Armenia Basic Data

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Armenia: Basic IndicatorsArmeniaMap Location

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Armenia: Basic IndicatorsFrom Wikipedia

Republic of Armenia is a landlocked mountainous country in the South Caucasus region ofEurasia. Located atthe crossroads ofWestern Asia and Eastern Europe,[10]it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to thenorth, the de factoindependent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic andAzerbaijan to the east, and Iran and theAzerbaijani exclave ofNakhchivan to the south. A former republic of theSoviet Union, Armenia is aunitary,multiparty, democraticnation-state with an ancient and historiccultural heritage. The country is an emergingdemocracy, and is currently in a negotiation process with the European Union, of which it may become an

Associate Member in the near future and has the right to be a EU member provided it meets necessarystandards and criteria. The Government of Armenia holds European integration as a key priority in its foreignpolicy as it is considered a European country by the European Union.

TopographyArmenia's topography is mountainous and volcanic. The Republic of Armenia, covering an area of 29,743square kilometres (11,484 sq mi), is located in the north-east of theArmenian Highland. The terrain is mostlymountainous, with fast flowing rivers and few forests. The climate is highland continental, which means that thecountry is subjected to hot summers and cold winters. The land rises to 4,090 metres (13,419 ft) above sea-levelat Mount Aragats, and no point is below 390 metres (1,280 ft) above sea level.

Mount Ararat, which was historically part of Armenia, is the highest mountain in the region. Now located in

Turkey, but clearly visible in Armenia, it is regarded by the Armenians as a symbol of their land. Because of this,the mountain is present on theArmenian national emblem today.

EnvironmentArmenia has established a Ministry of Nature Protection and introduced taxes for air and water pollution andsolid waste disposal, whose revenues are used forenvironmental protection activities. Waste management inArmenia is underdeveloped as no waste sorting or recycling takes place at Armenia's 60 landfills.Despite the availability of abundant renewable energy sources in Armenia (especially hydroelectric and windpower) the Armenian Government is working toward building a new Nuclear Power Plant at Medzamor nearYerevan.ClimateThe climate in Armenia is markedly continental. Summers are dry and sunny, lasting from June to mid-September. The temperature fluctuates between 22 and 36 C (72 and 97 F). However, the low humidity level

mitigates the effect of high temperatures. Evening breezes blowing down the mountains provide a welcomerefreshing and cooling effect. Springs are short, while falls are long. Autumns are known for their vibrant andcolorful foliage. Winters are quite cold with plenty of snow, with temperatures ranging between -10 and -5 C(14 and 23 F). Winter sports enthusiasts enjoy skiing down the hills ofTsakhkadzor, located thirty minutesoutside Yerevan. Lake Sevan, nestled up in the Armenian highlands, is the second largest lake in the worldrelative to its altitude, at 1,900 metres (6,234 ft) above sea level.Foreign relationsArmenia presently maintains good relations with almost every country in the world, with two major exceptionsbeing its immediate neighbours, Turkey and Azerbaijan. Tensions were running high between Armenians andAzerbaijanis during the final years of the Soviet Union. The Nagorno-Karabakh Wardominated the region'spolitics throughout the 1990s.[63] The border between the two rival countries remains closed up to this day, and apermanent solution for the conflict has not been reached despite the mediation provided by organisations suchas the OSCE.

Armenia is a member of more than 40 international organisations, including the United Nations, the Council ofEurope, the Asian Development Bank, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the World TradeOrganization, World Customs Organization, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, and LaFrancophonie. It is a member of the CSTO military alliance, and also participates in NATO's Partnership forPeace (PfP) programme.

Turkey also has a long history of poor relations with Armenia over its refusal to acknowledge theArmenianGenocide. Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize the Republic of Armenia (the 3rd republic) after itsindependence from the USSR in 1991. Despite this, for most of the 20th century and early 21st century,relations remain tense and there are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries due to Turkey'srefusal to establish them for numerous reasons. During the Karabakh conflict and bringing it as the reason,Turkey closed its land border with Armenia in 1993. It has not lifted its blockade despite pressure from the

powerful Turkish business lobby interested in Armenian markets.[63] Since 2005, however, the Armenian airlinecompany Armavia regularly flies between the Zvartnots International Airport ofYerevan andAtatrk InternationalAirport ofIstanbul.

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Armenia: Basic IndicatorsOn 10 October 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on normalisation of relationships, which set atimetable for restoring diplomatic ties and reopening their joint border.[64] The ratification of those had to be madein the national parliaments. In Armenia it passed through the required by legislation approval of theConstitutional Court and was sent to the parliament for the final ratification. The President had made multiplepublic announcements, both in Armenia and abroad, that as the leader of the political majority of Armenia heassured the ratification of the protocols if Turkey also ratified them. Despite this, the process stopped, as Turkeycontinuously added more preconditions to its ratification and also "delayed it beyond any reasonable time-period".

Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. At therequest of the Armenian government, Russia maintains a military base in the north-western Armenian city ofGyumri[65] as a deterrent against Turkey. Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward Euro-Atlanticstructures in recent years. It maintains good relations with the United States especially through itsArmeniandiaspora. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, there are 427,822 Armenians living in the country.[66]

Because of the blockades by Azerbaijan and Turkey, Armenia continues to maintain solid relations with itssouthern neighbor Iran especially in the economic sector. Economic projects such a gas pipeline going from Iranto Armenia are in time being developed.

Armenia is also a member of the Council of Europe, maintaining friendly relations with the European Union,especially with its member states such as France and Greece. A 2005 survey reported that 64% of Armenia's

population would be in favor of joining the EU.[67] Several Armenian officials have also expressed the desire fortheir country to eventually become an EU member state,[68]some predicting that it will make an official bid formembership in a few years. In 2004 its forces joined KFOR, a NATO-led international force in Kosovo. It is alsoan observer member of the Eurasian Economic Community and the Non-Aligned Movement.

Capital(and largest city)

Yerevan

Official language(s) Armenian

Ethnic groups 97.9%Armenian,1.3% Yazidis ,0.5% Russian,0.3% others

Government Presidential republic- President Serzh Sargsyan

- Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan

Formation and independence

- Democratic Republic of Armenia established28 May 1918

- Independencefrom the Soviet UnionDeclaredRecognisedFinalised

23 August 199021 September 199125 December 1991

Area

- Total 29,743 km2- Water (%) 4.71

Population

- 2010 estimate 3,262,200

- Density 108.4/km2

GDP (PPP) 2010 estimate

- Total $16.858 billion[7]

- Per capita $5,110[7]

GDP (nominal) 2010 estimate

- Total $9.389 billion[7]

- Per capita $2,846[7]

Gini (2006) 37[8] (medium)HDI (2010) 0.695[9] (high) (76th)

Currency Dram ( .) (AMD)

Time zone UTC ( UTC+4)

Drives on the Right

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Armenia: Basic IndicatorsISO 3166 code AM

Internet TLD .am

Calling code 374

The Country is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts.

Province Capital Area Population

Aragatsotn Ashtarak 2,753 km 126,278Ararat Artashat 2,096 km 252,665

Armavir Armavir 1,242 km 255,861

Gegharkunik Gavar 5,348 km 215,371

Kotayk Hrazdan 2,089 km 241,337

Lori Vanadzor 3,789 km 253,351

Shirak Gyumri 2,681 km 257,242

Syunik Kapan 4,506 km 134,061

Tavush Ijevan 2,704 km 121,963

Vayots Dzor Yeghegnadzor 2,308 km 53,230

Yerevan 227 km 1,091,235

Economy

A vibrant Yerevan at dusk

According to Forbes magazine Armenia had the second worst economy in the world in 2011.

Armenia, whose economy shrank by 15% in 2009 as an expatriate-financed construction boom fizzled alongwith the world economy. With a mediocre growth forecast for the next few years, this landlocked former Sovietrepublic, dependent upon Russia and Iran for virtually all of its energy supplies, is struggling to keep up with therest of the world. Per-capita GDP of $3,000 is less than a third of neighboring Turkey, and inflation is running at7%. On top of that, Russia cut back on supplies of diamonds, hurting Armenias once-thriving diamond-processing industry.

The economy relies heavily on investment and support from Armenians abroad.[76]Before independence,Armenia's economy was largely industry-based chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food,syntheticrubber, and textile and highly dependent on outside resources. The republic had developed a modernindustrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and othermanufactured goods to sister republics inexchange for raw materials and energy.[36]

Agriculture accounted for less than 20% of both net material product and total employment before the dissolutionof the Soviet Union in 1991. After independence, the importance of agriculture in the economy increasedmarkedly, its share at the end of the 1990s rising to more than 30% of GDP and more than 40% of totalemployment.[77] This increase in the importance of agriculture was attributable to food security needs of thepopulation in the face of uncertainty during the first phases oftransition and the collapse of the non-agriculturalsectors of the economy in the early 1990s. As the economic situation stabilized and growth resumed, the share

of agriculture in GDP dropped to slightly over 20% (2006 data), although the share of agriculture in employmentremained more than 40%.[78]

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Armenia: Basic IndicatorsArmenian mines produce copper, zinc , gold, and lead. The vast majority of energy is produced with fuelimported from Russia, including gas and nuclear fuel (for its one nuclear power plant); the main domestic energysource is hydroelectric. Small deposits of coal, gas, and petroleum exist but have not yet been developed.

Like othernewly independent states of the former Soviet Union, Armenia's economy suffers from the legacy of acentrally planned economy and the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns. Soviet investment in andsupport of Armenian industry has virtually disappeared, so that few major enterprises are still able to function. Inaddition, the effects of the 1988 Spitak Earthquake, which killed more than 25,000 people and made 500,000

homeless, are still being felt. The conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh has not been resolved. Theclosure of Azerbaijani and Turkish borders has devastated the economy, because Armenia depends on outsidesupplies of energy and most raw materials. Land routes through Georgia and Iran are inadequate or unreliable.GDP fell nearly 60% between 1989 and 1993, but then resumed robust growth. [77]The national currency, thedram, suffered hyperinflation for the first years after its introduction in 1993.

Nevertheless, the government was able to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off in dramaticallylower inflation and steady growth. The 1994 cease-fire in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has also helped theeconomy. Armenia has had strong economic growth since 1995, building on the turnaround that began theprevious year, and inflation has been negligible for the past several years. New sectors, such as precious stoneprocessing and jewellery making, information and communication technology, and even tourism are beginning tosupplement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.

This steady economic progress has earned Armenia increasing support from international institutions. TheInternational Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD),and otherinternational financial institutions (IFIs) and foreign countries are extending considerable grants andloans. Loans to Armenia since 1993 exceed $1.1 billion. These loans are targeted at reducing the budget deficitand stabilizing the currency; developing private businesses; energy; agriculture; food processing; transportation;the health and education sectors; and ongoing rehabilitation in the earthquake zone. The government joined theWorld Trade Organization on 5 February 2003. But one of the main sources offoreign direct investmentsremains the Armenian diaspora, which finances major parts of the reconstruction of infrastructure and otherpublic projects. Being a growing democratic state, Armenia also hopes to get more financial aid from theWestern World.

A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997, as

well as a program of state property privatisation. Continued progress will depend on the ability of thegovernment to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improvingthe investment climate, and making strides against corruption. However, unemployment, which currently standsat around 15%, still remains a major problem due to the influx of thousands of refugees from the Karabakhconflict.

Armenia ranked 78th on the 2010 UNDPHuman Development Index, the lowest among the Transcaucasianrepublics.[79]In the 2007 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), Armenia ranked 99 of179 countries.[80] In the 2008 Index of Economic Freedom, Armenia ranked 28th, ahead of countries like Austria,France, Portugal and Italy.[56]

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Armenia: Basic Indicators

From UNICEF

Economic IndicatorsGNI per capita (US$), US$, 2010: 3090GNI per capita (US$), PPP US$, 2010: 5450GDP per capita average annual growth rate (%), 1970-1990: GDP per capita average annual growth rate (%), 1990-2010: 6.1Average annual rate of inflation (%), 1990-2010: 51% of population below international poverty line of US$1.25 per day, 2000-2009*: 1% of central government expenditure (2000-2009*) allocated to health: % of central government expenditure (2000-2009*) allocated to education: % of central government expenditure (2000-2009*) allocated to defence: ODA inflow in millions US$, 2009: 528ODA inflow as a % of recipient GNI, 2009: 6Debt service as a % of exports of goods and services, 1990: Debt service as a % of exports of goods and services, 2009: 18

Demographic IndicatorsPopulation (thousands), 2010, under 18: 774Population (thousands), 2010, under 5: 226Population annual growth rate (%), 1970-1990: 1.7Population annual growth rate (%), 1990-2010: -0.7Population annual growth rate (%), 2010-2030: 0Crude death rate, 1970: 5Crude death rate, 1990: 8Crude death rate, 2010: 9Crude birth rate, 1970: 23Crude birth rate, 1990: 21Crude birth rate, 2010: 15Life expectancy at birth, 1970: 70Life expectancy at birth, 1990: 68Life expectancy at birth, 2010: 74

Total fertility rate, 2010: 1.7% of population urbanized, 2010: 64Average annual growth rate of urban population (%), 1970-1990: 2.3Average annual growth rate of urban population (%), 1990-2010: -0.9Average annual growth rate of urban population (%), 2010-2030: 0.4

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Armenia: Basic IndicatorsFrom UNDP

Summary statistics

Region 2000 Western Asia

Currency 2009 Dram (AMD)

Surface area (square kilometres) 2008 29743

Population in 2009 (estimated, 000) 2009 3083

Population density in 2009 (per square kilometre) 2009 103.7Capital city and population in 2009 (000) 2009 Yerevan (1110)

United Nations membership date 2000 2 March 1992

Economic indicators

GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) 2009 8541



GDP: Growth rate at constant 1990 prices (annual %) 2009 14.2



GDP per capita (current US$) 2009 2770.4

GDP per capita (current US$) 2005 1598.9GDP per capita (current US$) 2000 621.5

GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) 2009 2679.7



Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 2009 32.7



Exchange rates (national currency per US$) 2009 377.89 Official rate.



Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2009 1369Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2005 52

Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2000 278

CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) 2009 142



Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 2009 170



Food production index (1999-2001=100) 2009 172



Unemployment (% of labour force) 2009 6.3Age group 16years and over.2008.

Unemployment (% of labour force) 2005 8.2Age group 16years and over.

Unemployment (% of labour force) 2000 11.7Age group 16years and over.

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 2009 15.6Officialestimates. 2006.

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 2005 15.9Official

estimates.

Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 2000 17.0Officialestimates. 2002.

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2009 46.2 Official

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Armenia: Basic Indicatorsestimates. 2006.

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2005 46.2Officialestimates.

Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2000 45.3Officialestimates. 2002.

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 2009 59.6Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 2005 58.6

Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 2000 57.2

Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 2009 74.6



Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2009 575



Energy production, primary (000 mt oil equivalent) 2009 366 2008.

Energy production, primary (000 mt oil equivalent) 2005 386

Energy production, primary (000 mt oil equivalent) 2000 281Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) 2009 105.4

Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) 2005 29.8

Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) 2000 17.9

Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2009 6.8



Exports (million US$) 2009 684.0

Imports (million US$) 2009 3174.6

Major trading partners (% of exports) 2009Germany (16.8), RussianFederation (15.6), UnitedStates (9.7)

Major trading partners (% of imports) 2009Russian Federation (24.8),China (9.0), Ukraine (6.4)

Social indicators

Population growth rate (average annual %) 2010-2015 0.3

Urban population growth rate (average annual %) 2010-2015 0.5

Rural population growth rate (average annual %) 2010-2015

Documents

Armenia Basic Data