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Supplementary data
Feedwater pH affects phosphorus transformation during hydrothermal
carbonization of sewage sludge
Tao Wanga,b, Yunbo Zhaia,b,* , Yun Zhuc,d, Chuan Penga,b, Tengfei Wanga,b, Bibo
Xua,b,Caiting Lia,b, Guangming Zenga,b
aCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha
410082, P. R. China
bKey Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan
University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
cShenzhenInstitutes of Hunan University, Shenzhen518000, P. R. China
dOffice of Scientific R& D, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
Supplementary Figures. S1-S2.
Fig.S1 SEM images and energy spectrum of (a) dried SS and (b) resulting hydrochar
of 260-7.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
85-0798 Quartz 79-1570 Kaolinite① ② 72-1503 Muscovite 84-0853 Aluminum phosphate③ ④
④②③
①④①
③③②②② ①
①
①
Inte
nsity
Two-Theta (deg)
①
sewage sludge
(a)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
500
1000
1500
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2500
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3500
4000
4500
5000
85-0798 Quartz 79-1570 Kaolinite① ②
72-1503 Muscovite 84-0853 Aluminium Phosphate③ ④
09-0345 Calcium Phosphate 45-0339 Sodium Calcium Phosphate⑤ ⑥
200-11
200-9
200-7
200-5
①⑤ ⑤
⑥ ⑥
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Inte
nsity
Two-Theta (deg)
200-3
(b)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
⑤
⑤
85-0798 Quartz 79-1570 Kaolinite① ②
72-1503 Muscovite 84-0853 Aluminium phosphate③ ④
09-0345 Calcium Phosphate ⑤
⑤
⑤
⑤
④
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④
④
④
④
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Inte
nsity
Two-Theta (deg)
230-3
230-11
230-9
230-7
230-5
(c)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
85-0798 Quartz 05-0143 Kaolinite① ②
72-1503 Muscovite 72-1084 Aluminium phosphate③ ④
29-0283 Gatumbaite 41-0489 Calcium phosphate⑤ ⑥
⑤
⑤
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①
Inte
nsity
Two-Theta(deg)
① 260-11
260-9
260-7
260-5
260-3
(d)
Fig.S2 XRD patterns of (a) sewage sludge and resulting hydrochars after HTC with
different feedwater pH (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11) at (b) 200C, (c) 230C and (d) 260C.