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Integrated Strategic Research Agenda (ISRA)
ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon, Portugal
Bernard HUBERT
Strategic and Scientific Advisory Board (SSAB)
Agropolis International, France
1 ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016,
Lisbon
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Rationale
Food and Agriculture are major issues in the Mediterranean
Economies, in terms of : economics, employment, rural
development, natural resources management..
Climate change is dramatically impacting the agricultural and
food sector and most of the problems and challenges that
Mediterranean agriculture is facing are shared by all the
countries in the area. Some problems that are very accurate in
the Southern Mediterranean countries could become more
severe on the Northern side of the Med.
Climate change adaptation
Water scarcity
Links between the EU Mediterranean Countries and their
Mediterranean Partners are strong in terms of trade, economic
partnerships, human mobilities
Plant and animal health
Food safety
Agricultural trade
3
Mediterranean paradox
– Mediterranean basin concentrates almost all the key global challenges that agriculture is facing
– The region as a whole has no visibility at the scale of the global arena or world research initiatives
• Mediterranean issues are too often looked each side separately, while it needs to be considered and addressed jointly
• Problems are global and research systems to address them are local
• Agricultural Research Capacity in the Mediterranean is scattered and fragmented
4
Objectives
• To create a community of research for the whole region through
the coordination of national programmes in Agricultural
Research within the Mediterranean countries
• To address jointly the common key issues for Mediterranean
agriculture
• To better deliver what is expected by decision makers,
stakeholders and Mediterranean people, from Agricultural
research
To build a framework at the crossroad of thematic (as lead by
the JPI FACCE) and regional (the Mediterranean) issues, being
integrated within the aims of SCAR paradigm of the bioeconomy
under the fundamental constraint of sustainability.
The ISRA : a very specific plan for
promising goals
• To build a whole understanding of Mediterranean
as an entity within a global framework
• To give priority to what is linking northern,
southern and eastern banks
• To take advantage of this very specific tool of the
EU open to non EU/associated countries to build
a long lasting Mediterranean research community
in agriculture
• To convince the EC that there is a strong need to
further tools like art 185 (PRIMA)
5 ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
The ARIMNet2 ISRA Index Foreword
1. Introduction
– The Mediterranean Area
– Europe initiatives and the Mediterranean Area for collaborative research and innovation and
networking initiative
– Other initiatives and relevant studies related to the Mediterranean Area
2. ARIMNet2
– What is ARIMNet2?
– Scope of ARIMNet2
– Analysis of submitted proposals to first ARIMNet call 2014
– Scope of the ISRA of ARIMNet2
3. Challenges
– Population, societies
– Natural resources
– Plant Production Systems
– Animal Production Systems
– Value Chain Management
4. The ARIMNet2 Strategy for Mediterranean Area
– Agenda building process
– Priority thematic areas to face the challenges for the Mediterranean Area
– Instruments to implement strategy
5. ISRA in the context of the European and International Collaboration
– Contribution to the implementation of FACCE JPI Strategic Agenda
– Contribution to the Euro-Mediterranean Research Agenda
6. The ISRA Evaluation and Monitoring Framework 6
ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
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The Challenges
Population and societies
Natural resources
Plant production systems (perennial/annual)
Animal production systems
Value Chain management
The ARIMnet2 Strategy for Med Area
Priority thematic areas to face challenges for the
Med Area
Instruments to implement strategy
• The ISRA M&E framework
Two chapters to set the scene and prioritize
and one for assessment
ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
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Population and societies
A strong unbalanced demographic growth
A worrying increase in agricultural products
imports!
The challenges
ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
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Urban and Rural population of the two shores of the Mediterranean
Population increase and Poverty
% poor in total
population % poor in rural
populatio,
Algeria 12,1 14,7
Egypt 16,7 23,3
Gaza 32,0 55,0
Jordan 14,2 19,0
Morocco 14,2 22,0
Syria 11,4 14,8
Tunisia 4,1 8,3
Turkey 27,0 34,5
average 25,3 34,3
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Total agricultural exports and imports of SEMC in Billion US$
(source WTO Database, from Jacquet, 2015)
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Natural resources
A tremendous use of water resources!
The challenges
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Portugal Spain France Italy Greece Turkey Egypt Israël Syria Lebanon Tunisia Algeria Morocco
Share of water used in agriculture in total water consumption
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Water resources per inhabitant
Total internal renewable water resources per capita and per country in 1960 and in 2005
Countries
Threshold of 500 m3per inhab per year
7640
4840
2437 2363
1424 1240 948
707 413
61 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
3097
1326 1276 919
423 413 375 118 104 24
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
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20
Plant production systems
A great diversity of productions
… and production systems
But also of pests!
Some “global” specificities: olive trees!
A strong focus on cereals
The issue of post-harvest losses
The challenge of irrigation …and the need for
designing new rainfed cropping systems
The challenges
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ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon 21
Countries Production in 2013
(Quantity as mt)
Import in 2012
(Quantity as mt)
Algeria 3 299 049 6 347 232
Egypt 9 460 200 11 428 301
Libya 200 000 1 623 390
Morocco 265 000 4 093 618
Tunisia 975 300 1 632 489
Wheat production (2013) and import of southern Mediterranean countries
(Source: http://faostat3.fao.org/)
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Animal production systems
Livestock (Cattle, Small ruminants …)
A diversity of meat products with a specific
attention to light carcasses!
The role of rangeland and the importance of
pastoral systems …
Aquaculture
Fisheries (small scale vs industrial vs tourism!)
The challenges
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Cattle herds, sheep and goat breeding flocks (million of heads)
in Mediterranean countries in 2010 (GIRA Meat Club, USDA & FAO)
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Value Chain management
Population, food, lifestyles ad health
Developing food industries suited to local
conditions
Integrating smallholding into formal supply
chains
The challenges
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Population, food, lifestyles and health
The Nutritional Transition
EHESS 2-03-2016
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Preliminary conclusion: a nexus to be integrated
into a systemic framework
The challenges
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Natural resources
preservation
Poverty
Alleviation
FFoo
Food security
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By crossing:
The challenges nexus
The synthesis of existing foresights and
assessments (PETIT Michel and EL HADAD GAUTHIER Fatima, Review
of prospective studies for Mediterranean Agriculture, Implications for Agricultural
Research, Working Document ARIMNet2 Project, July 2014, 45 pages)
The 11 subtopics of the 1st ARIMnet2 Call
ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
The ARIMnet2 Strategy for Med Area
ARIMNet2 First call proposals
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NATURAL RESOURCES
PRESERVATION FOOD
SECURITY
POVERTY
ALLEVIATION/
EMPLOYMENT
1. Increase in resilience, rusticity and productivity of Mediterranean
agricultural production systems ++ +++ +
2. Improving input use management, at the level of the production
systems +++ ++
3. Common Mediterranean challenges in animal and plant health + +++
4. Sustainable Mediterranean aquaculture and fisheries + +++ ++
5. Innovation in agroindustry ++ +++
6. Logistics, supply chain organization, and transportation +++ ++
7. Food safety and food sanitary issues ++ +
8. Food consumption patterns: consumers’ behavior, quality of
products, diet and nutrition +++ ++
9. Agricultural and food policies ++ +++ ++
10. Sustainable management of water and other resources used by
agriculture +++ ++
11. Landscape and spatial management, competition with other land
uses, peri-urban and urban agriculture ++ + ++
32
Increasing the efficiency and sustainability of
production systems • Research is needed both to develop new products and production
systems for different farm types, family or commercial and to
assess the environmental, social and economic impact of these
newly developed products or technologies (at farm, regional,
national, global or ecosystem levels).
• In this respect, the extent at which animal and plant production
will be integrated and how this integration, will influence the
efficiency and sustainability of the agro-eco system is important.
• The role of agriculture on employment and poverty alleviation
directs research towards social aspects. Adoption of research
results and innovative approaches is rather slow, therefore new and
territory or target group specific extension methods are
required to fasten implementation.
The ARIMnet2 Strategy for Med Area (1)
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Importance of the pastoral livestock systems!
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The ARIMnet2 Strategy for Med Area (1)
Increasing the efficiency and sustainability of
production systems
• Examples of research questions
- Assess environmental social and economic sustainability at
different scales
- Develop new products by taking into account simultaneously the
farm level and the agroindustry perspective
- Design complementarities between crop and livestock at different
levels : from farming systems to the territories
36 ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
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Enhancing value chains - The collection, storage, transformation, processing of raw
agricultural and natural products and distribution of final products
to consumers. Developing new technologies and improving
supply chain organization is needed to boost rural economy
and to create new jobs.
- Furthermore urbanization and changes in consumption
habits and preferences lead to new challenges in terms of
access and availability of food for all, nutritional quality of food
and food safety issues, particularly for traditional retailing
systems.
-It is indeed critical to understand well the rapid evolution of
consumers’ food habit and the reasons of these changes. It is
also necessary to understand the processes leading to the
erosion of the Mediterranean diet in order to design public policies aiming at improving nutrition.
The ARIMnet2 Strategy for Med Area (2)
ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
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Developing food industries
suited to local conditions
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Cattle herds, sheep and goat breeding flocks (million of heads) in Mediterranean countries in 2010 (GIRA Meat Club, USDA & FAO)
Integrating smallholding
into formal supply chains
41
Enhancing value chains
Examples of research questions -The design of innovative food systems and food business models quality-
oriented and generating employment, notably in rural areas:
- by characterizing the relevant geographical areas for identifying local products
and enhancing the competitiveness of specific value chains based on it in order
to implement certification schemes highlighting Mediterranean specialty to
enhance regional products as a lever of territorial development;
- by improving on-farm storage, processing and hygiene and minimizing losses and
add value at farm level;
- The analysis of the whole logistics, supply chain organization and
transportation system in order to help the public and private actors involved
to improve its performance:
- the analysis of standards, logistical infrastructures, organizational forms, public
policies and innovations in the banking and credit system to promote the
integration of smallholdings and SMEs into modern distribution channels;
- The impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on employment, income,
international trade).
The ARIMnet2 Strategy for Med Area (2)
ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
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•Promoting a balanced territorial development -The growth of rural employment is critical to fight rural poverty.
- Research should support rural/urban synergies, investigate the
development of labor-intensive agricultural activities for small scale
agriculture in marginal areas, and the ways to enhance the development
of food industries suited to local conditions (local productions and traditional
know-how).
- To provide intellectual tools and approaches to take into account the
diversity of local development situations at the territorial level (diversity of
soils, slopes, wet areas, water circulation, fauna and flora, soil distribution), to
understand the role of the spatial organization (land and field patterns,
network of hedges, woods...) on the natural resources and the environment.
-The current dynamics in land uses produce new spatial patterns and
new relationships between urbanized areas, agricultural areas, hybrid
spaces between city and countryside, intensive and extensive
agricultural zones, pastoral areas and uncultivated zones. This has to be
analyzed in a perspective of landscape and land use regulations inside
the farm and by through spatial organization of farming systems.
The ARIMnet2 Strategy for Med Area (3)
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•Promoting a balanced territorial development
Examples of research questions -How to design labor intensive and profitable farming systems for small
scale agriculture in marginal areas?
-What are the technical, economic and environmental factors affecting
the compatibility of diverse agricultural models (industrial/small scale,
irrigated/rainfed, food/nonfood) in the same areas?
-How to enhance the development of small scale food industries that
can participate to the development of rural areas?
-How to design safe and intensive systems in urban and peri-urban
areas?
-How to improve ecological regulations inside the farm and by through
spatial organization of farming systems?
-How to improve the integration between agriculture, forests and urban
areas in coastal zones, and to find ways to manage this development
and the relationship between coastal areas and hinterlands?
The ARIMnet2 Strategy for Med Area (3)
ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
Instruments to implement strategy (1)
Instruments to capacity strengthening
• Yearly summer schools, 3-4 days, turning within the
countries (by thematic area and including field visits);
• Young researchers specific seminars (i.e. PhD < 5
years) to favor interactions and create a transnational
community of researchers sensitive to projects build in
partnership with stakeholders;
• A mobility program of exchange of researchers, PhD
students, post-docs, etc. to earn new competences or
use specific devices.
51 ARIMNet2 Governing Board Meeting, 15-16 March 2016, Lisbon
Instruments to implement strategy (2)
Instruments to develop shared equipments
• To develop specialized platforms (5-6 for the Region)
with outstanding infrastructure about several high level
technologies (genotyping, phenotyping, bioinformatics,
data mining, remote sensing ecc.) to carry on any
possible joint activities (i.e. collaborative projects, host
colleagues, organize courses)
• To create a network of greenhouses sharing compared
trials as well as shared experiments on several
pathologies in safe conditions;
• To carry out a virtual network of Common Data Bases
in order to monitor surveys along the region, share data
and improve their compatibility and reliability. 52
Instruments to implement strategy (3)
Instruments to enhance collaborative projects
• Launching thematic transnational calls every 1-2 years grounded
on the priorities highlighted by the ISRA document and with
enhancing criteria for a real wide cooperation, i.e. the best minimum
number of different countries involved to have a wide cooperation
basis and in the same time an efficient way to work;
• Supporting researcher groups from different countries of the region
aiming to submit a bid to an international call (European
Commission, GEF…) by small grants of seed money to help them
to meeting, writing, making literature review, designing original
proposals, etc.;
• Carrying out a PhD grant program for thesis in "co-tutelle" with
supervisors/tutors in two countries of the Region, linked to current
collaborative projects, in order to build a transnational community of
researchers. 53
The ISRA Monitoring and Evaluation • The M&E framework needs to identify ARIMNet2 main targets:
- improve the awareness of the MED Area issue related to agriculture;
- increase the societal impact on the challenges of MED Area in the
agricultural sector;
- stimulate the debate on MED Area issues (related to agriculture and
research in primary sector) at the European and EC level;
• It needs to combine:
- The short term:
Inform all the possible stakeholders about ISRA and ARIMNET2 scope.
Monitoring the results and effects of the first ARIMNET financed projects.
Closely monitoring all the ARIMNET2 joint actions.
- The medium-long term:
Promote Universities and other institutions offering post-graduate studies, also
to carry on thesis and works on the issues pointed out in the ISRA.
Evaluate national research and innovation programs in the Medit countries.
Monitoring the results and effects of the ARIMNET2 projects in order to
compare and evaluate the improvement since the first ARIMNET period.
Carry out surveys of published articles on topics prioritized for the Med
countries in ISRA during the implementation of ARIMNET projects.
Assess the integration of ARIMNet2 topics and result into policy making and
development projects
54
ARIMNet2 Governing
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Thanks for your attention!