ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE26 (2)

8/7/2019 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE26 (2)

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INTRODUCTION

AI is a new step, very helpful to the society.

This field is defined as the study and design of intelligent

agents.

It has long been recognized by researchers in artificial

intelligence that attempting to state theories about human

mental processes using natural language is filled with

difficulties.


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Contd.There are many definitions of artificial intelligenceThere are many definitions of artificial intelligence --perhapsperhaps as many as there are researchers in the fieldas many as there are researchers in the field..

1.1. TheThe use of computer programs and programminguse of computer programs and programmingtechniques to cast light on the principles oftechniques to cast light on the principles ofintelligence'.intelligence'.

2.2. The study of ideas which enable computers to doThe study of ideas which enable computers to do thethe

thingsthings that make people seemthat make people seem intelligent.intelligent.3.3. The part of computer science concerned withThe part of computer science concerned with

designing systemsdesigning systems that exhibit the characteristics wethat exhibit the characteristics weassociateassociate withwith intelligence in humanintelligence in human behaviour.behaviour.


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QUEST FOR ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE1943 -Boolean circuitmodel of brain

1950 Turing's ComputingMachinery and Intelligence"

1965- Robinson'scomplete algorithm for

logical reasoning

1966-74 AI discovers

computational complexity

1969-79 Early development ofknowledge-based systems

1985-95 Neural networksreturn to popularity

which disappeared in in1966

21st century: Invention ofROBOTICS

1950s EarlyAI

programs,includingSamuel'scheckersprogram,Newell &

Simon'sLogicTheorist,Gelernter'sGeometryEngine


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WHAT IS AI?Automated Problem Solving

Machine Learning

Logic and Deduction

Computer visionComputer vision


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TYPES OF AIy AI is mainly classified into two parts:

y Weak AI

y Strong AI


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WEAK AIy An artificial intelligence system which is not intended to

match or exceed the capabilities of human beings.y This type of A.I. is presently incorporated into society,

especially in large industries.y It refers to technology that is able to manipulate

predetermined rules and apply the rules to reach awell-defined goal.

y Weak A.I. also has a very exciting future.

y With the exponential growth of computing power at hand,scientists believe that weak A.I. breakthroughs are in thenear future. One technology that is projected to emerge isthe super-computer


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STRONG AIy The second form of artificial intelligence is strong A.I.y Strong A.I. refers to technology that has the ability to

think cognitively or is able to function in a way similar

to the human brain.y Its also called as True AI, as they are truly intelligent.y It is found that this intelligence is never achieved being

more specific there is no hopes of achieving thisintelligence.


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Branches of AIy Logical AIy Searchy Planning

y Representationy Inferencey Common sense knowledge and reasoningy Learning from experiencey Pattern recognition

y Genetic programmingy Epistemologyy Ontologyy Heuristics


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CHARACTERISTICS OF AI


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ROBOTICSy It is the science and

technology of robots, andtheir design ,manufacture,

and application.y Intelligence is required for

robots to be able to handlesuch tasks as objectmanipulation and

navigation, with sub-problems of localization,mapping and motionplanning.


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Sony launched the Artificial Intelligencerobot dog (AIBO) in 1999, the pooch wasregarded as a breakthrough in the robotentertainment market. Since then, AIBO(meaning love or attachment in

Japanese) . AIBO is the first generation of AI pets

designed to learn and adapt to itsenvironment.

These automatons can communicate overwireless networks and even photographthings they see and post these to their

personal (owners) websites. He will wag his tail when patted on the head,

and, if youre lucky, hell produce anaffectionate high-pitched squeal.

The robo-pup can respond to voicecommands, pick up his AIBOne, and playwith his balls just like a real dog.


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PARO

P

aro has got to be thecutest and most lifelikeof all the artificial pets.

He is what is known asa Mental CommitmentRobot developed tointeract with human

beings and make themfeel emotionalattachment. Theserobots are specificallyaimed to triggersubjective evaluationsand have shown to have

positive psychological,physiological (such asimprovement in vitalsigns), and social effectsamong inpatients andcaregivers young andold.


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APPLICATIONSy Computer science

y Finance

y Medicine

y Heavy industry

y Transport

y Telecommunication

y Toys and games

y Games

y Toys

y Music


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ApplicationofAI in Systemsy Speech Recognition

y Facial Recognition System

y Handwriting recognition system


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Speech Recognitiony It is a technology that

allows the computer toidentify the understand

words spoken by a personusing a microphone ortelephone.

y The ultimate goal of thetechnology is to be able to

produce a system that canrecognize with 100%accuracy all words that arespoken by any person.


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Facial Recognition Systemy Computer application for

automatically identify or

verifying a person from adigital image or a videoframe from a videosource.


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Handwriting recognitionsystemy Ability of a computer to receive the interpret

intelligent handwritten input.

y

The image of the written text may be sensed off linefrom a piece of paper by optical scanning (opticalcharacter recognition).

y Alternatively the movements of the pen tip may be

sensed on line, for example by a pen-based computerscreen surface.


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Advantagesy Artificial intelligence finds applications in space

exploration. Intelligent robots can be used to explore

spacey Painstaking activities, which have long been carried

out by humans can be taken over by the robots.

y Artificial intelligence can be utilized in the completion

of repetitive and time-consuming tasks efficiently.y Intelligent machines can be employed to do certain

dangerous tasks.


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Disadvantagesy Concepts such as wholeheartedness and dedication in

work bear no existence in the world of artificial

intelligence.y Lack a creative mind.

y Thinking machines will govern all the fields andpopulate all positions pre-occupied by people.


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Conclusiony Eventually, it is up to you whether to stand by artificial

intelligence or warn yourself of the likely disaster that

it may lead to.y In my view, there is no ideal replacement for human

beings.

y Artificial intelligence can help alleviate the difficulties

faced by man but intelligent machines can never behuman.


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THANK YOU

Presented by:Ganesh NairAzhikode Aishwarya.JNidhi Malik

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE26 (2)