Supplementary Material
In-Situ Construction of Lithiphilic Interphase in Vertical
Micro-Channels of 3D Copper Current Collector for High Performance
Lithium-Metal Batteries
Junru Wanga, Mengmeng Wanga, Fang Chena, Yixuan Lia, Liming
Zhanga, Yu Zhaob and Chunhua Chena,*
a CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversions,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Collaborative
Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
b China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900,
China
*Corresponding author: [email protected] (C.-H. Chen)
Fig. S1. Schematic illustrate of the preparation of Cu(PI) and
Cu(PI)@Sb.
Fig. S2 The digital images: chemical planting reaction (a),
Cu(f) (b), Cu(PI) (c) and Cu(PI)@Sb (d).
Fig. S3. (a) The surface SEM image of Cu(f). (b) Cross-sectional
view of the Cu(f) with flexural pore structure.
Fig. S4. (a) The magnification cross-sectional view of Cu(PI)@Sb
surface. (b, c) The EDS results of the same zone of (a).
Fig. S5. The pore size distribution of Cu(f) (a) and Cu(PI)@Sb
(b).
Fig. S6. N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms of Cu(PI)@Sb and
Cu(f).
Fig. S7. Ex-situ surface SEM images of Cu(f) (a-c), Cu(PI) (d-f)
and Cu(PI)@Sb (g-i): after 1st plating 15 mAh cm-2 (a, d, g), after
1st stripping 12 mAh cm-2 (b, e, h) and after 10th plating 12 mAh
cm-2 (c, f, i).
Fig. S8. (a) CV curve at 0.1 mV/s and (b) voltage-time profile
during initial activation process of Li//LixCu(PI)@Sb. The
batteries were first cycled between 0-0.5 V (vs. Li+/Li) at 50 μA
for five cycles to form a SEI layer or a lithiophilic
interphase.
Fig. S9. Ex-situ XRD patterns of Cu(PI)@Sb discharge to 0.05 V
and charge to 0.5 V.
Fig. S10. Ex-situ SEM images of Cu(PI) (a-f) and Cu(PI)@Sb
(g-l): after plating 3 mAh cm-2 (a,d,g,j), after plating 6 mAh cm-2
(b,e,h,k) and after plating 9 mAh cm-2 (c,f,i,l) at 1 mA cm-2.
Fig. S11. The detailed voltage profiles of symmetrical cells in
different cycles.
Fig. S12. Nyquist plots of symmetric cells before cycling (a)
and after 50 cycles (b).
Fig. S13. SEM images of LFP(PI) cathode :(a) Cross-sectional
view (b) surface SEM image. (c) magnification of cross-sectional
SEM image.
Fig. S14. (a) SEM images of LixCu(PI)@Sb anode after cycling and
(b) the magnification of the selected area.
Table S1. Composition of CuO and Graphite slurries for phase
inversion tape casting.
composition
CuO slurry
[wt%]
Graphite slurry
[wt%]
CuO
65
0
Graphite
0
60
PES
4.83
5.52
PVP
1.21
1.38
NMP
28.96
33.1
Table S2. Composition of LFP slurries for phase inversion tape
casting.
composition
LFP slurry
[wt%]
LFP
37.43
CB
4.68
CNF
2.34
PVDF-HFP
4.94
PVP
1.23
NMP
49.38
Table S3. Comparison with other metal-based Li metal anode from
recent literature.
Electrodes
Areal capacity
(mAh cm-2)
Current density
(mA cm-2)
Reference
electrodeposited Cu film
4
8
S1
3D Cu skeleton
5
1
S2
Cu pillar arrays with ALD ZnO
2
2
S3
ZnO nanorod arrays@Cu foil
3
3
S4
Ni3N decorated nickel foam
3
5
S5
laser-induced grapheme on copper foil
1
10
S6
Cu(PI)@Sb
12
12
This work
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