ASHRAE 170-2008 Ventilation of Health Care Facilities

8/19/2019 ASHRAE 170-2008 Ventilation of Health Care Facilities

1/16

ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170 2008

ASH W SHE STANDARD

Ventilation of

Health Care

Facilities

Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 21,2008; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on

June 25,2008; by the American Society for Healthcare Engineering of the American Hospital Association on

July 18,2008; and by the American National Standards Institute on July 24, 2008.

This standard is under conlnuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which

the Standards Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revi-

sions, including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of

the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form from

the ASHRAE Web site, hHp:llwww.ashrae.org, or in paperform from the Manager of Standards. The latest edi-

l o n of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer Sewice, 1791 Tuiiie Circle, NE,

Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [email protected]: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (world-

wide), or toil free. 1-800-527-4723

(for

om effi in US and Canada).

Copyright 2008 American Society of Healna, Refricleratina and Air-conditioning Engineers. Inc.

American

Society

olHeating.

Rerrigeracing

~Imerienn

SodeiyrarHdth nglnee

and

Air conditioningEngineers. Inc.

c~ll l~i.dmuiicul

Iurl~iWi \rri~or~on

179

Tullie

Circle NE, Atlanta.

GA

30329

www ashrae org


2/16

ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Commi ttee

170

Cognizant TC: TC 9.6 Healthcare Facilities

SPLS Liaison: H. Michael Newman

Richard D. Hermans, Chair' Peter Hogan Langowski'


3/16

CONTENTS

ANSVASHRAUASHE Standard 170-2008

Ventilation of Health Care Facilities

SECTION PAGE

~

Foreword

...................................................................................................................................................................

2

1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 2

2 Scope .................................................................................................................................................... 2

3

Definitions

................................................................................................................................................

2

4 Compliance

.................................................................................................................................................

3

5 Planning

..................................................................................................................................................

4

6

Systems and Equipment...............................................................................................................................

4

7 Space Ventilation

........................................................................................................................................ 6

Planning Construction and System Start Up

.........................................................................................

11

9 Normative References

............................................................................................................................

12

lnformative Annex A ...................................................................................................................................... 12

lnformative Annex B: Bibliography 13

NOTE

When addenda, interpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can

be

downloaded free of

charge from he

SHR E

Web sit at *wm.ashrae.org.

O Copyright 2008 American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,

Inc.

1791 Tullie Circle NE

Atlanta. GA 30329

www.ashrae.org

All rights reserved.


4/16

lriglr risk

irrr~~~trnocorr~pror~risPdpatients

atients who have

the greatest risk of infection caused by airborne or waterborne

microorganisms. T hese patients include but are not limited to

allogeneic stem-cell transplant patients and intensive chemo-

atients.

rrrfectron c orth olri sk assessrrrent ICRA): a determination of

the potential risk of transmission of various infectious agents

in the facility, a classification of those risks, and a list of

requiredp ractices fo r mitigating those risks during conshuc-

tion or renovation.

ir~r~r~trr~aconrpranrisedatients: patients whose immune

mechanisms are deficient because of immunologic disorders

(e.g., human immunodeficiency

virus [HIV]

infection or

congenital immune deficiency syndrome), chronic diseases

(e.g., diabetes, canc er, emp hysem a, or cardiac failure), or

imm unosup pressive therapy (e.g., radiation, cytotoxic chemo-

therapy, anti-rejection medication, or steroids) (see CDC

[2003] in Informative

nnex

B: B ibliography).

inpotierrt apatient whose stay at the health care facility is antic-

ipated to require twenty-four hours or m ore of patient care.

irrvasive if~ro ~~r rgpr oced rrreoom: a room in which radio-

graphic im aging is used and in which instruments o r devices

are insertedinto patients through the skin orbody o s c e under

sterile conditions for diagnosis andlor treatment.

non aspirating

difftrser: a diffuser that has unidirectional

downward airflow from the ceiling with minimum entrain-

ment of room air. Classified as ASHRAE Group E, these

diffusers generally have very low overage veloci@ For the

purposes of this s tandard, the performance of these d i e r s s

to b e measused i n terms o f average velocity.

pro tect ive environrne~rt oorrr:

a patient room that is designed

according to this standard and intended to protect a high ~isli

in~mtrnocompmmisedpatientrom human and environmental

airborne pathogens.

triage: the process of determining the severity of the illness of

or injury to patients so that those who have the m ost emergent

illnesses/iinjuries can be treated immediately and those less

severely injured can be treated later or in another area.

4 COMPLIANCE

4 1 Com pliance Requirements

4 1 1

New Buildings. New buildings shall comply with

the provisions of this standard.

4 1 2

Existing Buildings

4 1 2 1

Additions to Existing Buildings. Additions

shall comply with the provisions of this

stmdard.

4 1 2 2

Al terati ons t o Existing Buildings. Portions of

a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system and other

systems and equipment that re being altered shall comply

with th e applicable requirements of this standard.

4 1 2 2 1 Head.g Ven~ation ~ndiMonditioning

System Alterations. Alterations to mechanical systems sewing

the building heating, cooling, or ventilating needs shall comply

with the requirements of Section 6, Systems an d Equipmenk

applicab le to those specific poltions of the building an d its sys -

tems that are being altered. Any new mechanical equipment

installed

in

conjunction with the alteration as a direct replace-

ment of existing mechanical equipment shall comply with the

provisions of Sections 6.2,6.4,6.5, and 6.6.

4 1 2 2 2

Space Alterations. Alterations to spaces

listed in Table 6-1 (see page 5) shall comply with the require-

men ts of Section 6.7 and Section 7, Space Ventilation, appli-

cable to those specific portions of the building and its systems

that are being altered Any alteration to existing health care spa ce

in a building that w ill continue to treat patients during conshu c-

tion shall com ply with Sections 8.1, 8.3, 8.4, and 8.5.

4 2 Adm inistrative Requirements. Administrative

requirements relating to permit requirements, enforcem ent by

the authority having jurisdiction, interpretations, claims of

exemption, approved calculation methods, rights o f approve d

calculation methods, and rights of appeal are spe cified by the

authority having jurisdiction.

4 3 Compliance D ocuments

4 3 1

GeneraL Compliance documents are those plans,

specifications, engineering calculations, diagrams, reports,

and other data that are approved as part of the perm it by the

authority having jurisdiction. The compliance documents

shall include all specific construction-relatedrequirements of

the owner's infection contra1 risk assessm ent.

4 3 2 Con struction Details. Compliance documents sh all

contain ll pertinent data and features of the building, equip-

ment, andsystems

n

sufficient detail to allow a d etermin ation

of com pliance by the authorityhaving jurisdiction a nd to indi-

cate compliance with the requirements of this s ta nd ar d

4 3 3

Supplemental Information. Supplemental infor-

mation necessary to veriFy compliance with this standar4

such a s calculations, worksheets, compliance forms, v end or

literature, or other data, shall be made available when requ ired

by the authority having jurisdiction.

4 4 Alternate Materials, Methods of Construction , o r

Design. The provisions of this standard are not intended to

prevent the use of any material, method of construction,

design, o r building system not specifically prescribed herein ,

provided such construction, design, or building system has

been approved by the authority having jurisdiction as meetin g

the intent of this standa rd

4 5

Info rm ative Appendices. T he informative appendices

to this standard andinformative notes located within th is stan-

dard contain recommendations, explanations, and other non-

mandatory information and are not part of this standard.

4 6 Cr ite ria R anges. This standard often specifies a range

of values that will comply with a speciiic requirem ent o f the

stand ard Ifi t ispermittedby the authority havingjurisdiction,

compliance with this requirementmay be achieved by the pre-

sentation of compliance documents that demonstrate a sys-

tem's ability to perform within the specified range.


5/16


6/16

TABLE

6 1

Minimu m Filter Efficiencies

Fi te r Bank Number 1 Filter Bank Number

2

Space Designation (According to Bunction)

(MERV) W R v ) '

Classes

B

and C surgery; inpatient and ambulatory diagnostic and therapeutic

radiolow; inpatient delivery and recovery spaces

7 14

Inpatient care, treatment, and diagnosis, and those spaces providing direct service or

clean supplies and clean processing (except as noted below);

7

14

An (rooms)

Protective environment rooms (PE)

7

17

(HEPA)

Laboratories; Class A surgery and associated semi-reshicted spaces 1 3 ~ NIR*

Administrative; bulk storage; soiled holding spaces; food preparation spaces;

and

laundries

All other outpatient spaces

Skilled nursine facilities

NIR

NIR

NIR

R not rqu ired

N o t e s The

minimum

cficiency reportingvnlue MERV)r

basedon

Ule meUlad oitening dsmibibcd

in..tNSI/A5fRdE Sior~dotd2.11-2007

Metbod of Tertinp, Genem l l enriiotion

Air-CleoningDwicer orRemo~01Ej7cIe8tq @P~?rticlcize

i e e I n f o d v c

h e n :Bihl iapphy) .

Note b: Additional picfillen m y be usedtoroducc mnintmancc for fil le n w ith e f i c i e n d s h i g h m h MERV 7.

Note

c

Fiitcr

B d c

No. may be

n MERV

14 if

n

MERV

17

t d q erminn1 fiitrri3 provided for t he e ipnces.

TABLE

6 2

Supply Air Outlets

Space Designation (According to Function) Supply

Air

Outlet ClassEcationn

Primary

supply diffusers Group E, non-aspirating

All class A,

B,

and C surgeriesb

additional supply difwesers, Group E

Protective environment (PE) rooms

Group E, non-aspirating

Wound intensive care units (bum units) Group

E,

non-aspirating

Trauma rooms (crisis or shock) Group

E,

non-aspirating

A11 rooms

Group A or Group E

All other spaces Group A or Gmup E

Note e f a to

2 M 5 ~ H o n d b o o k - F u n d ~ m e n 1 ~ ,

bppta35,

for

de hi tio m reinred to

auua

clasiifimtion n n d p e r f o m c e

see

Informotive

Amen :

Bib l iopphy) .

Note

b Swgeonr

may require

tonnte

air-dir ibibudonsystem forromespe ciakc d m g n i s .

Suchrystcmr

r b l i

be

consideredocccptnblc iffltey meet

or a c e d

he requircrnents

oilhi. s t m d d

6.5.2

Ra dian t Cooling Systems.

If

radiant coolmg panels

are utilized, the chilled-water temperature shall always

remain above the dew point temperature of the space.

6.5.3

Radiant Heating Systems.

If

radiant heating is pro-

vided for an

A11

room, aprotective environment room, a wound

intensive care unit

@urn

unit), or aroom for any class of sur-

gery, either flat andsmooth radiant ceilingpanels with exposed

cleanable surfaces or radiant floor heating shall be used.

6.6

Humidifiers. When outdoor hum~dityand internal

moisture sources are not sufficient to meet the requirements

of Table 7.1, humidification shall be provided by means of

the health-care facility air-handling systems. Locate humid-

ifiers within air-handling units or

duchvork to avoid mois-

ture accumulation in downstream components, including

filters and insulation. Chemical additives used for steam

humidifiers serving health care facilities shall comply with

FDA requirements.' Reservoir-type water humidifiers or

evaporative-pan-type humidifiers shall not he used i n duct-

work or air-handling units in health care facilities. A humid-

ity sensor shall be provided, located at a suitable distance

downstream from the steam injection source. Controls shall

he provided to limlt duct humidity to a maximum value of

90

R

when the humidifier is operating. Humidifier steam

control valves shall be designed so that they remain om

whenever the air-handling unit is not in operation.

6.7

ir

Distribution Systems

6.7.1

General. Maintain the pressure relationships

requiredinTable 7-1

in

all modes ofHVAC system operation,

except as noted

in

the table. Spaces listed

in

Table 7-1 that

have required pressure relationships shall be served by fully

ducted returns. The air-distribution design shall maintain the

required space pressure relationships, taking into accountrec-

ommeoded maximu& filter loading, heating-season lowered

aimow operation, and cooling-season higher airflow opera-

tion. Airstream surfaces of the air-distribution system down-

stream of Filter Bank No. 2, shall comply with Section 5.5 of

ANSVASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007. The air-distribution

system shall be provided with access doors, panels, or other

means to allow convenient access for inspection and cleaning.

(For further information, see ANSIIASHRAE Standard 62.1.

6.7.2

Air-Distribution Devices. All air-distribution

devices shall meet the following requirements:


7/16

a.

Surfa ces of air-distribution devices shall be suitable fo r

ture and humidity conditions based upon the

cleaning. Supply air outlets in accordance with Table 6-2 spac e coo lin g or heating load.

shall be used

2. Air filtration for spaces shall comply with Table 6-1.

b. Th e supply difFusers in Classes B and

C

surgeries shall be

3

Supply ir outlets for spaces shall comply with Table 6 2.

designed and in stalled to allow for internal cleaning.

4

In

A11 rooms, protective environm entroom s, wound inten-

c.

Psychiatric, seclusion, an d holding-patient rooms shall be

sive -care units

bum

units), and rooms for all classes of

designed with security ditfusers, grilles, and


8/16

r

T BLE

7 1

Design Parameters

Pressure

LA

I[), Dcsign Tem perat ure l),

2

Classes B and C operating rooms, m), n), 0) Positive 4 20 N R No 30-60 68-75120-24

g

Opemtinglsurgical cystoscopic rooms,

m),

n) 0) Positive 4 20 N R No 30-60 68-75120-24

0

Delivery room Caesarean) m), n), 0) Positive 4 20 NiR No 30-60 68-75120-24

Substeri le service area N R 2 6 N R No NIR NIR

Recovery room N R 2 6 NiR No 30-60 70-75/2 1-24

Critical and intensive care

Wound intensive a r e

burn

unit)

Newbom intensive care

Treahnent room p)

Trauma room crisis or shock) c)

Medicallanesthesia gas stomge r)

Laser eye room

ER waiting rooms q)

Triage

ER decontamination

Positive

Positive

Positive

N R

Positive

Negative

Positive

Negative

Negntive

Negative

NiR

N R

NIR

NIR

N/R

Yes

N/R

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

N R

No

NIR

No

N R

N R

No

30-60

40-60

30-60

30-60

30-60

NIR

30-60

mnx 65

max 60

NIR

70-7512 1-24

70-75/21-24

70-75/21-24

70-7512 1-24

70-7512 1-24

NIR

70-7512 1-24

70-75/2 1-24

70-7512 1-24

NIR

Rndiology waiting rooms

q)

Neg ative 2 12 Yes NIR maw 60 70-7512 1-24

Class A Opern tingPro cedur e room o), d) Positive 3 15 N R No 30-60 70-7512 1-24

INPATIENT NURSING

Patient room s) NIR 2 6 NiR NIR max 60 70-75/2 1-24

Toilet room Negative NIR 10 Yes No NIR NIR

Newbom nursery suite NIR 2 6 NIR No

30-60 72-78/22-26

Protective environment room 0, n), t) Positive

2 I2 NIR No max 60

70-7512 1-21

A11 room e),

n), u)

Negative 2 12 Yes No mnx 60 70-7 97 1-24

A11 isolntiol~ nterooln t)

u)

N R N R O Yes No N R NIR

Labor/deliveryIrecovery/poslpartum LDRP)

s) N R 2

6 N IR N R m a x 6 0

70-75/2 1-24

Laboddeliverylrecove ry LDR) s) NIR 2

6 N IR N R m a x 6 0

70-7512 1-24

Note NiR=

no

requirement


9/16


10/16

i

T BLE

7-1 Deslgn Parameters

Pressure

R

I[), Design Temperature I),

O DAPP

F

, -

(n)

t o

Outdoors

j)

Exnmination room N R 2 6 N R NIR max 60 70-75D 1-24

Medication room

Endoscopy

Endoscope cleaning

Treahnent room

Hydrotherapy

Pllysical tl~em py

STERILIZING

Positive

2

4 NIR NIR

Positive 15 NIR No

mnx 60 70-7512 1-24

30-60 68-7300-23

Negative

2

I0 Yes No NIR NIR

N R 2 6 N IR N R m ax 6 0

70-7512 1-24

Negative 2 6

N R N R NIR 72-80122-27

Negative 2 6 NIR NIR Max 65 72-80122-27

Sterilizer equipm ent room Negative NIR 10 Yes No NIR NIR

CENTRAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SUPPLY

Soiled or deconhmination room Negative

2 6 Yes No NIR 72-78122-26

Clean worlcroom

Positive 4

NiR No lnax 60 72-78122-26

Sterile stornge

SERVICE

Food preparntion center

i)

Warewashing

Dietnry storage

Posit ive 2 4 N R N R max 60 72-7802-26

N R 2 10 NIR No NIR 72-78122-26

Negative N R 10 Yes No NIR NIR

N R N R 2 N R No NIR 72 -78122-26

Laundry, general Negative 2 10 Yes No NIR NIR

Soiled linen sorting and storage Negative N R 10 Yes No NIR NIR

Clenn linen storage Positive N R 2 N R NIR NIR 72-78122-26

Linen and trash chute room Negative N R 10 Yes No NIR NIR

Bedpan room Negative NIR 10 Yes No NIR NIR

Bathroom

Janitor s closet

SUPPORT SPACE

Negative N R 10 Y es No NIR 72-78122-26

Negative

NIR 10

Y es N o N R N IR

Soiled workroom or soiled l~ ol d ig Negative

2 10 Yes No NIR

Clean worlctoom or clean holding Posit ive 2 4 N R N R N R

Havlrdous material storage Negative 2 10 Yes No NIR NIR

Noto

m =

no r quir m nt

D


11/16

8.66 V ~ J N l ~aunploaae

q

pap noid a q l ~ e q s ~ o d e ~na maqa

1

sase8 sno xou j o lchomai aql 103 saa nap lsncqxa pun spooq a~ eu do ~d dcannba r uaqM

'UO lLIUUOj~

a l O U l l O J

h l l d & ~ l q ~ aXaUU\r aAgCUlOJOl

U

sau lap n8 aql aaS .pall uuad aq IOU l lcl ls suog auy

~UB

ptauluo nnua an ga alo ~d aa q aq Zu rpl msjo asod md aql lu j suo s nmd mow e alq u anal q n\ sur ooa 'sioomn a Lpaanp pa8ie1eqasp 8u aq

01 loud s a~c dsIV-UOU sahlas le~l l

C

lsnoqxa I [ ~ M m Lour s w o o~ 1 ~oy no isnnqxa palally

V ~ E H

lally ' ~ d a ~118noIq l s a ss ed qsry n e aq l ?e lp pap no~d moo1 1 1 ~lp mo y no rll n\ p qeln3

-l aal aq Kem ap slno Lllaal p lsnollxa ol [ca lamdm s l qa qM mo y m o o l uaged plopm ls mo y pa uy oq u am leql smooi 1m .pann ba1 n )s ale sa8ueqa 1 e looplno all1 'lanamoq :saZueqaxa no moo1

~ua lcnln ba ll1 asoalau

01

mo oi ?ua lcd atn

II

pau uuad aq ll eqs =a lly v d m Z ~ s naa nap Z q o l n a n a x l q u a w a l d d n ~s uo ) ne au d u og cl os Z q n b a ~

OU

s po ua d 8 u y p u e a lua led lcuuou 103 uo s ~

~ ~

-old aql apnpu llcqs srnoo111v o u3 sap aqL .s so[nmaqq

1

nllaa len 'salseam so rpn s 'saseaskp snoga apn jo pca ~d s moq ne aql Zm,lelos ~ojpasnaq ll eqs p~ op uq s y l aquasap moo1

IIV

a l u

. p a ~ p u a d q

IOU

lluqs suo laury 1 1 '~ ue Iuamuoqnua a~ ~a a lo ~da a q a q

8u qal msjo asodmd all? o j suo s ~ o~dmop n a lq sl ana l qj m s m o o ~pap no~d aq plnoqs mo olque ue 'qua ged quamuonnua a~g oal old03 rClsssaaau s

I I ~

ell1 al eq pq nu alu3 uZ sap aq J1 .luau1

-uonAua pal3aloid aql

JOJ

uo lel luaA ?uals suoa lo j pan nb a~ movn o aUIlllOA lu qs uo 3 .paI nbal 11 ~ sm saBmqa ne 1oop)no alp kanamoq :sa8ucqaxa no moo1 luapn nba alp ascalaq 01 pa ~ uu ad

aq [lcq s slally vd zl-1 uo lo1"3~ 3a~ fsa lod s snll Zlads)I

' . a , )

saqola m snogaapn amo qne 1 qua mo qA ua uommoa m oy lua led all1 loalmd suo )eay aads u8 sap

MOWO

]uaumonAua an paqold a l u

'pasn ale ( 'a~ aXugcaq plcoqascq '8u looa pue

Zqleaq ?uo pru) smalsLs Zu 1ooa l op un Zq lcaq [quam alddns uaqm paukuuad aq [loqs 113s lq ol ln oj sm oo ~

m ~ e ~ s o d l k a n o 3 a l l k a ~ ~ a p l l o q c ~

m s m o o ~ a ~ o a a i/ k a n l a p / ~ o q e lswam lua lcd

108

8 . q u a w a ~ n b a ~ ~ a ~ ~ u n j ~ o j6 V ~ J N aS

,ascas p &olru dsa~jo sou5e p

iql

sKcr-xlsaqo Zq omo quagod ploq o] pamm&old smoo, 8ql em 01 Lluo sagddn ~u am an nb a~ l ~sa3ods Iaqlo Kuc qu paanpoilu

s l a lo jaq u a l ly v d ~ ~ql 118nolln sassed l e

um?u

alp pap no~d uoop lno alp

q

s aaeds a saq) moy n o a q Z q s n o ~ p

O

p e a l sq p a q u u a d a q l ~ o q slal[y \r dm 'malsKs uo lepluaA Sq)e[n31 3al e ul

.Sam8 alscM o laqlsauu Bu lsneqxa

JOJ

suo s ~wd qq u o a 1lells ap Fo SnOqN q] m sam paa o~d

OJ

pasn smool Va qe al L xu ~o ol doasoqauoiq m pqeaq aq neqs Ldoasoqauolq lo j pasn smool luauyeaiL

.sa8unl pa]ca pq mny u m all] paaaxa ln q spolpam uognqys p n c ~o/puesa8unr & ppnq 'sale. uoge[ luaA 'sa qru adm al moor ann ba ~ em sampaaoid [ea@ms

1

uoa81ng

.8u ueala pun aaucualqem ai\ lquanard papparlas ~ o jsaaae kc a o j hrolle oslc lle11s m qs K s qa nsj o nZ sap aqJ .mo@e jo 8m) nana po qs pue U O ] C U ~ ~ I S uanaid

plnoqs sma~sKS axy

1

alqw od ialp aJo u8 sap aqL .qua% sno gaajq am oqn cjo loquoa aqt IOJ qua ma~ n bai aam 01 sloquo a lquamuoi nua lqua mald dns 'q a l r T se sa l [ aej 8u ls xa u pau m

-lad aq lle11s ua ily

V ~ E H

] ~aa nap Zy le l nq aaa . uo laanp m o p e o uogeagpan lo j pau uuad aq 1lnqs dy ua un g lo 'aqq-u -l leq 'l eq a)loms so qans spoqaru lens ,+ a l d q ~ ad0 Llumodmal

lo Bu nom u e uoo p al qm pamol[o aq [~c qs d qsuo ~e~u lnssaid paqnbal mog suo smaxa uuaj ~0 11 ssuuelo aams nu quanard o] apcm aq [leqs saauemolle 'pal lqsu ale s lue[e aqnap 8~ o ] u o w j ~

8'sluawal nbal laq lol oj 66

V ~ J N

1 laJaX 'paql ln ale sasc8 angaadsal aq] qonlm

u

scale a q j o uoge[ $uaA 1maua8 pun sma?sKs Zu %ua~eas)s neqxa [cao[ q~ o ql o jaall e alea pu Lap xo snol lN

01 amsodxa 1cuo lcdnaao

JO

[OIIUOJ pue ' s ~ o d e ~uc saso8 agatpsauo qscm 0 msodm leuogodnaao ZUIple8al quaumaop eualua &SOIN) q p a H p uc , Q a j c ~ouo lodnaao

IOJ

alq lsul [eu o le~

'suog puoa a so q

aqnba i s uo ~ puoa ca pam ~o p u co ju lo a ,q ua le d ua qm p a u ~ a dq l le qs a q r u a d m q i aq 8 q i o l a m 0 1 u og ma do l e m o n Z e n p a 8 u e ~ q yq~ m m ool all1 Bqu qqem jo alqcdea aq lleqs su~ alsL s

,papaan L[leay oads s loquo 3 alaqm

q q

u m m p m puc umm uy a ln a le pqs l s a8um

at&

. u o j m a d o ~ m a] sK s a q uaqm hcssaa au s slooplno aq] mo y ne ]uamaae[dal luels

U03

Spaau lsneqx a I(JS lcs OJ, qua ]ed UmqiOJ

SWOOJ

pue pa l ean a l e uogaa~u euomlnd

q M

quaged qaXM

y

s p n le3 aA sua$y 'aldmexa 102 'uooplno alp

0

alsnn llxa l e 103 uogma p suoa Ie a

-ads al nbal Lcm saauqsmnsl a [enp n pul .soan laqlo 01 paleln anau lou puo sloomno a q 01 K pa aq pa%leqas p aq lleqs no snoqxa 'smalqold lo p0 ~ol pu c o lou mquoa ~o ju alod p nr scal e amo s 111

(.Klldcl80 lq & :a xauuv an ]euuopl u [~ QQ Z] v ass) 'asn q

OU

s aoods a q uaqm pa]j uuad aq lpq s lo~quo3op o 103 pan nba l qualxa Kuo 01 sa8uerlo n o o laq mnu aql

01

uo ]anpa~n 'uo le

- lado 8u lna ' a lqq a111u pauyap mnm xom aql l o ;96 v d d ~

O

nuamannba l ams s ald a q

V Q ~V ~ J N

o s uogo qsa l l op po a p a q l sa s moldmoa s lop po a 1 xa m oy lo o l uogc q~lp o uo ]uy

-1yxa ssaaxa 'sama amos ul

t , . ~ ~

p l e p u q ~

~ H S ~ I I S N V

paypad s so s ma l s k qmoqxa ua qq g 01 no dna ,pm l adold ap ~o ~d1 pa rmb a~

mil

aq ll q s (113") "09 ,ad sa8 mr p n o lqo) umqu w

,paJlajsueq aq ol Lpoq all1 io j Su l em alg m spoua d poq s

iq

a md s a q asn puo alp- uo sa sdolno uuo pa d lou op sag l aej

4

K ~ U O

[qea 1dde s moo1 811 p1oq-Kpoq pa] e~a Z gaiu ou

v

. unsodxa aaLo~dluaea01 pue SO HSOIN 81np1~8a1 pspmpuqs uogeFluan qaam pu e paqawa qanp lsnoqxa 8qZuan eas o mq)uamd nba mo oql cpj palsneqva aq loup aa un c nv :uo ldaaxg

~ua ledaql 13aloid o) saaeds Zup o pe [la 01 a~ \a[a i an ms sal d Llang sod me smoo i qan S 'qua lcd pas m mdm oaoun unq ysu-qZ r[

IOJ

p a m a so q l u e SUIOIIJ ~ u a u m o ~ ~ u an ]aalwd

,p ~ op u q s q Lq pal nballou s wo ol a)ue uo lnq 'moolalu s aleledas n ql m pap Aold aq Kern sluoo l uo ]c[os amo S

.pa dnaaoun s moo1 a q uaqm paq cl qe m aq qou paau sd rlsoo lclal a ~ n ss a ~ d

~ p i o p u e ~ ~qj Kq moo i Zugeiado us aq 0 alap suoa s &a8m s Lm aZ~ aw a

OJ

pasn Qau l

1101 s legl laluao nurnm) all1 U gl A\ woo l Zu lelado aqL 'sm ja A ~ a p m o o luau qea q ~e ] u IcIauaZ lo j pasn mool r(aua8lama Jo pu o mool pie ?sly o s u alaq pasn se 1rroo r

Dl1wn u

uual al[L

. saaeds a q

u

pazrl ln?uarnd nba aq) pun '(LGL S n aas) y1oM al pj o q su jo lanai pa]e aosso aql

' ( L ~ L

s n j o uogdopo apnl3u Lem

k o ln ln 8 a~ ll, ' L ~ e u u o ~ ~ d ~ od& aln uo Su puadap a lq q s y l j o mnu qq m alp puoLaq sluamal nbal Zy lq ly pun aZueqa l n leuo t ppo anor1 Lou1 scale Zu punodmoa Lacuuoqd

m a l o am lo oadsJaqlo pun su ro o~ inlruado pasn aq qou neqs 'uo l~ an ua a a srole pol sc q=ns'q un Zugooo lo Zq ea q ad.Q-& ~clD

7 m

loaqal aql qZnonn sassed walsKs ptluaa

J n &om ld aq) Kluo lp qm u q un uoganpq ) naq a~ q palelguarl aq Kzw sm oo ~Nn aie a an suaqm pun uo pelos~ ;ON,, pa~ [le m ain u pasn aq

tau

[leqs q un

moo^

Z y l e ~ n a n a a luo l

JOJ lo luaiod aql pue &]m& p Zu uoap aq ljo asn eaaa m p ~8uoq3 no paqnbal alp anagae 01 alqeldaaae a .~e s p a Zq oo a lo Zylcal[ q l ~ ) un 3 v ~

11001

8qlo[nanaaa

:SS ON

1-L

31qUJ


12/16

c.

Air distribution patterns within the protective environ-

ment room shall conform to the fo llowing:

Supply air diffusers shall be above the patient be&

unless it can he dem onstrated that such a location is

not practical. Diffuser design shall limit air velocity

at the patient bed to reduce patient discomfort. (See

ANSI/ASHR/IE Staildard 55-2004 Tlzerntal Einli

rortntentol Coilditions for Htrnlail Ocnrpanqi in

Informa tive Annex B: Bibliography.)

Returdexhaust grilles or registers shall be located

near the patient room door.

d.

Differential pressure between any dissimilar adjacent

paces shall be a minimum of +0.01 in. wc (t2 .5 Pa).

e.

PE rooms retrofitted from standard patient rooms m ay be

ventilated with recirculated air, provided that air lint

passes through aH EP A filter and the roo m com plies with

parts a through

d

of this section.

7 3 Crit ical Care Un its

7 3 1 Wound Intensive Care Units (Bur n Units). Bum

unit patient rooms that require humidifiers to comply with

Table 7-1 shall be prov ided with individual hum idity control.

7 4 Surgery Rooms

7 4 1 Class B an d C O pera ting Rooms. Operatingrooms

shall be maintained at a positive pressure with respect to a ll

adjoining spaces at all times. A pressu re differential shall be

maintained at a value of at least +0.01 in. wc (2.5 Pa). Ope r-

ating rooms sball be provided w ith prirnnry supply diffusers

that are designed as follows:

a

The airflow shall be unidirectional, downwards, and the

merage velocity of the diffusers shall he 25 to 35 ciW@

(127 ~ l d m ' o 1 78 ~ s l m ' ) .Th e diffusers shall be concen-

trated to provide an airflow pattem over the patient and

surgical team. (see Memanadeh [2002] and Memarzadeh

[2004] in Informative AunexB: Bibliography.)

b.

The area of the p h a r y supply

diffuser

array shall extend

a minimum of 12 in. (305

mm

beyond the footprint of

the surgical table on each side. No m ore than 30 of the

primary supply d i e r rray area sbal l be used for non-

d i i s e r uses such as lights, gas columns, etc. Additional

supply d i e t s may be required to provide additional

ventilation to the operating room to achieve the environ-

mental requirements of Table 7-1 relating to temperature,

humidity, etc.

The rooms ball he provided with at least two low sidewall

rehlrn or exhaust ,dies spaced at opposite corners o r as far

apart as possible, with the bottom of these grilles installed

approximately8 in. (203 mm bove the floor.

7 4 2

Sterilization Rooms. Steam that escapes from a

steam sterilizer shall be exhausted using an exhaust hood or

other suitable means. Ethylene oxide that escapes from a ga s

sterilizer shall be exhausted using an exhaust hood or o ther

suitable means.

7 4 3 Imaging P roce dure Room s. If invasive procedures

occur in this type of room, ventilation shall be provided in

accordance wtth the vent~lation

equirements

for Class A sur-

gexy. If anesthetic ga ses a re adm inistered, ventilation shall be

provided in accordance with the ventilation requirements for

Class B or C surgery.

7 5 Sup port Spaces

7 5 1 Morgue and Autopsy Rooms. Low sidewall

exhaust grilles shall be providedunless exhaus t air is removed

through an autopsy table designed for this purpose. All exhaust

air from autopsy, nonrekigerated body-holding, and morgue

rooms shall he discharged directly to the outdoors without

mixing with air from any other room or exhaust system.

8. PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION, AND

SYSTEM STARTUP

8 1

Overv iew. F or HVAC systems serving surgery and crit-

ical care spaces, compliance with this standard requires prep-

aration of n acceptance testing plan.

8 2

Planning for the HVAC Services in New Facility.

Design documents for new construction shall meet the follow-

ing requirements:

a General Mecl~anicalEquipment Rooms. The access to

mechanical rooms shall be planned to avoid the intrusion

of maintenance personnel into surgical and critical care

patient spaces.

b. Mechanical Room Layout. Mechanical room layout

shall include sufficient space for access to equipment for

operation, maintenance, and replacement. Floors in

mechanical rooms shall be sealed, including sealmg

around aU penetrations, when they are above surgical

su ites and critical care.

c.

MaintenancdRepair Personnel Access. Safe andpractical

means of accessing equipment shall be provided. Clear-

ance is required at all senrice points to mechanical equip-

ment to allow personnel access and working space. The

access to mechanical equipment sball he planned to make

it unnecessary for maintenance

personnel to intrude into

surgical o r critical care rooms.

d.

Cooling Towers

Cooling towers shall be located so that

drift is directed away from air-handlmg un it intakes. They

sball meet the requirements of Sec tion 6.3.2.

8 3

Planning for tbeHVAC Services in an Existing Facility.

If any existing air-handling equipment is reused, the designer

shall evaluate the capacity of the equipment to determine

whetber it will meet the requirements of this standard for the

remodeled space.

8 4 Planning for Infection Control During Rem odeling

of a n Ex istin g Facility. Prior to beginning modifications or

rem ode ling of HVAC systems in an existing facility, an owner

sball conduct an infection control risk assessment (ICRA).

The ICRA shall establish those procedures required to

mini-

mize the dismption of facility operation and the distribution

of dust, odo rs and particulates.

ANSUASH RAUASHE Standard

110 2008


13/16

8.5 Docum entation of New o r Remodeled HVAC Sys-

tems. O wners shall retain an acceptance testingreportfo r their

files. In addition, the design shall include requirements for

operations and maintenance staff training that is sufficient for

the staff to keep all HVAC equipm ent in a condition that will

maintain the original design intent fo r ventilation. Training of

operating staff shall include an explanation of the design

intent. The training materials shall include, at a m i n i m , he

following:

a. O M procedures

b. Temp eratuse and pressure contro l opera tion in

all modes

c. Acceptable tolerances for system temperatures and

pressures

Procedures for operations under emergency power or

other abnormal conditions that have been considered in

the facility design.

8.6

Duct Cleanliness. The duct supply system shall meet

the following requirements for cleanliness:

The duct system shall be free of construction debris. New

supply duct system installations shall comply with level

WB: the Intermediate Level of SMACNA Duct Cleanli-

ness for New Construction ~u ide lin es ?

h.

The supply diffusers in the Class B C operatin, rooms

shall he opened and cleaned before the space is used.

c. The permanent W A C systems shall not be operated

unless protection from contamination of the air distribu-

tion system is provided.

9. NORMATIVE REF ERE NCE S

Code of Federal Regulations: 21CFR 173.310 (April

1999), US Dept. of Health and Human Services, Food

and Drug Administration.

DHHS

(NIOSH) Publication No. 94-100 (NIOSH Alert)

Controlling Exposures to Nitrotis Oxide During An--

thetic Administration National Institute for Occupa-

tional Safety and Hea lth (CDC), Atlanta, GA.

3 ~ ~ ~

1994]. Computerized information system. Wash-

ington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational

Safety and Health Ad ministration.

4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ H R A Etandard 154-2003 Ventilation for Cont-

rnercial Cook ing Operatio ns American Society of Heat-

ing, Re£tigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,

Atlanta, GA.

'NFPA 90A. National F i e Protection Association 1 Battery-

march Park, Quincy,

MA

02169.

'NFPA 96. Nation al Fire Protec tion Associa tion 1 Battery -

march Park, Q uincy, MA 02169.

NIOSH

Critical Documents. National Institute for Occupa-

tional Safety and Health, available at the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) web site: http://

www.cdc.gov/nioshlpubs/

criteria~date~desc~nopubnumhers hhnl

'NFPA 99-2005: Standard for Healtl? Care Facilities.

National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch

Park, Quincy, Massachusetts USA 02169

'SMACNA Duct Cleanliness for

Nenl

Consshiction Guide-

Imes (2000), Chantilly, VA 20151.

(This annex is not par t of this s tandard. I t i s merely

informative an d does not contain requirem ents necessary

for conformance to the s tandard. I t has not been

processed according to the ANSI requirements for a

s tandard and may contain mater ial that has not been

subjec t to public review o r a consensus process.

Unresolved objectors on informative material are not

offered th e ri gh t to appe al a t ASHRAI?. o r ANSI.)

INFORMATIVE ANNEX A

A l . O M IN HEALTH CA RE FACILITIES

The following operations and maintenance procedures

are recom mended for health care facilities.

Al l Operating Rooms. Each operating room should be

tested for positive pressure semi-annually o r on an e ffective

preventative maintenance schedule. When HEPA filters are

present with'm the diffuser of operating room s, the filter

shou ld he replaced based on pressure drop.

A1 2

Protective Environment (PE) Rooms. PE rooms

should remain under positive pressure with respect to all

adjoiningrooms whenever an imrnunocomp~omisedpatients

present. PE rooms sho uld be testedfor positive pressure daily

when an immunocom promised patient is present. W hen

HEPA filters are present within the diffuser of protective envi-

ronment rooms, the filter should he replaced based on pres-

sure drop.

A1 3

Airborne Infection Isolation

AII)

Rooms . U

rooms shou ld remain u nder negative pressure relative to aU

adjoining rooms whenever an infectious patient is present

They shou ld he tested for negative pressure daily whe neve r an

infectious patient is present.

A1 4 Filte rs. Final filters and filter frames sh ould be v isu-

ally inspected for pressure drop and for bypass monthly. Fil-

ters shouldh e replacedbasedonpressure drop with filters that

provide the efficiencies specified in Table 6-1.

A2. SP EC IAL MAINTENANCE FOR HVAC UNITS

The following special maintenance procedures are

recomm ended for health care facilities.

A2 1

Pnn-Coil Unit and Heat Pumps. The fan-coil unit

and heat pump filters serving patient rooms should be

inspected monthly or on an effective preventative mainte-

nance cycle forpressure drop andreplaced when that pressure

drop causes a reduction in air flow. Fan-coil unit and heat

pump drain pans under cooling coils should be cleaned

monthly, or on a n effective preventative maintenance cycle.

A2 2

Pi -Tube Radia t ion Uni t s , Induct ion Uni t s and

Convection Units. Fm-tube radiation

units,

induction units

and co nvection units serving patient rooms shou ld be cle ane d

quarterly, or on an effective preventative m aintenance cycle .

A2 3

Fan-Powered Terminal Units. Fan-powered te m i-

nal unit filters serving patient rooms should be inspected @

monthly or on an effective preventative maintenance cycle fo r

pressure drop and replaced when the pressure drop causes a

reduc tion in air flow.


14/16

This ann ex is not p ar t of this standard. I t is merely

informative an d does not contain requirements necessary

for conformance to the standard. It has not been

processed according to the ANSI requirements for a

standard and may contain material that has not been

subject to public review or a consensus process.

Unresolved objectors on informative material are not

offered the right to appeal at SHR E o r ANSI.)

INFORM TIVE NNEX B

BIBLIOGR PHY

ACS, 2000.

Gu~ deliiies or Optiiital Ainbtrlato~y Si~r gica l

Care aird Oflce-based Sirrgeiy.

31d ed. American Col-

lege of S urgeons, Chicago, IL 6061 1

AIA

2006. The American Institute of Architects and The

Facilities Gu~d elines nstitute.

G~rideliitesor Design

and Conshrctioir of Hospital aiid Health Care Faci11-

ties. American Institute of Architects Press, Washiig-

ton, DC 2006.

ASHRAE, 1999. hfethod of Testing General VentilationAir-

Cleaning Devices for Removal Eficiency by Particle

Size.

ANSUASHRAE Standard 522-1999.

ASHRAE, 2003. 2003 A S H M Handbaok-Applica tions ,

Chapter 7, Health C are Facilities. American Society of

Heating, Rehgerating, and Air-Conditioning Engi-

neers, Inc., Atlanta GA.

ASHRAE, 2003.

W A C Desigrl 12faniinl for Hospita ls and

Health Care Facilities,

American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.,

Atlanta GA.

ASHRAE, 2004.

77teimal Enviroi~mental Cai ~dit iom i r

Hiiman O cciipai~cy,

NSUASHRAE Standard 55-2004.

ASHRAE, 2005. 2005

A S H M Handbook-Frmdomentals ,

Chap ter 35, Duct Desifg. American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.,

Atlanta GA.

ASHRAE, 2007.

Ventilat ion for Acceptable Indoor

Air

Ouality,

ANSUASHRA E Standard 62.1-2007. Am eri-

Society of Heating, Refrigerating,

and

Air-

Conditionin g Engineers, Inc. Atlanta, GA.

CANICSA-2317.2-01 Special Requirements for Heating,

Ventilation, and ii Conditioning Systems

in

Health

Care Facilities Sep tember 2001.

CDC, 2005.

Gtiideliiles or Preoeiitiiig the Transntissioil of

~fj~cabocteri~ii i liberculosis br Healtli-Care Facilities.

FederalRegistei;

2005. Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, A tlanta, GA.

CDC, 2003. Guideliires or Ein~iroirii~ei~tali$ectioit coiitrol

in health-care facilities. Morbidity and klortality

Weeldy Report MMWR), June

6,

2003. Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.

Charles S. Hayden 11, O.E. Jo hnston, RT . Hugh es, and P.A.

Jensen, 1998.Air

Volimieiz.figration

i r

Negative Pres-

sure Isolatioir Ra onls Dririiig Eiib y/E xit.

Applied Occu-

pational and Enviranmeotal Hygiene, 13 7): 518-527;

1998.

Coogan, JJ, 1996.

Effects of Sui~ olind iiig paces an Roonis

Presstriized y Differential Flow Control.

ASHRAE

Transaction s 1996, 102, Pt 1.

Hermans,

RD.

2000.

Healtlz C are Facilify Design Ma nual-

Room Design.

ASHR AE Transactions Vol. 1 06, Pt. 2

Lewis,

J.R,

1987.

Operatiiig room air distributioil effective-

ness.

ASHR AE Transactions 93 2):1191-1198.

Mem arzadeh F and Manning A, 2002.

Comparison of oper-

ating room ventilatioit ?stems in the protection of the

surgical site. ,

ASHRAE Transactions, V.108, Pt. 2,

2002.

Memarzadeh

F and Jiang Z. 2004. Effects of Operoting

Room Geom ehy and Vei~tilation ystem Parameter Vari

ations oil the Protectioii of the S ~rrg icnl ite , LAQ 2004:

Critical Operations: Supporting the Healing Environ-

ment through IAQ Performance Stand ards.

Ni iom ura , P. and Judene Bartley, 2001.

Nav Veiztilatioii

Guide lines for Healtlr-Care Facilities,

ASHRAE Jour-

nal, June 2001, Atlanta, GA

NFPA, 2005. Standard for Health Care Facilities. NFPA-99-

2005. National Fire Protection Association 1 Battery-

march Park, Quincy, M assachusetts USA 02169

SMACNA,

Duct Cleaiiliness or Nav Canstnrction Guide-

lines.

USP-797, Guidebook to Pharmaceutical Compounding-

Sterile Preparations, US Pha ma cop eial Convention.

29 C FR Pa rt 1910.1047, Occupational Exposlue to Ethylene

Oxide.


15/16

NOTICE

INSTRUCTIONS FO R SUBM ITTING PROPOSED CH NGE TO

THIS ST ND RD UN DE R CONT INUOUS M INTEN NCE

Thi s stand ard is maintained under continuous maintenan ce procedures by a Standing Standard Project C ommittee (SSPC) for

wh ich the Standards Comm ittee has established a docum ented progtam for regular publication of addenda or revisions, includ-

ing procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. SSPC consider-

ation w ill be given to proposed changes within 13 months of receipt by the ma nager of standards (MOS).

Proposed changes must be submitted to the M OS in the latest published form at available fio m the MOS. However, the MOS

m ay accept proposed changes in an earlier published format if the M O S conc ludes that the diEferences are imm aterial to the

proposed change submittal.

f

the MOS concludes that a current form must he utilized, the proposer may he giv n up to

20 additional days to resubmit the proposed changes in the current format.

ELECTRONIC PREP R TIONISUBMISSION OF FORM

FO R PROPOSING CH NGES

n electtonic version of each change, which mu st com ply with the instructions in the Notice and the Form, is the prefe ned

fo rm of submittal to ASHRAE H eadquarters at the address shown below. The electronic format facilitates both paper-based

and computer-based processing. Submittal in pape r form is acceptable. The following instructions apply to chnnge proposals

submitted in electronic form .

U se the appropriate file format for your wo rd processor and save the file in either a recent version of Microsoft Word (pre-

ferred ) or another commonly used word-processing program. Please save each change proposal file with a different nam e (for

exam ple, propOl.doc, prop02.doc:' etc .).

f

supplemental background documents to support changes submitted are

inclu ded, it is preferred that they also be in e lectro nic form as word-pro cessed or scanned documents.

ASHRAE will accept the following as equivalent to the signature required on the change submittal form to convey non-

exclusive copyright:

Files attached to a n e-mail:

Files on a CD:

Eleclm nic signature on change submittal form

(as apicture; *.tif, or *.wpg).

Electronic signature on change submittal form

(as a pictute; *.tif, or *.wpg) or a letter with submitter's

signature accompanying the CD or sent by facsimile

(single letter may covet all o f proponent's proposed cbanges).

Submit an e-mail or

a

CD containing the change proposal files to:

Manager of Standards

ASHRAE

1791 Tullie Circle, NE

Atlanta, GA 30329-2305

E-mail: change proposal@ashrae org

(Alternatively, mail paper versions to ASHRAE address or fax to 404-321-5478.)

T h e form and instructions for electronic submittal may b e obtained from the Standards section of ASHRAE's Home Page,

www .ashrae.org, or by contacting a Standards Secretary, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.

Ph one : 404-636-8400. Fax: 404-321 -5478, E-mail: [email protected].


16/16

POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRA E S CONC ERN

FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES

ASHR AE is concerned with the impact of its mem bers activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRA E s

members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems and

components in their responsibility while m aximizing the b eneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with acce pted

standard s an d the practical state of the art.

ASHR AE s short-range goal is to ensure that the system s an d components within its scope do not impact the indoor and

outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards and guidelines as established by itself and other

responsible bodies.

As an ongoing goal. ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical committee structure,

continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recomm end, and promote those new

an d revised standards developed by other responsible organizations.

Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters w ill contain up-to-da te standards and design considerations as the material is

systematically revised.

ASHR AE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its prirnaty interest and will seek

out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards and

guidelines.

The e ffects of the design and selection of equipment and systems w ill be considered within the scope of the system s

intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous m aterials, if any, will also be considered.

ASHR AE s primary concern for environmental im pact will be at the site where equipment within ASHR AE s scope

operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energy

transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made by

its m embers.