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Tsoukalas, George
Engl. 213
Professor Jeanette Novakovich
October 14 2010
Synthesis (Rough Draft): The Neuroscience of Dance
Humans have a distinct method of demonstrating their emotions whether it may be
through art, music or even dancing. Although dancing and its history is unclear of where it may
have originated, authors Steven Brown and Lawrence M. Parsons unfold the scientific and
biological mysteries regarding dance and the brain. According to the authors, a complex neural
encoding exists enabling most dancers to perform fluently, unlike common belief that claims:
Practice makes perfect. Similarly, other researchers such as Bachner-Melman et al compare
dancing and its movements to mankinds ancestor theHomo sapiens, accepting a general
consensus involving innate ability to creatively dance. Recent studies show that the brain does in
fact stimulate a humans body, but does this mean everyone can manage without practicing?
In the article The Neuroscience of Dance..., Brown et al state: To hop on one foot...
requires calculations relating to spatial awareness, balance, intention and timing, among other
things, in the brains sensorimotor system, this proves that there is an existing scientific
correlation between muscle contractions and a humans brain. This particular experiment studied
a sample of 5 male and 5 female amateur tango dancers. A positron-emission tomography was
used to record all cerebral activity while the performers executed various dance steps and
techniques; particularly, the crucial areas of the brain, which direct the dancers legs through
time and space, which are located in the parietal lobes precuneus region (Brown et al 2008).
Such findings are specific indicators supporting the correlation between innate ability and the
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process of retaining dance moves. The author later specifies how a dancer, while waltzing, plots
a mental path enabling him or her to perform at his or her own level. Although ambiguous at
times, performing synchronized and accurate dance manoeuvres can be extremely strenuous and
complicated for some; for others, this is simply part of their genetic makeup. In a supporting
studyAVPR1a and SLC6A4 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Creative Dance
Performance conducted by Bachner-Melman et al, the authors argue how only specific
individuals are in fact inherently endowed with the genetic capacity to perform without having
to practice. Bachner-Melman establishes this point when he states: Dance, as an expressive art
form, is often considered inherently creative, especially when compared with a nonartistic
domain. It is also a cultural form that results from creative processes that manipulate human
bodies in space and time (embodiment) (Bachner-Melman 2005).
Another important aspect highlighted in the first article would be an individuals innate
mental ability of actually being able to skip the entire process of getting into a rhythm and is
inherently able to do so. Two professors of University College London, Beatriz Calvo and
Patrick Haggard, confirmed this theory by conducting an experiment on ballet dancers, capoeira
dancers and non-dancers. The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate a dancers mental
awareness when viewing his/her personal dancing style, in contrast to viewing a different style
unfamiliar to them. To find this out functional magnetic resonance scans were recorded, the
results showed a rise in pre-motor cortex levels (Brown 2008). This proves how some dancers
innately recognize or register their appropriate dance style or pattern and others simply can not.
This suggests how rhythm and style do in fact reside within the minds of true dancers.
In the second article discussing the origins of mans capacity to learn particular dance
moves and go on to react accordingly, the researchers suggest how such dancing patterns are a
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result of levels of serotonin in our brains. He explains: The serotonin transporter regulates the
level of serotonin, a brain transmitter that contributes to spiritual experience such genetic
makeup benefits those who are able to secrete higher levels of serotonin (Bachner-Melman). As
a result, certain people can dance better and quicker than others.
To conclude, dancing does have a complex neural code behind ones capabilities to
perform on stage or even do a backward flip in the air. Both articles confirm there is a relation
between cerebral activity, genetic makeup and ones ability to dance. Also, innate capabilities are
identified as a process which only occurs with particular individuals. Although our modern
technology can help identify the particular areas involving the brain and kinaesthetic stimulation,
will humanity reach the point of actually being able to calculate an individuals neural capacity
to excel in certain types of dance?
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Works Cited
Bachner-Melman R, Dina C, Zohar AH, Constantini N, Lerer E, et al. (2005)AVPR1a and
SLC6A4 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Creative Dance Performance. PLoS Genet
1(3): e42. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010042.
Brown, S. & Parsons, L. M. (2008). The Neuroscience of Dance: Recent brain-imaging studies
reveal some of the complex neural choreography behind our ability to dance. Scientific
American, INC. pp. 78-83.
http://mercury.concordia.ca:4550/resserv?__char_set=utf8&id=doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010042&sid=libx&genre=articlehttp://mercury.concordia.ca:4550/resserv?__char_set=utf8&id=doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010042&sid=libx&genre=articlehttp://mercury.concordia.ca:4550/resserv?__char_set=utf8&id=doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010042&sid=libx&genre=article