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APPENDIX A: SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Selective transport and retention of organic matter and bacteria shapes
initial pedogenesis in artificial soil - A two-layer column study
KATHARINA LEHMANNa*, SABINE SCHAEFERa, DOREEN BABINb, JOHN MAXIMILIAN KÖHNEc, STEFFEN
SCHLÜTER c, KORNELIA SMALLAb, HANS-JÖRG VOGEL c, AND KAI UWE TOTSCHEa
a Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Department of Hydrogeology, Burgweg 11, D-
07749 Jena, Germany
b Julius Kühn-Institut -Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and
Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
c Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Halle, Department of Soil System Sciences, Theodor-
Lieser-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany
E-mail addresses:
a: [email protected], [email protected]
b: [email protected], [email protected]
c: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
*Corresponding Author:
Katharina Lehmann, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Geosciences, Department of
Hydrogeology, Burgweg 11, D-07749 Jena, Germany
E-Mail address: [email protected]
Tables: Supplementary data
Table S1. Flow scheme separated into the single flow phases and flow interruptions (FI)
including cumulated time intervals, mean cumulative pore volume (PV), mean effective pore
water velocity, and the mean water content.
PhasesCum. time
intervalMean
cum. PV
Mean effective pore water
velocityMean water
content[d] [-] [cm min-]1 [-]
flow phase 1 3.4 1.1 0.003 0.47FI-1 10.2flow phase 2 15.3 1.9 0.002 0.48FI-2 32.2flow phase 3 48.2 3.6 0.002 0.40FI-3 65.1flow phase 4 75.2 4.5 0.001 0.39
Table S2. Calculation of the bacterial contribution to TOC in selected effluent fractions (mean and standard deviation of the four replicate columns)
and at the solid phase (mean and standard-deviation of column C1 and C2, each four quadrants per layer) after the transport experiment according to
Dibbern et al. (2014). Same assumptions as in Dibbern et al. (2014) have been applied for the weighted mean of families (2.96 copies of 16S rRNA
genes per cell) and the amount of 26.27 fg carbon per cell for the calculation of the bacterial biomass carbon.
samples mean cum. pore volumes
16s rRNA gene abundance Bacterial cell numbers Bacterial biomass
carbon Mean TOCBacterial
contribution to TOC
qPCR Copies / copies per cell Cell number x 26.27 fg carbon cell-1
[-] [copies u-1] [cell u-1] [µg C u-1] [µg u-1] [%]
Effluent Fract. 1 0.1 7.96 x 102 ± 1.98 x 102 2.69 x 102 ± 6.68 x 101 7.07 x 10-6 ±1.76 x 10-6 6.04 ± 1.78 1.27 x 10-4 ±
6.65 x 10-5
[u = ml] Fract. 10 0.9 1.02 x 108 ± 4.02 x 107 3.43 x 107 ± 1.36 x 107 0.90 ± 0.36 389.18 ± 118.02 0.26 ± 0.18
Fract. 22*FI-1 1.2 1.68 x 108 ± 3.75 x 107 5.66 x 107 ± 1.27 x 107 1.49 ± 0.33 242.01 ± 43.75 0.63 ± 0.20
Fract. 42 *FI-2 1.9 2.99 x 108 ± 2.39 x 108 1.01 x 108 ± 8.07 x 107 2.65 ± 2.12 91.95 ± 6.82 2.87 ± 2.37
Fract. 53-54 2.3 1.52 x 108 ± 1.16 x 108 5.13 x 107 ± 3.93 x 107 1.35 ± 1.13 65.57 ± 6.92 2.02 ± 1.52Fract. 101-106* FI-3 3.7 4.27 x 107 ± 1.60 x 107 1.44 x 107 ± 5.41 x 106 0.38 ± 0.14 53.01 ± 15.88 0.70 ± 0.07
Fract. 114-118 4.0 4.25 x 107 ± 4.97 x 107 1.44 x 107 ± 1.68 x 107 0.38 ± 0.44 36.18 ± 9.09 0.90 ± 0.82Solid phase SL 1.78 x 1010 ± 4.71 x 109 6.02 x 109 ± 1.59 x 109 158.05 ± 41.79 11.56 ± 0.13 1.37 ± 0.37
[u = g] IL 1.02 x 1010 ± 3.13 x 109 3.44 x 109 ± 1.06 x 109 90.29 ± 27.77 8.28 ± 1.02 1.12± 0.39
RL 5.32 x 107 ± 5.92 x 107 1.80 x 107 ± 2.00 x 107 0.47 ± 0.53 b.d.l.a -* first effluent fraction after a flow interruptiona b.d.l. below detection limit
Figures: Supplementary data
Fig. S1. Cumulative pore size distribution (column: C1, C2) of the SL (a) and the RL (b)
before and after the transport experiment. Only pores > 228 µm were considered. The total
porosity was 0.47.
Figure S2. SEM images of a) the RL mineral mixture with quartz minerals surrounded by
illite and goethite before the transport column experiments, and b) of more chaotic mineral
structures at the end of the experiment. SEM images of c) microbial structures (highlighted in
orange) in the SL at the beginning and d) a single cell in RL1 after the transport experiment.
Fig. S3. Course of pH (a). the electric conductivity and chloride(Cl) (b), sulfate (c),
phosphate (d), turbidity and total iron (e), hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential (f) in the
effluent of all columns (n=4). Markers: mean values of the four replicate columns. Error bars:
standard deviation. Vertical lines: indicate the flow interruptions (FI). The durations of FIs are
shown on top of the figures. Horizontal lines: represent the background concentrations of
artificial rain water (ARW) or manure (estimated from batch experiment).
Fig. S4. DGGE-fingerprint based on 16S rRNA gene amplicons of total bacterial
communities in selected effluent fractions of all 4 replicate columns. White arrow: marks
band observable in all effluent fractions of all columns. Patterned arrow: marks shift in the
bacterial community structure over time. Frct: fraction. Marker *: fractions after FI. FI-(1-3):
flow interruption. AS-SL-start: artificial SL mixture shortly after mixing with microbial
inoculum. AS-SL-incub: AS SL mixture incubated for 3 days used for packing of columns.
BS: bacterial standard.
