ASHOK LALL

IGBC,Ahmedabad-2015

Innovation for Low Carbon Construction

.. Whilst most growth is expected to be in

developing countries

1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

x 107 Annex I

Year

N2OCH4Forestry CO2Fossil CO2

1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

x 107 Non-Annex I

Year

N2OCH4Forestry CO2Fossil CO2

19000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Em

issi

ons

in T

g C

O2e

q.

19000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Em

issi

ons

in T

g C

O2e

q.

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

IPCC SRES A1B scenario

… and developing

country emission growth be limited?

How can developed country emissions be reduced…

Michael Grubb, Chief Economist, The Carbon Trust

Spectrum of Innovation in building technology

May have high import cost and require large scale to be affordable

Embodied Energy vs Operational Energy

Given that the window of

opportunity for reversing climate

change has a horizon of the next

ten years and also that the boom

of residential building

construction is expected to be at

its height in the same decade ,

the contribution of embodied

energy to CO2 emissions draws

our attention .

The aspirational trend toward air

conditioned comfort or better

thermal comfort will be the

cause of substantial rise

operational energy for

residential buildings

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

kWh/m

2

Years

Embodied Energy (kWh/m2) Operational Energy (kWh/m2)

At a conservative estimate the impact of embodied energy at the start of a residential building’s life is as much as operational energy spent over 10 years .

Embodied Energy: Building Structure & Finishes

Embodied Energy analysis of typical

multistory building shows that

approximately 80 percent of the

embodied energy of the total

buildings is attributed to structural

systems and external walls .

=

Embodied Energy

Reinforcement steel - 27.3 MJ/Kg Cement - 3.2 MJ / Kg

Concrete

23%

Reinforcement

Steel55%

Brickwork

8%

Fenestration

6%Plaster

2%

Paint

2% Flooring

4%

March 20, 2012

HOUSING PROTOTYPE

On site T Beams

and Hollow block

production for

floor constructions

1. Vertical cooling ducts formed between parallel

load bearing masonry walls , which act as coolth

stores .

2. Horizontal cooling ducts formed by Precast

Hollow Block floor construction , which also

become coolth stores .

On site GGBS

block production

for wall masonry

Pre cast Hollow blocks forming cooling ducts

COOL SLABS

March 20, 2012

INTEGRATION

� Problem

o Minimizing environmental impact of residential buildings in construction as well as in thermal performance for comfort cooling

� Solution proposed by the invention

o Using thermal capacity of high density structure as a coolth store by passage of cool air through walls and floors

o INTEGRATED SYSTEM: Integrating material properties with structural systems and spatial configuration : optimizes environmental performance and cost

Inhabited

spaceHollow

cooled

space

EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY ARE BEST ACHIEVED BY INTELLIGENT INTEGRATION OF ALL BUILDING

COMPONENTS

S E C T I O N

F C CHANNELSMASONARY DOMES

P L A N

STRUCTURE

RCC frame

Ferro cement channels

Shallow domes

INCOME DISTRIBUTIVE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

•Efficiency and reliability with low

investment.

• Technologies to create wealth

and knowledge locally.

• Ferro cement

• Shallow masonary dome.

•Precast concrete screen

•Stabilized mud block

•Stabilized Fal-G block

•Terracotta screen

• woodwork for doors and windows

•0

EMBODIED ENERGY : Building Fabric

F C CHANNELS

P L A N

Balconies: Mango, bamboo

Roof terrace : Recycled china mosiac

Insulation roof: Vermiculite

Pergola structures: Poplar, Eucalyptus, bamboo

Insulation wall: Air cavity, recycled polystyrene

Boundary wall, ramps:

Excavated random quartzite

Floors: Polished / unpolished sandstone

Doors & windows: Mango wood & bamboo board

Walls: Mud block, flyash block, some burnt brick-exposed finish

Sills & copings: Unpolished sandstone Minimum glass area

No Aluminium

Galvanised steel for

fasteners

No synthetic paint

30.0025.70

91.15

.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

% saving

Structural system Masonry infill Windows/Doors

Reduction in embodied energy %COMPARED TO BUSINESS AS USUAL

ANALYSIS

Cement 18.35%

Sand0.00%

Glass2.19%

Stone2.46%

Aggregate1.20%

Steel63.26%

Timber/Wood0.27%

Bricks/Blocks8.16%

Others4.11%

Cement 13.96%

Sand3.39%

Aggregate5.47%

Timber/Wood16.36%

Steel34.71%

Others0.67%

Bricks/Blocks7.43%Tiles

1.57%Stone

12.16%Glass0.29%

Ferro cement concrete3.98%

Material distribution by embodied energy %Material distribution by mass %in kg Others1.34% Cement

7.75%

Aggregate20.87%

Sand15.95%Bricks/Blocks

44.18%

Steel2.86%

Stone6.43% Timber/Wood

0.47%Glass0.16%

Cost distribution by material %

ANALYSIS

BUILDING LEVEL STRATEGY – PASSIVE DESIGN •Row housing to reduce peripheral wall exposure.

•Cross ventilation

•Naturally ventilated toilets.

•External shading system – balconies and sun shade frames.

•End wall shading

•Day lighting in all spaces

BUILDING LEVEL STRATEGY – WINDOWS AND BALCONIES

MorningAfternoonRain