ARTICLE 11

CONTENTS

Text of Article 11Paragraphs

Introductory Note 1-4

I. General Survey 5-8

A. Criteria applied in the preparation of annexes I, II and HI 9-11

B. Addressees of recommendations of the General Assembly 12

C. The practice of the General Assembly with respect to disarmament and the regulation of ar-maments 13-21

II. Analytical Summary of Practice 22-30

A. The question of the relationship between the responsibilities of the General Assembly and theprimary responsibility of the Security Council with regard to matters concerning the mainte-nance of international peace and security 22-30

1. Resolutions 2220(XXI), 2249(S-V), 2308(XXH), 2451(XXHI) and 2576(XXIV) in connex-ion with the comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations inall their aspects 22

a. Précis of proceedings 23-27b. Précis of relevant constitutional discussion 28-30

**B. The question of the meaning and scope of the term "action" as used in Article 11(2)

**C. The question of the extent of the competence and powers of the General Assembly with re-gard to questions "on which action is necessary"

**D. The question of the force of a determination by the General Assembly of the obligation ofMember States under Article 2(4) of the Charter

**E. The question of the nature and limits of the power of investigation of the General Assemblyin matters related to .the maintenance of international peace and security

Annex

I. Tabulation of agenda items bearing upon Article 11

II. Tabulation of provisions of resolutions of the General Assembly bearing upon Article 11

HI. Tabulation of decisions of the General Assembly with respect to disarmament and the regulationi , of armaments

119

ARTICLE 11

TEXT OF ARTICLE 11

1. The General Assembly may consider the general principles of co-operation inthe maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governingdisarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with re-gard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both.

2. The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to the maintenance ofinternational peace and security brought before it by any Member of the United Nations,or by the Security Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Nations inaccordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, except as provided in Article 12, maymake recommendations with regard to any such questions to the state or states con-cerned or to the Security Council or to both. Any such question on which action is nec-essary shall be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly either before orafter discussion.

3. The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situa-tions which are likely to endanger international peace and security.

4. The powers of the General Assembly set forth in this Article shall not limit thegeneral scope of Article 10.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

1. Constitutional discussions on the scope of the variousprovisions of Article 11 are covered in the Analytical Sum-mary of Practice under heading A which deals with thequestion of the relationship between the responsibilities ofthe General Assembly and the primary responsibility of theSecurity Council with respect to matters concerning themaintenance of international peace and security. No mate-rial has been included under heading B since there was nodiscussion on the meaning and scope of the term "action"as used in Article 11(2). The same consideration applies toheadings C, D and E.2. Since Article 11 has frequently been referred to to-gether with Articles 10, 12, 14 and, occasionally, Articles15 and 35, the studies on these Articles should also beconsulted to obtain a more comprehensive view of the con-stitutional issues regarding the competence of the GeneralAssembly and of the Security Council in the maintenanceof international peace and security.

3. The practice of the General Assembly with respect todisarmament and the regulation of armaments is dealt within the General Survey, which also contains an account ofthe criteria applied in the preparation of annexes I and II.Annex III contains a tabulation of the decisions of theGeneral Assembly with respect to disarmament and theregulation of armaments, with references to the meetingsat which the resolutions were adopted, the results of thevotes and the numbers of the relevant resolutions adoptedby the General Assembly.

4. As in the Repertory and its Supplements Nos. 1, 2 and3, the annexes to this study were prepared for the sole pur-pose of giving the reader a general view of the range andtypes of activities of the General Assembly 'bearing uponArticle 11. Consequently, no constitutional significanceshould be attached to them.

I. GENERAL SURVEY

5. An explicit reference to Article 11, together with Ar-ticle 12, was made in a preambular paragraph of a resolu-tion1 adopted by the General Assembly at its twenty-fourthsession. No constitutional discussion on the provisions of

1 G A resolution 2606 (XXIV), on the strengthening of internationalsecurity, second preamb. para.

Article 11, however, arose during the debate preceding theadoption of this resolution.6. The General Assembly adopted a number of resolu-tions containing recommendations concerning the mainte-nance of international peace and security, or drawing theattention of the Security Council to situations consideredas endangering or likely to endanger international peace

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Article 11 121

and security and requesting the Security Council to takecertain measures to deal with such matters.2

7. Incidental references to Article 11, both explicit andimplicit, were made during the consideration by the Gen-eral Assembly of the following agenda items: the policiesof apartheid of the Government of the Republic of SouthAfrica,3 the situation in the Middle East,4 the question ofSouth West Africa5 and the strengthening of internationalsecurity.6

8. Article 11 was also explicitly invoked in a letter7 ad-dressed to the Secretary-General requesting the conveningof an emergency special session of the General Assembly.

A. Criteria applied in the preparation ofAnnexes I, II and III

9. Annexes I and II have been prepared with the solepurpose of giving the reader a comprehensive view of therange and types of activities of the General Assembly inthe field of international peace and security; they should,therefore, not be considered as an attempt to subsumeGeneral Assembly resolutions under various areas of appli-cation of Article 11, and still less as an attempt to interprettheir significance with regard to the application of Article11-10. The resolutions listed in annexes I and II includethose dealing with questions bearing upon the general prin-ciples of co-operation in the maintenance of internationalpeace and security (section A); with questions bearingupon the principles governing disarmament and the regula-tion of armaments (section B), and with questions relatingto the maintenance of international peace and security

2 General Assembly resolutions 2151 (XXI): Question of Southern Rho-desia, para. 6; 2202A(XXI): The policies of apartheid of the Governmentof the Republic of South Africa, para. 7, 2262(XXII): Question of South-ern Rhodesia, para. 17; 2270(XXII). Question of Territories under Portu-guese administration, para. 10, 2307(XXII). The policies of apartheid ofthe Government of the Republic of South Africa, para. 4; 2324(XXII).Question of South West Africa, para. 4; 2383(XXIII): Question of South-ern Rhodesia, para. 9; 2395(XXIII): Question of Territories under Portu-guese administration, para 4; 2396(XXIII): The policies of apartheid ofthe Government of South Africa, para. 4; 2403(XXIII) Question ofNamibia, para. 3; 2498(XXIV): Question of Namibia, para. 3;2506B(XXIV): The policies of apartheid of the Government of South Af-rica, para. 9; 2508(XXIV): Question of Southern Rhodesia, paras. 12 and14; 2517(XXIV). Question of Namibia, para. 4. For details, see Annex11, section C, 2 and 3.

3 G A(XXI), Spec. Pol. Com., 542nd mtg.: Italy, para. 32; G A(XXIV), Spec. Pol. Com., 663rd mtg.: Ireland, para. 28; Pakistan, para58.

4G A (ES-V), Plen., 1527th mtg.: United States, para. 12; 1530thmtg.: Iran, para. 107; 1531st mtg.: France, paras. 88, 106, 1539th mtg.:President (Afghanistan), para. 13; Netherlands, para. 42; 1540th mtg.:Ivory Coast, para. 51; 1542nd mtg.: Burundi, para. 52; 1546th mtg.: Bel-gium, para. 77; Guinea, para. 210.

5 G A (S-V), Plen., 1515th mtg.: Uruguay, para. 105.6G A (XXIV), First Com., 1654th mtg.: Malta, paras. 2 and 5; 1655th

mtg.: Yugoslavia, paras. 85-111; 1656th mtg.: United States, paras. 123-131; 1658th mtg.: Ecuador, paras. 27-51; G A (XXIV), Plen., 1836thmtg.: Malta, para. 60.

7 G A (ES-V), Arfnexes, a.i. 5, document A/6711. Letter from theMinister for Foreign Affairs of the USSR dated 13 June 1967, requestingthat an emergency special session of the General Assembly be convenedto consider the situation which had arisen as a result of continuing aggres-sion by Israel despite the Security Council's decisions concerning the ces-sation of hostilities between Israel and the Arab States. For treatment ofthe relevant constitutional discussion, see this Supplement under Article12, paras. 5-8.

treated in the Analytical Summary of Practice as well asother questions brought to the attention of the General As-sembly by express or implicit reference to Article 35(2) ofthe Charter and having, consequently, a possible bearingon Article 11(2). Some of the resolutions in section C ofannex II were discussed in the Fourth and Fifth Commit-tees; they are included either because constitutional discus-sions relating to them were treated in this study, or be-cause they included provisions which drew the attention ofthe Security Council to questions which the General As-sembly had considered, requested the Security Council toconsider them, or recommended to the Security Councilspecific measures to deal with them. The entries in annexII are confined to those resolutions considered as having alikely bearing on the provisions of Article 11.11. Annex III contains a tabulation of the decisions ofthe General Assembly with respect to disarmament and theregulation of armaments indicating the proposals on whichthe decisions were based, the dates and results of thevotes.

B. Addressees of recommendations of theGeneral Assembly

12. Recommendations of the General Assembly bearingon the general principles of international co-operation inthe maintenance of international peace and security wereaddressed to all Members of the United Nations;8 specificMembers of the United Nations;9 the Security Council;10

United Nations subsidiary bodies;11 all States;12 States;13

specialized agencies and other international bodies;14 andthe Secretary-General.15

8 G A resolutions- 2160(XXI), para. 3; 2606(XXIV), paras. 2 and 3.9G A resolutions: 2151(XXI), paras. 7-8; 2189(XXI), para. 11;

2262(XXII), paras. 7, 14, 21; 2270(XXII), para. 7; 2325(XXII), para. 5;2327(XXII), para. 6; 2383(XXIII), paras. 5, 12, 13 and 16, 2395(XXIII),paras. 3 and 12; 2396(XXIII), paras. 1, 2, and 8(a); 2508(XXIV), paras.7, 8, 11 and 16.

10 G A resolutions 2151(XXI), para. 6; 2202A(XXI), para. 7;2262(XXII), para. 17; 2270(XXII), para. 10; 2307(XXII), para. 4;2324(XXII), para. 4; 2383(XXIII), para. 9; 2395(XXIII), para. 4;2396(XXIII), para. 4, 2403(XXIII), para 3; 2498(XXIV), para. 3;2506B(XXIV), para. 9, 2508(XXIV), paras. 12 and 14; 2517(XXIV),para. 4.

11 G A resolutions 2151(XXI), para. 12; 2189(XXI), paras. 8 and 14-17; 2202A(XXI), para. 8; 2220(XXI), para. 2; 2224(XXÎ), para. 3;2262(XXII), para. 20; 2249 (S-V), para. 2; 2269(XXII), para. 3;2270(XXII), para. 17; 2307(XXII), paras. 12 and 13; 2308(XXH), paras.2 and 4; 2327(XXII), paras. 3-5 and 7; 2383(XXIII), para. 15; 2395(XXIII), para. 16; 2396(XXIII), paras. 14 and 15; 2451(XXIII), paras.1-3; 2466(XXIII), para. 5; 2506B(XXIV), para. 12; 2508(XXIV), para.15; 2516(XXIV), para. 5; 2517(XXIV), para. 6; 2576(XXIV), para. 2.

12 G A resolutions: 2151(XXI), para. 10; 2189(XXI), paras. 9 and 10;2202A(XXI) para. 5; 2225(XXI), para, (c); 2262(XXII), para. 16;2270(XXII), paras. 8 and 12; 2307(XXII), paras. 6, 8-10, 2383(XXHI),paras. 8 and 14; 2395(XXIII), paras. 5, 6 and 9, 2396(XXIII), paras 7,8(b), 10-13 and 16; 2506B(XXIV), paras. 4-7, and 11; 2508(XXIV),paras. 9 and 10; 2517(XXIV), para. 8.

13 G A resolutions: 2160(XXI), I, para. 2; 2307(XXII), para. 15.I 4 G A resolutions 2151(XXI), para. 11; 2262(XXII), para. 18;

2202A(XXI), para. 10, 2270(XXII), para. 13; 2307(XXH), paras. 7 and15; 2396(XXIII), para. 19, 2506B(XXIV), paras. 8 and 10.

15 G A resolutions 2160(XXI), II, oper. para.; 2189(XXI), paras. 18and 19, 2262(XXII), para. 19; 2202A(XXI), para. 9, 2270(XXII), paras.15 and 16; 2307(XXII), para. 14; 2324(XXII), para. 5; 2395(XXIII),paras. 14 and 15; 2396(XXIII), paras. 8(d), 17 and 18; 2506B(XXIV),para. 13; 2517(XXIV), para. 7; 2575(XXIV), paras. 5 and 6;2606(XXIV), para. 5.

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C. The practice of the General Assembly with respectto disarmament and the regulation of armaments

13. The General Assembly continued, through a numberof resolutions adopted during the period under review, itsefforts towards disarmament and the regulation of arma-ments. The relevant provisions of these resolutions aresummarized in Annex II, Section B. In those resolutions,the General Assembly has addressed itself to: Members ofthe United Nations;16 specific Members of the United Na-tions;17 United Nations bodies;18 nuclear and non-nuclear-weapon States;19 the "forthcoming disarmament confer-ence";20 the Conference of the Eighteen-NationCommittee on Disarmament or the Conference of theCommittee on Disarmament;21 all States and all Govern-ments;22 specific States;23 specialized agencies and otherinternational bodies;24 the President of the General Assem-bly;25 the Secretary-General;26 national and internationalscientific bodies;27 international finance.28

» , ,14. These' resolutions touch upon various aspects of dis-armament and the regulation of armaments. Some of theseresolutions are briefly described below either to illustratethe steps taken by the General Assembly in this field or tobring up to the end of the period under review those mat-ters dealt with in Supplement No. 3 to the Repertory.15. By resolution 2373(XXH), the General Assembly, in-ter alia, commended the "Treaty on the Non-Proliférationof Nuclear Weapons' ', and expressed the hope for the wid-est possible adherence by both "nuclear and non-nuclear-weapon States;"

16 G A resolutions 2162A(XXI), para. 4; 2346B(XXII), para. 3;2382(XXIII), para. 3; 2499A(XXIV), paras. 16, 17; 2526(XXIV), paras.1, 2 and 3; 2604A(XXIV), para. 2; 2605B(XXIV), para. 2.

17 G A resolutions 2222(XXI), para. 2; 2456D(XXIII), para.;2602A(XXIV), para.

18 G A resolutions 2222(XXI), para. 4; 2382(XXIII), para. 4;2467A(XXIII), paras. 3 and 4; 2467C(XX1II), para. 2; 2496(XXIV),para. 3; 2499A(XXIV), paras. 18 and 19.

19 G A resolutions 2163(XXI), para. 2; 2286(XXII), para. 4;2343(XXII), para. 2; 2455(XXIII), para. 2; 2456B(XXIII), para.;2604B(XXIV), para. 2; 2605B(XXIV), para. 3.

20 G A resolution 2164(XXI), para.21 G A resolutions 2153A(XXI), paras. 4, 6, 7 and 8; 2162C(XXI),

paras. 1, 3; 2163(XXI), para. 4; 2342A(XXII), para. 4; 2342B(XXII),paras. 1, 2 and 3; 2343(XXII), para. 4; 2344(XXII), paras. 1 and 2;2346A(XXII), paras. 2 and 3; 2373(XXII), paras. 4 and 5;2454B(XXIII), paras. 1, 2 and 4; 2455(XXIII), para. 4; 2602C(XXIV),paras. 1, 2 and 3; 2602D(XXIV), para.; 2602E(XXIV), paras. 3, 4, 5;2602F(XXIV), para. 2; 2603B(XXIV), II, para. 1; III, paras. 2 and 3;2604B(XXIV), para. 3.

22 G A resolutions 2149(XXI); 2153A(XXI), paras. 2 and 5;2162B(XXI), paras. 1 and 2; 2286(XXII), para. 2; 2289(XXII), para. 2;2342A(XXH), para. 6; 2343(XXII), para. 3; 2454A(XXIII), paras. 3, 5,6; 2602E(XXIV), paras. 2, 7,; 2603B(XXIV), I, para. 2; II, para. 3.

23 G A resolutions 2163(XXI), para. 1; 2286(XXII), para. 3;2343(XXII), para. 1; 2455(XXIII), para. 1; 2604B(XXIV), para. 1.

24 G A resolutions 2342A(XXII), para. 7; 2456A(XXIII), paras. 4, 5;2467A(XXIII), para. 5; 2499A(XXIV), para. 16; 2605A(XXIV), paras.1, 4, 5, 7; 2605B(XXIV), paras. 4, 5, 6.

25 G A resolution 2153B(XXI), para. 226 G A resolutions 2162A(XXI), para. 1; 2289(XXII), para. 3;

2342A(XXII), paras. 2, 5; 2387(XXIII), para. 2; 2454A(XXIII), para. 1;2456A(XXIII), paras. 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; 2456C(XXIII), paras. 1 and 2;2467B(XXIII), para. 4; 2467C(XXHI), para. 1; 2496(XXIV), para. 7;2602B(XXIV), para. 4; 2602E(XXIV), paras. 7 and 8; 2603B(XXIV),III, para. 4; 2604A(XXIV), paras. 1, 3; 2605A(XXIV), paras. 8, 9;2605B(XXIV), para. 8.

27 G A resolution 2454A(XXIII), para. 3.28 G A resolution 2605A(XXIV), para. 3

16. By resolution 2286(XXII), the General Assembly,inter alia, welcomed "with special satisfaction" the"Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in LatinAmerica" (Treaty of Tlatelolco), invited the nuclear-weapon Powers to sign and ratify the relevant Protocol ofthe Treaty, and called upon all States to give full co-operation for the universal observance of the régime of theTreaty. •

17. In resolution 2456A-D (XXIII), the General Assem-bly, inter alia, noted that, in pursuance of its resolution2346B (XXII) the Conference of Non-Nuclear-WeaponStates had been held at Geneva from 29 August to 28 Sep-tember 1968; endorsed the Declaration of that Conference;called on the Secretary-General to take a number of stepsdesigned to secure the co-operation of Member States andmembers of the specialized agencies and of the Interna-tional Atomic Energy Agency; reiterated the recommenda-tions of the Conference on the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones; requested the Secretary-General toprepare a report on the establishment, within the frame-work of the IAEA, of an international service for nuclearexplosions for peaceful purposes under appropriate inter-national control; and urged the Governments of the USSRand the United States to enter at an early date into bilateraldiscussions on the limitations of offensive strategic nuclearweapons delivery systems and systems of defence againstballistic missiles.

18. In resolution 2603A(XXIV) the General Assembly,inter alia, declared as contrary to the generally recognizedrules of international law, as embodied in the Protocol forthe Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poi-sonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods ofWarfare, signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925, the use in in-ternational armed conflicts of (i) any chemical agents ofwarfare—chemical substances, whether gaseous, liquidor solid—which might be employed because of their di-rect toxic effects on man, animals or plants; (ii) any bio-logical agents of warfare—living organisms,.whatevertheir nature, or infective material derived from them—which are intended to cause disease or death in man, ani-mals or plants, and which depend for these effects on theirability to multiply in the person, animal or plant attacked.19. By resolution 2602B (XXIV), the General Assemblyendorsed the agreement reached on the enlargement of themembership of the "Eighteen-Nation Committee on Dis-armament" by adding eight States to it, and on the changeof its title to the "Conference of the Committee on Dis-armament" and expressed the conviction that, to effectany change in the composition of the Conference of theCommittee on Disarmament, the procedure established inGeneral Assembly resolution 1722(XVI) should be ob-served.

20. The General Assembly occasionally expressed itssupport of efforts by Member States to carry on disarma-ment negotiations outside the framework of the United Na-tions. Thus, in resolution 2454B (XXIII), the General As-sembly noted with satisfaction the agreement of theGovernments of the USSR and the United States to negoti-ate bilaterally on the limitation and reduction of both of-fensive strategic nuclear-weapon delivery systems as wellas systems of defence against ballistic missiles.

21. At the twenty-fourth session, the General Assembly,by its resolution 2602E (XXIV), inter alia, reaffirmed the

Article 11 123

responsibility of the United Nations in the attainment ofdisarmament, as well as the need to pursue negotiations oneffective measures relating to the early cessation of the nu-clear arms race and to nuclear disarmament, and on a

treaty on general and complete disarmament under strictand effective international control. In paragraph 1 of thatresolution the decade of the 1970's was declared the Dis-armament Decade.

II. ANALYTICAL SUMMARY OF PRACTICE

A. The question of the relationship between the re-sponsibilities of the General Assembly and the pri-mary responsibility of the Security Council with re-gard to matters concerning the maintenance ofinternational peace and security

1. RESOLUTIONS 2220 (XXI), 2249 (S-V), 2308 (XXII),2451 (XXIII) AND 2576 (XXIV) IN CONNEXION WITHTHE COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE WHOLE QUESTION OF

PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS IN ALL THEIR ASPECTS.

22. The case studied in this section sets out specificquestions which arose in constitutional discussions on thegeneral scope of Article 11. While the immediate questionto which the attention of the General Assembly was calledwas that of peace-keeping operations and the responsibilityfor their authorization, financing and organization, theconstitutional issue raised dealt with the relationship be-tween the responsibility of the Security Council and that ofthe General Assembly in the maintenance of internationalpeace and security.

a. Précis of proceedings

23. In pursuance of General Assembly resolution2053(XX), the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Oper-ations submitted its third report29 to the twenty-first sessionof the General Assembly. At its 1415th plenary meeting,the General Assembly decided to include in the agenda theitem: "Comprehensive review of the whole question ofpeace-keeping operations in all their aspects: report of theSpecial Committee on Peace-keeping Operations." Theitem was considered by the Special Political Committee.Six draft resolutions and various amendments were submit-ted in the course of the debate in the Committee. Some ofthe provisions in these draft resolutions and amendmentshad an implicit bearing on Article 11, particularly with re-gard to the question of the respective responsibilities of theGeneral Assembly and the Security Council in this mat-ter.30 However, the General Assembly did not vote on therecommendations of the Special Political Committee, butadopted31 at its 1499th plenary meeting, on 19 December1966, a new eighteen-Power draft resolution (A/L.515),whereby the Assembly would refer the report to the fifthspecial session and request the Special Committee onPeace-keeping Operations to continue its work and to re-port to the fifth special session.24. In accordance with the request contained in resolu-tion 2220(XXI), the Special Committee on Peace-keeping

29G A(XXI), Annexes, a.i. 33, A/6414.30 G A(XXI), Annexes, a.i. 33, A/6603, para. 6. Draft resolution sub-

mitted by Argentina, Canada, Chile, Iran, Italy, Nigeria and Norway (A/SPC/L. 130), preamble. Ibid., para. 7, amendment submitted by Ethiopiato the two preambular paragraphs of the aforementioned joint draft reso-lution.

31 G A resolution 2220(XXI).

Operations submitted its fourth report,32 which was consid-ered by the General Assembly during the fifth special ses-sion. At its 1521st plenary meeting, on 23 May 1967, theGeneral Assembly adopted33 a draft resolution (A/6654)which had been proposed by the Special Committee onPeace-keeping Operations. By this resolution, the GeneralAssembly requested the Special Committee to continue thereview of the question with particular reference to methodsof financing future peace-keeping operations in accordancewith the Charter, and to facilities, services and personnelwhich Member States might provide, and to report on theprogress of its work to the twenty-second session of theGeneral Assembly.25. At its twenty-second session, the General Assemblyhad before it a further report34 of the Special Committeepursuant to resolution 2249(S-V). The General Assemblyadopted, on the recommendation of the Special PoliticalCommittee, resolution 2308(XXII), by which it again re-quested the Special Committee to continue the work as-signed to it and to prepare, by 1 July 1968, its report onthe progress achieved.26. At its twenty-third session, the General Assemblyhad before it two reports35 of the Special Committee onPeace-keeping Operations. As a result of the deliberationsin the Special Political Committee and in the plenary, theGeneral Assembly adopted resolution 2451 (XXIII), whichinter alia instructed the Special Committee to submit to thetwenty-fourth session of the Assembly a comprehensive re-port on the United Nations military observers establishedor authorized by the Security Council for observation pur-poses.27. At its twenty-fourth session, the General Assemblyhad before it another report36 of the Special Committee onPeace-keeping Operations. On the recommendation of theSpecial Political Committee,37 the General Assemblyadopted resolution 2576(XXIV) under which the SpecialCommittee was requested to submit to the twenty-fifth ses-sion of the General Assembly a comprehensive report onthe United Nations military observers established or author-ized by the Security Council for observation purposes pur-suant to Council resolutions, as well as a progress reporton such work as the Special Committee might be able toundertake on any other models of peace-keeping opera-tions.

b. Précis of relevant constitutional discussion

28. During the consideration of the agenda item "Com-prehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping

32 G A(S-V), Annexes, a.i 8, A/6654.33 G A resolution 2249(S-V).34 G A(XX1I), Annexes, a.i. 37, A/6815.35 G A(XXIII). Annexes, a.i. 32, A/7131 and A/7396.36 G A(XXIV), Annexes, a i. 35. A/7742."/«</.. A/7878.

124 Chapter IV. The General Assembly

operations in all their aspects",38 it was contended, on theone hand, that while it was undeniable that the SecurityCouncil had the primary responsibility for the maintenanceof international peace and security, that responsibility wasnot exclusive: in fact, the responsibility for the mainte-nance of peace and security was also expressly entrusted tothe General Assembly by the relevant provisions of theCharter, particularly those contained in Articles 10, 11 and12, with a view to preventing paralysis of peace-keepingaction by the United Nations in case the Security Councilfailed to exercise its powers for lack of unanimity of itspermanent members. The authors of the Charter, in pro-viding for the principle of unanimity among the permanentmembers of the Council, had not intended to preclude anypossibility of action for peace-keeping by the General As-sembly if the Council failed to act. Furthermore, Article11(2) conferred on the Assembly the power to discussquestions related to the maintenance of international peaceand security and to make recommendations on such ques-tions subject to the limitations of Article 12. Thus, theCharter had provided that the United Nations should be ina position to respond promptly and effectively to the needfor duly authorized action to maintain peace and security.It was further contended that the General Assembly andthe Security Council jointly shared the responsibility forthe maintenance of peace and security and that their re-spective functions in that regard were not only compatiblebut also complementary as a result of the provisions of Ar-ticles 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 35.29. It was maintained, on the other hand, that althoughthe role of the General Assembly under Articles 10, 11, 12and 14 should not be minimized, assertions to the effectthat peace-keeping operations fell within the competencenot only of the Security Council but also of the General

•wFor the texts of the statements referred to in paras. 28-30, see:G A(XXI), Spec. Pol. Com., 517th mtg.: Canada, para. 8; Chile, para.10; Iran, paras. 17, 19; 519th mtg.: Norway, para. 2; Nigeria, paras. 19,21; 520th mtg.: Guatemala, para. 28; 522nd mtg.: Nepal, para. 5;France, paras. 15, 16; USSR, para. 32; 523rd mtg.: Costa Rica, paras. 3and 4; 524th mtg.: Indonesia, para. 9; 525th mtg.: Mongolia, para. 3;526th mtg.: Austria, para. 6; Morocco, para. 62; 527th mtg.: Cyprus,para. 8; 543rd mtg.: Canada, para. 5; Mexico, para. 19; United States,para. 37; 544th mtg.: Peru, para. 16; 545th mtg.: Netherlands, para. 43;G A(S-V), Plen., 1520th mtg.: USSR, para. 100; G A(XXI), Plen.,1499th mtg.: Liberia, para. 69. G A(XXII), Spec. Pol. Com., 570thmtg.: Mexico, paras. 54, 70, 78; 573rd mtg.: France, paras. 34, 36;574th mtg.: USSR, paras. 17, 18, 20; 575th mtg: Czechoslovakia, para.17; 576th mtg.: Nigeria'/para. 20; 579th mtg.: Lebanon, para. 74; Po-land, para. 29; 580th mtg.: Democratic Republic of the Congo, paras.104 and 105; Tunisia, paras. 17 and 18; 581st mtg.: Honduras, para 79;G A (XXIII), Spec. Pol. Com., 636th mtg.: United States, para. 38;637th mtg.: France, para. 16; 639th mtg.: Nepal, para. 12; and 640thmtg.: Democratic Republic of the Congo, paras. 11 and 17; G A(XXIV),Plen. 1833rd mtg.: Democratic Republic of the Congo, paras. 71, 82 and93-95.

Assembly were clearly at variance with the provisions ofChapter VII of the Charter which set out the exclusivecompetence of the Security Council in that matter. Alsochallenged was the assertion that certain actions connectedwith the use of armed force could be adopted at the initia-tive of the General Assembly on the basis of Chapter VI.Under the Charter only the Security Council was responsi-ble for making agreements with Member States concerningthe provision of armed forces and facilities. It was furtherargued that, under the provisions of Chapter VII, recourseto preventive or enforcement action could be undertakenonly by decision of the Security Council. That did not im-ply, however, that the General Assembly could not con-cern itself with questions or situations threatening peaceand security, which it was entitled to do by virtue of Ar-ticles 10, 11 and 12. Not only could the Assembly discusssuch problems, but it could also present appropriate rec-ommendations to the Council. What the Assembly couldnot do was to adopt decisions the implementation of whichrequired the taking of action involving the use of force.That right, under the Charter, belonged exclusively to theSecurity Council.30. It was also maintained that the apportionment offunctions between the Security Council and the GeneralAssembly regarding matters that threatened world peacewas based mainly on Article 11(2). The General Assemblycould undertake such operations as observation, surveil-lance or investigation, provided such operations were notcarried out by units under military command. The conceptof peace-keeping involved two very different kinds ofmeasures, which should not be confused: those involvingcoercion under Chapter VII of the Charter, which werewithin the exclusive province of the Security Council, andthose falling under Chapter VI, which could be undertakenon the initiative of either the Security Council or the Gen-eral Assembly.

**B. The question of the meaning and scope of theterm "action" as used in Article 11(2)

**C. The question of the extent of the competence andpowers of the General Assembly with regard toquestions "on which action is necessary"

**D. The question of the force of a determination bythe General Assembly of the obligation of Mem-ber States under Article 2(4) of the Charter

**E. The question of the nature and limits of thepower of investigation of the General Assemblyin matters related to the maintenance of interna-tional peace and security.

Article 11 125

', ANNEX I

TABULATION OF AGENDA ITEMS BEARING UPON ARTICLE 11

A. Agenda items bearing upon the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international

(XXI)

(XXI)

(S-V)

(XXII)

(XXIII)

(XXIV)

(XXIV)

'

(XXI)

(XXI)(XXI)(XXI)(XXI)

(XXI)(XXII)(XXII)(XXII)(XXII)(XXII)(XXII)(XXIII)(XXIII)(XXIII)(XXIV)(XXIV)(XXIV)(XXIV)

92

33

8

37

32

35

103

B.

'

97

26272829

9891962930312827

289629

1043031

General Assembly session, number and title of the item

Strict observance of the prohibition of the threat or use of force in international relations,and of the right of peoples to self-determination

Comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their as-pects , (K

Comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their as-, pects , ',Comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their as-

pectsComprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their as-

pectsComprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their as-

pects,, The strengthening of international security

peace and security

Resolution number

2160 (XXI)

2220 (XXI)

2249 (S-V)

2308 (XXII)

2451 (XXIII)

2576 (XXIV)

2606 (XXIV)

Agenda items bearing upon the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments

General Assembly session, number and title of the item

Renunciation by States of actions hampering the conclusion of an agreement on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons

Non-proliferation of nuclear weaponsQuestion of general and complete disarmamentUrgent need for suspension of nuclear and thermonuclear testsQuestion of convening a conference for the purpose of signing a convention on the prohi-

bition of the use of nuclear and thermonuclear weaponsElimination of foreign military bases in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin AmericaTreaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin AmericaConclusion of a convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear weaponsQuestion of general and complete disarmamentUrgent need for suspension of nuclear and thermonuclear testsElimination of foreign military bases in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin AmericaNon-proliferation of nuclear weaponsQuestion of general and complete disarmamentUrgent need for suspension of nuclear and thermonuclear testsConference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon StatesQuestion of general and complete disarmamentQuestion of chemical and bacteriological (biological) weaponsUrgent need for suspension of nuclear and thermonuclear testsConference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States

Resolution number

2149 (XXI)

2153 (XXI)2162 (XXI)2163 (XXI)2164 (XXI)

2165 (XXI)2286 (XXII)2289 (XXII)2342 (XXII)2343 (XXII)2344 (XXII)2346 (XXII)2454 (XXIII)2455 (XXIII)2456 (XXIII)2602 (XXIV)2603 (XXIV)2604 (XXIV)2605 (XXIV)

**C. Agenda items of a general political character bearing, inter alia, upon the principles governing disarmamentand the regulation of armaments

126 Chapter IV. The General Assembly

D. Agenda items bearing upon the maintenance of international peace and security

(XXI)(XXI)(XXI)(XXI)(XXII)(XXII)(XXII)(XXII)(ES-V)

(XXIII)(XXIII)(XXIII)(XXIII)(XXIV)(XXIV)(XXIV)(XXIV)(XXIV)

236734

31 and 93336635645

236531256434

1029964

General Assembly session, number and tale of the item

Question of Southern RhodesiaQuestion of Territories under Portuguese administrationThe policies of apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South AfricaThe Korean questionThe Korean questionQuestion of Territories under Portuguese administrationThe policies of apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South AfricaQuestion of South West AfricaLetter dated 13 June 1967 from the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics (A/6717)

Question of Southern RhodesiaQuestion of Territories under Portuguese administrationThe policies of apartheid of the Government of South AfricaThe Korean questionQuestion of NamibiaThe policies of apartheid of the Government of South AfricaQuestion of Southern RhodesiaQuestion of KoreaQuestion of Namibia

Resolution number

2151 (XXI)2184 (XXI)2202A (XXI)2224 (XXI)2269 (XXII)2270 (XXII)2307 (XXII)2372 (XXII)2252 (ES-V)2253 (ES-V)2254 (ES-V)2255 (ES-V)2256 (ES-V)2257 (ES-V) ,2383 (XXIII)2395 (XXIII)2396 (XXIII)2466 (XXIII)2498 (XXIV)2506B(XXIV)2508 (XXIV)2516 (XXIV)2517 (XXIV)

** E. Agenda items bearing upon the maintenance of international peace and the general principles of co-operationin this field

ANNEX II

TABULATION OF PROVISIONS OF RESOLUTIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY BEARING UPON ARTICLE 11

A. Provisions bearing upon the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace

Vote

Number and title of resolution For Against Abstentions Precis of the provisions*

2160 (XXI). Strict observance of the prohibition of the threat 98or use of force in International relations, and of the right ofpeoples to self-determination

2606 (XXIV). The strengthening of international security Adopted without objections

Reaffirming that States shall strictly observe, in their international relations, the prohibition of the threat or useof force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, and that any forcible actionwhich deprives peoples under foreign domination of their right to self-determination constitutes a violationof the Charter of the United Nations (para. 1); urgently appealing to all States to renounce and to refrainfrom any action contrary to those fundamental principles, and to assure that their activities in internationalrelations are in full harmony with the interests of international peace and security exerting every effort to re-duce international tension, strengthen peace and promote friendly relations and co-operation among States(para. 2)

Having in mind the General Assembly's responsibilities concerning international peace and security; believingthat international security is dependent upon the development of a world legal order based on justice and thestrict observance by all States without exception of the principles of the United Nations; deeply concerned atthe continuance of the arms race which constitutes a continuing threat to peace and security; convinced ofthe urgent need to make the United Nations more effective as an instrument for maintaining internationalpeace and security (1st, 3rd, 6th and 8th pream. paras); believing that on the occasion of the XXV anniver-sary of the United Nations the General Assembly should consider appropriate recommendations on thestrengthening of international security, inviting Member States to study the proposals and statements madeduring the consideration of this question, and to inform the Secretary-General of their views, and also ofany measures they take to strengthen international peace and security; and requesting the Secretary-Generalto report to the XXV session of the Assembly on the communications received on this matter (paras. 1 ,2 ,3and 5)

B. Provisions bearing upon the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments

Vote

Number and title of resolution Against Abstentions Précis of the provisions3

2149 (XXI). Renunciation by states of actions hampering the 110conclusion of an agreement on the non-proliferation of nu-clear weapons

2153A (XXI). Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons 97

2153B (XXI). Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons 48 59

" Paragraph references are to operative paragraphs.

Appealing urgently to all States, pending the conclusion of a treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclearweapons, to take all necessary steps to facilitate and achieve at the earliest possible time the conclusion ofsuch a treaty, and to refrain from any actions conducive to the proliferation of nuclear weapons or whichmight hamper the conclusion of an agreement on non-proliferation (paras, (a) and (b))

Urging all States to take all the necessary steps conducive to the earliest conclusion of a treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons (para. 2); calling upon all nuclear-weapon Powers to refrain from the use,or the threat of use, of nuclear weapons against States which may conclude treaties tending toward generaland complete disarmament and, more particularly, nuclear disarmament (para. 3); requesting the Conferenceof the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament to consider the proposal that the nuclear-weapon Powersshould give an assurance against the use, or threat to use, nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weaponStates (para. 4); requesting the CENCD to submit to the General Assembly at an early date a report on theresult of its work on this question (para. 8).

Deciding to convene a conference of non-nuclear-weapon States to meet not later than July 1968 to consider,inter alia, (a) how to best assure the security of the non-nuclear States, (b) how non-nuclear States may co-operate among themselves to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and (c) how nuclear devices canbe used exclusively for peaceful purposes (para. 1); requesting the President of the General Assembly to set

B. Provisions bearing upon the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments (continued)

Number and title of resolution For Against Abstentions Précis of the provisions1

2153B (XXI) (continued)

2162A (XXI). Question of general and complete disarmament Unanimity

2162B (XXI). Question of general and complete disarmament 91

2162C (XXI). Question of general and complete disarmament 98 0

2163 (XXI). Urgent need for suspension of nuclear and ther- 100monuclear tests

2164 (XXI). Question of convening a conference for the pur- 80pose of signing a convention on the prohibition of the use ofnuclear and thermonuclear weapons

2165 (XXI). Elimination of foreign military bases in the coun- 94tries of Asia, Africa and Latin America

2286 (XXII). Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 82in Latin America

23

10

28

up a preparatory committee, widely representative of the non-nuclear-weapon States, to make arrangementsfor convening the aforementioned conference, reporting thereon to the next General Assembly session (para.2).

Requesting the Secretary-General to prepare a concise report on the effects of the possible use of nuclearweapons and on the security and economic implications for States of the acquisition and further develop-ment of these weapons (para. 1); recommending, that the report should be based on accessible material, pre-pared with the assistance of qualified experts, and that the report be published and transmitted to the Mem-ber States (paras. 2 and 3); recommending that the Governments of all Member States should give the reportwide distribution, so as to acquaint world public opinion with its contents (para. 4).

Calling on all States for strict observance of the principles and objectives of the Protocol for the Prohibition ofthe Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare,signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925, and condemning all actions contrary to those objectives (para. 1); invit-ing all States to accede to the referred to Geneva Protocol (para. 2)

Requesting the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament to pursue new efforts towardsachieving substantial progress in reaching agreement on the question of general and complete disarmamentunder effective international control, as well as on collateral measures, and in particular on an internationaltreaty to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and on the completion of the test ban treaty so as tocover underground nuclear weapon tests (para. 1); deciding to refer to that Conference all documents andrecords of the meetings of the First Committee concerning all matters related to the disarmament question(para. 2); requesting the Conference to resume its work as early as possible and to report to the General As-sembly, as appropriate, on the progress achieved (para. 3)

Urging all States which have not done so to adhere to the Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmo-sphere, in outer space and under water (para. 1); calling upon all nuclear-weapon States to suspend nuclearweapon tests in all environments (para. 2); expressing the hope that States will contribute to an effective in-ternational exchange of seismic data (para. 3); requesting the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committeeon Disarmament to elaborate without any further delay a treaty banning underground nuclear weapon tests(para. 4)

Requesting that the forthcoming world disarmament conference give serious consideration to the question ofsigning a convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons (oper. para.)

Considering that this question is of paramount importance and therefore necessitates serious discussion be-cause of its implications for international peace and security (preamble); deciding to transmit to the Confer-ence of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament, for further consideration and report, all the docu-ments and records of the meetings of the First Committee and the plenary meetings of the General Assemblypertaining to this item (oper. para.)

Welcoming with special satisfaction the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America,which constitutes an event of historic significance in the efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclearweapons and to promote international peace and security and which at the same time establishes the right ofLatin American countries to use nuclear energy for demonstrated peaceful purposes in order to acceleratethe economic and social development of their peoples (para. 1); calling upon all States to give their full co-operation to ensure that the régime laid down in the Treaty enjoys the universal observance to which its lofty

2286 (XXII) (continued)

2289 (XXII). Conclusion of a convention on the prohibition of 77the use of nuclear weapons

2342A (XXII). Question of general and complete disarmament 113 0

2342B (XXII). Question of general and complete disarmament 113 0

2343 (XXII). Urgent need for suspension of nuclear and ther- 103 1monuclear tests

2344 (XXII). Elimination of foreign military bases in the 105countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America

2346A (XXII). Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons 112

principles and noble aims entitle it (para. 2); recommending States which are or may become signatories of theTreaty and those contemplated in Additional Protocol I of the Treaty to strive to take all the measures withintheir power to ensure that the Treaty speedily obtains the widest possible application among them (para. 3);inviting Powers possessing nuclear weapons to sign and ratify Additional Protocol II of the Treaty as soonas possible (para. 4)

29 Expressing the conviction of the General Assembly that it is essential to continue urgently the examination ofthe question of the prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons and of the conclusion of an appropriate inter-national convention (para. 1); urging all States, in this connexion, to examine in the light of the Declarationadopted by the General Assembly in resolution 1653 (XVI) the question of the prohibition of the use of nu-clear weapons and all such proposals as may be made on this question, and to undertake negotiations con-cerning the conclusion of an appropriate convention through the convening of an international conference,by the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament, or directly between States (para. 2);requesting the Secretary-General to transmit to all States Members of the United Nations and to that Confer-ence the draft convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons proposed by the Union of SovietSocialist Republics and the records of the meetings relating to the discussion of this item (para. 3)

1 Taking note of the Secretary-General's report as an authoritative statement on the effects of nuclear weaponsand on the implications of their acquisition and further development (para. 1); recommending that the Con-ference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament should take into account the report and the con-clusions thereof in its efforts towards the achievement of general and complete disarmament under effectiveinternational control (para. 4); recommending to all Governments the wide distribution of the report and itspublication in their respective languages, as appropriate, so as to acquaint public opinion with its contents '(para. 6); inviting regional intergovernmental organizations, the specialized agencies and the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency, and national and international non-governmental organizations to use all the facili-ties available to them to make the report widely known (para. 7)

3 Requesting the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament to resume at the earliest possi-ble date consideration of the question of general and complete disarmament in accordance with General As-sembly resolution 2162C (XXI) (para. 1), deciding 1o transmit to that Conference all the documents and rec-ords of the meetings of the First Committee, as well as those of the plenary meetings of the GeneralAssembly pertaining to this item (para. 2), requesting the Conference to report on the progress achieved onthe question of general and complete disarmament to the General Assembly at its twenty-third session (para.3)

7 Urging all States which have not done so to adhere without further delay to the Treaty banning nuclear weapontests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water (para. 1); calling upon all nuclear-weapon States tosuspend nuclear weapon tests in all environments (para. 2); expressing the hope that States will contribute toan effective international exchange of seismic data (para. 3); requesting the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament to take up as a matter of urgency the elaboration of a treaty banning un-derground nuclear weapon tests and to report to the General Assembly on this matter at its twenty-third ses-sion (para. 4)

13 Requesting the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament to resume consideration of thequestion of the elimination of foreign military bases in the countries of Asia, Afnca and Latin America, inaccordance with General Assembly resolution 2165 (XXI) (para. 1); requesting that Conference to report tothe General Assembly at its twenty-third session on the progress achieved on this question (para. 2)

4 Reaffirming the General Assembly's previous resolutions on this question (para. 1); calling upon the Confer-ence of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament urgently to continue its work giving all due consid-eration to all proposals submitted to the Committee and to the views expressed by Member States during thetwenty-second session of the General Assembly (para. 2); requesting the Conference to submit to the Gen-eral Assembly, on or before 15 March 1968, a full report on the negotiations regarding a draft treaty on thenon-proliferation of nuclear weapons, together with the pertinent documents and records (para. 3); recom-mending that upon the receipt of that report appropriate consultations should be initiated, on the setting ofan early date after 15 March 1968 for the resumption of the twenty-second session of the General Assemblyto consider this agenda item (para. 4)

B. Provisions bearing upon the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments (continued)

Vote

Number and title of resolution Against Abstentions Précis of the provisions*

2346B (XXII). Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons 110

2454A (XXIII). Question of general and complete disarma- 107ment

2454B (XXIII). Question of general and complete disarma- 109ment

2455 (XXIII). Urgent need for suspension of nuclear and ther- 109monuclear tests

2456A (XXIII). Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States 103

Approving the recommendations of the Preparatory Committee for the Conference of Non-Nuclear-WeaponStates, subject to the following paragraph (para. 1); deciding to convene the Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States at Geneva from 29 August to 28 September 1968 (para. 2); deciding to invite to the Confer-ence non-nuclear-weapon States Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agenciesand of the International Atomic Energy Agency (para. 3); requesting the Secretary-General to make appro-priate arrangements for convening the Conference in accordance with the recommendations of the Prepara-tory Committee (para. 4)

Considering that the possibility of the use of chemical and bacteriological weapons constitutes a serious threatto mankind and believing that the people of the world should be made aware of the consequences of the useof such weapons (preamble); requesting the Secretary-General to prepare on that subject a concise report inaccordance with the proposal contained in the introduction to his annual report on the work of the Organiza-tion submitted to the General Assembly at its twenty-third session and in accordance with the recommenda-tion of the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament (para. 1); recommending that thereport should be based on accessible material and prepared with the assistance of qualified consultant ex-perts appointed by the Secretary-General, taking into account the views expressed and the suggestions madeduring the discussion of this item at the twenty-third session of the General Assembly (para. 2); calling uponGovernments, national and international scientific institutions and organizations to co-operate with the Sec-retary-General in the preparation of the report (para. 3); requesting that the report be transmitted to the Con-ference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament, the Security Council and the General Assemblyat an early date, if possible by 1 July 1969, and to the Governments of Member States in time to permit itsconsideration at the twenty-fourth session of the General Assembly (para. 4); recommending that Govern-ments should give the report wide distribution in their respective languages, through various media of com-munication, so as to acquaint public opinion with its contents (para. 5); reiterating the call of the GeneralAssembly for strict observance by all States of the principles and objectives of the Protocol for the Prohibi-tion of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of War-fare signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925, and invites all States to accede to that Protocol (para. 6)

Requesting the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament to make renewed efforts to-wards achieving substantial progress in reaching agreement on the question of general and complete disarm-ament under effective international control and urgently to analyse the plans already under consideration andothers that might be put forward to see how in particular rapid progress could be made in the field of nucleardisarmament (para. 1); further requesting the Conference to continue its urgent efforts to negotiate collateralmeasures of disarmament (para. 2); deciding to refer to the Conference all documents and records of themeetings of the First Committee concerning all matters related to the disarmament question (para. 3); re-questing the Conference to resume its work as early as possible and to report to the General Assembly, asappropriate, on the progress achieved (para. 4)

Urging all States which have not done so to adhere without further delay to the Treaty Banning NuclearWeapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and under Water (para. 1); calling upon all nuclear-weapon States to suspend nuclear weapon tests in all environments (para. 2); expressing the hope that Stateswill contribute to an effective international exchange of seismic data (para. 3); requesting the Conference ofthe Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament to take up as a matter of urgency the elaboration of a treatybanning underground nuclear weapon tests and to report to the General Assembly on this matter at itstwenty-fourth session (para. 4)

Endorsing the Declaration of the Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States held at Geneva from 29 Augustto 28 September 1968 (preamble and para. 1); taking note of the resolutions adopted by the Conference and

2456A (XXIII) (continued) requesting the Secretary-General to transmit the resolutions and the Declaration to the Governments ofStates Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies and of the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency, and to the international bodies concerned, for their careful consideration (paras. 2and 3); inviting the specialized agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency and other internationalbodies concerned to report to the Secretary-General on the action taken by them in connexion with the rec-ommendations contained in the respective resolutions of the Conference (para. 4); requesting the Secretary-General to submit a comprehensive report based on the information supplied by those concerned on the pro-gress achieved in the implementation of the present resolution for consideration by the General Assembly atits twenty-fourth session (para. 6); requesting the Secretary-General to place on the provisional agenda ofthe twenty-fourth session of the General Assembly the question of the implementation, taking* into accountthe reports of the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament and the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency, of the results of the Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapons States, including: (a)The question of convening early in 1970 a meeting of the United Nations Disarmament Commission to con-sider disarmament and the related question of the security of nations; (b) The question of further interna-tional co-operation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy with particular regard to the special needs and in-terests of developing countries (para. 7); requesting the Secretary-General to appoint a group of experts,chosen on a personal basis, to prepare a full report on all possible contributions of nuclear technology to theeconomic and scientific advancement of the developing countries (para. 8); endorsing the recommendationthat the Secretary-General should draw the attention of the group of experts to the desirability of taking ad-vantage of the experience of the International Atomic Energy Agency in preparing the report (para. 9); re-questing the Secretary-General to transmit the report to the Governments of States Members of the UnitedNations and members of the specialized agencies and of the International Atomic Energy Agency in time topermit its consideration by the General Assembly at its twenty-fourth session (para. 10)

2456B (XXIII). Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States 98 16 Considering that the establishment of zones free from nuclear weapons, on the initiative of the States situatedwithin each zone concerned, is one of the measures which can contribute most effectively to halting the pro-liferation of those instruments of mass destruction and to promoting progress towards nuclear disarmamentand observing that the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America, opened for signa-ture on 14 February 1967, has already established a nuclear-weapon-free zone comprising territories denselypopulated by man (preamble); reiterating the recommendation of the Conference of Non-Nuclear-WeaponStates, concerning the establishment of nuclear-weapon free zones, and especially the urgent appeal for fullcompliance by the nuclear-weapon Powers with paragraph 4 of General Assembly resolution 2286 (XXII)inviting Powers possessing nuclear weapons to sign and ratify as soon as possible Additional Protocol II ofthe Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (oper. para.)

2456C (XXIII). Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States 75 30 Requesting the Secretary-General to prepare, in consultation with the States Members of the United Nationsand members of the specialized agencies and of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and with the co-operation of the latter and of those specialized agencies that he may consider pertinent, a report on the es-tablishment, within the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency, of an international servicefor nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes, under appropriate international control (para. 1); requestingthe Secretary-General to transmit the report to the Governments of those States in time to permit its consid-eration by the General Assembly at its twenty-fourth session (para. 2) <

2456D (XXIII). Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States 108 Considering that, pursuant to the agreement reached in July 1968 by the Governments of the Union of SovietSocialist Republics and the United States of America to enter into bilateral discussions on the limitation ofboth offensive strategic nuclear-weapon delivery systems and systems of defence against ballistic missiles,such discussions could lead to the cessation of the nuclear arms race and to the achievement of nuclear dis-armament and relaxation of tensions (preamble); urging the Governments of those Powers to enter at anearly date into bilateral discussions on the limitation of offensive strategic nuclear-weapon delivery systemsand systems of defence against ballistic missiles (oper. para.)

B. Provisions bearing upon the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of i its (continued)

Vote

Number and title of resolution Against Abstentions Précis of the provisions*

2602A (XXIV). Question of general and complete disarma- 82 0ment

2602B (XXIV). Question of general and complete disarma- 113ment

2602C (XXIV). Question of general and complete disarma- 79ment

2602D (XXIV). Question of general and complete disarma- 72ment

2602E (XXIV). Question of general and complete disarma- 104ment

2602F (XXIV). Question of general and complete disarma- 116 0ment

37 Noting that, on 17 November 1969, the Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and theUnited States of America initiated bilateral negotiations on the limitation of offensive and defensive strate-gic nuclear-weapon systems, expressing the hope that these negotiations will bring about early and positiveresults which would pave the way for further efforts in the field of nuclear disarmament (preamble); appeal-ing to the Governments of those Powers to agree, as an urgent preliminary measure, on a moratorium onfurther testing and deployment of new offensive and defensive strategic nuclear-weapon systems (oper.para.)

6 Endorsing the agreement that has been reached on the title and on the following composition of the Conferenceof the Committee on Disarmament: Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia,France, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland,Romania, Sweden, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Republic, United Kingdom of GreatBritain and Northern Ireland, United States of America and Yugoslavia (para. 1); requesting the Secretary-General to continue to render the necessary assistance and provide the necessary services to the Conferenceof the Committee on Disarmament (para. 4) •

. yLoi37 Inviting the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament to consider, without prejudice to existing priorities,

effective methods of control against the use of radiological methods of warfare conducted independently ofnuclear explosions (para. 1); recommending that the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament con-sider, in the context of nuclear arms control negotiations, the need for effective methods of control of nu-clear weapons that maximize radioactive effects (para. 2); requesting the Conference of the Committee onDisarmament to inform the General Assembly at its twenty-nfth session of the results of its consideration ofthis subject (para. 3)

44 Noting the rapid development of laser technology, which is becoming increasingly important in many civilianand military fields (preamble); recommending that the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament giveconsideration, without prejudice to existing priorities, to the implications of the possible military applica-tions of laser technology (oper. para.)

13 Declaring the decade of the 1970's as a Disarmament Decade (para. 1); calling upon Governments to intensifywithout delay their concerted efforts for effective measures relating to the cessation of the nuclear arms raceand to nuclear disarmament and the elimination of other weapons of mass destruction, and for a treaty ongeneral and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control (para. 2); requesting theConference of the Committee on Disarmament 'to resume its work as early as possible and to work out acomprehensive programme, dealing with all aspects of the problem of the cessation of the arms race andgenera] and complete disarmament under effective international control, which would provide the Confer-ence with a guideline to chart the course of its further work and its negotiations, and to report thereon to theGeneral Assembly at its twenty-fifth session (paras. 3 and 4); recommending that consideration be given tochannelling a substantial part of the resources freed by measures in the field of disarmament to promote theeconomic development of developing countries and in particular, their scientific and technological progress(para. 6); requesting the Secretary-General and Governments to publicize the Disarmament Decade by allappropriate means at their disposal in order to acquaint public opinion with its purposes and objectives andwith the negotiations and developments related thereto (para. 7); requesting the Secretary-General to provideall appropriate facilities and assistance with a view to furthering the fullest implementation of the presentresolution (para. 8)

4 Considering that the prevention of a nuclear arms race on the sea-bed and the ocean floor serves the interestsof maintaining world peace, reducing international tensions and strengthening friendly relations among

2602F (XXIV) (continued)

2603A (XXIV). Question of chemical and bacteriological 80(biological) weapons

36

States (preamble); welcoming submission to the General Assembly at its present session of the draft Treatyon the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on theSea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof, annexed to the report of the Conference of theCommittee on Disarmament, and the various proposals and suggestions made in regard to the draft Treaty(para. 1); calling upon the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament to take into account all the pro-posals and suggestions that have been made at the present session of the General Assembly and to continueits work on this subject so that the text of a draft treaty can be submitted to the General Assembly for itsconsideration (para. 2)

Considering the report of the Secretary-General'entitled Chemical and Bacteriological (Biological) Weaponsand the Effects of Their Possible Use (preamble); declaring as contrary to the generally recognized rules ofinternational law, as embodied in the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poi-sonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925, theuse in international armed conflicts of: (a) Any chemical agents of warfare—chemical substances, whethergaseous, liquid or solid—which might be employed because of their direct toxic effects on man, animals orplants; (b) Any biological agents of warfare—living organisms, whatever their nature, or infective materialderived from them—which are intended to cause disease or death in man, animals or plants, and which de-pend for their effects on their ability to multiply in the person, animal or plant attacked (oper. para.)

2603B.I. (XXIV). Question of chemical and bacteriological(biological) weapons

120 Reaffirming its resolution 2162B (XXI) of 5 December 1966 and calling anew for strict observance by allStates of the principles and objectives of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating,Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925(para. 1); inviting all States which have not yet done so to accede to or ratify the Geneva Protocol in thecourse of 1970 in commemoration of the forty-fifth anniversary of its signing and the twenty-fifth anniver-sary of the United Nations (para. 2)

2603B.II. (XXIV). Question of chemical and bacteriological(biological) weapons

120 Welcoming the aforementioned report of the Secretary-General (para. 1); requesting him to publicize the re-port in as many languages as is considered desirable and practicable (para. 2); recommending to all Govern-ments the wide distribution of the report so as to acquaint public opinion with its contents, and inviting thespecialized agencies, intergovernmental organizations and national and international nongovernmental or-ganizations to use their facilities to make the report widely known (para. 3); recommending the report of theSecretary-General to the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament as a basis for its further consider-ation of the elimination of chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons (para. 4)

2603B.1II. (XXIV). Question of chemical and bacteriological(biological) weapons

120 Taking note of the draft Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stock-piling ofChemical and Bacteriological (Biological) Weapons and on the Destruction of such Weapons submitted tothe General Assembly by the delegations of Bulgaria, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Czecho-slovakia, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Union ofSoviet Socialist Republics and of the draft Convention for the Prohibition of Biological Methods of Warfaresubmitted to the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament by the United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland as well as other proposals (para. 1); requesting the Conference of the Committee on Dis-armament to give urgent consideration to reaching agreement on the prohibitions and other measures re-ferred to in the draft conventions mentioned in the preceding paragraph and other relevant proposals (para.2); requesting the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament to submit a report on progress on all as- 'pects of the problem of the elimination of chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons to the GeneralAssembly at its twenty-fifth session (para. 3); requesting the Secretary-General to transmit to the Confer-ence of the Committee on Disarmament all documents and records of the First Committee relating to ques-tions connected with the problem of chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons (para. 4)

2604A (XXIV). Urgent need for suspension of nuclear andthermonuclear tests

99 13 Having studied the proposal submitted to the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament concerning theprovision of information by Governments in connexion with the creation of a world-wide exchange of seis-mological data to facilitate the achievement of a comprehensive test ban (preamble); requesting the Secre-

B. Provisions bearing upon the principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments (continued)

Number and title of resolution For Against Abstentions Précis of the provisions'

2604A (XXIV) (continued)

2604B (XXIV). Urgent need for suspension of nuclear and 114thermonuclear tests

2605A (XXIV). Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States 110

2605B (XXIV). Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States 80

tary-General to transmit to the Governments of all Member States or members of any of the specializedagencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency, or parties to the Statute of the International Courtof Justice, the request for information annexed to the present resolution (para. 1); inviting those Govern-ments to co-operate with the Secretary-General in providing the information requested as soon as possiblebut not later than 1 May 1970 (para. 2); requesting the Secretary-General to circulate forthwith, upon re-ceipt, all responses to those Governments mentioned in paragraph 1 above and to members of the Confer-ence of the Committee on Disarmament to assist the Conference in its further consideration of the achieve-ment of a comprehensive test ban (para. 3)

4 Urging all States which have not done so to adhere without further delay to the Treaty Banning NuclearWeapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and under Water (para. 1); calling upon all nuclear-weapon States to suspend nuclear weapon tests in all environments (para. 2); requesting the Conference ofthe Committee on Disarmament to continue, as a matter of urgency, its deliberations on a treaty banning un-derground nuclear weapon tests, taking into account the proposals already made in the Conference as to thecontents of such a treaty, as well as the views expressed at the current session of the General Assembly, andto submit a special report to the Assembly on the results of its deliberations (para. 3)

10 Inviting the International Atomic Energy Agency, the United Nations Development Programme, the Interna-tional Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the interested specialized agencies to take further ap-propriate action on the recommendations of the Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States in planning andcarrying out their activities (para. 1); commending with appreciation the Secretary-General's report on thecontributions of nuclear technology to the economic and scientific advancement of the developing countries(para. 2); drawing the attention of the international sources of finance to the recommendations contained inthe aforementioned report (para. 3); recommending to the International Atomic Energy Agency, the variousinternational and regional financing institutions, including the United Nations Development Programme andthe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, to co-operate in finding ways and means of fi-nancing meritorious nuclear projects, bearing in mind not only the short-range but also the long-range con-tribution such projects may make to economic and technical development (para. 4); drawing the attention ofthe States members of the International Atomic Energy Agency to the appeals to increase the funds availableto the Agency for multilateral assistance in the nuclear field (para. 5); noting with satisfaction the actiontaken so far by the International Atomic Energy Agency regarding the fund of special fissionable materialsand requests the Agency to continue its efforts to ensure the supply to member States, of such materials, in-cluding materials for power reactors (para. 6); inviting the specialized agencies, the International AtomicEnergy Agency and other international bodies concerned to report to the Secretary-General on further actiontaken by them concerning the recommendations of the Conference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States whichwere transmitted to them by the Secretary-General in pursuance of General Assembly resolution 2456A(XXIII) (para. ?);• requesting the Secretary-General to submit a progress report, based on the informationsupplied by those concerned and further requesting the Secretary-General to place on the provisional agendaof the twenty-fifth session of the General Assembly the question of the implementation of the results of theConference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States (paras. 8 and 9)

37 Having reviewed the report of the Secretary-General on the establishment, within the framework of the Inter-national Atomic Energy Agency, of an international service for nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes un-der appropriate international control (preamble); expressing its appreciation of the studies recently made bythe Secretary-General and the International Atomic Energy Agency on this subject (para. 1); urging allMember States to communicate any further views they may have on this subject to the International AtomicEnergy Agency so that the Agency may take these comments into account in its further studies (para. 2); in-viting the nuclear-weapon States to continue to make available to the International Atomic Energy Agencyfull and current information concerning the technology of applying nuclear explosions to peaceful uses for

2605B (XXIV) (continued)the benefit of all its members (para. 3); inviting the International Atomic Energy Agency to keep the devel-opment of this technology under continuing review and suggesting that the International Atomic EnergyAgency continue to give particular attention over the next year to the convening of further technical meet-ings to discuss the scientific and technical aspects of this technology (paras. 4 and 5); inviting the Interna-tional Atomic Energy Agency to submit to the Secretary-General, not later than 1 October 1970, a specialreport on the progress of its further studies and activities in this field to be considered by the General As-sembly at its twenty-fifth session (para. 6); requesting the Secretary-General to include in the provisionalagenda of the twenty-fifth session of the General Assembly an item entitled "Establishment within theframework of the International Atomic Energy Agency of an international service for nuclear explosions forpeaceful purposes under appropriate international control (para. 8)

C. Provisions bearing upon the maintenance of international peace and security

1. PROVISIONS RECOMMENDING MEANS FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF QUESTIONS RELATINGTO THE MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY

Vote

Number and title of resolution Afainst Precis of the provisions"

2224 (XXI). The Korean question

2269 (XXII). The Korean question

2466 (XXIII). The Korean question

2516 (XXIV). Question of Korea

67

68

71

70

19

23

25

26

32 Reaffirming that the objectives of the United Nations in Korea are to bring about, by peaceful means, the es-tablishment of a unified, independent and democratic Korea under a representative form of government, andthe full restoration of international peace and security in the area and expressing the belief that arrangementsshould be made to achieve these objectives through genuinely free elections held in accordance with the rel-evant resolutions of the General Assembly (paras. 1 and 2).

26 Reaffirming that the objectives of the United Nations in Korea are to bring about, by peaceful means, the es-tablishment of a unified, independent and democratic Korea under a representative form of government, andthe full restoration of international peace and security in the area, and expressing the belief that arrange-ments should be made to achieve these objectives through genuinely free elections held in accordance withthe relevant resolutions of the General Assembly (paras 1 and 2).

20 Reaffirming that the objectives of the United Nations in Korea are to bring about, by peaceful means, the es-tablishment of a unified, independent and democratic Korea under a representative form of government, andthe full restoration of international peace and security in the area and expressing the belief that arrangementsshould be made to achieve these objectives through genuinely free elections held in accordance with the rel-evant resolutions of the General Assembly (paras. 1 and 2).

21 Reaffirming that the objectives of the United Nations in Korea are to bring about, by peaceful means, the es-tablishment of a unified, independent and democratic Korea under a representative form of government, andthe full restoration of international peace and security in the area and expressing the belief that arrangementsshould be made to achieve these objectives through genuinely free elections held in accordance with the rel-evant resolutions of the General Assembly (paras. 1 and 2).

2. PROVISIONS RECOMMENDING THE TAKING OF SPECIFIC MEASURES

Number and title of resolution For Against Abstentions Precis of the provisions*

2151 (XXI). Question of Southern Rhodesia 89

2184 (XXI). Question of Territories under Portuguese adminis-tration

70 13

2202A (XXI). The policies of apartheid of the Government ofthe Republic of South Africa

84

2270 (XXII). Question of Territories under Portuguese admin-istration

82

17 Drawing the attention of the Security Council to the grave situation prevailing in Southern Rhodesia, in orderthat it may decide to apply the necessary enforcement measures envisaged under Chapter VII of the Charterof the United Nations (para. 6); calling upon the Government of the United Kingdom to take prompt and ef-fective measures to prevent any supplies, including oil and petroleum products, from reaching SouthernRhodesia (para. 7); calling once again upon the Government of the United Kingdom to take all the neces-sary measures, including in particular the use of force, in the exercise of its powers to put an end to the ille-gal racist minority régime of Southern Rhodesia and to ensure the immediate application of the General As-sembly and other relevant resolutions (para. 8).

22 Calling upon Portugal to apply immediately the principle of self-determination to the peoples of the Territoriesunder its administration, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and Security Councilresolutions 183 (1963) and 218 (1965) (para. 5); appealing to all States to give the peoples of the Territoriesunder Portuguese domination the moral and material support necessary for the restoration of their inalienablerights and to prevent their nationals from co-operating with the Portuguese authorities, especially in regardto investment in the Territories (para. 6); recommending to the Security Council that it make it obligatoryfor all States, directly and through their action in the appropriate international agencies of which they aremembers, to implement the measures contained in General Assembly resolution 2107 (XX), and in particu-lar those mentioned in paragraph 7 thereof (para. 7); requesting all States, and in particular the military al-lies of Portugal within the framework of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, to take the following steps'(a) to desist forthwith from giving the Portuguese Government any assistance which enables it to continueits repression of the African peoples in the Territories under its domination; (b) to take all the necessarymeasures to prevent the sale or supply of arms and military equipment to the Government of Portugal; (c) tostop the sale or shipment to the Government of Portugal of equipment and materials for the manufacture ormaintenance of arms and ammunition; (d) to take the necessary measures to put an end to such activities asare referred to in paragraph 4 above (para. 8).

13 Appealing to all States (a) to comply fully with the decisions duly taken by the Security Council which sol-emnly call on them to cease forthwith the sale and delivery to South Africa of arms, ammunition of alltypes, military vehicles and equipment and materials intended for their manufacture and maintenance; (b) todiscourage immediately the establishment of closer economic and financial relations with South Africa, par-ticularly in investment and trade, and also to discourage loans by banks in their countries to the Governmentof South Africa or South African companies, and to submit reports to the Secretary-General on steps takenin this respect, such reports to be transmitted by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly and theSpecial Committee; (c) to consider effective political, moral and material assistance to all those combatingthe policies of apartheid, in the light of the recommendations of the Seminar on Apartheid; (d) to make ade-quate and generous contributions to humanitarian programmes designed to assist the victims of apartheid;(e) to endeavour to grant asylum and extend travel facilities and educational and employment opportunitiesto refugees from South Africa (para. 5); drawing once again the attention of the Security Council to the factthat the situation in South Africa constitutes a threat to international peace and security, that action underChapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations is essential in order to solve the problem of apartheid andthat universally applied mandatory economic sanctions are the only means of achieving a peaceful solution(para. 7); inviting the specialized agencies, regional organizations, States and non-governmental organiza-tions to co-operate with the Secretary-General and the Special Committee on the Policies of Apartheid of theGovernment of the Republic of South Africa in the accomplishment of their tasks under the present resolu-tion (para. 10).

21 Urging the Government of Portugal to apply without delay to the peoples of the Territories under its domina-tion the principle of self-determination in accordance with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) andother relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council, and, in particular, to take thefollowing action; (a) to recognize solemnly the right of the peoples under its domination to self-

2270 (XXII) (continued) determination and independence; (b) to desist forthwith from all acts of repression and to withdraw all mili-tary and other forces which it is using for that purpose; (c) to proclaim an unconditional political amnestyand create the conditions which will enable authority to be transferred to freely elected institutions repre-sentative of the populations, in accordance with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) (para. 7); request-ing once again all States, particularly the military allies of Portugal in the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-tion, to take the following measures: (a) to desist forthwith from giving the Government of Portugal anyassistance, including the training of Portuguese military personnel within or outside the framework of theNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization, which encourages that Government to continue its repression of the Af-rican people in the Territories under its domination; (b) to prevent any sale or supply of weapons and mili-tary equipment to the Government of Portugal; (c) to stop the sale or shipment to the Government of Portu-gal of equipment and material for the manufacture or. maintenance of weapons and ammunition; (d) to putan end to the activities referred to in paragraph 6 above (para. 8); recommending the Security Council toconsider urgently the adoption of the necessary measures to make mandatory the provisions of its resolu-tions concerning this question, particularly resolution 218 (1965) of 23 November 1965, and those of Gen-eral Assembly resolutions 2107 (XX) of 21 December 1965 and 2184 (XXI) of 12 December 1966 (para.11).

2307 (XXII). The policies of apartheid of the Government of 89 2the Republic of South Africa

2372 (XXII). Question of South West Africa 96 2

12 Requesting all States, particularly the main trading partners of South Africa, to comply fully,with the resolu-tions of the Security Council on this question, to take urgent steps towards disengagement from SouthAfrica and to take all appropriate measures to facilitate more effective action, under the auspices of theUnited Nations, to secure the elimination of apartheid (para. 6); appealing to all States and organizations toprovide appropriate moral, political and material assistance to the people of South Africa in their legitimate ..struggle for the rights recognized in the Charter (para. 8). •

18 Recommending the Security Council urgently to take all appropriate steps to secure the implementation of thepresent resolution and to take effective measures in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of theUnited Nations to ensure the immediate removal of the South African presence from Namibia and to securefor Namibia its independence in accordance with General Assembly resolutioni 2145 (XXI) (para. 13).

2383 (XXIII). Question of Southern Rhodesia 86 9

2395 (XXIII). Question of Territories under Portuguese ad- 85ministration

23% (XXIII). The policies of apartheid of the Government of 85South Africa

2498 (XXIV). Question of Namibia 95

2506B (XXIV). The policies of apartheid of the Government 80of South Africa

19 Drawing the attention of the Security Council to the urgent necessity of applying the following measures en-visaged under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United^Njttions: (a) die scope of the sanctions should bewidened further to include all the measures laid down in Article 41 of the Charter with respect to the illegalracist régime in Southern Rhodesia; (b) sanctions should be imposed on South Africa and Portugal, the Gov-ernments of which have blatantly refused to carry out the mandatory decisions of the Security Council (para.8 (a) and (b)).

15 Urgently appealing to all States to take all measures to prevent the recruitment or training in their territories ofany persons as mercenaries for the colonial war being waged in the Territories under Portuguese dominationand for violations of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the independent African States (para. 9).

14 Drawing the attention of the Security Council to the grave situation in South Africa and in southern Africa as awhole and requesting the Council to resume urgently the consideration of the question of apartheid with aview to adopting, under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, effective measures to ensure thefull implementation of comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa (para. 4); calling upon allStates and organizations to provide greater moral, political and material assistance to the South Africa lib-eration movement in its legitimate struggle (para. 7).

6 Drawing the attention of the Security Council to the deteriorating situation which has arisen as a result of therefusal of South African authorities to comply with Council resolution 269 (1969) (para. 3).

23 Urging all States and organizations to provide increased assistance to the national movement of the oppressedpeople of South Africa against the policies of apartheid . . . (para. 4); inviting all States to desist from col-laborating with the Government of South Africa by taking steps to prohibit financial and economic interests

2. PROVISIONS RECOMMENDING THE TAKING OF SPECIFIC MEASURES (continued)

Vote

Number and title of resolution Against Abstentions Precis of the provisions*

2506B (XXIV) (continued)

2508 (XXIV). Question of Southern Rhodesia 83

2517 (XXIV). Question of Namibia 92

under their national jurisdiction from co-operating with the Government of South Africa; to prohibit airlinesand shipping lines registered in their countries from providing services to and from South Africa and to denyall facilities to air flights and shipping services to and from South Africa; to refrain from extending loans,investments and technical assistance to the Government of South Africa and companies registered in SouthAfrica;'to take appropriate measures to dissuade the main trading partners of South Africa and economic andfinancial interests from collaborating with the Government of South Africa and companies registered inSouth Africa (para. 5); calling upon all States to implement fully the provisions 'of the Security Council res-olutions concerning the embargo on the supplying of arms and other military equipment to the Governmentof South Africa (para. 6); calling upon all States to desist from providing the Government of South Africawith technical and other assistance for the manufacture of arms, ammunition and military vehicles (para. 7);calling upon all organs of the United Nations, the specialized agencies and other international organizationsto refrain from extending facilities to banks and other financial institutions which provide assistance to theGovernment of South Africa, and to companies registered in South Africa (para. 8); drawing the attention of

x the Security Council to the grave situation in South Africa, and in southern Africa as a whole, and recom-mending the Council to resume urgently the consideration of the question of apartheid with a view to adopt-ing effective measures, including those under Chapter VII of the Charter,* to eliminate the threat to interna-tional peace and security posed by the situation (para. 9).

20 Calling upon the Government of the United Kingdom, in fulfilment of its responsibility as the administeringPower, to take effective measures, including the use of force, to put an immediate end to the illegal racistminority régime in Southern Rhodesia and to transfer all powers to the people of Zimbabwe on the basis ofmajority rule (para. 7); calling upon the administering Power to ensure the immediate release of the Africannationalists who are in detention and to prevent further assassination and imprisonment of African national-ists in Southern Rhodesia (para. 8); calling upon all States which continue to maintain political, economic,military and other relations with the illegal racist minority regime in Southern Rhodesia to bring them to animmediate end (para. 9); calling upon all States, specialized agencies and other international organizationsconcerned to extend all moral and material assistance to the national liberation movements of Zimbabwe, inco-operation with the Organization of African Unity (para. 10); drawing further the attention of the SecurityCouncil to the urgent necessity of applying the following measures envisaged under Chapter VII of theCharter: (a) the. scope of the sanctions against the illegal racist minority régime should be widened to in-clude all the measures laid down in Article 41 of the Charter, (b) sanctions should be imposed on SouthAfrica and Portugal, the Governments of which have blatantly refused to carry out the mandatory decisionsof the Security Council (para. 14); calling upon the administering Power to report to the Special Committeeon its action in the implementation of the present resolution (para. 16).

19 Requesting the United Nations Council for Namibia to continue to discharge, by every available means, thefunctions entrusted to it in the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, (para. 6); requesting theSecretary-General to continue to provide the necessary assistance and facilities to the United Nations Coun-cil for Namibia to discharge-its duties and functions (para. 7); calling upon all States to co-operate with theUnited Nations Council for Namibia in carrying out the tasks entrusted to it (para. 8).

3. PROVISIONS BEARING UPON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SUBSIDIARY ORGANS OR THEIR FUNCTIONS

Vote

Number and title of resolution For Against Abstention] Precis of the provisions"

Appointment of the members of the Peace Observation Com- Adopted0 Deciding to reappoint, for the calendar years 1970 and 1971, the current members of the Peace ObservationCommission (China, Czechoslovakia, France, Honduras, India, Iraq, Israel, New Zealand, Pakistan, Swe-den, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, UnitedStates of America and Uruguay)

2153B (XXI). Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons 48

2220 (XXI). Comprehensive review of the whole question of 56peace-keeping operations in all their aspects

2224 (XXI). The Korean question

2248 (S-V). Question of South West Africa

67

85

36

19

2249 (S-V). Comprehensive review of the whole question of 90peace-keeping operations in all their aspects

2269 (XXII). The Korean question 68 23

2308 (XXII). Comprehensive review of the whole question of 96peace-keeping operations in all their aspects

2451 (XXIII). Comprehensive review of the whole question of 101peace-keeping operations in all their aspects

59 Requesting the President of the General Assembly immediately to set up a preparatory committee, widely rep-resentative of the non-nuclear-weapon States, to make appropriate arrangements for convening the Confer-ence of Non-Nuclear-Weapon Powers, and to consider the question of the association of nuclear States withthe work of the Conference, and report thereon to the General Assembly at its twenty-second session (para.2).d

25 Requesting the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations to continue the review of the whole questionof peace-keeping operations and to report to the General Assembly at its fifth special session (para. 2).

32 Requesting the United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea to intensify its ef-forts to achieve these objectives and to continue to carry out the tasks previously assigned to it by the Gen-eral Assembly (para. 3).

30 Deciding to establish a United Nations Council for South West Africa . . . comprising eleven Member Statesto be elected during the present session and to entrust to it the following powers and functions, to be dis-charged in the territory: (a) to administer South West Africa until independence, with the maximum possibleparticipation of the people of the Territory; (b) to promulgate such laws, decrees and administrative regula-tions as are necessary for the administration of the Territory until a legislative assembly is established fol-lowing elections conducted on the basis of universal adult suffrage; (c) to take as an immediate task all thenecessary measures, in consultation with the people of the Territory, for the establishment of a constituentassembly to draw up a constitution on the basis of which elections will be held for the establishment of alegislative assembly and a responsible government; (d) to take all the necessary measures for the mainte-nance of law and order in the Territory; (e) to transfer all powers to the people of the Territory upon thedeclaration of independence (para. l).e

JN _ ,

11 Requesting the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations to continue the review of'the whole questionof peace-keeping operations in all its aspects and to study the various suggestions made during the SpecialCommittee's recent session, in particular those relating to: (a) methods of financing future peace-keepingoperations in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and (b) facilities, services and personnelwhich Member States might voluntarily provide, in accordance with the Charter, for United Nations peace-keeping operations (para. 2).

26 Requesting the United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea to intensify its ef-forts to achieve these objectives and to continue to carry out the tasks^previously assigned to it by the Gen-eral Assembly (para. 3). w

5 Requesting the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations to continue the work assigned to it by theGeneral Assembly in paragraph 2 of resolution 2249 (S-V) (para. 2); considering that the preparation of astudy on matters related to facilities, services and personnel which Member States might provide, in accor-dance with the Charter of the United Nations, for United Nations peace-keeping operations would be appro-priate (para. 3); further requesting the Special Committee to prepare by 1 July 1968, for the twenty-thirdsession of the General Assembly its report on the progress made including the study referred to in the pre-ceding paragraph (para. 4); transmitting to the Special Committee the records of the debates on this itemwith the request that the suggestions and proposals contained therein be taken into account (para. 5).

3 Requesting the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations to continue its work under General Assemblyresolution 2308 (XXII), (para. 1 ); reiterating its request to the Special Committee to keep the General As-sembly regularly informed about its progress in the comprehensive review of peace-keeping operations in alltheir aspects (para. 2); further requesting the Special Committee to submit to the General Assembly not laterthan at its twenty-fourth session, a comprehensive report on the United Nations military observers estab-lished or authorized by the Security Council for observation purposes pursuant to Council resolutions, aswell as a progress report on such work as the Special Committee may be able to undertake on any othermodels of peace-keeping operations (para. 3); transmitting to the Special Committee the records of the de-bates on this item, with the request that the suggestions and proposals contained therein be taken into ac-count (para. 4).

3. PROVISIONS BEARING UPON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SUBSIDIARY ORGANS OR THEIR FUNCTIONS (continued)

Number and title of resolution For Against Abstentions Précis of the provisions'

2466 (XXIII). The Korean question 71 25

2516 (XXIV). The Korean question 70 26

2576 (XXIV). Comprehensive review of the whole question of 109peace-keeping operations in all their aspects

20 Requesting the United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea to pursue its ef-forts to achieve the objectives of the United Nations in Korea, to continue to carry out the tasks previouslyassigned to it by the General Assembly and to keep members of the Assembly informed on the situation inthe area and on the results of these efforts through regular reports submitted to the Secretary-General and tothe Assembly as appropriate, the first report to be submitted to the Secretary-General no later than fourmonths after the adoption of the present resolution (para. 5).

21 Requesting the United Nations Commission for the Unification and Reahabilitation of Korea to pursue its ef-forts to achieve the objectives of the United Nations in Korea, to continue to carry out the tasks previouslyassigned to it by the General Assembly and to keep members of the Assembly informed on the situation inthe area and on the results of these efforts through regular reports submitted to the Secretary-General, and tothe General Assembly as appropriate (para. 5).

1 Requesting the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations to continue its work and to submit to the Gen-eral Assembly at its twenty-fifth session a comprehensive report on the United Nations military observersestablished or authorized by the Security Council for observation purposes pursuant to Council resolutions,as well as a progress report on such work as the Special Committee may be able to undertake on any othermodels of peace-keeping operations (para. 2); transmitting to the Special Committee the records of the de-bates on this item with the request that the suggestions and proposals contained therein be taken into account(para. 3).

a Paragraph references are to operative paragraphs.bThe decisions taken respectively at the 1635th plenary meeting on 16 December 1967 and

the 1830th plenary meeting on 12 December 1969 of the General Assembly are included in theofficial records as "Other decisions" and not as numbered resolutions.

c The draft decisions were adopted without objection and without a vote.d In pursuance of this provision, the President of the General Assembly designated the fol-

lowing members of the Preparatory Committee for the Conference of Non-Nuclear-WeaponStates: Chile, Dahomey, Kenya, Kuwait, Malaysia, Malta, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Spain andUnited Republic of Tanzania.

e In pursuance of this provision, the President of the General Assembly "designated the fol-lowing Member States to compose the United Nations Council for South West Africa: Chile,Colombia, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Turkey, United Arab Republic, Yugo-slavia and Zambia.

4. PROVISIONS REQUESTING ACTION BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Number and title of resolution For Against Abstentions Précis of the provisions*

2153B (XXI). Non-Proliferation of nuclear weapons 48 59 Requesting the President of the General Assembly immediately to set up a preparatory committee (for the Con-ference of Non-Nuclear-Weapon States) . . . [In pursuance of this decision, the President designated a Pre-paratory Committee composed of eleven Member States] (para. 2 of resolution B and two added informativeparagraphs).

**5. PROVISIONS BEARING UPON THE FUTURE DISCHARGE OF RESPONSIBILITIES CONCERNING THE MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONALPEACE AND SECURITY

**6. OTHER PROVISIONS BEARING UPON THE MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY

ANNEX III

Tabulation of the decisions of the General Assembly with respect to disarmament and the regulation of armaments

Vote

Agenda item Proposal Meeting and date Against Abstentions Result of vote

TWENTY-FIRST SESSION

Renunciation by States of actions hamperingthe conclusion of an agreement on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons

Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons

Resolution A

Resolution B

Question of general and complete disarmament

Resolution A

Resolution B

Resolution C

Urgent need for suspension of nuclear andthermonuclear tests

Question of convening a conference for the pur-pose of signing a convention on the prohibi-tion of the use of nuclear and thermonuclearweapons

Elimination of foreign military bases in thecountries of Asia. Africa and Latin America

Treaty on principles governing the activities ofStates in the exploration and use of outerspace, including the moon and other celestialbodies

Draft resolution recormiènded by the First Comi-mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 97, p.2, A/64%, para. 7)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-"mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 26, p.2, A/6509, para. 5)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 26, p.3, A/6509, para. 9)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 27, p.6, A/6529, para. 22)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 27, p. 6, A/6529, para. 22)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 27, p.6, A/6529, para. 22)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 28, p.I, A/6530, para. 4)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 29, p.I, A/6532, para. 5)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 98, p.2, A/6541, para. 12)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 30, 89 and 91,p.26, A/6621, para. 19)

1458th, 4 Nov. 1966

1469th, 17 Nov. 1966

1469th, 17 Nov. 1966

1484th, 5 Dec. 1966

1484th, 5 Dec. 1966

1484th, 5 Dec. 1966

1484th, 5 Dec. 1966

1484th, 5 Dec. 1966

1484th, 5 Dec. 1966

1499th, 19 Dec. 1966

110

97

48

91

98

100

80

94

Unanimity

Unanimity

Resolution 2149 (XXI)

Resolution 2 153 A (XXI)

59 Resolution 2153B (XXI)

Resolution 2 162 A (XXI)

Resolution 2162B (XXI)

Resolution 2162C (XXI)

Resolution 2163 (XXI)

23 Resolution 2164 (XXI)

10 Resolution 2165 (XXI)

Resolution 2222 (XXI)

ANNEX III (continued)Tabulation of the decisions of the General Assembly with respect to disarmament and the regulation of armaments (continued)

Agenda item Proposal Meeting and date For Against Abstentions Result of vote

Treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons inLatin America

Conclusion of a convention on the prohibitionof the use of nuclear weapons

Question of general and complete disarmament

Resolution A

Resolution B

Urgent need for suspension of nuclear andthermonuclear tests

Elimination of foreign military bases in thecountries of Asia, Africa and Latin America

Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons

Resolution A

Resolution B

Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclearweapons

Effects of atomic radiation

Conversion to peaceful needs of the resourcesreleased by disarmament

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXI), Annexes, a.i. 91, p. 11, A/6921, paras. 5 and 6

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXII), Annexes, a.i. 96, p.2, A/6945, paras. 4-5)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXII), Annexes, a.i. 29, pp. 2-4,A/7017, para. 5)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXII), Annexes, a.i. 29, pp. 2 and3, A/7017, para. 4)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXII), Annexes, a.i. 30, pp. 4 and5, A/7021, para. 4)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXII), Annexes, a.i. 31, p.5, A/7022, para. 4)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXII), Annexes, a.i. 28, p.2, A/7016, para. 4)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXII), Annexes, a.i. 28, pp. 2 and3, A/7016, para. 5)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXII), Annexes, a.i. 28, pp. 8-10,A/7016/Add. l.para. 7)

TWENTY-SECOND SESSION

1620th, 5 Dec. 1967

1623rd, 8 Dec. 1967

l%640th, 19 Dec. 1967

1640th, 19 Dec. 1967

1640th, 19 Dec. 1967

1640th, 19 Dec. 1967

1640th, 19 Dec. 1967

1640th, 19 Dec. 1967

1672nd, 12 June 1968

Draft resolution recommended by the Special Polit-ical Committee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 30,pp. 2 and 3, A/7296, para. 3) v

Draft resolution recommended by the Second Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 40, p. 2, A/7325, para. 11)

TWENTY-THIRD SESSION

1709th, 1 Nov. 1968

82

77

113

113

103

105

112

110

95

Unanimity

1723rd, 19 Nov. 1968 94

28 Resolution 2286 (XXII)

29 Resolution 2289 (XXII)

1 Resolution 2342A (XXII)

3 Resolution 2342B (XXII)

7 Resolution 2343 (XXII)

13 Resolution 2344 (XXII)

4 Resolution 2346A (XXII)

8 Resolution 2346B (XXII)

21 Resolution 2373 (XXII)

Resolution 2382 (XXIII)

15 Resolution 2387 (XXIII)

Question of genera] and complete disarmament

Resolution A

Resolution B

Urgent need for suspension of nuclear andthermonuclear tests

Conference of Non-Nuclear Weapon States

Resolution A

Resolution B

Resolution C

Resolution D

Effects of atomic radiation

Resolution A

Resolution B

Resolution C

Resolution D

Celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary ofthe United Nations

Resolution A

A day for peace

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 27, p. 10, A/7441, para. 8)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee, (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 27, p. 11, A/7441, para. 5)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 28, A/7442,para. 5)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 96, p. 15, A/7445, para. 7(e)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 96, p. 18, A/7445, para. 7(0

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 96, p. 18, A/7445, para. 7(g)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 96, pp. 18and 19, A/7445, para. 7(h)

1750th, 20 Dec. 1968

1750th, 20 Dec. 1968

1750th, 20 Dec. 1968

1750th, 20 Dec. 1968

1750th, 20 Dec. 1968

1750th, 20 Dec. 1968

1750th, 20 Dec. 1968

TWENTY-FOURTH SESSION

Draft resolution recommended by the Special Polit-ical Committee (G A (XXIV), Annexes, a.i. 33,pp. 1 and 2, A/7122, para. 3

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 26, pp. 11and 12, A/7477, para. 29)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 26, p. 12, A/7477, para. 29)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 26, p. 12, A/7477, para. 29)

Draft resolution recommended by the First Com-mittee (G A (XXIII), Annexes, a.i. 26, pp. 12and 13, A/7477, para. 29)

Draft resolution submitted to the Plenary Meeting(G A (XXIV). Annexes, a.i. 25. pp 11 and 12.A/L.57I and Rev.I. and Add.I . and A/L.573)

Draft resolution recommended by the Second Com-mittee (G A (XXIV), Annexes, a.i. 42, p.2, A/7812, para. 9)

1791st, 28 Oct. 1969

1752nd, 21 Dec. 1968

1752nd, 21 Dec. 1968

1752nd, 21 Dec. 1968

1752nd, 21 Dec. 1968

1797th, 31 Oct. 1969

1823rd, 5 Dec. 1969

107

109

109

103

98

75

108

112

85

93

92

Unanimity

Unanimity

Unanimity

Resolution 2454A (XXIII)

Resolution 2454B (XXIII)

Resolution 2455 (XXIII)

Resolution 2456A (XXIII)

16 Resolution 2456B (XXIII)

30 Resolution 2456C (XXIII)

Resolution 2456D (XXIII)

Resolution 2496 (XXIV)

Resolution 2467A (XX11I)

Resolution 2467B (XXIII)

25 Resolution 2467C (XXIII)

Resolution 2467D (XXIII)

1 Resolution 2499A (XXIV)

Resolution 2526 (XXIV)

144 Chapter IV. The General Assembly

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