
Design
Design
Development
Construction
Documents
Construction
Management
Post-
Construction
Degree of Effort
Potential for
Sustainability
Impact of careful
selection of
Construction Team
Impact of
Commissioning
Design to Construction Time Line
Program
PredesignSchematic
Design
Design
Development
Construction
Documents
Construction
Management
Post-
Construction
Degree of Effort
Potential for
Sustainability
Impact of careful
selection of
Construction Team
Impact of
Commissioning
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 5 Chapter 5 –– Early Stages Early Stages
Setting Goals:Setting Goals:TraditionalTraditional-- Program, cost, schedule Program, cost, schedule ……
Green design projectGreen design project-- Energy (total, peak, renewable)Energy (total, peak, renewable)-- Water useWater use-- Materials (construction, occupancy)Materials (construction, occupancy)-- Occupant satisfaction, comfort, healthOccupant satisfaction, comfort, health-- LEED certification?LEED certification?
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 5 Chapter 5 –– Early Stages Early Stages
Integrated Building Design:Integrated Building Design:More on this later this sessionMore on this later this session
8
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 5 Chapter 5 –– Early Stages Early Stages
Building ModelingBuilding Modeling-- EnergyEnergy-- DaylightingDaylighting-- Building InformationBuilding Information
ModelingModeling
Page 96
2:00 P.M.
12:00 Noon
Daylight renderings from South-West corner of the buildinglooking North-East. Simulation for June 21.
Daylighting Modeling ExampleDaylighting Modeling Example
First order of business First order of business …… Reduce loads Reduce loads
The Design ProcessThe Design ProcessChapter 7 Chapter 7 –– Load Determination Load Determination
SiteSite GeometryGeometry EnvelopeEnvelope
-- ThermalThermal-- MoistureMoisture-- LightLight
Example of impact of higherbuilding thermal mass – Fig. 7-4
Daylight Harvesting Design: Key PointsDaylight Harvesting Design: Key Points
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 –– Load Determination Load Determination
Pages 132-134
9
Daylight Harvesting Design: Key PointsDaylight Harvesting Design: Key Points
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 –– Load Determination Load Determination
Daylight Harvesting Design: Key PointsDaylight Harvesting Design: Key Points
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 –– Load Determination Load Determination
Different Facades Require DifferentDifferent Facades Require DifferentDesign Strategies: Design Strategies: SouthSouth
South-facingSouth-facing-- Exposed to the sun all dayExposed to the sun all day-- Shade with overhangs to limitShade with overhangs to limit
overhead solar raysoverhead solar rays-- In hot climates, considerIn hot climates, consider
shading with fins to limitshading with fins to limitmorning and afternoon solarmorning and afternoon solargains in the wintergains in the winter
-- In cold climates, use onlyIn cold climates, use onlyoverhangs (for passive solaroverhangs (for passive solarheating)heating)
-- Shade with light shelves thatShade with light shelves thatwill reflect light into the spacewill reflect light into the space
* All strategies assume a design forlatitudes between 25 – 40 deg. N latitude
Different Facades Require DifferentDifferent Facades Require DifferentDesign Strategies: Design Strategies: NorthNorth
North-facingNorth-facing-- Exposed to direct sunExposed to direct sun
during morning andduring morning andafternoon a few monthsafternoon a few monthseach summer (at latitudeseach summer (at latitudesbetween 0 to 40 deg. N)between 0 to 40 deg. N)
-- Shade with shallow finsShade with shallow finsto guard against summerto guard against summerheat gainheat gain
-- Shade with light shelvesShade with light shelvesthat will reflect light intothat will reflect light intothe spacethe space
* All strategies assume a design forlatitudes between 25 – 40 deg. N latitude
10
HVAC Design: Key Considerations (pg 136)HVAC Design: Key Considerations (pg 136)-- May seem basic, but is a good check listMay seem basic, but is a good check list
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 –– Load Determination Load Determination
…
Chapters has much discussion on differentChapters has much discussion on differentavailable methods for energy transferavailable methods for energy transfer-- Air systemsAir systems
-- Liquid pumpsLiquid pumps
-- Heat recoveryHeat recovery
Chapter 8 Chapter 8 –– Thermal Comfort Delivery Thermal Comfort Delivery
Green Tips:Green Tips:-- Energy recovery #7-9Energy recovery #7-9-- Displacement ventilation #10Displacement ventilation #10-- Dedicated outdoor air systems #11Dedicated outdoor air systems #11-- Demand controlled ventilation #12Demand controlled ventilation #12-- Hybrid (mixed-mode) ventilation #13Hybrid (mixed-mode) ventilation #13
Chapter 8 Chapter 8 –– Thermal Comfort Delivery Thermal Comfort Delivery
Indoor Environmental QualityIndoor Environmental Quality Cooling Tower SystemsCooling Tower Systems District Energy SystemsDistrict Energy Systems AcousticsAcoustics Green Roofs, Cool RoofsGreen Roofs, Cool Roofs Designing Healthy BuildingsDesigning Healthy Buildings
Chapter 9 Chapter 9 –– Interaction with Local Interaction with LocalEnvironmentEnvironment
11
Water treatmentWater treatment DriftDrift SpillsSpills
Chapter 9:Chapter 9:Cooling Tower SystemsCooling Tower Systems Cooling Tower Water TreatmentCooling Tower Water Treatment
Traditional: chemical treatment withTraditional: chemical treatment withbiocides, corrosion and scale preventionbiocides, corrosion and scale prevention-- Biocidal ControlBiocidal Control
Continuous chlorination at 0.5 ppm.Continuous chlorination at 0.5 ppm. Isothiazoline Isothiazoline (1.5%) slug fed to 2 ppm once per(1.5%) slug fed to 2 ppm once per
weekweek-- Corrosion and Scale Control - MaintainedCorrosion and Scale Control - Maintained
constantconstant Zinc at 2 ppmZinc at 2 ppm Polyphosphate at 20 ppmPolyphosphate at 20 ppm Triazole Triazole at 3 ppmat 3 ppm
Where Does the Chlorine Go?Where Does the Chlorine Go?Chlorine 99% released as gas –71 pounds/month (32 kg)
Blowdown @ 4 Cycles = 36,960 gallons/mo(145,000 liters) – 0.16 lbs (0.07 kg) of Chlorine
Drift @ 0.005%= 1,440gallons/mo(5,700 liters)
Improperly Installed Drift EliminatorsImproperly Installed Drift Eliminators
12
Description:Description:-- Pulsed electric fields used to control scaling,Pulsed electric fields used to control scaling,
biological growth and corrosionbiological growth and corrosionPro Lower energy and water useLower energy and water use More benign blowdown waterMore benign blowdown waterCon Energy use to operateEnergy use to operate Water with high chloride or silica content limitsWater with high chloride or silica content limits
effective useeffective use
AcousticsAcoustics
Criteria: Noise (NC), Room (RC) and dBACriteria: Noise (NC), Room (RC) and dBA 2007 ASHRAE Applications Handbook, Ch. 472007 ASHRAE Applications Handbook, Ch. 47
Indoor soundIndoor soundsourcessources
AcousticsAcoustics Outdoor soundOutdoor sound
controlcontrol
Courtesy: Neil Moiseev (Shen, Milsom & Wilke Inc.)
Sound barrier indense urban setting
Cool Roof TechnologiesCool Roof Technologies
ConventionalRoof
Cool Roof
Reflects~ 80% ofincidentsolar
Absorbs~ 20%
Reflects30 to 60%of incidentsolar
Absorbs40 to 70%(heats roofand adds tocooling loadand urbanheat island)
13
General discussion on:General discussion on:-- SteamSteam-- Hydronic systemsHydronic systems-- AirAir
Chapter 10 Chapter 10 –– Energy Distribution Energy Distribution
Applicability:Applicability:-- Chilled waterChilled water-- Hot waterHot water-- Condenser water loopsCondenser water loops
Heating plantsHeating plants Cooling (chilled water) plantsCooling (chilled water) plants
-- ChillersChillers-- Thermal energy storageThermal energy storage
Distributed electrical generationDistributed electrical generation Combined systems (cooling, heat, power)Combined systems (cooling, heat, power)
Chapter 11 Chapter 11 –– Energy Conversion Energy Conversion
Chapter 11 Chapter 11 –– Energy Conversion Energy Conversion One Method Possibly ApplicableOne Method Possibly Applicable
Desiccant dehumidificationDesiccant dehumidification
Exhaust
Supply
One approach …
Another concept usessolar energy for heat
14
Solar energy applicationsSolar energy applications-- Buildings with large potential thermal needBuildings with large potential thermal need
(e.g., hotels); but space limitations for(e.g., hotels); but space limitations forcollectorscollectors
-- Photovoltaic, but cost is still the issuePhotovoltaic, but cost is still the issue-- Building integrated PVBuilding integrated PV
Chapter 12 Chapter 12 –– Energy Sources Energy Sources
A PV skylight entryway(Courtesy of DOE/NREL)
Primarily architecturalPrimarily architecturalissue, but engineersissue, but engineerscan help push thecan help push theenergy benefitsenergy benefits
HVAC engineers primarily involved inHVAC engineers primarily involved inlighting contribution to load calculationslighting contribution to load calculations
New lighting concepts can require a littleNew lighting concepts can require a littlemore engineering thoughtmore engineering thought-- Daylight harvestingDaylight harvesting
Chapter 13 Chapter 13 –– Lighting Systems Lighting Systems
““ConventionalConventional”” light tubes light tubes
Hybrid lighting (Oak Ridge NatHybrid lighting (Oak Ridge Nat’’l Lab, U.S.)l Lab, U.S.)
www.solatube.com
15
Water consumption important issueWater consumption important issueworldwideworldwide
Not as much an HVAC issue (exceptionNot as much an HVAC issue (exceptioncooling towers, evaporative cooling)cooling towers, evaporative cooling)
Chapter 14 Chapter 14 –– Plumbing Plumbing
Control systems play vital role forControl systems play vital role forrealizing and sustaining the efficiencyrealizing and sustaining the efficiencylevels originally designed into thelevels originally designed into thebuilding systemsbuilding systems-- EnergyEnergy-- WaterWater-- Indoor Environmental QualityIndoor Environmental Quality
Chapter 15:Chapter 15:Building Control SystemsBuilding Control Systems
Sustained Efficiency M&V Operator training
Pages 322 Pages 322 –– 329: How building control 329: How building controlcan help achieve LEED credit pointscan help achieve LEED credit points
Chapter 15:Chapter 15:Building Control SystemsBuilding Control Systems
Example:Sample IndoorAir Qualitycontrol display,Figure 15-4pg. 327
Commissioning (Cx)Commissioning (Cx)-- Initial occupancyInitial occupancy-- Retro-commissioning (continuousRetro-commissioning (continuous
commissioning) commissioning) –– 2 to 5 years after initial 2 to 5 years after initial-- Engineers start off helping with Cx projectsEngineers start off helping with Cx projects
beforebefore going into design going into design
Occupant surveysOccupant surveys
Chapter 18 Chapter 18 –– O&M, O&M,Performance EvaluationPerformance Evaluation
16
Page 355
Where to next??Where to next??
Proposed Standard 189Proposed Standard 189
Standard for the Design of High-PerformanceStandard for the Design of High-PerformanceGreen Buildings Except Low-Rise ResidentialGreen Buildings Except Low-Rise ResidentialBuildingsBuildings
Minimum requirements for the design ofMinimum requirements for the design ofsustainable buildings to balancesustainable buildings to balance-- environmental responsibilityenvironmental responsibility-- resource efficiencyresource efficiency-- occupant comfort and well-beingoccupant comfort and well-being-- community sensitivitycommunity sensitivity
Using Using USGBCUSGBC’’s s LEED Green Building RatingLEED Green Building RatingSystem as key resourceSystem as key resource
Link for all ASHRAE information in thisLink for all ASHRAE information in thisarea (including downloadable Green Tips)area (including downloadable Green Tips)
www.www.engineeringforsustainabilityengineeringforsustainability.org.org
Thanks to Thanks to Tom Lawrence for mostTom Lawrence for mostof the slidesof the slides
Tim Dwyer (Tim Dwyer (timdwyer@[email protected]))