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Contents
Acronyms 7
Acknowledgements 10
Directors’ Message 11
Executive Summary 13
1. ArticulAtion of tErritoriAl AnD thEMAtic
nEtworkS for huMAn DEvElopMEnt 17
1.1. Evolution of the development landscape 18
1.2. Complementarity between Decentralized Cooperation
networks and the Multilateral Framework:
the territories’ voice in the global debate 19
1.3. Multilevel articulation: a local approach to national policies
for local development 22
1.4. Development of local and national capacities 23
1.5. Information and Communication Technologies: bridging
the digital gap in the Mediterranean 31
1.6. Local Economic Development: bridging microfinances
and macroeconomics 33
2. Art’S GlobAl DiMEnSion: A tool for
tErritoriAl nEtworkS 43
2.1 Knowledge Creation and Exchange 45
2.2 Innovation: a resource for local development 51
2.3 Seminars and events 57
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3. Art initiAtivE’S MAinStrEAMinG in Support of
unDp’S 2008-2011 StrAtEGic plAn (EXtEnDED to 2013) 59
3.1. The decision to mainstream ART in support of UNDP’s 2008-2011
Strategic Plan (extended to 2013) 60
3.2. Mutually reinforced policies and field practices 60
3.3. Specific ART contributions to the Strategic Plan and vice versa 61
3.4. Corporate Documents reflecting the mainstreaming process 61
4. finAnciAl rEport 67
Annex 75
Communication Activities 76
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Acronyms
AcSur Spanish Consortium of NGOs
ADc Association for Peasants’ Development
ADEcoM Community Development Agency in the Department of Oruro
ADElco Colombia’s National Network of Local Development Agencies
ADo Economic and Social Development Agency of the Prefectures
and Provinces of the Oriental Region, Morocco
ADS Social Development Agency, Morocco
AE Aid Effectiveness
AEciD Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation
AnApEc National Agency for the Promotion of Employment and
Competencies, Morocco
ApDn Social and Economic Agency of the Prefectures and Provinces
of the North of the Kingdom, Morocco
Art initiative Articulation of Territorial and Thematic Cooperation Networks
for Human Development
AS Acción Social, Colombia
bAnDEc Credit and Trade Bank, Cuba
bcpr Bureau for Conflict Prevention and Recovery
cAf Andes Development Cooperation
cDG Capacity Development Group
cEDAw Committee for the Elimination of Discrimination Against
Women
cGEM General Confederation of Morocco’s Entrepreneurs
cirEM Center of European Initiatives and Research in the
Mediterranean
coDESul Council for Development and Integration of Southern Brazil
concopE Consortium of Ecuador’s Provincial Governments
confocoS Confederation of Solidarity and Development Funds
cSos Civil Society Organizations
Dc Decentralized Cooperation
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DGcl Directorate General of Local Communities
Eu European Union
fAMSi Andalusian Municipalities Fund for International Solidarity
fElcoS Umbria Local Government Funds for Decentralized Cooperation and Sustainable
Human Development
foGAr Forum of Global Associations of Regions
friDEl Rotating Credit Fund for Local Economic Development Initiatives
Gfd Guarantee Funds
GiS Geographical Information System
hEGoA Institute of Development Studies and International Cooperation
hlf-4 Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness
icts Information and Communication Technologies
inDh National Initiative for Human Development, Morocco
iSDEMu Secretary of Social Inclusion and the Institute for Women’s Development, El Salvador
iSi@MED Information Society Initiative for the Mediterranean
lED Local Economic Development
lEDAs Local Economic Development Agencies
lpc Local Programming Cycle
MAf MDG Acceleration Framework
MDG-f MDG Achievement Fund
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MEpYD Ministry of Economy, Planning and Development, Dominican Republic
MyDEl Women and Local Economic Development
ncc National Coordination Committee
nGos Non-Governmental Organizations
nSic National System of International Cooperation, Colombia
oEcD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
olAGi Latin American Organization of Intermediate Governments
pcD Communal Development Plans, Morocco
pDhl Local Human Development Programme, Cuba
prc Regional Competitiveness Plan
pwG Provincial Working Groups
rEDEl Local Economic Development Network of Mozambique
rEMAlDh Latin American Network of Local Economic Development Agencies for Human
Development
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ruEDA Local Economic Development Agency of Ruhuna
SAE Junta of Andalusia Employment Service
SAE Secretariat for Strategic Affairs, El Salvador
SEbrAE Brazil’s Support Service for Small and Medium Enterprises
SSDt Sub-Secretariat of Territorial Development and Decentralization, El Salvador
tikA Turkish Agency of International Cooperation
trAAloG Transparency and Accountability in Local Governments
twGs Territorial Working Groups
uclG United Cities and Local Governments
unDAf United Nations Development Assistance Framework
unfpA United Nations Population Fund
unS United Nations System
wp-Eff Working Party on Aid Effectiveness
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Acknowledgements
To the countries, and Decentralized Cooperation networks actively com-mitted to the ART Global Initiative.
To UNDP Country Offices and Country Teams in Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Gabon, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Lebanon, Morocco, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Senegal, Syria, Sri Lanka and Uruguay.
To the coordinators of the various ART Programmes and their teams.
To ART Initiative’ experts and international collaborators.
To UNDP Partnerships Bureau in New York.
To UNDP Bureau for Development Policy in New York.
To UNDP Regional Offices.
To UNDP Regional Centers.
To the UNDP Office in Geneva.
To the HUB for Innovative Partnerships’ team.
To the ART International Coordination team in Geneva.
To the ART Antennas’ teams in Seville and Barcelona.
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Directors’ Message
the complexity of today’s world context and the need to achieve objectives such as sustainable human development, the Millennium Development Goals and the principles of the paris Declaration on the Effectiveness of Development Aid are a challenge to international cooperation ac-tors and call for the formulation of more efficient strategies to deal with it.
At present, in response to national and lo-cal demands and priorities, we are faced with the need to articulate development actions in view of reducing the risk of frag-mentation, particularly at the local level. in addition, as development actors, we seek to improve the transparency and effective-ness of our actions, minimizing aid costs, increasing its impact and promoting new cooperation partnerships.
reaching these objectives and taking on these challenges is a test that not only concerns traditional development actors, but also all new cooperation players such as regional and local governments, the pri-vate sector, universities, non-Governmental organizations (nGos) and civil society.
in response to this changing develop-ment scenario, in 2005 unDp promoted an innovative cooperation modality to facilitate the complementarity of actions undertaken by multiple and diverse ac-tors operating at the local level and steer their strategies towards national and local development processes: the Art
Global initiative (Articulation of territorial and thematic cooperation networks for human Development).
Art promotes a cooperation paradigm that differs from the traditional “donor-beneficiary” relationship; it focuses in-stead on establishing a “dialogue between the territories’ social and economic actors”, to facilitate the permanent exchange of knowledge and experiences on issues of “common interest”. Among these are the environment, health, human security, mi-gration, climate change, the rational use of water and energy sources, alternatives to illegal economy, the fight against transmis-sible diseases, preservation of historical heritage and cultural identity. this dialogue is an instrument that contributes to tackle complex and delicate issues in a struc-tured, sustainable way; it acknowledges the contribution of Decentralized cooperation not as an additional source of funds, but as a pragmatic and innovative mobilization strategy for human development and the continuous dialogue between territories.
Since then and until now, Art has contrib-uted to foster this exchange through the implementation of multiactor, multilevel and articulation framework programmes. in the countries where they are implement-ed, these frameworks offer a program-matic, strategic and operational reference which allows the various international, national and local actors operating locally, to jointly support development processes,
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and contribute to the achievement of the MDGs. this report presents the results of the implementation of this common strategy, as reflected in the articulation frameworks that have contributed to reach more coherence and impact of ac-tivities implemented by actors at the local level.
At the same time, it presents the results achieved by the Art programmes in Asia, Africa, the balkans, the Mediterranean
Sigrid Kaag
Assistant Administrator
Olav Kjorven
Assistant Administrator
and latin America, where the complemen-tarity with Decentralized cooperation has shown, once more, that Art is a strategy that can respond to the territory’s needs whilst seeking coherence and articulation with national policies and processes. in addition, this strategy uses its own expe-rience and good practices, leading to the generation of technical, technological and organizational innovations, the exchanges of which become an important and effec-tive dialogue between territories.
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the Art Global initiative (Articulation of territorial and thematic cooperation networks for human Development) —here-inafter Art— promotes the creation of horizontal, innovative and inclusive partner-ships among international cooperation ac-tors and between countries from the South and north. Art contributes to face up to the changes posed by the current develop-ment paradigms, which highlight the need to translate the operational coherence be-tween local, national and global dimensions into actions and results; the articulation between different actors who operate at the local level; the partnerships with civil soci-ety and local collectivities; and cooperation activities driven by the territories’ demands.
the united nations Development pro-gramme (unDp) recognizes the role of these international cooperation actors in decentralization, territorial develop-ment, governance and the Millennium Development Goals. Art is an entry point for those international cooperation part-ners who wish to harmonize their actions in support of national local development poli-cies, in the framework of a concrete effort to “fulfill the promise: united to achieve the MDGs”, as acknowledged in the october 2010 MDG summit.
this approach is another element particular to the initiative, which is the appraisal of an underestimated resource, whether in nation-al development processes or in traditional cooperation: Decentralized cooperation. local governments represent the duo of citizens/elected, who by themselves own a natural wealth of experience in terms of lo-cal management and knowledge of the terri-tories’ social and economic actors. As such, they are strategic actors able to operate within the democratization dynamics defin-ing cooperation actions in different political, social, religious and economic contexts. the capitalization on this enormous potential has enabled an effective and necessary dia-logue between territories, in view of achiev-ing cohesion and concensus-building at the local, national and international levels.
currently, Decentralized cooperation ac-tors from more than 600 regional and local governments, ranging from associations to universities, civil society, nGos, founda-tions and private sector companies, work in a coordinated and complementary manner through cooperation networks established by the Art framework programmes. in the 19 countries of Africa, Asia, latin America, the balkans and the Mediterranean1 where the Art initiative is in place, more than 46
Executive Summary
1 in Africa, the programmes are: Art pApDEl Mozambique, Art GolD Senegal, Art GolD Mauritania and Art GolD Gabon. in Asia: Art GolD indonesia and Art Sri lanka. in the balkans: Art GolD Albania and Art GolD kosovo. in latin America: Art bolivia, women and local Economic Development —MyDEl— (Guatemala, honduras, El Salvador and nicaragua), Art-rEDES colombia, pDhl cuba, Art GolD Dominican republic, Art Ecuador, Art uruguay and Art El Salvador. in the Mediterranean: Art GolD lebanon, Art GolD Syria and Art GolD Morocco.
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regions, 22 provinces and 325 municipali-ties benefit from this approach. Moreover, there are 7 bilateral donors: belgium, canada, Spain, italy, Monaco, Switzerland and Sweden, as well as the European union, in addition to the funds brought in by the country programmes themselves.
in this sense, since 2006 Art has consoli-dated itself as a valuable instrument that increases aid effectiveness at the local level, favoring the complementarity of ac-tors in the field and the coherence between local processes and national strategies. As well as appraising the invaluable resource epitomized in the experiences, good prac-tices and innovations of Decentralized cooperation networks, articulated with ongoing local and national development processes in the countries.
in the period of 2005 to 2009, the Art framework programmes in 17 countries in Africa, Asia, latin America, the balkans and the Mediterranean demonstrated that assuming this challenge is complex yet possible, and that this harmonization leads to an increase in cooperation effectiveness and efficiency, when compared to the for-mulation of endless onetime projects. on the other hand, the more than 1.200 local, national and international actors who use and have given life to the Art framework programmes have proven their commit-ment to overcoming the administrative and operational limitations and complexities inherent to the implementation of widely shared concepts such as harmonization and coordination. As a result, new instru-ments, mechanisms and organizational forms have been identified to transform the 8th MDG, “promoting a world alliance for development”, into a strategy at the disposal of the territorial networks of the north and the South.
the results of the 2009 Annual report marked the beginning of a new phase for the Art initiative, to be implemented in the period of 2010-2013, clearly geared towards mainstreaming Art in unDp’s corporate strategies and policies and have countries where it is implemented take ownership over it and institutionalize it.
the results presented in this report refer to the innovative practices applied by the Art initiative in 2010, in fields related to recent debates in the international cooperation scene, such as actor complementarity at the local level, multilevel governance, sup-port to processes instead of projects and the added value of counting on a multilat-eral framework. that is, the possibility of tackling the complexity of policies related to the environment, health, education, gov-ernance, decentralization and gender ap-proach with actions articulated in the local, national and global dimensions.
Another methodological instrument com-mon to the practices and results presented in this report is the permanent relationship between the operational and strategic di-mensions. this is a widely shared concept, but it is not always practiced. it is all about finding a balance between the understand-able need to generate immediate results in response to the communities’ shortages and the risk that cooperation could end up substituting services and development processes instead of reinforcing them to enable the countries to better undertake their complex and difficult tasks.
this 2010 report also deals with the new challenge of showing the sustainability of the Art framework programmes, so their positive effect on development processes is maintained as a permanent resource in the respective countries.
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in the different thematic areas, it is worth noting that in 2010, public-private instru-ments of public policies were reinforced for the appraisal of the territories’ economic potentialities, such as the local Economic Development Agencies (lEDAs). the lEDAs of Albania, bolivia, colombia, Dominican republic, Ecuador, lebanon, Mozambique, uruguay and Sri lanka have become a ref-erence for the meso territorial approach on local economic and employment strate-gies, filling the gap between microactions (such as microcredit and microfinancing) and macroeconomics. the un women MyDEl programme in central America has successfully used this approach to achieve its aim of empowering women in the entre-preneurial field.
in 2010, the Art Global component has shared the practices and knowledge gener-ated by the countries in the sectors men-tioned with local collectivities and local and national institutions. this know-how has been presented to different countries through seminars, workshops, the system-atic exchange of experiences and technical, technological, organizational and manage-rial innovations, mainly through a system-atic South-South, South-north relation-
ship and partnerships from the north and the South.
South-South cooperation, and in par-ticular the triangulation between brazil and turkey; indonesia and Sri lanka; and Morocco, Senegal and Mauritania, have be-come a reality that uses the Art platforms active in the countries to integrate its ac-tivities in existing processes.
in the course of 2010, an international pro-cess of consultation on aid effectiveness at the local level was initiated to be followed up in 2011. the objective of this process is to provide inputs to the ongoing reflection on the strategic role of local and regional governments and the territories’ socioeco-nomic players in governance processes, na-tional decentralization and deconcentration strategies and MDG achievement. Moreover, it aims at appraising the importance of the complementarity of actors in the field and local-national coherence to achieve devel-opment results. the conclusions identified and agreed upon during this wide consul-tation will be presented in the discussions of the fourth high level forum on Aid Effectiveness (hlf-4) which will take place in busan, korea, at the end of 2011.
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Articulation of Territorial and
Thematic Networks for Human
Development
1chapter
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1.1. EvOlutiOn Of thE dEvElOpmEnt landscapE
In the last years, the development cooperation
landscape has experienced an accelerated evolu-
tion that can be summarized as follows:
Evolution of the cooperation paradigm
From the traditional relationship of “donors-bene-
ficiaries” to a logic of dialogue between countries
and territories on issues of “common interest”,
such as the environment, health, human secu-
rity, peace, employment, migration and respect
of human rights. These are issues that directly
influence (positively or negatively) citizens’ lives
and the decisions of local administrations and
national politicians. These are issues the effects
of which can generate problems, contradictions
and tensions; solving them requires efforts at the
municipal, regional and national levels. In view of
influencing their causes and consequences, it is
necessary to suggest and start implementing in-
struments that allow for a dialogue between the
territories at the global level.
the decisive role of municipalities, province,
regions, and their respective social ane
economic players as leading actors in the
“dialogue between territories”
This dialogue allows relating the causes and
effects of “issues of common interest” and
thereby lays a positive background to channel
the authorities’ responses. Moreover, local gov-
ernments have a critical role in the success and
quality of decentralization and deconcentration
national processes. These require reinforcing the
coherence and articulation between local pro-
cesses, the meso level and national development
strategies.
actor multiplication and diversification
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Fifteen years ago, the main cooperation actors be-
longed to three categories: multilateral, bilateral
and Non-Governmental Organizations. Presently
these three are recognized as important and
key international cooperation players. However,
dozens, if not hundreds, of new actors have come
on stage: local and regional governments, pri-
vate sector, foundations, entrepreneurs, unions,
Universities and banks that operate locally. This
has generated the need for instruments that fa-
cilitate articulation within a common strategy and
for action complementarity among the multiple
actors and programmes that often operate in the
same territories, seek common objectives, and
deal with the same national and local interlocu-
tors. Yet, they do so with different timetables, for-
mats, technical approaches and administrative,
programmatic and evaluation mechanisms.
changes in the international cooperation
landscape
There has been a generalized reduction in co-
operation funds among traditional donors, due
to the economic crisis that since 2009 affects
and concerns not only national and local govern-
ments, but also citizens of economically devel-
oped countries. Some have reduced the already
limited funds for development; others wonder
why allocate resources to distant countries, when
they themselves have trouble making ends of the
month meet. At the same time, countries which
until lately were assistance recipients are becom-
ing influential development actors. These changes
not only require traditional and new international
cooperation actors, and also the countries who
receive this assistance, to increase their efforts
in showing impact and results, but also generate
the need to count on an efficient strategy to make
them known.
It is within this context that UNDP’s Partnerships
Bureau (PB) established in its Geneva headquar-
ters the ART Global Initiative (Articulation of
Territorial and Thematic Cooperation Networks
for Human Development), as an entry point for
those international cooperation partners wishing
to harmonize their actions in support of national
strategies of local development. Actors who are
convinced that the territorial approach apprais-
es the role of territorial communities, facilitates
complementarity between different develop-
ment actors in the countries and materializes the
strategic potential of Decentralized Cooperation;
hence improving the effectiveness and efficiency
of support to development processes prioritized
by the countries themselves.
The ART Global Initiative, in coordination with
UNDP’s Bureau for Development Policy, the
Partnerships Bureau and the Regional Service
Centers, supports the establishment of a legal,
programmatic, operational and administrative
framework in those countries who request it: the
ART Framework Programme.
This reference Framework promotes and facili-
tates complementarity in the field between dif-
ferent development actors, both national and in-
ternational (national governments, regional and
local communities, civil society organizations
[CSOs], Universities, NGOs and the private sec-
tor) with the aim of improving aid effectiveness
and its positive impact on development process-
es prioritized by the countries themselves and
achieving the MDGs.
1.2. cOmplEmEntarity bEtwEEn dEcEntralizEd cOOpEratiOn nEtwOrKs and thE multilatEral framEwOrK: thE tErritOriEs’ vOicE in thE glObal dEbatE
The articulation between local, national and inter-
national actors who operate in the local sphere, as
promoted by the ART Initiative, has been acknowl-
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edged as a valuable tool. It has reinforced UNDP’s
position as a reference for donors and internation-
al cooperation actors interested in increasing the
impact and synergy of their actions in support of
local development processes and their coherence
with national decentralization and deconcentra-
tion policies; at the global level, the Initiative has
positioned itself as a strategic reference to share
knowledge through North-South and South-
South Cooperation actions. Faced with the chal-
lenge of improving the use of existing resources
and demonstrating cooperation’s effectiveness
and efficiency, the Local Programming Cycles
organized by the Local Working Groups have al-
lowed moving towards the objectives of alignment
and harmonization. Decentralized Cooperation
actors have been able to programme initiatives in
a direct and collaborative way, in response to the
territories’ organized demand as expressed in the
territorial diagnoses and strategies.
Some interesting examples of such programming
Frameworks carried out in 2010 are as follows:
In Morocco, since 2007 the ART GOLD Programme
works in the Regions of Tangier-Tetuan and
Oriental, where the creation of multiactor, par-
ticipatory spaces has been promoted (Territorial
Working Groups [TWGs] and Provincial Working
Groups [PWG]). These groups aim at identifying
priorities for international cooperation to sup-
port local processes and policies, which once
approved by the country’s authorities —at all
levels— are translated into Guideline Documents
Global Framework Programmes to strengthen the coordination of development processes: Territorial,
National and International Levels
INTERNATIONAL
TERRITORIAL
NATIONAL
■ Actor Coordination Mechanisms■ Strengthening decentralization
and deconcentration processes ■ Articulation of thematic and
territorial networks with local development plans in partner countries
■ Strengthening capacities and institutional structures
■ Actor Coordination Mechanisms (National Coordination Committees)
■ National Plan for Local Development■ Strengthening capacities and institutional structures■ International Cooperation Guidelies■ Decentralization of international cooperation planning and
management
■ Interagency and multidonor Framework
■ Decentralized Cooperation ■ South-South Cooperation ■ Exchange and transfer of
innovative practices
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for international cooperation. This is why these
Guidelines have become the territory’s reference
documents and contribute to mobilize the inter-
national cooperation’s technical and financial
resources through a partnerships strategy. This
is a notable change, towards demand-based,
rather than supply-based cooperation activities.
Moreover, the results achieved in terms of local
resources’ optimization and national and inter-
national resource mobilization, have favored the
extension of the Programme to other regions of
the Moroccan territory.
In Ecuador, the ART Programme has contrib-
uted to the decentralization process and to the
National Decentralized System of Participatory
Planning, in which all levels of government partici-
pate with the incorporation of the methodology of
articulating and establishing territorial networks
in the planning and territorial coordination pro-
cesses. Another significant contribution has been
dialogue and coordination strengthening between
the central level and decentralized autonomous
governments, expressed in the consensual formu-
lation of the “Guidelines of Planning and Territorial
Management”. Likewise, the Programme has con-
tributed to the construction of zonal development
agendas; these instruments define a desired ter-
ritorial model and offer a management proposal
which will have an effect on public investment
decision making at all government levels.
The joint programming exercise is not only car-
ried out along the Decentralized Cooperation, but
also with local, bilateral and multilateral actors,
NGOs and foundations. In the case of Kosovo,
for instance, Turkey and Finland, together with
other donor countries, participated in the plan-
ning process proposed by the Programme at the
local level. In this sense, it is important to men-
tion the formulation process of the International
Cooperation Strategy of Nariño, Colombia,
as an effort to articulate bilateral cooperation
(Spain, Italy, Canada and Sweden), Decentralized
Cooperation, the United Nations System and lo-
cal actors (local NGOs, grassroots organizations,
etc.). This consensus building exercise between
different local actors has strengthened local-
institutional capacities and the alignment of co-
operation to local priorities, in line with municipal
and departmental development plans. More than
10.000 actors participated in this concertation
and endogenous dialogue effort, representing all
population groups (afro-Colombian, indigenous
groups, victims of the conflict, peasants, etc.), as
well as the academic and private sectors. They all
took part in the formulation of the Development
Plans and the elaboration of the International
Cooperation Strategy. This local-level exchange
is complemented with dialogue and consensus
reached with international cooperation actors. In
other words, this strategy is the concrete result
of a collective undertaking between institutions
and the local, regional, national and international
levels.
In Cuba, the Local Human Development
Programme (PDHL, as per Spanish acronym) is a
reference point, used as a harmonization mecha-
nism by more than 300 international cooperation
actors since its beginning in 1998. In 2010, more
than 90 Decentralized Cooperation actors, orga-
nized in 34 territorial committees, participated
in the Programme. At the territorial level, the
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PDHL is used as a common planning platform
for the two Programmes for MDGs’ achievement
through the MDG Achievement Fund (MDG-F),
other United Nations interagency actions, the
Rural Development Programmes of the Spanish
Consortium of NGOs (ACSUR), Movement for
Peace (MPDL) and Decentralized Cooperation
actions (partners from Belgium, Canada, Spain,
France, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland). Moreover,
it is noteworthy that this Programme has also
been used as a dialogue facilitating space by four
bilateral donors (Spain, Canada, Switzerland and
the European Union), working for Local Human
Development.
1.3. multilEvEl articulatiOn: a lOcal apprOach tO natiOnal pOliciEs fOr lOcal dEvElOpmEnt
In 2010, Framework Programmes consolidated
the actor concensus-building and articulation
mechanisms and the alignment instruments to
territorial and national priorities, all of which were
adapted to each country’s context. The Territorial
Working Groups proved to be an efficient organi-
zational structure to reinforce local governments’
capacities in organizing agreement-reaching
processes between various actors and vis-à-vis
international cooperation.
In 2010, the Initiative supported the creation and
consolidation of approximately 100 Territorial
Working Groups integrated by the territory’s local
governmental authorities, civil society organiza-
TERRITORIAL WORKING GROUPSLocal Governments
UNIVERSITIES
EDUCATION
GENDER
AGRICULTURE
STATISTICS EMPLOYMENT
HEALTH
ENVIROMENT
PLANNING
Territorial Working Groups: Structure
This is the first time that social, national and
international cooperation actors get together to discuss
common strategies.
It is intended that the international cooperation
responds to the territory and that the territory itself
responds to its own needs.
This is a great challenge, due to the ethnical diversity,
the large number of NGOs and cooperation who
are here because of the conflict and the serious
humanitarian situation.
Antonio nAvArro Wolff
Governor of nariño
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TErrITorIAL WorkING GrouPS The Territorial Working Groups (TWGs) are structures aiming at
supporting local-national articulation for better management
of local priorities. They are also inter-sectorial structures which
accompany and promote participatory territorial planning and
facilitate the alignment of the complementary support of inter-
national cooperation.
TWGs reinforce and complement territorial structures and
mechanisms, and by no means substitute existing ones. By
creating and/or reinforcing the TWGs, development planning
and mangement instruments already in place are reinforced.
The TWGs coordinate the Local Planning Cycle (LPC), a pro-
cess which allows territorial actors to plan, sort, implement
and follow-up the territory’s development priorities, through
concrete initiatives agreed upon by the various cooperation
actors, in response to the territory’s integral demand. It is wor-
th mentioning one of the most important LPC documents: the
Guidelines for International Cooperation.
TWGs are led by the Provincial Government, and hence support
local governance. The TWGs’ functions are to:
■ Implement the Local Programming Cycle and formu-
late the Guidelines to manage international coopera-
tion.
■ Promote a wider participation of local actors in pro-
gramming and management of development actions.
■ Coordinate the implementation of different initiatives,
ensuring that actions are planned for and respond to
territorial priorities, hence avoiding duplication and
overlapping.
■ Coordinate and strengthen international cooperation
management.
Through TWG meetings, a new culture of institutional co-
rrelation is promoted: from “competitiveness” to “coopera-
tion”. Furthermore, relationships of trust, essential for the
TWGs functioning, are created. Moreover, their composition
is representative of the territory’s dynamics and institutio-
nal culture.
2 Information gathered from the respective ART Framework Programmes National Reports.
tions, academic and private sectors, NGOs and
international cooperation partners. Moreover, the
Initiative worked to achieve a balanced gender
representation. This result has been essential in
defining the territories’ demands and priorities
following a participatory and bottom-up approach
and has also contributed to the harmonization
of actions with national development strategies,
hence avoiding duplication and maximizing their
impact.2
1.4. dEvElOpmEnt Of lOcal and natiOnal capacitiEs
UNDP defines capacity development as the pro-
cess through which individuals, organizations and
societies obtain, reinforce and maintain capaci-
ties to define and achieve their own development
objectives. UNDP’s approach to capacity develop-
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FuCTIoNS oF THE NATIoNAL CoorDINATIoN CoMMITTEES The National Coordination Committee (NCC) is chaired by the Ministry in charge of the Programme; its secretariat is usually
facilitated by UNDP. It gathers the Ministries’ representatives, authorities, local actors, United Nations agencies and different
international cooperation actors (both bilateral and decentralized) who participate in the Programme.
For instance, in Morocco the NCC is composed of the following counterparts: Ministry of Interior, Directorates of Planning
and Equipment; Judicial Affairs; Documentation and Cooperation Studies; Rural Affairs; International Cooperation and
Training for Administrative and Technical Personnel; the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation; Finance and
Privatization; Modernization of Public Sectors; Territorial Management; and Water and Environment. Moreover, there are
other institutions, such as the General Confederation of Morocco’s Entrepreneurs (CGEM); the National Agency for the
Promotion of Employment and Competencies (ANAPEC); the Social and Economic Agency of the Prefectures and Provinces
of the North of the Kingdom (APDN); the Economic and Social Development Agency of the Prefectures and Provinces of the
Oriental Region (ADO); the Social Development Agency (ADS); the Hassan II Foundation for Moroccans residing abroad;
Representatives of the Regional and Provincial Working Groups in the pilot regions; Universities; and other entities.
In Bolivia, the NCC is led by the Ministry of Planning and is articulated with new national counterparts such as the Productive
Development Ministry and the Autonomies Ministry. Moreover, representatives of the Departmental Working Groups were
incorporated to ensure the articulation of departmental policies with national ones.
The NCC has a key role in disseminating and replicating best practices to other regions of the country.
In Bolivia, the Department of La Paz is immersed in a participatory process to elaborate the Departmental Development
Plan 2010-2020. The general working lines suggested by the autonomous government are those of integral and sustainable
development for the Department’s seven regions, with a particular emphasis on sustained economic growth based on the
improvement of productivity and its transformation. The initial development proposal puts forward an important financial
concurrent investment strategy and autonomous institutional development plan in order to ensure its implementation and
sustainability, through the elaboration and implementation of sectorial and regional plans. This working strategy is part
of the National Development Plan, and the areas it focuses on in La Paz are: dignified, productive, in harmony with Mother
Earth, democratic, sovereign and articulated.
NCC
COHERENCE BETWEEN LOCAL AND NATIONAL
POLICIES
PROCESS MONITORING
COORDINATION INTER-SECTORIAL CO-FINANCING
SPACES OF DIALOGUE
The Role of the National Coordination Committee
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In Morocco, based on the previous results obtained in the regions of Oriental and Tangier-Tetouan as to the support of the
decentralization process and the establishment of Decentralized Cooperation planning and management/coordination
mechanisms , the Programme has focused its efforts on strengthening national and local capacities since 2010. The objec-
tive is to establish, by the end of 2012, an “Offer of Decentralized Cooperation Services” at the national level, thereby taking
ownership of the instruments that have proven efficient in the Programme’s two pilot regions.
At the national level, the NCC fosters the commitment of territorial and cooperation actors in supporting national policies aimed
at facilitating territorial development and decentralization, with an inclusive and gender approach.
In El Salvador, the new government has established a new structure directly placed under the Presidency of the Republic:
the Secretariat for Strategic Affairs (SAE as per Spanish acronym), in charge of governance and modernization, transpa-
rency and anti-corruption and development and decentralization affairs. Within the SAE, the definition and drive of the
latter two issues are the responsibility of the Sub-Secretariat of Territorial Development and Decentralization (SSDT as
per Spanish acronym). It is expected that this territorial management will merge local and national efforts to combine the
experiences in the construction of micro-regions, a process that has been taking place in the country for the last 10 years,
with development and territorial management policies.
The NCC channels donors and partners towards the Framework Programme and encourages international cooperation to support
processes rather than projects.
In Lebanon, a multidonor approach was adopted as of 2009, whereby donors join their contributions in support of strategic
objectives identified by the Working Groups in each of the Programme’s regions of intervention. Thanks to this approach
it has been possible to generate synergies between potential donors, resulting in the co-financing of most of projects
by multiple actors. All of them are informed of the Programme’s progress and achievements through annual reports or
ad hoc reports on their specific contributions. This donor complementarity has also been achieved with Decentralized
Cooperation partners; that is, approximately 50 European local authorities.
The NCC offers the Programmes’ strategic guidance and quality assurance for the interventions. It supports joint monitoring and
evaluation, ensures that ownership principles are implemented and contributes to foster shared responsibility.
In Morocco, the Programme actively participates in several thematic groups to examine each donor’s activities and identify
synergies and complementarity opportunities. It also organizes yearly NCC meetings to share the Programme’s results and
plan joint activities to be carried out during the following year.
The NCC lays a space for exchange, open to representatives of the local, national and international levels; in addition, it facilitates
and promotes South-South Cooperation at the regional and global levels, an important element in the mobilization of partners
and resources.
Indonesia is a pioneer programme in South-South Cooperation. The tripartite collaboration was started by the Governor of
Gorontalo (Indonesia) and the Governor of the South Province (Sri Lanka) in 2008, during the Forum of Global Associations
of Regions (FOGAR) meeting. Since then, five missions have taken place (between 2008 and 2010) and a Letter of Intention
has been signed between the two provinces to exchange expertise and knowledge in agriculture, health and education.
As for agriculture, Sri Lanka has received high yielding corn seeds, which are being tested by the Agriculture Department
to confirm their adequacy for commercial launching. Gorontalo later welcomed experts from Sri Lanka, specialized in
agricultural quality assurance and received training in this particular field of expertise. As for Health, there has been an
information exchange on treatments for common diseases (traditional as well as western) and a working relationship has
been established between the two Provinces’ Health Centers. In education, experts from the Southern Province visited
Gorontalo to carry out a “training of trainers” workshop on curricula management across schools.
The NCC is a flexible governance structure, a privileged dialogue platform, where proposals are discussed with local governments
and shared with national institutions (and vice-versa)
In Lebanon, NCC’s main role and main function is to ensure coherence between local plans, initiatives and activities under-
taken in the ART GOLD Lebanon Framework and national plans and strategies. The NCC is formed by the Development and
Reconstruction Council, the Ministries working with ART GOLD, donor countries and representatives of the ART Programme.
Likewise, the National Committee plays a vital role in approving and endorsing the annual work plan presented by the ART
GOLD Lebanon Framework Programme.
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ment takes the existing capacities in each context
as its starting point and supports national efforts
to expand and sustain them.
The ART Initiative focuses on this approach in a
very operational and practical way, facilitating
through planning and management instruments
the participation of national and sub-national
actors in the design of local development plans
and in territorial Local Programming Cycles. The
Framework Programmes’ tools have become part
of the pragmatic and operational dynamics to
reinforce national and local capacities in support
of national decentralization, de-concentration
and local governance policies. This is the case
of Indonesia, where the Programme has sup-
ported regionalization policies, as well as aid
effectiveness at the local level. In Kosovo, ART
has promoted the elaboration of the Municipal
Guidelines for International Cooperation of
Dragash, a significant result after four months of
intensive work. This initiative has generated con-
crete results in terms of promoting democratic
and inclusive governance through the facilitation
of social and institutional dialogue and the active
participation of citizens in local development
processes.
The Guidelines are meant to contribute to aid ef-
fectiveness and sustainable development at the
local level. Likewise, ART’s programmatic refer-
ence framework has also contributed to trans-
form the action of more than 1.000 European
municipalities into a coherent strategy in support
of rehabilitation and strengthening of the South
and Uva provinces in Sri Lanka. In Colombia,
through the experience of the Nariño Department
a wide international coordination in response to
the Department’s Concerted Development Plan
has been carried out, in complementarity with
national decentralization policies. Moreover, ter-
ritorial diagnoses have been completed, as a
result of dialogue between border municipalities
(between Colombia and Ecuador) where the inter-
agency “Development and Peace Programmes in
the Northern Border” is active. In Ecuador, the
ArticulAtion of cooperAtion Actors
froM A poSt-tSunAMi rEcovErY
contEXt to A lonG-tErM
DEvElopMEnt StrAtEGY in Sri lAnkA
The tsunami that hit Sri Lanka in 2004 generated an unprecedented solidarity movement in Europe, where a large number of Decentralized Cooperation partners joined efforts to support the country’s recovery in the framework of a common strategy. In order to mitigate the fragmentation caused by the response of multiple cooperation players, the Sri Lankan government and its European partners started to work together through the ART Framework.
In April 2005, Spanish Decentralized Cooperation partners and the Confederation of Solidarity and Development Funds (CONFOCOS as per Spanish acronym), with the specific participation of Andalusia, Catalunia, Extremadura and Galicia, in addition to the region of Umbria and the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID; as per Spanish acronym), decided to work together and articulate their support through a common strategic framework: ART Sri Lanka Programme.
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Programme has been used as a mechanism at
the territorial level to generate dialogue spaces
as well as to strengthen institutionalization and
local capacities. The implementation of the ART
methodology in this area involves working in the
midst of the conflict with a peace-building ap-
proach, with the support of UNDP’s Bureau for
Conflict Prevention and Recovery (BCPR); ART
has promoted an articulated territorial-national
framework to foster the complementarity of in-
ternational cooperation actions.
The ART-REDES Programme has focused on local
capacity development, from capacities’ analysis
to conflict mediation and “do no-harm” actions,
in addition to organizational capacity strength-
ening —particularly for grassroots civil society
organizations working on local governance or
socioeconomic projects, so that local actors lead
their own development and peace processes. At
the national level, the Programme has supported
events and forums led by “Acción Social” (AS; as
per Spanish acronym) in the framework of the
National System of International Cooperation
(NSIC) on issues of cooperation management,
Decentralized Cooperation and aid effective-
ness. In the future, there will be a thematic and
operational offer according to the demands by
In light of the country’s circumstances, more efforts are needed to tackle the regional disparities and challenges to human development in rural areas and keep the MDGs on track. In this sense, the Programme works to strengthen local authorities in planning and coordinating development activities and focuses its interventions in areas of the two least developed provinces.
The ART Sri Lanka Programme has been operating in the country for the last four years, during which a positive balance and valuable lessons learned have been attained. In 2010 the Programme entered a new phase, embarking itself in a process to institutionalize its approach in the South Province, facilitating the creation of the Partnerships’ Unit under the umbrella of the Office of the Vice-Secretary for Planning to continue the existing alliances with European decentralized partners and establish new partnerships. The year 2010 has also been characterized by resource mobilization efforts and the development of a strategy to extend the Programme to the Oriental Province in a post-conflict zone, as long as partners are willing to accompany this new initiative.
Likewise, there has been a special focus on strengthening the capacities of decentralized entities (by virtue of the 13th amendment of the Sri Lankan Constitution) and on institutional support to the Local Economic Development Agency of Ruhuna (RUEDA).
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the territory’s development actors, through the
transfer of ART-REDES to AS, and its ownership
by the NSIC.
Along the border between the Dominican
Republic and Haiti, the Dominican Republic ART
Programme has set in motion the Inter-Border
Territorial Development Network, as a consensus-
building and dialogue mechanism from a per-
spective of potentialities and action coordination
in support of cross-border development.
ART has accompanied national development
objectives aimed at homogenizing the admin-
istrative and technical instruments and local
programming criteria, such as in Ecuador, or
at reforming territorial management, such as
in El Salvador. It has also supported capacity
strengthening in management and planning for
Bolivia’s Municipalities and Departments in the
framework of the Law on Autonomies promoted
in the country. Likewise, it has backed up the
Communal Development plans foreseen by the
decentralization law in Morocco and its interac-
tion with the incipient process of regionaliza-
tion. With the support, among others, of the
Decentralized Cooperation Partners’ Network:
MedCities, the Center of European Initiatives
and Investigations in the Mediterranean
(CIREM), the Umbria Local Government Funds
for Decentralized Cooperation and Sustainable
Human Development (FELCOS Umbria), and the
DiAloGue BetWeen isi@MeD MunicipAlities
MALAGA (SPAIN) & TRIPOLI (LEBANON)
In October 2009, the Municipality of Malaga, with the support of the Spanish Government and the French Government’s mission for the Mediterranean Union, launched the Summit of local governments and cities of the Mediterranean, under the motto “Innovative financing for a Mediterranean digital space”.
The objective of the event was to draw Mediterranean cities closer to each other and seek the support of cities and enterprises wishing to participate in decreasing the digital gap between the two sides of the Region. It was agreed to exchange experiences between municipalities through the use of the ISI@MED programme (Information Society Initiative for the Mediterranean) and the ART Framework to ensure its integration with other thematic areas. As a result of this initial commitment, the Municipality of Malaga intensified its collaboration with UNDP and the ART Initiative, culminating in the signature of a collaboration agreement between the two institutions for cooperation on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) projects in the Maghreb countries and Lebanon.
In this sense, the Municipalities of Malaga, Marseille and Tripoli materialized the previous commitments and in 2010 initiated the Pilot Project “Streets Management”. To date, the system’s reach has been determined and its technological environment has been identified. Likewise, the various technical scenarios that have a specific role in the Project and on the evolution of other projects or technologies that could be used in this initiative have been studied. In the methodological aspect, work has started to adapt the methodology in view of creating a street map for Tripoli, taking the Spanish Cartociudad project as a reference. Cartociudad (www.cartociudad.es) is an information system grounded on a database compiling several networks, urban cartography and censual and postal divisions.
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Andalusian Municipalities Fund for International
Solidarity (FAMSI), ART was able to support 15
urban communities of more than 35.000 inhabit-
ants in Tangier-Tetouan and the Oriental Regions
in the design of their Communal Development
Plans (PCD). Currently, PCDs have been finalized
and are pending approval; they will be published
in 2011 with the aim of ensuring their dissemina-
tion as part of a communication and mobiliza-
tion strategy, targeting other associations from
European cities.
From a perspective of knowledge capitalization
and transfer, and in light of the abovementioned
field experience carried out with the support of
Decentralized Cooperation partners, the publish-
ing of a systemization manual, compiling the sup-
port experience to communities with more than
35.000 inhabitants, is in process. This publication
is directed at cities that are currently designing
their Municipal Development Plans.
In Mauritania, the Programmes is a reference for
the decentralization process that the government
has been engaged in lately with a focus on the
regional/national dimension and in coordination
with the municipal bodies that already operate
in the Pericles programme. Thanks to this lead-
ership, International Cooperation actors with
presence in the country have the opportunity to
support this process beyond the municipal, re-
gional or national entry point prioritized by each
individual actor.
As well, in Senegal the Programme tackled the
complexity of the need to avoid generating paral-
lel approaches in support of local development:
on the one hand, actors who operate at the local
level and on the other, instruments of the national
decentralization process. It is worth mentioning
that a Guide for Decentralized Cooperation part-
ners is being designed to be disseminated among
local partners and it aims at enhancing the actors’
Global Programming and Management Framework to strengthen articulation between the Territorial,
National and International levels of Development Processes
STRENGTHENED CAPACITIES WORKING GROUPS
DEMAND-DRIVEN COOPERATION TERRITORIAL DIAGNOSES,GUIDELINES
ACTOR COMPLEMENTARITY LOCAL PROGRAMMING CYCLES
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capacity in using Decentralized Cooperation tools
and mechanisms, negotiation, management and
project evaluation.
In Mozambique, the Programme has registered
important results in support of the national
policy of Local Economic Development, reinforc-
ing the Local Economic Agencies (LEDAs) in five
Departments (Inhambane, Nampula, Gaza, Cabo
Delgado and Maputo) and making these Agencies
reference points for national policies in this field.
The ART Programme in Albania has managed to
reactivate and consolidate the LEDAs, strength-
ening the Guarantee Fund system with the aim
of improving the allocation of economic support
to small and medium enterprises in the regions
of Shkodra and Vlora, coupled with a security
mechanism for those who are usually excluded
from bank loans due to a lack of funds and guar-
antees.
In Lebanon, among other prioritized critical is-
sues, it is worth noting that the legal framework of
the LEDAs was finalized; this process culminated
with the Mayors obtaining an official notification,
recognizing their leading role in the territories’
Local Economic Development processes. As well,
support was given to the Steering Committees, to
finalize the identification of their priority sectors
and the concentration areas for the credit system.
At the national level, the intense efforts deployed
with the Ministry of Agriculture led to the im-
provement and strengthening of the technical and
organizational capacities of beekeepers.
In Cuba, around 205 capacity activities were car-
ried out in 2010, in the 10 provinces where the
Programme operates. More than 15.000 people
were trained, such as local administrators and
owners of small local companies on formulating
and managing municipal and provincial develop-
ment plans, elaborating credit proposals and
analyzing economic opportunities in the territo-
ries. Through Decentralized Cooperation, training
was also imparted on other sectors. For instance,
techniques in structural building engineering for
the “rehabilitation of the historical center of the
Old Havana” project were put in practice through
entities such as the Italian Association “Sisto
Mastrodicasa”, which delivered training in the
Diagnosis of Static Disorder, and Tecnalia of the
Basque Country.
In Uruguay, the Programme has contributed
to developing and strengthening national and
local institutions, carrying out more than 66
workshops, which contributed to shape the new
Decentralization Law in 10 departments and led
to the creation of a third territorial tier: munici-
palities. The Provincial Council of Barcelona has
collaborated with the Department’s Congress to
reinforce the role of these mid-tiers.
In Morocco the following capacity develop-
ment results should be highlighted (in col-
laboration with governmental instances and
Decentralized Cooperation partners): the course
on “Expert in Decentralized Cooperation and
Decentralization”; a Training of Trainers course for
Social workers; and strengthening the capacities
of the Directorate General of Local Communities
trAininG of trAiners for sociAl Workers in the reGion of orientAl
ART MOROCCO
The initiative ”Training of Trainers for Social Workers” has contributed to reinforce the theoretical and practical knowledge in several sectors for social workers’ instructors, actors of territorial administration and civil society. The initiative has also improved the quality of education in the Oriental Region, through the support provided to five branches of Social Work in the Mohammed I University of Oujda. Alternating theoretical modules, practical case studies and exchanges and visits to the Programme in Morocco and abroad, this initiative is very appreciated in the country in support of the government’s strategy ”10.000 social workers in 2012”.
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(DGCL) and of local collectivities, with the aim of
activating an “Offer of Decentralized Cooperation
Services” within the DGCL.
In Bolivia, there have also been initiatives to train
civil servants, support legislative processes and
the implementation of a new administrative tier
approved after the constitutional reforms (par-
ticularly the indigenous-native people’s autono-
mous tier).
Likewise, in Gabon, the Programme supports
the recent decentralization process, which will
lead to the establishment of legislative norms
for the transfer of new competencies and more
resources to the provincial municipalities. It is
worth noting that the consensus-building and
articulation methodology of the Programmes
has been adopted by the Decentralization
National Directorate. Part of this local plan-
ning exercise has included the elaboration of
priority documents at the territorial level, in
which the development potential of the ter-
ritory and its challenges are presented. In
2011, Gabon will extensively use these tools,
support local planning processes in three ad-
ditional provinces, reinforce partnerships with
Decentralized Cooperation and further South-
South Cooperation initiatives.
1.5. infOrmatiOn and cOmmunicatiOn tEchnOlOgiEs: bridging thE digital gap in thE mEditErranEan
Since the dawn of the current Millennium, and
more particularly with the World Summits on
the Information Society (Geneva 2003 and Tunis
2005), UNDP has taken a particular interest in
harnessing ICTs for Development to help trans-
form the expanding digital divide into a digital
opportunity. Based on its broad experience in
the field in 177 countries, UNDP is working on
stimulating the enabling environment, catalyz-
ing the applications and innovative projects on
the ground necessary to help bridge the infor-
mation gap and bring everyone into the global
economy.
This initiative was carried out through an innovative partnership between various local and international actors: the Mohammed I University of Oujda, the ART Programme in Morocco, the National Initiative for Human Development (INDH), the Ministry of National Education, Higher Education, Professional Training and Scientific Research, and Decentralized Cooperation technical and financial support, including that of the Universities of Granada, Seville, Malaga, Siena and Perugia, and the cities of Foligno and Spoleto, FELCOS Umbria (Italy) and FAMSI (Spain).
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The ART-ISI@MED approach supports decentral-
ization and seeks to help local communities adopt
new technologies in their efforts to address local
and sub-national challenges in governance and
economic development. The ART-ISI@MED ap-
proach is fully integrated into the matrix process
of cooperative local development, wherever ART
National Framework Agreements are in place
to coordinate situations in which there are mul-
tiple support partners (partners in development
cooperation) and local development processes
driven by local elected leaders and civil society
organizations. More than just a programme, ART
/ ISI@MED supports local development through
a learning process which involves the individuals,
organizations and collective practices of an inclu-
sive multilateralism.
The ART-ISI@MED initiative supports local play-
ers and communities in their use of ICT network-
ing, knowledge sharing and in capacity building
in three main areas: planning and public services
(e.g urban planning, resource management, pub-
lic service access); Local Economic Development
(access to market, job creation, value chain, etc);
and local community empowerment (social net-
works, Diaspora, etc).
Two countries were selected to implement first-
phase pilot programmes covering 2009 to July
2011. This phase is devoted to finalizing the con-
cept and the piloting of the Initiative with the im-
plementation of the first ISI@MED projects in the
the Oriental Region in Morocco and in the Union of
Municipalities of Feyhaa in the North of Lebanon.
iSi@MED in Morocco
Recognizing the strategic importance of the
Information and Communication Technologies in
promoting economic prosperity and improving
governance, in 2008 the Moroccan Ministry of
Industry and Commerce prioritized the use of ICT
as a tool for social transformation. The first steps
involved making public administration more user-
oriented, and increasing the productive capacity
of small and medium enterprises. Likewise, the
Government formulated a national strategy for
the Society of Information and Digital Economy
(Digital Plan 2013), acknowledging that ICTs can
be efficient instruments to empower citizens.
As part of its effort in extending the benefits of
ICTs to the regions, and thanks to the techni-
cal support of the ART Morocco Programme in
the Region of Tangier-Tetouan, the Government
committed itself to support ISI@MED in order
to design and implement a Programme for the
improvement of public administration and the
interaction between citizens and the govern-
ment. The initiative has been supported by the
Municipality of Malaga (Spain) and the Province
of Como (Italy); it is focused on creating local
capacities and promoting the role of local inter-
locutors as determining development agents.
Once the ICT knowledge of the Oujda Municipality
is reinforced as part of this association, these re-
cently strengthened capacities will be transferred
to the Chefchaouen Municipality. This initiative
will hence become an example as to how partners
of Decentralized Cooperation not only support
a particular strategy for the benefit of a specific
Moroccan community, but also strengthen their
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capacities so the experience can be replicated in
other parts of the country.
iSi@MED in lebanon
In Tripoli, Lebanon, the Spanish city of Malaga
is supporting local authorities to develop a
Geographical Information System (GIS) that will
improve a large number of services. This proj-
ect is being implemented through the technical
support of ISI@MED and facilitated by the ART
Programme in Lebanon.
The Project supports the creation of a GIS to man-
age street names and postal addresses, which will
endow the city of Tripoli with a powerful, flexible
and technologically advanced system to create
and maintain a directorate containing all this in-
formation.
The association between the municipalities of
Malaga and Tripoli underscores the important role
of Decentralized Cooperation in linking communi-
ties, encouraging social dialogue and promoting
their regions’ development. Malaga’s experience
and lessons learned have been shared with their
colleagues in Tripoli, promoting collaboration and
cooperation between the two cities.
1.6. lOcal EcOnOmic dEvElOpmEnt: bridging micrOfinancEs and macrOEcOnOmics
One of ART’s components consists in support-
ing local actors to improve sustainable Economic
Development and, on the long run, of the terri-
tories themselves. To achieve this, the territorial
approach promoted by ART stimulates a space
for participation, dialogue and complementarity
between social and economic actors from the lo-
cal, national and international levels. In addition to
appraising endogenous resources, this approach
is based in strategies shared by the public and
private actors from the territory. These articulate
their initiatives in four main sectors:
1. National policy on LED.
2. Formulation of territorial development
Strategies.
3. Promotion of self-sustainable Local Economic
Development Agencies (LEDAs).
4. Internationalization of local economies.
In particular, ART Framework Programmes have
supported:
■■ National governments in the design of Local
Economic Development and small enterpris-
es strategies, in stimulating national competi-
tiveness and achieving a better intergovern-
mental coordination, facilitating exchanges
with other international experiences, creat-
ing national networks of Local Development
Agencies and establishing new credit sys-
tems accessible to the territories’ social and
economic actors.
■■ The formulation of territorial, productive,
competitive and sustainable economic devel-
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common projects. LEDAs have also had a very
active participation in South-South action.
Within the ART Framework Programmes, LEDAs
are self-sustainable structures and instruments
of public-private consensus-building that carry
out initiatives and projects and offer technical
and financial services for the socioeconomic
human development of the territory to benefit
the population with a special focus on the most
marginalized groups, enterprises and local insti-
tutions.
Through the promotion of innovation, training and
capacity building, LEDAs aim at strengthening
local and national development strategies, to en-
able local socioeconomic actors to use resources
more efficiently and energize local endogenous
opment strategies, through the analysis and
appraisal of the territory’s current resources
and endogenous potential; the creation of
value chains for micro and small enterprises
and cooperatives and the identification and
search for financial resources to fund impact
projects.
■■ The creation and design of new LEDAs,
preparation of their statute and multi-annu-
al business plans, organization of services,
assistance in kick-starting and capacity-
strengthening or reinforcement of existing
LEDAs.
■■ The promotion of dialogue and relations of lo-
cal actors and the LEDAs with partners from
other countries of the North and South to car-
ry out commercial, technological and knowl-
edge exchange initiatives and implement
locAl econoMic DevelopMent AGencies (leDAs)
To support local actors who strive to achieve sustainable human development, ART Programmes not only facilitate the formulation of integral strategic plans, but also support the creation and strengthening of Local Economic Development Agencies. LEDAs are legal structures, technically and financially self-sufficient, which allow local public and private actors to jointly plan and activate sustainable initiatives for territorial economic development and for internationalizing local economies. As consensus-building instruments that are adapted and specific to each territory, they facilitate the identification of the most suitable operational mechanisms and ensure the continuous institutional, technical and financial support to a given territory’s population, in particular to the most vulnerable social groups.
These structures contribute to the formulation of Local Economic Development national strategies, based on the identification and appraisal of the territory’s endogenous potentialities, which also contributes to improve multilevel governance. Moreover, as they join forces through networks, these entities promote common actions and projects, forge horizontal alliances and facilitate the exchange of experiences, innovation and knowledge generated in strategic sectors of human development, governance, territorial promotion and service delivery.
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growth. This approach puts forward the territo-
ries’ potential and transcends micro-initiatives,
microcredit and small local projects, which are
often disconnected from the territorial develop-
ment strategy.
In 2010, ART Programmes facilitated the creation
of 2 LEDAs in Bolivia, 1 in Uruguay, 1 in Lebanon
and 2 in Ecuador; it strengthened the national
network of 11 LEDAs in Colombia, the network of
8 LEDAs in Ecuador, 4 LEDAs in the Dominican
Republic, 3 in Uruguay, 5 LEDAs and Service
Centers for Women’s Enterprises (CSEM; as per
Spanish acronym) in Central America, 5 LEDAs
in Mozambique, 1 in Sri Lanka and 2 in Albania.
It is worth mentioning that LEDAs are not spheres
of implementation for national policies in the
services offereD By the leDAs
LEDAs support local actors in the social, institutional and economic stimulation of their territory, so they lead their own development. In order to carry out these objectives, LEDAs offer a series of contextualized, specific services and mechanisms that have a technical, financial and institutional character; these services capitalize on the entrepreneurial potential of the territories and improve the economic context of its socioeconomic agents. Services offered by the Agencies include: territorial promotion, economic stimulation, technical assistance and entrepreneurial capacity-building. The financial mechanisms LEDAs facilitate include territorial marketing and guarantees of origin, the establishment of international partnerships and most importantly, the Guarantee Funds (GFd).
GFd are instruments that favor entrepreneurial initiatives, as well as employment and income generation; they focus on offering productive loans to population groups who normally do not have easy access to formal credit systems, because they cannot present the usual collateral guarantees. The ART experience shows that these funds, linked to the LEDAs, achieve maximal efficiency with minimal risk since users are guided through the different banking procedures, and credits become part of the various services that Agencies offer in order to promote successful and productive economic activities. These funds are rotational and contribute to avoiding pitfalls in the restitution of loans, while ensuring long-term continuity and allowing for the multiplication of available credit given high repayment levels and low-risk profiles granted by the backing of a partner bank. These characteristics establish a close relationship between the LEDAs and the GFd: the Agencies rely on the Funds to ensure their financial sustainability, and the Funds rely on the entrepreneurial technical assistance offered by the Agencies. The result is a joint effort to enable the territories’ potentialities —once they are activated— to have a greater impact on improving the living conditions of the population, increasing employment and most of all, empowering traditionally excluded groups.
territories, nor a new instrument of “centralized
decentralization”; instead, they are consensus-
building instruments at the hands of the territo-
ries’ public and private actors interested in show-
casing the territories’ economic potential at the
national and international levels.
LEDAs partners are usually local administra-
tions, the territories’ private companies, de-
concentrated structures from the State and
private sector, producers’ associations, unions,
civil society associations, Universities and re-
search and training centers, in addition to other
relevant entities. These are associations that
offer services and stimulate initiatives of terri-
torial planning, strategic projects, development
of enterprises and cooperatives and territorial
marketing.
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leadership in the design and management
process.
■■ The quasi-scientific definition of priorities in
the tasks that LEDAs have to assume through
the analysis of demand and supply and provi-
sion of services aimed at achieving common
objectives.
■■ The consensual elaboration of LEDAs’ strate-
gic and multi-annual financial plans, detailing
the future sustainability conditions (including
institutional, social, technical and financial
sustainability).
■■ The technical and financial support offered
for the set-up phase.
The impact of LEDAs has been threefold:
5. In innovating national policies from a norma-
tive point of view, such as in Lebanon, where
the government issued a new legislation giv-
ing municipalities autonomy in managing
local development; or operational, such as
in the Dominican Republic, Uruguay, Albania
or Colombia, where the government has rec-
ognized and uses LEDAs as an instrument to
stimulate territorial economic development
from the national level.
In brief, LEDAs are a space for dialogue between
public and private actors, through which develop-
ment actions are adapted to the territory, in line
with the opportunities and challenges of the differ-
ent contexts and framed within territorial policies.
They are also a proactive dialogue space with the
national government and international commu-
nity, useful to channel and carry out investments,
programmes and projects in a coordinated way.
LEDAs promoted within the ART Framework
Programmes have particularities that differenti-
ate them from other structures that often bear
the same name and have similar characteristics.
These defining traits are:
■■ Compatibility between economic (com-
petitiveness, economic added value of pro-
duction, employment), social (equity, fight
against poverty and exclusion, gender equity)
and environmental protection objectives and,
in general, the MDGs.
■■ Long-term sustainability as an essential ele-
ment of their creation, through various forms
of income and cost balance and with a special
emphasis on the links between financial and
non-financial services. Thereby maintaining a
certain degree of autonomy from public bud-
gets and investors with short term portfolios.
■■ Networking, through national or regional as-
sociations (such as in Central America), con-
tinental, (such as in Latin America) and global,
which facilitates the exchange of experiences
and innovation, actions and common projects
and promotes solidarity.
ART Programmes have been committed to deter-
mine the conditions for LEDAs’ success and their
self-sustainability through:
■■ The strategic and organizational design, cor-
responding to the specific characteristics of
each territory and avoiding the mistake of ap-
plying a standardized model.
■■ The support to LEDAs partners in achieving
awareness and capacity to assume an active
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6. In improving the conditions of the local popu-
lation, particularly in terms of employment
and self-employment, through the services
the Agencies offer and that can be measured
by the creation of an average of 20-30 micro
and small enterprises per year and 150-200
stable and permanent jobs. As well, produc-
tive and socioeconomic infrastructures have
been improved thanks to the LEDAs capacity
to formulate and carry out projects in a partic-
ipatory way, in line with the priorities laid out
in the strategic development plans. Last, local
capacities (both individual and institutional)
have been strengthened and can now lead to
undertaking development actions.
7. In improving international aid effectiveness
with a particular focus on collective owner-
ship and responsibility of local actors involved
with and in charge of LEDAs; in maximizing
the contribution/results proportion (which
amounts to, for instance, 300 USD per job
created) and minimizing dependency. In most
cases, LEDAs have substituted international
cooperation in supporting local development
and in many cases they have been taken as
a reference by international cooperation
Programmes wishing to operate in the same
area.
The different experiences show that LEDAs are
able to adapt to each country’s context and
become a vehicle through which economic poli-
cies respond to the specific needs of a given ter-
ritory.
The ART PAPDEL Programme in Mozambique
is using an Economic Development approach in
strategic and participatory planning in order to
promote rural development. Since 2009, ART
PAPDEL has contributed to establish Economic
Local Entities in Nampula, Inhambane and Gaza,
de facto inserting these provinces in local plan-
ning processes. Moreover, it has promoted
business initiatives such as enterprises’ fairs in
Inhambane (Massinga district) and Nampula
(Memba and the Island of Mozambique). The
Programme has also established Local Economic
Development working groups at the national and
provincial levels and promotion groups at the
district level. Furthermore, the Local Economic
Development Network of Mozambique (REDEL)
has been established to reinforce LEDAs in the
country and build international networks; and a
master’s degree in LED has been created, in col-
laboration with several Universities. In addition to
these objectives, ART PAPDEL has improved the
“Methodology to insert LED in planning”. Besides
these results, ART PAPDEL has also made impor-
tant progress in improving the “Methodology for
the Inclusion of LED in Planning Processes”.
At the multilevel scale, the Programme for
Women’s Economic Empowerment and the
Strengthening of their Leadership in Local-
Regional Development Governance (its short
title being “Women and Local Economic
Development [MyDEL]) implemented in Central
America by UN Women in the framework of ART’s
global network, aims at contributing to achieve
gender equality and women’s empowerment.
This Programme has adopted the roadmap es-
tablished in the Committee for the Elimination
of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and
Beijing Platform, propounding the appraisal of
women’s role in local economies, exercise of
economic citizenship and strengthening their
leadership in the new economic-political gov-
ernance architecture at the local, national and
international levels.
MyDEL has experimented and modeled a multi-
phase road towards the recognition, promotion
and improvement of women’s entrepreneurship
capacity, with a territorial and gender approach.
Likewise, it still seeks to reinforce and capitalize
on women’s capacities and skills in regard to
political participation and transformative leader-
ship.
Traditionally, Programmes directed at women
have not always prioritized the economic sec-
tor, particularly at the local level where income
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of poverty and social, economic and cultural ex-
clusion. In a few words, MyDEL aims at strength-
ening the economic empowerment of women
who benefit from better access and control on
decision-making processes. Consequently, the
Programme is contributing to construct reno-
vated societies.
Regarding the creation, in 2010, of the Colombian
networks of LEDAs (ADELCO), it is worth noting
is low. However, the MyDEL experience under-
scores the advantages and opportunities of
creating new conceptual frameworks; deepen-
ing the understanding and reorganization of
sustainable and equitable development and
distributing work equally between women and
men. Because it supports the elaboration of ef-
ficient public policies to reduce and eventually
eliminate the gender gap in income and use of
services, MyDEL contributes to the eradication
support to locAl econoMic DevelopMent
ART MOzAMBIqUE
ART PAPDEL responds to a specific demand by the Government, on Local Economic Development. The Programme’s National Implementation Modality and its integration within the architecture of the Ministry of Planning and Development are effectively promoting and facilitating its identification with the Programme, increasing the sense of responsibility of both national and territorial stakeholders and hence improving the Government‘s technical and institutional capacity. For its implementation, ART PAPDEL has established coordination mechanisms to create a platform composed of public, private and civil actors who take part in participatory processes to support local development. One of the main objectives has been to avoid the creation of temporary institutions.
Decentralized planning and financial management processes already established in Mozambique are key elements to ensure the ownership of the ART PAPDEL Programme. Combined with the insertion of the LED component in local planning, they promote together rural development to improve the living conditions of the local population. Likewise, because they complement and reinforce the National Programme of Decentralized Planning and Finance, solutions are based on and adapted to the territorial and local dynamics to respond to capacity development needs. Since the Agencies have been consolidated as efficient instruments for the evaluation of territorial opportunities and potentialities, including the promotion of entrepreneurial strategies, this process is facilitated by the revitalization and reinforcement of the LEDAs and their clustering in a coordination and promotion network.
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that these 11 Agencies have informed and contrib-
uted from the territorial level to national policies.
In fact, the Ministry of Commerce and Tourism
used them last year as an example of national
policy.
It is important to underscore that in the Colombian
case, the Territorial Development Agencies’ model
is designed as an instrument favoring the integra-
tion of a territory’s public, private, academic and
social sectors. Its concerted efforts are aimed
at managing integral sustainable human de-
velopment, promoting entrepreneurial activity,
employment, productivity and local and regional
competitiveness. Its strategy is mainly based
on the identification, appraisal, activation and
development of the territory’s potentialities and
resources framed within the local, regional and
global contexts.
Precisely because of their social objective,
LEDAs in Nariño have taken part in participation
platforms where issues of common interest are
discussed and proposed. This is why in 2010 the
following actors participated in the agencies:
■■ The Department’s Regional Competitiveness
Commission for the Formulation and
Management of the Regional Competitiveness
Plan (PRC).
■■ The South Agro-ecological Minga (in Qechua,
meaning agricultural work): with the partici-
pation of social peasant organizations, such
as the Association for Peasants’ Development
(ADC), Shaquiñan, Agrosolidaria, the Macizo
movement and other institutions such
as the Nariño University, the Agriculture
Secretariat of Nariño, Suyusama Programme,
Agronomists and Veterinaries Without
Borders and the Paramo Andino Project.
■■ In the framework of the Cooperation Strategy
for Nariño and under the coordination of the
Nariño Governorate and involvement of sev-
eral local and regional entities —public and
private— participation in this working group
has taken place in order to obtain consensus,
to enable national and international cooper-
ation to respond to the region’s interests and
wishes.
■■ The Inclusive Local Economic Development
Project: through the call for proposals
launched by UNDP Colombia and the Pasto
Municipality, there has been an active partici-
pation in the discussion and construction of
an innovative proposal to generate employ-
ment opportunities and jobs for the city.
In Cuba, a novel tool is the “Development Fund”,
a credits’ fund in convertible currency which
offers credits to local enterprises to finance
productive projects presented by the mu-
nicipalities through the Province. To create the
Development Fund, the Ministry of Economy
and Planning used the experience of FRIDEL
(Rotating Credit Fund for Local Economic
Development Initiatives) with the Credit and
Trade Bank (BANDEC) as a reference. This ex-
perience was launched in the framework of the
PDHL Cuba and had the support of the Brazilian
Service to Support Micro and Small Enterprises
(SEBRAE). FRIDEL is the only credit fund that
was developed in Cuba by international coop-
eration and aiming at financing Local Economic
Development and is still operational. In the
provinces and municipalities where the PDHL
was active, there already are experiences and
developed capacities to identify and formu-
late business plans and to manage the credit
through BANDEC, the bank in charge of FRIDEL
and the Development Fund.
Worth noting is Sri Lanka’s case, where the
ART Initiative, in cooperation with the main in-
stitutional and economic actors of the South
Province, has supported and facilitated the
creation of a LEDA for the South Province called
RUEDA (Local Economic Development Agency
of Ruhuna). This is the region’s first LEDA with
these characteristics.
RUEDA, like other LEDAs promoted by ART, is
an association aimed at territorial governance
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Through these networks, the different actors can
cooperate, share information, contacts and re-
sources to reach common objectives. The expan-
sion of the experience through these networks has
proven to be one of the best ways to strengthen
local economies. As a permanent and organized
consultative “platform”, RUEDA requires that its
members join efforts to develop common strat-
and economic development, based on the active
participation of a wide network of public, private
and civil organizations operating in the South
Province (Universities, local administrations,
chambers of commerce, producers’ associations
and NGOs). These stakeholders have contribut-
ed to establish its structure and now constitute
its association base.
support to the honey vAlue chAin
IN LEBANON
ART Lebanon supports the development of the honey value chain at the national level as one of its Local Economic Development initiatives to improve the life of farmers and stimulate the local economy.
Capacity Development of Local Actors
The development of local capacities is one of the project’s main strategic areas, which aims at preparing and introducing local actors to local and international markets. To date, approximately 200 beekeepers have received training on the control and prevalence of diseases and honey quality analysis.
Experiences and innovative methods in this field have been exchanged with international actors, such as the Umbria’s Association of Beekeepers and FELCOS. In collaboration witht Umbria’s Association of Beekeepers, a 10-day training took place in Prugia (Umbria) to follow the daily activities of an italian beekeeper, identifiying the main organizational and management strengths and the practices that could be transfered to Lebanon’s beekeepers.
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egies and economic development plans for the
Ruhuna territory and translate them in concrete
measures to be applied with the operational sup-
port of a technical office.
Likewise, it supports innovation, development
and marketing of local products through finan-
cial and non-financial services offered to new or
existing small and medium enterprises. As well, it
promotes the territory and its identity, as it acts
as a unified interlocutor vis-à-vis external actors
(investors, commercial partners and donors).
Other outstanding experiences are those of
Ecuador and Morocco, given the large number of
Decentralized Cooperation actors with which they
work and whose contributions have responded to
the territories’ organized demand.
Articulation of Local, National and International Partners
Within its LED component, the Programme also promotes articulation of actors to improve the apiculture sector. A regional association of beekeepers has been established with the aim of helping beekeepers’ associations and establishing a collaboration and discussion network to elaborate a strategic development plan for the sector.
ART Lebanon hosted the Fourth Apicultural Mediterranean Forum, celebrated on 11 and 12 November 2010, to exchange ideas, information and experiences and to offer better solutions to problems faced by the apicultural sector. As a result, a series of recommendations were transmitted to the Lebanese Ministry of Agriculture to be followed-up on.
At the national level, intensive coordination efforts are being deployed with the Lebanese Ministry of Agriculture to collaborate at various levels: ART Lebanon supported the presentation of a law proposal to organize the apiclutural sector in the country. It also supported this Ministry in developing a software to manage the information gathered by the government in this sector, in synergy with the national strategy to carry out a national census of beekeepers, hives and bee diseases.
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ART’s Global Dimension: a tool for
territorial networks
2chapter
interested in “Promoting a Global Partnership for Development”
(MDG 8)
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The ART Initiative has shown that the collabora-
tive design and implementation of a coordinated
set of actions and initiatives by various local,
national and international actors increases the
efficiency and effectiveness of development in-
terventions. Moreover, the various actors who
operate in the Framework Programmes have
repeatedly shown their commitment in overcom-
ing the many limitations and administrative and
operational bottlenecks curbing harmonization
at the country level and hence in contributing to
the 8th MDG to “Develop a Global Partnership for
Development”.
Promoting strategies for partner mobilization has
taken place in coordination with the ART Support
Offices in Seville and Barcelona. These Antennas
offer a space for local authorities and facilitate
the mobilization of Decentralized Cooperation
networks, in addition to identifying local manage-
ment practices and innovations.
Together with the ART Global Coordination,
headquartered in UNDP Geneva, these units
offer a wide range of support services, such
as technical and organization assistance, the
establishment of Decentralized Cooperation
partnerships between regional and local entities
and their counterparts in the countries where
ART Framework Programmes are implemented,
the promotion of South-South Cooperation
exchanges and technical assistance in the
Programmes’ various fields of action (gover-
nance, environment, health, education, LED,
ICTs) through the identification of partners and
specialized networks. Moreover, they support
the design of knowledge products and the orga-
nization of encounters for knowledge exchange
Looking ahead, my vision is for UNDP to be widely acknowledged as a world class, knowledge-
based development organization which helps developing countries make transformational change
and helps channel the strengths of the entire UN development system to that end.
Helen ClArk
Declaration of UnDP’s Administrator
Statement to the UnDP/UnfPA executive Board.
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and exchange of good practices, lessons learned
and the ART methodology.
With the support of these units, the Global dimen-
sion of the ART Initiative favors the creation and
exchange of knowledge and innovation as themat-
ic cross-cutting components in each Framework
Programme.
2.1. KnOwlEdgE crEatiOn and ExchangE
The knowledge management strategy that UNDP
has recently launched combines its best accumu-
lated achievements in this field during the past de-
cade: communities of practice, new mechanisms
for the creation of social networks, self-generated
internal debates and peer collaboration.
Based on a cost-efficiency analysis, development
experiences and practices generated in the coun-
tries are an important resource for territorial net-
works from the North and South interested in ac-
celerating local and national processes of human
development geared towards the achievement of
the MDGs.
Once again, it is all about capitalizing on existing
resources: on the one hand, UNDP’s new knowl-
edge management strategy and ART’s global
dimension; on the other, the potential of the stra-
tegic value of Decentralized Cooperation, with
its extended knowledge and experience in local
development. These are determining ingredients
that have shown that if properly managed, they
can contribute to potentiate and accelerate MDGs
achievement at the local level.
One of ART’s characteristic traits is that knowl-
edge exchanges take place among diverse
actors, each one with different competen-
cies and responsibilities, but with at least a
partial responsibility over territorial develop-
ment processes. These exchanges take place
among United Nations agencies, Decentralized
Cooperation networks, national associations,
Universities, the private sector and civil soci-
ety: together they participate in the various
thematic areas, such as environment, health,
education, employment, migration and human
rights, among others.
The global activities are organized by the Global
ART Coordination in the Geneva UNDP office
and in close collaboration with the Partnerships
Bureau and the Bureau for Development Policy.
As to the main initiatives carried out in 2010 un-
der this motto, the following have been the most
outstanding:
2.1.1. reflection on the implementation of art programmes in latin america
On 28 and 29 April, 2010 the ART International
Coordination, with the Panama Regional Service
Center, organized a space of joint reflection and
analysis to enrich the experiences in the imple-
mentation of the ART territorial approach pro-
moted in various Latin American countries and
to verify the implementation practices of Aid
Effectiveness Principles.
The activities focused on the exchange of good
practices, creation of peer networks and knowl-
edge and dissemination through South-South
Cooperation.
One of the most important recommendations un-
derscored the need to validate a common meth-
odological base between the six Latin American
countries that have established ART Framework
Programmes.
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Likewise, ART Framework Programmes’ strengths
and areas of improvement in the field were identi-
fied on issues related to actor complementarity
and articulation in development processes. The
aim was to systemize the former and mitigate the
latter and align them to the priorities established
by territorial and national authorities in the coun-
try. More precisely, the methodological mecha-
nisms analyzed referred to implementation, struc-
ture and functioning of the National Coordination
Committee (NCC), Territorial Working Groups
(TWG) and the Local Programming Cycle (LPC).
Issues that need to be reinforced included: promo-
tion of a gender equality approach and women’s
empowerment; spaces for knowledge exchange
through South-South Cooperation; systematiz-
ing the experience in promoting Local Economic
Development gathered by the Latin American
ART Framework Programmes.
The complete document produced during this
systemization effort is available on the ART’s
website.
2.1.2. Enriching the local Economic development debate
Throughout 2010 and early 2011, the ART Initiative
supported a reflection and debate process on
Local Economic Development and the search for
instruments that allow generating and managing
policies in this sector, through events, forums and
meetings in cities, such as Montevideo (Uruguay),
Buenos Aires (Argentina), Quito (Ecuador), Dakar
(Senegal), Brussels (European Parliament),
Cordoba (Spain) and Medellin (Colombia).
In June 2010, the Second Latin American Forum
on Territorial Economic Development took place
in Quito, Ecuador, with the objective of foster-
ing a systematic exchange between networks of
Economic Development Agencies. Participants in-
prepArAtory Actions for seville
■ Generate more inclusive, democratic and equitable
economic models.
■ Respond to the economic crisis: consider it an op-
portunity to formulate different alternatives.
■ Use local resources as mechanisms to generate
national wealth.
■ Transform Local Economic Development (LED) in a
process of economic growth and social transforma-
tion (equity and inclusion): empowerment of women
and marginalized groups.
■ Promote work based on processes instead of pro-
jects.
■ Ensure a real and effective participation of all
groups.
■ Promote the active participation of civil society
organizations.
■ Strengthen public-private alliances.
■ Facilitate South-South, South-North and North-
South mechanisms of technical cooperation and
exchange of experiences. .
■ Manage existing knowledge and capture good prac-
tices and lessons learned.
■ Include all the regions’ opinions: Africa, Asia, Europe,
etc.
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cluded Agencies from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia,
Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Dominican
Republic, El Salvador and Mexico. The Forum cul-
minated with the Quito Declaration, in which par-
ticipants agreed to take part in the Latin American
LEDA Network, with the objective of promoting
links between the Latin American LEDAs, facilitate
Preparatory Process for the LEDAs Seville World Forum
Toward a LEDA Network in the Southern Cone
Uruguay, April 2010
- Followed from UNDP ART's project on strengthening local development agencies
- Debate on agencies as instruments for territorial development
- Exchange of local, regional and international good practices and experiences
- Drafted action agendas on pressing LD issues
- Creation of the LEDA Network in the Southern Cone
Latin American Forum on LED
Ecuador, June 2010
- Creation of the ReMALDH - Latin American Network of LEDAs for Human Development
- Facilitated exchanges, mutual collaboration, and work as part of regional and international networks
- Gathered LEDAs from Central America, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and Chile
- Stressed the promotion of equal gender opportunity
Regional Workshop on LED
Senegal, February 2011
LED Workshop Spain, March 2011
Five years of LEDAs in Colombia - Medellin, April
2011
Exchange between Latin America and Africa and different African countries
Emphasized:
- The transfer of competences from the central to the local level- Inclusive and participatory mechanisms- Institutionalize community participation in local development plans - Local resources, social cohesion, employment, good governance, environment , investment, gender as key elements- Awareness raising on a territory's potential and development strategies
- Knowledge exchanges promoting strategic long term vision for sustainable local development
- LEDAs as tools for public-private partnerships in support of LED policies and the achievement of the MDGs - LED as a tool for local development- The world crisis and globalization as a challenge and opportunity for local development- Experience exchanges from different regions and contexts- National and international preparatory events in Cuba, Sri Lanka and Lebanon
- Emphasis on the creation of horizontal and decentralised partnerships - Need to foster cooperation across regional- national- international LEDAs’ networks - Enhance territorial information systems to improve productivity and competitiveness
the exchange of experiences and establish spaces
of mutual collaboration among them.
This reflection process will peak in October 2011,
with the celebration of the First World Forum of
Local Development Agencies “Territory, Economy
and Local Governance: New Perspectives for
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by pressures to development assistance due to
the international economic crisis.
In view of the HLF-4, UNDP, through the Bureau
for Development Policy’s Capacity Development
Group (CDG/BDP) and the ART Initiative, has
promoted a broad consultative process on AE
at the local level. This process has been carried
out in close collaboration with the Andalusian
Municipalities Fund for International Solidarity
(FAMSI)-Vice-presidency of United Cities and
Local Governments (UCLG), the Forum of Global
Associations of Regions (FOGAR), the Institute
of Development Studies and International
Cooperation (HEGOA), the Local Authorities’ Fund
for Decentralized Cooperation and Sustainable
Human Development (FELCOS Umbria), the
Observatory for Decentralized Cooperation
European Union-Latin America, the Barcelona
Provincial Council, countries such as Colombia,
Italy, Senegal and Spain, as well as with the active
participation of a broad variety of actors.
Changing Times “. This event will be the synthesis
of this debate and aims at creating a space for
reflection preceded by leading Local Development
actors. Through networking and strategies adapt-
ed to the current global context, the Forum will
further advance in the creation of new perspec-
tives adapted to the global context.
The event, organized by the Junta of Andalusia
Employment Service (SAE), the Andalusian
Municipalities Fund for International Solidarity
(FAMSI) and UNDP’s ART Initiative will gather
worldwide Local Development Agencies and ac-
tors to reflect on the various practices in different
countries of implementation.
2.1.3. consultative process on aid effectiveness at the local level: the road to the fourth high level forum on aid Effectiveness
The Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness
(HLF-4) will take place from 29 November to 1
December 2011 in Busan, Korea, concluding the
OECD/DAC-led process on Aid Effectiveness (AE)
launched by the Rome (2003) and Paris (2005)
declarations and followed by the Accra Agenda for
Action (2008). As such, the Busan Forum will be a
major milestone and turning point for the global
AE agenda.
The main objectives of the HLF-4 are to assess
the global progress in improving the quality of
aid against commitments made, share global
experiences in delivering better results and
agree on an outcome document to further
enhance efforts to make aid more effective
in reducing poverty and achieving the MDGs.
Moreover, the discussions will address the
fundamental changes in the development land-
scape, particularly marked by the increasing
number of development cooperation actors and
locAl GovernAnce in support of Better DevelopMent outcoMes
The “Management response to the evaluation of UNDP´s contribution to strengthening local governance” (DP/2011/11), of December 23rd, 2010 —the UNDP response document to the results of the evaluation and presented to the Executive Board— includes the ART Initiative as one of the key examples for the development of local government’s capacities for MDG achievement.
The cited document recognizes that “local governance work is considered highly relevant, builds on strong national ownership and is aligned with national priorities”. It also states that “a more holistic approach to local governance offers opportunities to better link outputs to broader development outcomes at the local level”.
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The objective of this process is to foster reflection
and collect practical experience on the crucial
role played by sub-national governments and
stakeholders in governance processes, decen-
tralization and deconcentration strategies, and
for MDG achievement. It also aims to position the
importance of actor complementarity at the local
level and between different levels of development
governance (local, national and global) to effec-
tively achieve development results.
The events will be used for strategic thinking and
sharing of experiences and lessons learned from
field experience, as well as showcasing what has
produced results in different geographical, eco-
nomic, political, cultural and religious contexts.
Participants in the meetings will identify and
agree on various key messages which will seek
to inform the HLF-4 discussions and represent a
framework for the articulation of the post-Busan
development cooperation framework at the local
level.
To date, important results have been achieved,
such as positioning the sub-national perspective
and the importance of multilevel articulation in the
discussions of the OECD DAC Working Party on Aid
Effectiveness (WP-EFF) and in the definition of the
Key events of the consultative process
- Set the foundations for AE discussions at local level
- Recognition of the key role played by sub-national governments and stakeholders
BARCELONA, BILBAO
October 2010
DAKAR February 2011
MEDELLIN, April 2011
UMBRIA June 2011
- Incorporated the view from the South
- Validated key messages on AE at local level
Adopted key messages and set of best practices for the HLF4
- Adopted key messages and set of best practices for the HLF4
HLF-4 agenda. The broad consultative process it-
self is a result, with more than 200 institutions and
organisations representing national and sub-na-
tional governments from the North and the South,
Decentralized Cooperation networks, SCOs, NGOs,
academia, the OECD, the EU, and the UN System.
In short, the key messages arising from the dis-
cussions and the experiences presented during
the consultative process are the following:
■■ A territorial approach to development of-
fers the opportunity to implement the aid
effectiveness principles at the local level in
order to accelerate the achievement of sus-
tainable human development.
Taking the territory as a reference for par-
ticipation, coordination and planning between
different actors promotes inclusive owner-
ship of development agendas and allows for
greater alignment of international coopera-
tion to local priorities, based on a comprehen-
sive diagnosis proposed by the territories and
linked to public policy. Local and intermediate
governments are best positioned to lead the
development processes of their territories,
with the active participation of civil society
and socioeconomic actors. It is however es-
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sential to strengthen local and national ca-
pacities to organize the territory’s strategic
demand instead of responding to the specific
projects offered by international cooperation.
■■ Establish and strengthen the concept of
horizontal partnerships.
Move from the traditional, project-based
donor-recipient logic to a paradigm based on
sustainable partnerships for human develop-
ment. Such partnerships create a pragmatic,
transparent and participatory context of mu-
tual trust and accountability between actors,
enable local ownership for results, increase
awareness of development cooperation
among the citizenry and facilitate exchanges
and peer learning. For this purpose, it is essen-
tial to acknowledge the crucial contribution of
Decentralized Cooperation, understood not
as an additional source of funding but as a
democratization strategy, a pragmatic and
innovative way of mobilizing for human devel-
opment and for continuous dialogue between
territories on issues of common interest such
as migration, health, employment, human se-
curity, human rights, gender equality and the
environment, among others.
■■ Multilevel frameworks can leverage the po-
tential of Decentralized cooperation at lo-
cal level.
It is essential to recognize not only the impor-
tance of the local, intermediate and national
levels to support decentralization and de-
concentration policies, but also their neces-
sary complementarity to increase the quality
and sustainability of such processes. Better
multilevel governance allows linking local pro-
cesses to national and international develop-
ment strategies, with the local level influenc-
ing national and global strategies and, in turn,
national and global strategies and knowledge
reflected in local processes.
The complementarity between multilateral
frameworks and Decentralized Cooperation
can respond to challenges that directly af-
fect the lives of citizens and which cannot
be tackled at the local or the national level
alone. Multilateral institutions, through their
neutrality, universality and long-term pres-
ence, can facilitate the development of or-
ganizational frameworks to increase the har-
monization of activities of all development
cooperation actors that operate at the local
level. Such complementarity also facilitates
South-South and triangular Cooperation as
well as international knowledge exchange
and peer-learning, by capitalizing, sharing
and replicating best practices at the local
level, upon demand and adapted to each
context.
2.1.4. the instrument measuring the art’s initiative added value
As mentioned previously, the multiplication of
actors is a characteristic element of today’s
international corporation context; it generates
the need of providing instruments that promote
complementarity between the widerange of ac-
tions deriving from this diversity. This comple-
mentarity can and should take place in the field
to respond to the real need of the territories and
take advantage of the variety of actors present in
a given area.
ART’s experience in this regard shows that this
is a very complex task; however if successful, it
will shape results that are greater than the sum
of the separate actions themselves: it is not lim-
ited to the mere addition of multiple projects, but
to the result of a strategy. All these experiences
have required the definition of programming
mechanisms and administrative coordination
modalities, in addition to an instrument capable
of measuring the added value of achieving com-
plementarity between actors in the field. The
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Instrument to Measure the Added Value is the
product of the joint work of various national ac-
tors, among which Ecuador and Morocco; local
stakeholders, Decentralized Cooperation and
regions of Morocco and Ecuador such as Tangier-
Tetouan and Carchi, among others; Universities,
such as the Autonomous University of Barcelona
and Bocconi in Milan and donors, such as the
AECID and the Italian Cooperation. The initiative
to implement such an Instrument started in 2009
and began to be put in practice in 2010 in Ecuador
and Morocco.
The new instrument complements the classical
evaluation tools, and uses indicators that mea-
sure the effective implementation and efficiency
of Aid Effectiveness principles at the local level.
The objectives of this monitoring tool are: to sup-
port decision-making, facilitate self-training pro-
cesses, improve management, develop capacities
and guide planning. It is worth noting that this
new measurement instrument does not require
prior specialized knowledge to be used. Thereby,
it can easily be applied in three areas: self-valida-
tion, expert validation and social validation. This
methodological design responds to the need of
having various informative levels that fulfill the
varied needs of actors involved in contexts where
the ART Initiative is implemented. The first results
of the Instrument’s implementation have been
published in February 2011 at the initiative of the
ART Programme in Ecuador.
It is expected that in 2011 all countries where
ART Programmes are operational will use this
instrument. This will allow measuring ART’s con-
tribution to the Principles of Aid Effectiveness
and will show its “added value” in comparison to
other forms of interventions. It will also provide
reliable information on how the potential of the
Paris and Accra declarations are seized by ART
Framework Programmes; finally, it will allow
calibrating and measuring the extent to which
this potential is translated into progress in the
partner countries.
2.2 innOvatiOn: a rEsOurcE fOr lOcal dEvElOpmEnt
What has the ART Initiative offered to promote
the exchange of good practices and technologi-
cal, organizational and management innovations
in 2010? ART has facilitated technical and tech-
nological exchanges to provide countries with
a mechanism to implement these innovations
through specific projects in the framework of
ART’s Operational Annual Plans. To put in prac-
tice these innovation exchanges, ART has offered
the territories of the requesting countries with
an operational framework relating innovation to
existing processes and endowing them with the
necessary funds for their application. Likewise, it
has facilitated the mobilization of Decentralized
and South-South Cooperation to support these
exchanges.
In its various documents on approaches and coop-
eration modalities, UNDP highlights South-South
Cooperation as a key-element that contributes to
promote local and national capacities for human
development and the established development
objectives, including the MDGs.
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IS IT POSSIBLE TO MEASURE THE ADDED VALUE GENERATED BY ACTOR COMPLEMENTARITY IN THE FIELD?
The next international revision of progress achieved in regard to the implementation of the Aid Effectiveness Agenda will include an analysis of the potential in the effectiveness of development actors, and in particular bilateral and Decentralized Cooperation networks. The exercise will aim at maximizing their resources and ensure an accelerated implementation of the Agenda and the MDGs.
A question immediately arises: is it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of cooperation networks? Does international development cooperation currently have instruments to measure its impact at the various levels of intervention, in relation to similar objectives? Have previous experiences already carried out such an evaluation?
The ART Initiative in Ecuador, in the framework of the ART Global Initiative (Articulation of Territorial and Thematic Cooperation Networks for Human Development) has implemented the Instrument Measuring ART’s Added Value, which offers novel results in this respect. These are the most important aspects:
the case of the Art ecuador initiative
A year and half into its implementation, UNDP’s ART Ecuador Programme gathered the first lessons learned and recommendations, based on the Programme’s implementation in the four provinces, as to its novel methodology and Programmatic and strategic issues.
But, What is the instrument Measuring Art’s Added value?
Its objective is to identify and measure the added value of the complementarity of actors and articulation of thematic and territorial networks for human development promoted by UNDP’s ART Initiative, with a specific reference to sub-national actors in aspects linked to the Paris Declaration (2005) and the Accra Agenda for Action (2008).
Likewise, at the sub-national level the instrument aims at complementing the strategies and tools on the Quality of Aid that UNDP has activated at the national level, hence placing itself within the lines and actions defined by the Capacity Development Group (CDG-BDP) and the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF).
This monitoring instrument seeks to support decision-making, facilitate self-training processes, improve management, develop capacities and guide planning.
considerations on the implementation of the Art methodology and its sequence:
The pace of the ART methodology performance in the territories and the implementation of its sequenced phases (creation of the Working Group, implementation of impact project, Local Programming Cycle) depend on the social, institutional and organizational culture of a given territory and its actors.
Hence, it would be important that the different strategies developed in the territories where actors have established specific practices and perspectives, or where the strategic added value of articulation is not apparent, be recompiled and / or systemized, in order to enrich the analysis on the ART methodology.
Complementing the previous thought, it is apparent that the Programme has achieved strategic results when it is implemented in territories where actors clearly see the opportunities that the Programme offers at the national and international levels (linkages with networks and cooperation actors, for instance).
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Similarly, it underscores the importance of South-
South partnerships (in their horizontal bilateral
cooperation and triangular cooperation modali-
ties) and of solutions that tackle the challenges of
border areas and between regions.
The ART Initiative prioritizes this cooperation
modality, which contributes to improve techno-
logical, knowledge and innovation exchanges
and promotes formulation, systematization and
dissemination in view of achieving the transfer of
successful local development experiences based
on innovations and technologies that have been
developed in the countries of the South.
In 2010, ART Framework Programmes facilitated
15 South-South exchanges and the consolidation
of partnerships between local development ac-
tors in the areas of democratic governance, plan-
ning and territorial management, Local Economic
Development, initiatives between border munici-
palities, capacity development, youth and citizen-
ry participation, women’s empowerment, health,
agriculture and environment, local management
and territorial planning and credit management.
This type of initiatives have proven to be efficient
and effective, low-cost and high-impact, and led
to an active dialogue between territories, favoring
the identification, transformation and strength-
ening of the strategic, technical and technologi-
cal instruments to ensure the sustainability of
governance and local development processes.
Moreover, these initiatives operate under the cri-
teria of solidarity, equity, efficiency, mutual inter-
est, sustainability and joint responsibility.
Some examples include:
■■ the signature of an agreement between
the Ministry of Economy, planning and
Development (MEpYD, as per Spanish ac-
ronym) in the Dominican republic and the
council for Development and integration of
the South, brazil (coDESul, as per Spanish
The understanding and willingness of the respective Provincial Government in exercising its new role and responsibilities for the promotion of local development is vital to the functioning of the Provincial Working Group. That is also the case for the appreciation by the local administration that the more complex objectives of development will not be achieved without the participation of different local actors, in collaboration with public and private actors and the territory’s associations, through agreements and articulation with the national level. In this context, these groups —very valued by the Provincial Government— become important spaces for the full realization of these processes.
Methodological considerations:
The implementation of the Programme’s cross-cutting issues requires a strategy. Its inclusion must be institutionalized, hence allowing its execution and evaluation.
programmatic considerations:
The creation of a monitoring and evaluation system based on a process approach could allow noting down opportunities seized in the course of the intervention. To do this, it is necessary to create differential support systems for the communication of the Programme to different actors.
strategic considerations:
UNDP’s ART Ecuador Programme seeks to facilitate articulation between actors, processes and initiatives. In order to achieve this “articulating role” in the territories, its offices are located in the Provincial Government’s premises. This also allows the Government —at all levels— and local actors to assume a leading role. This attitude unites actors and has been one of the key-elements in achieving the openness that the ART Initiative in Ecuador has enjoyed with partners at the territorial and national levels.
Circulation of information, its transparency and freedom of access are key-elements for the optimal functioning of the Provincial Working Group and articulation of its actors; it is one of the aspects that its members value the most.
SOURCE: International Cooperation Effectiveness at the Local
level. The Added Value of the UNDP ART Ecuador Framework
Programme (2008-2010). uNDP Ecuador, Quito, 2011..
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for solid waste management. Another such
technical agreement was signed in support
of ISDEMU’s Secretariat of Social Inclusion
(Institute for Women’s Development) with
SEBRAE; the agreement aims to develop
a component within the “Woman City”
Programme’s initiative for women entre-
preneurship. There also was technical as-
sistance in support to the Presidency’s
Technical Secretariat, offered by CODESUL
and SEBRAE to define the national and ter-
ritorial institutionalization necessary for the
implementation of the National Strategy of
Productive Development.
■■ the lEDAs of Dominican republic and El
Salvador.
Within the El Salvador ART Framework
Programme, the projection of El Salvador at
the regional and international international
levels was promoted through the systematic
exchange of good practices between local ac-
tors from the North and South. As a result, at
the beginning of 2011, a visit to the Dominican
Republic took place as part of the exchanges
in relation to the management of social pro-
grammes and decentralization legal frame-
work.
■■ colombia-Ecuador.
With the support of UNDP Ecuador and
through its “Peace and Development
Programme in the Northern Border”, ART
Ecuador and ART-REDES in Colombia, a
Border Plan for the development of the area’s
municipalities was developed as a working
tool for the border zone municipalities.
■■ Mauritania-Senegal-Morocco.
As a result of the conclusions and recom-
mendations of the International Forum “ART:
4 years, 10 results, Progress, Challenges
and Perspectives”, celebrated in Seville in
November 2009, and which transpired in
the meetings held between governments’
representatives and UNDP to explore the pos-
acronym) in support of territorial develop-
ment of the Dominican republic.
With UNDP support, these two countries
signed in 2011 a tripartite cooperation agree-
ment for technical exchange in relation to
territorial management geared towards re-
gional planning and local development in the
Dominican Republic.
The objective is to provide regional planning
initiatives prioritized at the national level
with international technical assistance from
Brazil. These initiatives were launched in the
National System of Public Investment and
implemented in coordination with the private
sector, civil society, Universities and NGOs.
The agreement will contribute to articulate
initiatives between the local and national lev-
els, generate local development and transfer
successful experiences in areas identified as
national priorities, such as the environment,
development of small and medium enter-
prises, agriculture and public territorial policy.
■■ uruguay-brazil.
In Foz de Iguazú, both countries support small
and medium enterprises with the signature of
local production agreements and activities
in the framework of MERCOSUR’s Center for
the Development of Technology for Cross-
Border Integration. The Brazilian Service
to Support Small and Medium Enterprises
(SEBRAE) has assisted Uruguay technically,
through the identification of local production
agreements in the border areas and enabling
Uruguay’s participation in capacity building
programmes implemented by MERCOSUR’s
Center for the Development of Technology for
Cross-Border Integration.
■■ El Salvador-brazil.
Agreed on a technical roadmap to support
the Ministry of Environment and Natural
Resources of El Salvador, with the state of
Parana’s Secretariat of Environment, in the
design and implementation of a Programme
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sibility of sharing progress in relation to local
development and decentralization, the ART
Morocco Programme organized, between 13-
17 September 2010, a joint mission of techni-
cal exchange to Senegal, Mali and Mauritania.
The meeting, which established the bases
for South-South Cooperation between these
countries, was aimed at sharing experiences
and exchanging good practices on decentral-
ization, local planning and development with
neighboring countries. Hence, the work done
during the mission was useful to highlight
specific issues of common interest in trading
techniques, such as participatory planning,
decentralized training and Decentralized
Cooperation management tools as well as lo-
cal and national implementation teams.
■■ El Salvador-colombia.
Jointly designed a technical collaboration plan
with national and local authorities for the po-
litical and territorial management of citizens’
security, citizenry construction and reducing
local vulnerabilities, as part of a holistic strat-
egy to face organized crime and violence. As
well, the Colombian Ministry of Social Action
and International Cooperation and the Vice-
Ministry of Cooperation of El Salvador shared
practices on management strategies to mea-
sure external Aid Effectiveness. The ADELCO
network (Colombia) offered technical sup-
port to the national and local institutions in
El Salvador for the definition of territorial
development strategies and public policy in-
vestment.
■■ kosovo-turkey.
In July 2010, the Kosovo ART team, in col-
laboration with the ART Initiative team
in Geneva, visited Turkey and met with
Government officials, the Turkish Agency of
International Cooperation (TIKA) and the
Turkish Association of Municipalities. The mis-
sion aimed at creating a network between the
ART Kosovo Project and the Turkish municipal
unions. As a result, ART Kosovo organized a
conference in October 2010 to present the
achievements and opportunities identified
by the Working Groups in the municipality of
Dragash in the presence of donors, the ART
network of Decentralized Cooperation part-
ners in Western Europe, and several Turkish
Decentralized Cooperation partners and min-
istries.
The commitment made by the Turkish minis-
tries of Interior —which coordinates the devel-
opment efforts of local Turkish authorities—
and of Environment and Rural Development
—which coordinates sustainable develop-
ment activities in the rural areas— seeks to
promote common actions between territories
in Kosovo and Turkey in the framework of a
consensual strategy of mutual benefit and
based on locally identified priorities.
The Kosovo institutions created after the
conflict are obviously recent, but the tra-
dition of participating in public meetings
organized by local and central structures of
the government was previously well devel-
oped, particularly before 1990. Nowadays,
municipal authorities are trying to revive
this tradition, adapting it to the new require-
ments and not only involving citizens in de-
bates on specific problems and projects, but
also requesting their financial participation
in various infrastructure projects. In fact,
because Kosovo is following an accelerated
development path, one of the key aspects of
this process to be immediately addressed is
for capacity building for local authorities, to
achieve an efficient, effective and participa-
tive government in line with the International
Charters on Local Autonomy.
Decentralized Cooperation is a relatively
new approach in Kosovo. Seen from a de-
velopment perspective, this modality uses
local, regional and international construction
methods (European and non-European) and
the territory’s networks (municipalities, prov-
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inces, regions, cities) to reinforce local actions
through resource mobilization, dissemination
of best practices and knowledge exchange.
The ART Programme aims at creating a favor-
able environment in support of this integra-
tion process.
■■ Sri lanka-indonesia.
Are leading one of the most interesting ART
South-South experiences; exchanges started
at the initiative of the Governor of Indonesia’s
Gorontalo Province and the Governor of
the South Province in Sri Lanka, during the
international FOGAR meeting. As a result,
three missions took place between April and
December 2008, culminating in the signature
of a Letter of Intentions between the two prov-
inces, agreeing to an exchange of experiences
and knowledge in the areas of Agriculture,
Health and Education. Since then, several
technical missions have been carried out. On
agriculture, for instance, Sri Lanka received
high production seed varieties that have
been tested by the Agriculture Department to
check their adequacy for commercial launch-
ing. On health, there has been an exchange
of information on common disease treat-
ments (both traditional and Western) and
working relations between the two Provincial
Health Centers have been established. ART
Indonesia and Sri Lanka will continue to sup-
port this collaboration in 2011, while encour-
aging both parts to assume full leadership
of the initiative, to ensure long-term sustain-
ability and the provinces’ autonomy in regard
to their participation and role as regional
development promoters. Concerning educa-
tion, experts from the Southern Province vis-
ited Gorontalo to lead a “training of trainers”
workshop for curricula management across
schools.
■■ Dominican republic-haiti.
After the earthquake that shook Haiti on 12
January 2010, the cross-border, intermunici-
pal Committees of the Provinces of Elías Piña
and Dajabón in the Dominican Republic and
of Plateau Central in Haiti developed a set of
short, medium and long term initiatives as
part of a common strategy. In this context
of recovery and development, a Territorial
Inter-Border Development Network has
been activated as a consensus-building and
dialogue mechanism for the border areas.
These measures are a joint initiative of UNDP
Dominican Republic and UNDP Haiti and part
of the Dominican Republic ART Programme.
■■ ADEcoM (bolivia) and lEDA Morazán (El
Salvador)
In Bolivia, a country constitutionally rec-
ognized as a Multinational State, it is
worth mentioning the constitution of the
Community Development Agency in the
Oruro Department (ADECOM), as a develop-
ment agency for community companies in
the framework of a plural economy. Among
the first actions undertaken by this new insti-
tution are the agreement between ADECOM
and FAMSI and the elaboration and consoli-
dation of an administrative mechanism to
manage ADECOM’s guarantee fund for the
development and promotion of commu-
nity enterprises, with the support of thethe
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Morazán LEDA in El Salvador. As well, a com-
mitment was made to incorporate the Agency
to the Latin American network of LEDAs, as a
result of exchanges with Uruguay. Lastly, ex-
changes with other LEDAs in Central America
(El Salvador and Nicaragua) were organized
with the participation of UNDP Bolivia and
technicians from the Municipal Government
and La Paz Government.
2.3 sEminars and EvEnts
Among the 2010 global activities here below
are some events to which the ART Initiative was
invited to present the Framework Programmes’
experience and its articulation with Decentralized
Cooperation. These events constituted an op-
portunity to share results achieved and future
perspectives among colleagues.
■■ the v Annual conference of the observatory
for Decentralized cooperation Eu-lA “De-
centralized cooperation in crisis times’
was celebrated in brussels, in october (28-
29) and dwelled, among others issues, on the
challenges regional and local governments
face in their cooperation policies and actions
related to the implementation of the Paris
Declaration and on the consequences of the
crisis, particularly its effects on their budgets.
■■ in Ecuador, the third world Assembly of
regions was celebrated, including a Seminar
on “Strengthening Decentralization: a re-
sponse by regional governments to global-
ization.”
Participants included the Ministry of Foreign
Relations, Commerce and Integration of
Ecuador, FOGAR and the Latin American
Organization of Intermediate Governments
(OLAGI). The seminar was hosted by the
Provincial Government of Manabi, the
Provincial Government of Azuay, the Provincial
Government of Pichincha, the Ministry of
Tourism, the Andes Development Cooperation
(CAF), the Consortium of Ecuador’s Provincial
Governments (CONCOPE), the European
Union (EU), and UNDP through the ART
Initiative and AECID.
The event was inaugurated by Ecuador’s
President, Rafael Correa Delgado, who high-
lighted the importance of strengthening de-
centralization, without weakening the nation
State. Four working sessions were organized,
in the presence of important speakers and
the participation of representatives of more
than 20 regions from Africa, Latin America,
Canada and Europe.
Throughout the seminar’s discussions, some
of the most outstanding issues were the stra-
tegic relevance of strengthening and focusing
on articulation, multilevel efforts and the ter-
ritorial approach to development, all of them
prerequisites to achieve equity.
■■ the vii forum of the world Alliance of
cities Against poverty (rotterdam, 24-26
february) concluded with a call for the par-
ticipation of local authorities, governments
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585858
and United Nations agencies, the private sec-
tor, NGOs and citizens in a collective action
to reduce poverty, particularly in the current
context of world crisis.
Some of the messages from the event’s final
statement —The Declaration of Rotterdam—
include a call to local and regional authorities
to develop and assume their responsibility in
reducing poverty, through adequate, capacity
development and a system of checks and bal-
ances for good governance.
National governments and United Nations
agencies encouraged local authorities and
international intergovernmental organiza-
tions to participate in decision-making and
decentralize the authority and autonomy of
the government’s lower tiers, in line with the
subsidiarity principles, to ensure that devel-
opment decisions reflect the priorities and
needs of those involved in them.
■■ conflict Management. EXpopAZ.
The Knowledge Fair on regional peace ex-
periences (EXPOPAZ) carried out by UNDP
Colombia and the EXPOPAZ Programme has
been a tool for the exchange of peace build-
ing experiences from the regions; it seeks to
strengthen these alliances and the encoun-
ters with these state institutions and interna-
tional cooperation agencies.
■■ Strategic workshop Art/iSi@MED “ter-
ritorial Approach to Development and
Democratic Governance through the use
of icts” celebrated in Marseille, France, in
November-December (29-4).
During the event, the ART Lebanon,
Syria, Senegal, Morocco and Mauritania
Programmes shared information on their
respective country projects and on activi-
ties and progress in the two pilot countries,
Lebanon and Morocco.
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ART Initiative’s Mainstreaming
in support of UNDP’s 2008-2011
Strategic Plan (extended to 2013)
chapter3
60
3.1. thE dEcisiOn tO mainstrEam art in suppOrt Of thE 2008-2011 stratEgic plan (ExtEndEd tO 2013)
At the beginning of 2010, UNDP’s Partnerships
Bureau and the Bureau for Development Policy
decided to mainstream the ART Initiative in sup-
port of the UNDP Strategic Plan (2008-2011
extended to 2013) following the results pre-
sented by partner countries at the International
Forum ”ART 4 years, 10 results” held in Seville in
November 2009.
Following that decision, began a formulation
phase involving partner countries, UNDP of-
fices in those countries linked to ART, UNDP
Regional Offices and Decentralized Cooperation
networks, and the Partnerships Bureau and that
of Development Policy. Such process concluded
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In this sense, the document has been signed in
order to integrate ART’s multilateral, articulation
framework within UNDP’s corporate politics and
practices. This aims to take those practices and
good experiences generated at the local level to
international fora and have them be part of cor-
porate policies to then make them available to
other interested countries. Moreover, ART’s main-
streaming aspires to facilitate the implementation
of corporate policies at the local level in support of
national processes for local development.
3.2. mutually rEinfOrcEd pOliciEs and fiEld practicEs
The new phase also foresees that, based upon
the results achieved, the selected countries insti-
tutionalize Programme ownership as a reference
framework. In this manner and at the country
level, Framework Programmes also represent the
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mainstreaming of this tool to reinforce the strate-
gies that countries have established in the devel-
opment plan. In particular, ART is conceived as a
tool to simultaneously implement corporate poli-
cies in the field and capture at this level features,
organizational and management arrangements,
and results in the different fields of action that are
useful for defining UNDP’s development policies.
3.3. spEcific art cOntributiOns tO thE stratEgic plan and vicE vErsa
Generally speaking, the operational framework
represented by the different country Framework
Programmes has contributed to the 2008-2011
Strategic Plan (extended to 2013) in a series of
elements as listed below:
■■ Take corporate policies to the local level and
have field practices inform corporate policies.
■■ Relate UNDP Country Programmes and the
UNDAF coordination framework with a set of
cooperation actors that had operated outside
of them.
■■ Integrate actions from several thematic ar-
eas using the existing local level program-
matic, operative and operational framework.
This has enabled the different UNDP practice
areas to be included in the field operations,
capitalizing on the already existing resources
and capacities and consequently reducing
the Programmes’ management costs.
■■ Systematically relate the potential represent-
ed by Decentralized Cooperation networks
with corporate policies on local development,
governance, climate change, gender, social
services, and information technology.
■■ Reduce poverty through Local Economic
Development Agencies.
■■ Initiate collaboration activities with BDP’s
Gender Group to support the development of
gender strategies and identify good practices
at country level.
■■ Increase the capacity of ART teams on gen-
der in order to support the implementation of
actions to promote this approach at country
level and at the Initiative’s coordination.
■■ Strengthen local and national capacities.
■■ Contribute to development aid efficiency and
effectiveness.
■■ Support, at global level, MDG 8: “Develop
a global partnership for development” and
knowledge products in innovative areas; an
agenda of innovative policies; and the devel-
opment of a Community of Practice within
the UN System grouping Decentralized
Cooperation actors and national partners.
3.4. cOrpOratE dOcumEnts rEflEcting thE mainstrEaming prOcEss
The articulation between local actors promoted by
ART has been recognized as a valuable tool allow-
ing UNDP to become a clear reference for donors
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and international cooperation actors seeking to
increase the impact of their cooperation activities
at the local level. Working with the Decentralized
Cooperation also positions UNDP at the centre
of North-South and South-South exchanges, har-
nessing practical experience and innovation as a
resource for international cooperation.
In this regard and since the beginning of this
phase, the progress made appears reflected
in several corporate documents that mention
and include the ART Initiative and the different
Framework Programmes, as well as seen in the
closer collaboration with different units within the
Capacity Development Group.
Management response to the Evaluation of
unDp contribution to Strengthening local
Governance (January 31-february 3, 2011)
In response to an Evaluation of UNDP contribution
to strengthening local governance, the organiza-
tion’s management has included ART in a working
group that will seek to address the recommenda-
tions made. Moreover, the ART Initiative has been
mentioned as a tool allowing UNDP to focus on
regions or municipalities lagging behind in terms
of human development (for example, support of
local development in Dominican Republic-Haiti
border provinces).
working Group on local Governance and
Development
Currently, ART is member of a UNDP/United
Nations Volunteers/United Nations Capital
Development Fund Working Group that seeks to
respond to the recommendations of a 2010 inde-
pendent study carried out by UNDP Evaluation
Office. This evaluation emphasizes the need to
mainstream local governance more explicitly and
effectively through a coherent framework that is
firmly focused on human development practice.
ART will then come to be part of the UNDP cor-
porate response and is mentioned as a joint plan-
ning methodology for local, national and interna-
tional actors contributing to human development
in different countries and achieve the MDGs in a
coordinated and complementary fashion. ART will
put forward its expertise on how the multilateral
framework contributes to corporate efforts seek-
ing, on the one hand, to overcome bureaucratic
constraints faced by the Programmes, and on the
other, to contribute to UN practices in governance
and local development as well as to connect the
links and potential synergies between them.
Decentralized cooperation positioning on the
busan agenda
In terms of Aid Effectiveness, the Initiative is
working with the Bureau for Development Policy
in the process of positioning the potential of
Decentralized Cooperation on the Busan agenda
for the HLF-4 UNDP is supporting. So far, after
the various consultative and preparatory meet-
ings, the role of the Decentralized Cooperation
has been included in the draft Programme for
the 4th High Level Forum for Aid Effectiveness to
be held in Busan, South Korea, November 29 to
December 1st, 2011.
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art articulation framework available to the
regional bureau for arab states
UNDP has global and contextualized knowledge
on each country to promote local development.
In the case of countries in the Arab region and
from its regional office, UNDP promotes an ap-
proach to local development that is closely
linked to strengthening local governance and
local achievement of MDGs. This approach is
implemented through the establishment of a
contextualized multilateral and articulation ART
Framework, where following the appraisal of avail-
able local resources (natural, human, financial,
institutional, infrastructure, etc.), strategic and
growth-promising sectors are identified as well as
the infrastructure and services needed along the
value chain.
lebanon Study tour
In February 2010, representatives from 10 UNDP
Country Offices (from Eastern Europe, North
Africa, Syria and New York) participated in a Study
Tour in Beirut, Lebanon. On this occasion, the in-
struments put in place as part of the ART Lebanon
Framework Programme were presented to other
colleagues and results and lessons learned ex-
changed. One of the event’s most relevant conclu-
sions was the emphasis given to the way in which
the multilevel, multidonor strategic framework
has been adapted to different contexts and can
help to enhance accountability, strengthen the
quality of aid and reduce fragmentation.
the unDp Management Group has recently
approved the “unDp Action plan for MDG
Acceleration”
One of the key actions proposed is to extend the
MDG Acceleration Framework (MAF) to those
countries that meet the eligibility criteria and
explicitly demand it. The MAF essentially offers
countries a systematic way to lead all partners
together in the development of an action plan,
based on existing plans and processes, to ad-
dress their priorities in achieving the MDGs.
Built on UNDP information at the country level,
the MAF can help governments to specifically
address the bottlenecks that impede faster
progress in achieving the goals that are lagging
behind.
The ART and MAF Initiatives support local pri-
orities based on already existing plans, facilitating
dialogue and ownership; recognize the interrela-
tion between the different MDGs; and that the
achievement of such goals is within reach through
aligned and harmonized efforts in all sectors,
scales and partners. The MAF implemented at the
local level in Colombia has already led to the iden-
tification of potential complementarities between
ART and MAF and the lessons that can be drawn
in terms of ART and MAF collaborations.
More specifically, ART and MAF collaborated
in Colombia is selecting services and choosing
municipalities (Nariño, Eastern Antioquia and
Cartagena) to support local priorities as articu-
lated in their local development action plans. The
lessons learned indicate that when there is a
clear intersection between the selected site’s lo-
cal development plans and prioritized MDGs, the
prospects of cooperation are strong. In Nariño,
the MAF was built on the work carried out by
ART-REDES.
Undoubtedly, the organization of events and ex-
changes on issues related to Aid Effectiveness
and Decentralized Cooperation Harmonization at
the regional and global level have been the most
decisive elements in this section. These notably
include the preparatory activities in light of the
Fourth High Level Forum to take place in 2011 in
Busan, South Korea.
Joint initiative to evaluate the application
of the principles of Aid Effectiveness at the
local level and assess the potential of the
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Decentralized cooperation to contribute to
the MDGs and effectiveness of development
cooperation at the local level.
This effort has been carried out in close collabo-
ration with the Andalusian Municipalities Fund for
International Solidarity (FAMSI)-Vice-presidency
of United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG),
the Forum of Global Associations of Regions
(FOGAR), the Institute of Development Studies
and International Cooperation (HEGOA), the Local
Authorities’ Fund for Decentralized Cooperation
and Sustainable Human Development (FELCOS
Umbria) and the Barcelona Provincial Council’s
Observatory for Decentralized Cooperation
European Union-Latin America. Through a se-
ries of consultative meetings, this initiative has
attempted to capture evidence on the effective-
ness of the Decentralized Cooperation to then
inform the HLF-4 and other global forums on this
topic.
Also noteworthy were the Art team’s
participation in unDp institutional
communities of practice and that of the
bureau for Development policy and other
colleagues in seminars and activities
organized by Art.
As well as the recognition of ART’s potential and
contribution to the Institutional Strategy of the
UNDP’s Democratic Governance Group, and the
use of the Teamworks Platform and UNDP’s insti-
tutional templates for Knowledge Management.
work with other unDp Groups
and regional offices
This mainstreaming phase has also resulted in
the participation of the ART team in UNDP´s
Institutional Communities of Practice as well
as in groups from the Bureau for Development
Policy participating and contributing to activi-
ties organized by the Initiative. In this sense, the
Democratic Governance Group’s Institutional
Strategy has recognized ART’s contribution and
potential.
Democratic Governance practice Area, An
initial Mapping: international cooperation
in local Governance and Decentralization in
latin America and the caribbean, regional
centre for latin America and the caribbean,
May 2010.
The Democratic Governance Practice Area of
the UNDP Regional Center for Latin America
and the Caribbean (based in Panama) has
developed an International Cooperation Map
in Local Governance and Decentralization in
Latin America and the Caribbean. This study
provides some inputs to focus and strengthen
technical backstopping to Country Offices in
the region; identify UNDP’s main activities
on Local Governance and Decentralization,
as well as those of other agencies from the
UNS and other multilateral and bilateral
donors; explore opportunities for collabora-
tion and effort articulation; and prioritize
activities. ART Programmes in the Dominican
Republic, Uruguay, Ecuador, Cuba, Colombia
and Bolivia were identified as important local
governance and decentralization articulation
mechanisms between multilateral and bilat-
eral international cooperation organizations.
publications by the panama regional center
On several accounts, ART has been in-
cluded in the bimonthly magazine on Local
Government and Decentralization prepared
by the Panama Regional Center. One of its
last issues mentioned how the Dominican
Republic Programme promotes cross-border
and local democratic governance. This ex-
perience is presented as a positive case, in
which international cooperation contribu-
tions have been maximized following the
strengthening of local actors’ capacities on
integrated process management and multi-
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sectoral development (Local Governance and
Decentralization No. 14).
Another interesting mention was that of the
Generalitat Valenciana-supported PROLOGO
Initiative, which fosters local governance
through a variety of tools related to the pro-
motion of dialogue, consensus, public policy
advocacy, transparency, accountability and
citizen participation. In Colombia, PROLOGO
has become a means of articulating local
initiatives implemented by UNDP and other
donors and actors, bringing together the ART
Initiative, the AECID Democratic Municipality
Programme, Human Development Report
national teams, African-descending pop-
ulations and the Regional Project on
Transparency and Accountability in Local
Governments-TRAALOG (Local Governance
and Decentralization No. 11).
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Financial Report
chapter4
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68
The UNDP ART Initiative Trust Fund was estab-
lished in 2005 to manage the contributions made
by national governments, local authorities, private
sector, NGOs, academic institutions and founda-
tions, supporting the activities of the different
ART Framework Programmes.
This Fund is the result of the joint programming
of a wide range of partners interested in support-
ing processes rather than specific projects and in
forging partnerships for local sustainable human
development and the achievement of the MDGs.
At country level, the partners develop operational
plans that integrate different subject areas and
that are inserted into local development plans
as decentralization and deconcentration pub-
lic policy instruments in countries where ART
Framework Programmes are in place.
The innovative partnerships established by the
ART Initiative with territorial networks from the
South and the North have facilitated the definition
and implementation of equally innovative instru-
ments to respond to the interest many stakehold-
ers have expressed to contribute to particular
processes and activities, at the global, national
and local level.
The ART Initiative budget is structured to reach
two outcomes:
■■ outcome 1: Help countries reduce poverty
and achieve sustainable development, in line
with UNDP and the Government’s national in-
terests.
■■ outcome 2: Promote and develop partner-
ships between traditional and nontraditional
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69
donors to increase coherence with ART’s
complex Programme strategies.
The Initiative’s objective to align cooperation
activities to local and national processes and
the articulation framework it offers to achieve
this foster a clear connection between the coun-
tries’ strategic priorities and the Framework
Programmes effective and efficient management.
This planning process is strengthened by qualita-
tive and administrative annual reports, which are
distributed to all of the Initiative’s partners.
Annual Work Plans enable effective and ef-
ficient budgeting and the delivery of results,
COUNTRIES
FUNDS TRANSFERRED FROM UNDP ART GENEVA TO
COUNTRy OFFICES DELIVERy AT CO LEVEL
2006-2009 2010Total Funds
TransferredTotal Delivery %
bolivia 1’669.000,00 0,00 1’669.000,00 1’313.659,63 78,71
Albania 2’723.705,00 0,00 2’723.705,00 1’739.783,06 63,88
colombia 1’976.108,23 1’817’471.00 3’793.579,23 2’580.151,30 68,01
cuba 3’183.080,75 33’334.00 3’216.414,75 2’536.563,43 78,86
Ecuador 3’392.711,00 1’723’000.00 5’115.711,00 2’967.374,12 58,01
El Salvador 800.000,00 0,00 800.000,00 526.353,40 65,79
indonesia 1’629.858,37 0,00 1’629.858,37 1’272.536,28 78,08
lebanon 7’203.661,41 2’540’460.00 9’744.121,41 8’190.303,11 84,05
Morocco 3’972.320,35 1’300’000.00 5’272.320,35 5’368.644,00 101,83
Mozambique 2’202.005,51 1’040’000.00 3’242.005,51 2’820.535,18 87,00
Dominican republic1’448.989,37 1’571’180.00 3’020.169,37 1’651.884,85 54,70
Senegal 0,00 861’688.00 861.688,00 712.721,29 82,71
Syria 29.425,00 463’567.00 492.992,00 127.708,04 25,90
Sri lanka 3’671.274,80 225’370.59 3’896.645,39 3’480.863,63 89,33
uruguay 3’027.343,26 826’346.79 3’853.690,05 2’973.024,47 77,15
total in usd 36’929.483,05 12’402’417.38 49’331.900,43 38’262.105,79 77,56
besides also providing partner countries with
a joint progress assessment towards achieving
the Programme’s objectives.
The resources the ART Coordination in Geneva
mobilizes at the global level are presented in
the chart below. Nevertheless, each Country
Office where an ART Framework Programme is
in place mobilizes resources on its own account,
many times with the support of local and na-
tional governments, as part of the Programme’s
ownership strategy.
Contributions to the ART Initiative come from bilat-
eral cooperation national partners and those from
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the Decentralized Cooperation. Current donors in-
clude Belgium, Italy and Spain. Other donors, such
as Canada, the European Union, Monaco, Sweden
and Switzerland have made direct contributions
to the Programmes at the Country Office level.
0 2.000.000 4.000.000 6.000.000 8.000.000 10.000.000
Delivery at CO level 2006-2009
Uruguay
Sri Lanka
Syria
Senegal
Dominican Republic
Mozambique
Morocco
Lebanon
Indonesia
El Salvador
Ecuador
Cuba
Colombia
Bolivia
Albania
2010
Funds of the ART Framework Programmes
In addition, ART has also forged strong alliances
with several European Decentralized Cooperation
networks, bringing together over 600 government
and Non-Governmental partners, including CSOs,
NGOs and academic institutions.
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yEA
RIt
aly
%It
alia
n D
C%
Spa
in%
Spa
nish
DC
%B
elgi
um%
Mon
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%
Oth
ers
(CID
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,
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ICEF
)
%TO
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%
200
59
6.5
018
11
89
16
4
24.2
21
68
.04
6
1 ’5
762
00
2
200
65
’82
1.6
27
1519
713
’15
1.6
40
10
9.6
68
9’2
34
.90
811
2007
10’2
56
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3
33
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211
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9.78
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06
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5.0
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12
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2
18.6
43
2
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84
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2.7
41
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66
15’5
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93
3
2’8
10.6
85
1’3
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1.3
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1.47
9
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246
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132
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1 ’3
10.0
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1’27
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2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2010
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LOCA
TIO
ND
ON
ORS
%D
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At the global level, the resources ART Framework
Programmes mobilized between 2005 and 2010
reached usd 147’654’651, out of which:
■■ USD 84’454’294 were mobilized and trans-
ferred through the ART Geneva Trust Fund.
■■ USD 63’200’357 were directly mobilized by
the Country Offices.
Funds mobilised by COs
Funds Delivered trought de ART Trust Fund
43%
57%
ART Programmes’ Funds, 2005-2010
Additional Funds Generated by the UNDP COs
ART Funds Delivered to UNDP COs
63%37%
ART Project Resources at the UNDP COs level in 2010
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Annex
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cOmmunicatiOn activitiEs
From 2010 and throughout 2011, various com-
munication activities have been carried out to
strengthen the position and increase the vis-
ibility of the ART Global Initiative before the
different Decentralized Cooperation partners,
current and potential bilateral donors, politi-
cians and senior officials, the general public,
civil society and media, academic and train-
ing institutions, etc. These actions have also
sought to inform the citizens of the entities
with whom partnerships have been established
as well as the global citizenry on specific is-
sues, such as:
■■ Aid effectiveness at the local level (actor com-
plementarity, demand-oriented cooperation)
and multilevel action.
■■ Local Economic Development Instrument
proposals.
■■ The role of local governments in South-South
Cooperation.
These actions are developed and conducted
through the Initiative’s website, electronic news-
letters (InfoARTs) and other corporate tools.
Moreover, the 2010 Activity Report has been
distributed and disseminated and documents
produced by each country have been collected
and disseminated at the local level so that infor-
mation reaches interested partners and donors in
a timely fashion, thereby strengthening “indirect
communication” means. Also, the Initiative’s
database and promotional ART documents are
constantly updated as part of the communication
strategy, guaranteeing these are aligned to the
mainstreaming requirements and that they re-
flect the developments made by each Framework
Programme.
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own website yet. On the other hand, the strategy
will seek to create new communication/informa-
tion and exchange/dissemination channels with
Decentralized Cooperation partners.
As such, it is important to highlight the ART
Programmes that have already built their own site
and where they constantly update information on
the carried out activities and achieved results:
Albania
Ecuador
communication Strategy, April 2011
In April this year, the ART Coordination met with the
ART Support Office in Seville and FAMSI in order to
strengthen and define a more comprehensive ART
communication strategy at the global and national
level. During this meeting, new communication ma-
terials for the Initiative as a whole and the specific
Framework Programmes were identified and it was
discussed how to improve existing products. Also,
preparations for the organization of a communica-
tion event with communication officers in the dif-
ferent ART Programmes were made to then define
how to improve the implementation of a common
communication strategy between ART Geneva and
the various Programmes.
In particular, emphasis was placed on the following
communication tools:
ART Internet Website: http://www.art-initiative.org/
The aim was to clarify the messages, and their
content, transmitted through the website, as
well as to facilitate partners’ access as informa-
tion providers. It also sought to ensure coverage
of all Programmes, in addition to the Framework
Programmes’ individual communication activities
and ART global activities. After the website regis-
tered 40.000 hits, a survey was carried out asking
the website users to give their opinion. The survey
was conducted in order to receive com ments
and suggestions directly from users on how to
improve the portal and make it more ac cessible
to visitors.
The 2011 communication strategy foresees to
clarify the message conveyed on the website, as
well as its structure and educational purpose,
on top of incorporating information from those
Programme Frameworks that do not have their
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uruguay
InfoARTs and Newsletters
On a regular basis (4 to 5 times per month) news
bulletins are elaborated covering the various
Programmes’ activities and achievements, ac-
tivities at the global, national and local level and
updating information on some of the Framework
Programmes. In 2010, the InfoARTs were dissemi-
nated to 700 subscribers and covered informa-
tion from 18 different countries, joint actions/re-
sults with the different partners and the activities
carried out at global level.
Programme Publications
Beekeeping in the Mediterranean: Challenges,
Partnerships, Planning and Decentralized Cooperation
Projects, 2011
This book was produced with the support of
FELCOS (Umbria Fund of Local Authorities for
Decentralized Cooperation and Sustainable
Human Development) and details a nation-
wide Local Economic Development initiative on
beekeeping as part of the ART Programme in
Lebanon. At the same time, this collaboration
also supported a regional initiative part of the ART
Programme in Morocco to boost this sector and
train beekeepers.
Morocco
MyDEL
Sri Lanka
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Implementation of the ART Methodology in Latin
America, 2010
This document brings together the presentations
and discussions made at the International Seminar
on “The Application of the ART Methodology
in Latin America”, held in Quito on 28 and April
29, 2010. This event promoted the exchange
of experiences between eight ART Framework
Programmes (Bolivia, Central America-MyDEL,
Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Dominican
Republic and Uruguay), each one of them at a dif-
ferent implementation stage, thus contributing to
the on-going construction of the ART methodol-
ogy.
This systematization is the result of field practic-
es and experiences and the underlying principle
is ART methodology’s flexibility and adaptability
to different contexts. It also seeks to further the
analysis on the aforementioned Programme’s
contribution to Development Aid Effectiveness
at the local level, in line with the principles of
the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda for
Action.
Report on the Implementation of the Instrument
Measuring the Value Added of the UNDP ART Initiative
for Paris and Accra , 2010
This document was produced at the request of
the ART International Coordination and recapitu-
lates the progressive articulation of the principles
of the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda for
Action with national systems. As well as to assess,
as part of the UNDP ART Framework Programme
in Ecuador, the “value added of actor complemen-
tarity in the territory” in seven of the country’s
provinces.
This report provides an opportunity to showcase
the impact of aid effectiveness at the local level
in crucial debate venues such as the Fourth High
Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness to be held in
Busan, South Korea, later this year. In addition,
this exercise is an example of how Ecuadorian
authorities in charge of implementing public poli-
cies have taken responsibility and the challenge
of reaching stronger coherence between interna-
tional cooperation and development strategies at
national and local levels and thus move towards a
more inclusive and participatory governance.
ARMADO LIBRO VALOR ANADIDO ART FFF 09/09/11 18:50 Page D
ARMADO LIBRO VALOR ANADIDO ART FFF 09/09/11 18:50 Page A
CONTENIDO
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REDES Book on Peace Building- ArT-rEDES Colombia,
2009
The REDES Book on Peace Building: The
Experience of the Reconciliation and Development
Programme in Colombia 2003-2009 highlights
how has the Programme helped increase the im-
pact donor partnerships have in local participa-
tory development planning and in mobilizing the
Decentralized Cooperation. It also emphasizes
the following as ART’s strengths: fostering the
territorial dimension of human development, the
participation of local communities and the linkag-
es with Decentralized Cooperation international
initiatives.
Book Women and Local Economies, Territories,
Knowledge and Power, MyDEL, 2009
This book explains the theoretical approaches
and operational tools that pushed for the rec-
ognition, measurement and strengthening of
women’s entrepreneurship as regional develop-
ment trademarks and engines. This document
thoroughly discusses the Service Centers for
Women’s Enterprises (CSEM), which have at-
tracted great interest because they represent the
most appealing Programme element and char-
acteristic to keep on working on and strengthen
in the future to ensure their sustainability. The
Central America MyDEL Programme locates the
CSEM as poles that allow for visible improve-
ments in the lives of entrepreneurial women.
Corporate Tools
Furthermore, the Initiative’s mainstreaming within
the UNDP‘s corporate architecture has also led to
increase the appearance and mention in a grow-
ing number of knowledge products, brochures,
newsletters and systematization and good prac-
tices corporate documents, thereby increasing
the Programmes’ visibility and making these
documents widely available on the UNDP site.
Teamworks
ART is currently using the corporate tool
Teamworks, a platform facilitating the manage-
ment of knowledge, experiences and lessons-
learned drawn from over 35 UNS agencies. The
grouping of UN staff with external invitees pro-
motes a more active communication with part-
ners and stakeholders interested in taking part
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in debates and discussions on specific issues, for
instance:
■■ Consultative events on Aid Effectiveness at
the Local level in light of the HLF-4.
■■ Systematization of the ART Methodology in
Latin America.
■■ First World Forum on Local Economic
Development Agencies that took place in
Seville in October, 2011.
Corporate Documents
With its mainstreaming, ART has been included in
UNDP’s new knowledge management strategy. As
such and all throughout 2011, ART has been col-
laborating with the Democratic Governance and
Capacity Development groups, which has lead to
the prioritization of knowledge products and sys-
tematizations capturing the contributions ART
and the various Framework Programmes have put
forward. More details are discussed in Section 4
of this document.
Strategy of response to Transformative Change
Championed by Youth in the Arab region, 2011
ART has been cited as promoting a local de-
velopment approach which is closely linked
to strengthening local governance and that by
being contextualized to the realities of each
country, supports the local achievement of the
MDGs.
Building Bridges between the State & the People: An
overview of Trends and Developments in Public
Administration and Local Governance, September 2010
This document recognized the ART Programmes
as a tool responding to the growing impor-
tance Public Administration (PA) and the Local
Governance (LG) have to the development pro-
cess, even in contexts of complex social and eco-
nomic challenges (Lebanon); as a coordinating
mechanism for the implementation of National
Development Plans (Sri Lanka and Bolivia); for
poverty reduction strategies and cross-border ini-
tiatives (Dominican Republic); and accompanying
the execution of regional development policies
(Albania and Indonesia).
Moreover, other issues mentioned were participa-
tory planning and Local Economic Development
initiatives in support of democratization and
decentralization processes (Morocco and
Mozambique); strengthening the peace consoli-
dation process (ART-REDES Colombia); and the
economic empowerment of women in Central
America (MyDEL).
BUILDING BRIDGES BETWEEN THE STATE & THE PEOPLE
AN OVERVIEW OF TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE
September 2010
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An Initial Mapping: International Cooperation in Local
Governance and Decentralization in Latin America and
the Caribbean, Democratic Governance Practice Area,
LAC regional Centre, 2010
Cooperación Internacional en Gobernabilidad Local y Descentralización en América Latina y el Caribe: Un Mapeo Inicial
Centro Regional LAC
Cooperación Internacional en Gobernabilidad Local y Descentralización en América Latina y el Caribe
Un Mapeo Inicial
Área de Práctica de Gobernabilidad Democrática
Mayo 2010
Centro Regional LAC
The UNDP Regional Centre for Latin America and
the Caribbean has produced an International
Cooperation Map in Local Governance and
Decentralization in Latin America and the
Caribbean. The ART Dominican Republic,
Uruguay, Ecuador, Cuba, Colombia and Bolivia
Programmes were identified as important ar-
ticulation mechanisms for local governance and
decentralization among multilateral and bilateral
international cooperation entities.
UNDP Fast Facts, responsive Institutions: Local
Governance, 2011
After the tsunami in Sri Lanka, ART has acted as
an entry point for national and international part-
ners seeking to support local development plans
in a coordinated and harmonized manner, thus
reducing aid fragmentation and improving its ef-
fectiveness.
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