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Archaeological Terms and Archaeological Terms and ToolsTools
By Rebecca Faye Kinley Fraker
Dig
• The site (place) being examined.
Terria
A small, curved hoe-like implement used to put dirt in tubs or buckets.
Guffahs
• A guffah is a bucket made out of old tires.
Sifting boxes
• Sifting boxes have screens of different sizes.
• They are used to separate the dirt from the beads or bones or other artifacts in the soil or sand.
Cairn
• A cairn is a pile of rocks.
• They are used for memorial sites.
• Sometimes they are marking a burial site or where a battle was won or a treasure was hidden.
• Through the years they often get covered by vegetation.
Recesses
• A recess is a hidden, indented area in a cliff or cave or some other structure
Submerged
• “Submerged” means under the water.
Aerial
• Aerial means “up in the air”.
• An aerial view means one taken from far up, usually from a plane or satellite.
• Aerial view of San Francisco
Strata and Stratigraphy
• The different layers of soil and rock at a site are called strata.
• The study and science of these layers is called stratigraphy.
Tell
• A mound, especially in the Middle East, that is made up of different layers of previous settlements.
Trench
• A trench is a ditch.
• Often archaeologists will cut a trench across a site to get an idea of where would be the best place to dig.
Trowels
• A hand instrument that is used for gardening, masonry, and digging in the soil.
Dental picks
• Dental tools and small brushes are often used to do detail work.
Patish
• A simple instrument like a hammer.
• One end has a sharp point and the other a broad sharpened edge.
Useful Websites
• http://www.nexfind.com/lessons/tools.htm
• http://www.nexfind.com/lessons/table%20of%20contents.htm
• http://www.kamalii.k12.hi.us/Kukuipuka/Archeology_Tools.html
Remains
• The remains can be various kinds of artifacts such as stone hammers, stone ornaments and fragments of pottery basin, or features like houses, forts and graves.
Picks and Mattocks