Are you reading the works of a playwright, poet, or an author? PLAYWRIGHT – you write plays for others to perform. AUTHOR – you write stories for readers

Are you reading the works of a playwright, poet, or an author? PLAYWRIGHT you write plays for others to perform. AUTHOR you write stories for readers. POET you write poems

GENRE FICTION historical fiction, science fiction, fantasy, realistic fiction, mystery, thriller NONFICTION biography, autobiography, informational FOLKTALES- legends, fables, fairy tales, myths, tall tales DRAMA plays, historical plays POETRY

Identifying Genre Directions: Read the titles and descriptions of the stories to discover the genre. 1. These stories can take place in modern times with events that could happen in real life. 2. Factual information about people, places, or events that might include diagrams, photos, or charts. 3. A puzzling event or situation sometimes involving a crime and often centered around a person investigating a wrong doing. 4. A true story about a persons life either past or present.

Identifying Genre Directions: Read the titles and descriptions of the stories to discover the genre. 1. These stories can take place in modern times with events that could happen in real life. 2. Factual information about people, places, or events that might include diagrams, photos, or charts. 3. A puzzling event or situation sometimes involving a crime and often centered around a person investigating a wrong doing. 4. A true story about a persons life either past or present. Realistic Fiction Non-fiction: informational Fiction - Mystery Non-fiction Biography

Identifying Genre Directions: Read the titles and descriptions of the stories to discover the genre. 5. A story with characters and events based on actual events from the past but mixed with fictional elements. 6. A story written to be performed by actors with stage directions to guide them. 7. A story with elements that are not realistic such as talking animals and magical powers. 8. A story set in the future, outer space, or another universe. 9. Writings that often have rhyme, rhythm, and pattern.

Identifying Genre Directions: Read the titles and descriptions of the stories to discover the genre. 5. A story with characters and events based on actual events from the past but mixed with fictional elements. 6. A story written to be performed by actors with stage directions to guide them. 7. A story with elements that are not realistic such as talking animals and magical powers. 8. A story set in the future, outer space, or another universe. 9. Writings that often have rhyme, rhythm, and pattern. Historical Fiction Drama Fiction: fantasy Science Fiction Poetry

Elements of Non-fiction Text Title Photo Caption Diagram Graph Timeline Map Bold Text Highlights Underlines or Italics Headings Text Box Authors of non-fiction texts give you tools. A tool helps you do your work just like a hammer or a can opener. Looking for these tools will help you understand the text. These are especially helpful in social studies and science.

What Non- fiction Text Features Can You Identify?

Title Heading Map Italics

Identify the story elements and figurative language. It was (1)a beautiful June morning on the farm. Grandpa was in the barn milking the cows. (2) Grandma was fussing in the kitchen over breakfast because she likes things to be just a certain way. She smiled at me and said, (3)The early bird always gets the worm. Good, Im going to need that worm for fishing, I said. Then I grabbed some toast, looked at (4) the old battered clock face for the time, and headed out the door.

Identify the story elements and figurative language. (1)a beautiful June morning on the farm. SETTING (2) Grandma was fussing in the kitchen over breakfast because she likes things to be just a certain way. CHARACTERIZATION (3)The early bird always gets the worm. IDIOM (4) the old battered clock face PERSONIFICATION

I reached the (5)happy little woods and turned on to the winding path towards the old pond. The (6)woods are alive. (7)In the woods you can hear the crickets chirping, you can smell the pitch of pine trees, you can see the shadows from the sun shining through the branches overhead, and touch the rough bark of the trees. It is a wonderful place to be. (8) The woods are as magical as a fairy kingdom. While walking to the pond, I made up silly songs.

(5)happy little woods PERSONIFICATION (6) The woods are alive. PERSONIFICATION (7)In the woods you can hear the crickets chirping, you can smell the pitch of pine trees, you can see the shadows from the sun shining through the branches overhead, and touch the rough bark of the trees. IMAGERY (8) The woods are as magical as a fairy kingdom. SIMILE

(9)Grape gorillas eat green grass in the garden, and (10)Fat cat, smelly rat, and baseball bat. (11)The pond sat at the end of the woods in a beautiful open field. I picked a worm from my bait bucket. (12) You could smell the dirt still caked to it and feel the light slime covering its body. (13) It was a wrinkled, little wiggle worm. I put him on my hook and made my first cast. The line went out with a soft (14) whirr. Almost immediately I pulled out a fish. I took one look at him and said, (15)Youre a whale! I bet they would love you at (16)SeaWorld.

(9)Grape gorillas eat green grass in the garden, RHYME (10)Fat cat, smelly rat, and baseball bat. RHYME (11)The pond sat at the end of the woods in a beautiful open field. SETTING (12) You could smell the dirt still caked to it and feel the light slime covering its body. IMAGERY (13)It was a wrinkled little wiggle worm. ALLITERATION (14)whirr. ONOMATOPOEIA (14)Youre a whale METAPHOR (15)(16)SeaWorld. ALLUSION

Authors Purpose EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the authors purpose. The word is terracide. It is not committed with guns and knives, but with relentless bulldozers, roaring dump trucks, and giant shovels like mythological beasts. Dynamite cuts and rips apart mountains to reach the minerals inside, leaving nothing but empty, naked hills. The land is left wasted and allowed to slide down upon houses and into streams, making the land unlivable and the stream water undrinkable. This is terracide, or if you prefer, strip mining.

Authors Purpose EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the authors purpose. TO PERSUADE readers not to take part in terracide, or if you prefer, strip mining.

Authors Purpose EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the authors purpose. On September 23, a large cavalry troop from Fort Robinson arrived at the camp of Sitting Bull. Just as he was about to give a welcoming speech, a commotion broke out among the watching warriors. Rifles were fired, and the meeting ended in a massacre of the soldiers.

Authors Purpose EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the authors purpose. To INFORM the reader of the massacre of the soldiers on September 23.

Authors Purpose EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the authors purpose. The purple aliens landed with a crash and a boom. The residents of the small Iowa town ran in all directions as the multi-fingered creatures got off their spaceship. They landed right in front of the local cell phone store and appeared to be eager to check out Earth's communication technology. Fortunately, the salesman kept his head and showed the aliens many kinds of cell phones. The friendly purple creatures soon discovered that cell phones were cool. And lo and behold, the salesman had never seen anyone learn how to text so quickly. Maybe friendly aliens would do well on Earth after all.

Authors Purpose EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the authors purpose. To ENTERTAIN readers about friendly aliens landing on Earth.

Point of View EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then provide an answer that best describes the characters point of view. The carriage went at a hard pace straight along. Then we made a complete turn and went along another straight road. It seemed to me that we were simply going over and over the same ground again, so I took note of a landmark and found this was so. I would have liked to ask the driver what this meant, but I feared to do so. By- and-by, however, as I was curious to know how time was passing, I struck a match. By its flame, I looked at my watch. It was a few minutes until midnight.

Point of View EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then provide an answer that best describes the characters point of view. Then we made a complete turn It seemed to me that we were simply going, so I took note... I would have liked to ask I was curious to know, I struck a matchI looked at my watch. I, WE, and ME indicate this is FIRST PERSON POV

Point of View EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then provide an answer that best describes the characters point of view. Daedalus designed a masterful, mysterious maze, and his young son Icarus helped him create it. When the maze was finished, Minos had his soldiers release the Minotaur into it. But Minos worried that someone might find a way through the maze to release the creature. He had to make sure no one else ever knew the secret of the maze. So, to guarantee that Daedalus or Icarus could never reveal the secret, Minos imprisoned them in a very high tower. The brilliant Daedalus devised a plan. Over time he and Icarus ate very little and grew thinner and lighter. At night, they used only the light from the moon and stars, and saved the tiny candles. Daedalus and Icarus used the leftover food to attract some of the thousands of birds that migrated across the sky above them. They plucked a single feather from each bird that landed, knowing that one feather was not enough to stop them from flying.

Point of View EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then provide an answer that best describes the characters point of view. Daedalus designed a masterful, mysterious maze, and his young son Icarus helped him create itBut Minos worried that someone might find a way through the maze to release the creature. He had to make sure no one else ever knew the secret of the maze. So, to guarantee that Daedalus or Icarus could never reveal the secret, Minos imprisoned them in a very high tower. The brilliant Daedalus devised a plan. Daedalus and Icarus used the leftover food to attract some of the thousands of birds that migrated across the sky above them. They plucked a single feather from each bird that landed, knowing that one feather was not enough to stop them from flying. Because you know what both are thinking and doing and the pronouns he, they, and them are used this is THIRD PERSON POV

Conflict EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the type of conflict. Ling overhears Julian bragging about his malicious plan to ridicule her best friend. Angered, she confronts Julian and becomes even more incensed when he denies every word. A blinding snowstorm hits while Yoni is hiking in unfamiliar territory. Suddenly he loses his bearings and has no idea how to find his way home.

Conflict EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the type of conflict. Ling overhears Julian bragging about his malicious plan to ridicule her best friend. Angered, she confronts Julian and becomes even more incensed when he denies every word. CHARACTER VS. CHARACTER A blinding snowstorm hits while Yoni is hiking in unfamiliar territory. Suddenly he loses his bearings and has no idea how to find his way home. CHARACTER VS. NATURE

Conflict EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the type of conflict. The year is 1931. Sarah works in a factory at a time when workers must put in long hours and deal with dismal, even dangerous, conditions on the job. Hannah accepted Rajs marriage proposal against the strong wishes of her family. If she marries him, they will never speak to her again. Its one day before the wedding, and Hannah is doubting her decision.

Conflict EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the type of conflict. The year is 1931. Sarah works in a factory at a time when workers must put in long hours and deal with dismal, even dangerous, conditions on the job. CHARACTER VS. SOCIETY Hannah accepted Rajs marriage proposal against the strong wishes of her family. If she marries him, they will never speak to her again. Its one day before the wedding, and Hannah is doubting her decision. CHARACTER VS. SELF

PLOT Exercise: Identify where in the plot the following would occur. A series of related incidents build toward the point of greatest interest. These events are generally the most important parts of the story since the entire plot depends on them. RISING ACTION The portion of a story that introduces important background information about the setting, characters, and events occurring before the main plot. EXPOSITION

PLOT Exercise: Identify where in the plot the following would occur. The conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist unravels, with the protagonist winning or losing against the antagonist. There may be a moment of final suspense, in which the final outcome of the conflict is in doubt. All conflicts are resolved, creating normality for the characters and a release of tension or anxiety for the reader. The turning point, which changes the protagonists fate.

PLOT Exercise: Identify where in the plot the following would occur. The conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist unravels, with the protagonist winning or losing against the antagonist. There may be a moment of final suspense, in which the final outcome of the conflict is in doubt. FALLING ACTION All conflicts are resolved, creating normality for the characters and a release of tension or anxiety for the reader. RESOLUTION The turning point, which changes the protagonists fate. CLIMAX

Authors Tone

Authors Tone EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the authors tone: sentimental, bitter, humorous. 1. This place may be shabby, but since both of my children were born while we lived here, it has a special place in my heart. 2. If only there were some decent jobs out there, I wouldnt be reduced to living in this miserable dump. 3. When we move away, were planning to release three hundred cockroaches and tow mice, so we can leave the place exactly as we found it.

Authors Tone EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the authors tone: sentimental, bitter, humorous. 1. This place may be shabby, but since both of my children were born while we lived here, it has a special place in my heart. SENTIMENTAL 2. If only there were some decent jobs out there, I wouldnt be reduced to living in this miserable dump. BITTER 3. When we move away, were planning to release three hundred cockroaches and tow mice, so we can leave the place exactly as we found it. HUMEROUS

Theme EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the theme. In his sophomore year of high school, Michael Jordan tried out for the varsity basketball team at Laney High School in Wilmington, North Carolina. But at five feet and eleven inches tall, the coach believed that Jordan was too short to play at that level, so Jordan was cut from the team. Jordan didnt let this obstacle defeat him. In fact, it pushed him to work even harder. He trained vigorously and grew another four inches the following summer. When he finally made the varsity squad, Jordan averaged 25 points a game and went on to become one of the greatest basketball players in history. Then describe the theme.

Theme EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the theme. DONT LET ANYTHING STAND IN THE WAY OF YOUR DREAM YOU CAN OVERCOME YOUR OBSTACLES

Theme EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the theme. Mr. Pig and Mr. Dog were hanging out at the food court of the animal shopping mall. Mr. Pig was eating a huge feast of pizza and drinking a large jug of fruit punch and Mr. Dog was watching him eat. Hey, Mr. Pig. If you give me a slice of your pizza, Ill let you have the next bone I find. Mr. Pig declined, even though it hurt his stomach to eat the last three slices of pizza. Im sorry, Mr. Dog, Mr. Pig said, but I paid for this pizza and its all mine. Mr. Dog sighed and waited for Mr. Pig to finish, and then they left the animal mall together. On the way out, a hunter spotted them and gave chase. Mr. Pig normally could have escaped the hunter but since he was weighed down by such a large meal, Mr. Pig collapsed and the hunter killed him. Mr. Dog easily escaped. Later that night while returning to the scene, Mr. Dog caught the scent of something delicious and began digging around a trash can. He found a large ham bone with lots of meat and marrow still stuck to the bone. Mr. Dog happily ate.

Theme EXERCISES: Read each paragraph. Then describe the theme. Mr. Pig collapsed and the hunter killed him. NOTHING GOOD COMES FROM GREED. Mr. Dog happily ate. GOOD THINGS COME TO THOSE WHO WAIT.

Reading Strategy

The Three Little Pigs Summarize this short story using SWBS. Once upon a time there were three little pigs. One pig built a house of straw while the second pig built his house with sticks. They built their houses very quickly and then sang and danced all day because they were lazy. The third little pig worked hard all day and built his house with bricks. A big bad wolf saw the two little pigs while they danced and played and thought, What juicy tender meals they will make! He chased the two pigs and they ran and hid in their houses. The big bad wolf went to the first house and huffed and puffed and blew the house down in minutes. The frightened little pig ran to the second pigs house that was made of sticks. The big bad wolf now came to this house and huffed and puffed and blew the house down in hardly any time. Now, the two little pigs were terrified and ran to the third pigs house that was made of bricks. The big bad wolf tried to huff and puff and blow the house down, but he could not. He kept trying for hours but the house was very strong and the little pigs were safe inside. He tried to enter through the chimney but the third little pig boiled a big pot of water and kept it below the chimney. The wolf fell into it and died. The two little pigs now felt sorry for having been so lazy. They too built their houses with bricks and lived happily ever after.

The Three Little Pigs Summarize this short story using SWBS. Once upon a time there were three little pigs. One pig built a house of straw while the second pig built his house with sticks. They built their houses very quickly and then sang and danced all day because they were lazy. The third little pig worked hard all day and built his house with bricks. A big bad wolf saw the two little pigs while they danced and played and thought, What juicy tender meals they will make! He chased the two pigs and they ran and hid in their houses. The big bad wolf went to the first house and huffed and puffed and blew the house down in minutes. The frightened little pig ran to the second pigs house that was made of sticks. The big bad wolf now came to this house and huffed and puffed and blew the house down in hardly any time. Now, the two little pigs were terrified and ran to the third pigs house that was made of bricks. The big bad wolf tried to huff and puff and blow the house down, but he could not. He kept trying for hours but the house was very strong and the little pigs were safe inside. He tried to enter through the chimney but the third little pig boiled a big pot of water and kept it below the chimney. The wolf fell into it and died. The two little pigs now felt sorry for having been so lazy. They too built their houses with bricks and lived happily ever after. SomebodyWantedButSo The Big Bad Wolf Pigs for dinnerThey hid in the brick house. He went hungry.

Context Clues Practice Activity Your friend Ryan has moved to a new country and is learning a new language. Read what he wrote in his diary and see if you can figure out the meaning to the underlined words. Dear Diary, I overslept this morning. I had to eat my bowl of poof-poofs very quickly, and I almost missed the tramzam. When I got to school, I realized I had forgotten my zilgping. Luckily, Ms. Jutzi is very zoosh, and told me I could bring it tomorrow. After school, some friends and I played plingming. Its a new game I am learning. We scored 7 points and they only scored 5 points, so we were the zoiters! Dad says that next weekend were going to the fladder. I cant wait! I love to swim and play in the sand. I hope I dont get a sunburn though. Well, I better go to bed soon. I dont want to wake up late again and miss my tramzam! Until tomorrow, Ryan

Lets begin What could the word poof-poofs mean? What could the word poof-poofs mean? The sentences tell me it is something that can be eaten. I know that it is a breakfast food because Ryan said it was morning. I also know that it goes in a bowl. What do you think it is? The most logical guess would be a type of cereal. What could the word tramzam mean? What could the word tramzam mean? The sentences tell me that Ryan was going to school and he almost missed his tramzam. What do you think it is? The most logical guess would be a school bus. What could the word zilgping mean? What could the word zilgping mean? The sentences tell me that it is something Ryan needed at school. I also know that it is ok if he brings it tomorrow. What do you think it is? The most logical guess would be Ryans homework. What could the word zoosh mean? What could the word zoosh mean? The sentences tell me that a person can act this way and that Ms. Jutzi is being kind and allowing Ryan to bring his homework the next day. What do you think it is? The most logical guess would be friendly or understanding.

Youre doing terrifickeep going! What could the word plingming mean? What could the word plingming mean? The sentences tell me it is a game Ryan and his friends play against each other and that points can be scored. What do you think it is? The most logical guess would be a sport such as basketball or soccer. What could the word zoiters mean? What could the word zoiters mean? The sentences tell me that Ryans team scored 7 points while the other team scored less points. What do you think it is? The most logical guess would be that it means winners.

Almost there What could the word fladder mean? What could the word fladder mean? The sentences tell me that Ryans dad said he could go there and when he gets there they will swim and play in the sand. Ryan also mentions not wanting a sunburn. What do you think it is? The most logical guess would be a lake or a beach. And, remember, we already figured out the word tramzam probably means school bus. And, remember, we already figured out the word tramzam probably means school bus.

What is an Inference? An inference is something that you conclude based partly on evidence and partly on your own knowledge. When you make an inference, you read something, add what you know to it, and draw a conclusion. You put two and two together or read between the lines. What I Read + What I Already Know = What I Infer The girl had tears in her eyes. People with tears in their eyes are often sad. The girl is sad.

Inferences What can you infer about the type of woman Miss Murdstone is? It was Miss Murdstone who had arrived, and a gloomy-looking lady she was; dark, like her brother, whom she greatly resembled in face and voice; and with very heavy eyebrows, nearly meeting over her large nose, as if, being unable, because she was a woman, to wear whiskers, she had decided to grow what hair she could on her face. She brought with her two hard, inflexible black boxes, with her initials on the lids in hard brass nails. When she paid the coachman she took her money out of a hard steel purse, and she kept the purse in a very jail of a bag which hung upon her arm by a heavy chain, and shut up like a bite. ~ Charles Dickens, David Copperfield

Inferences What can you infer about the type of woman Miss Murdstone is? What I Read=What I Already Know= What I Infer The lady looks and sounds like a man, and everything that she carries is described as hard. You cant change how you look, but what you carry and wear say a great deal about what kind of person you are. This is a hard woman who is probably mean and is not to be taken lightly.

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Are you reading the works of a playwright, poet, or an author? PLAYWRIGHT – you write plays for others to perform. AUTHOR – you write stories for readers