ARCH 242: BUILDING HISTORY II...* De re Aedificatoria On Building * Della Pittura On Painting - On Painting completed in 1435 - Paved the way for art in the Renaissance - Documents

01

ARCH 242: BUILDING HISTORY IIRenaissance & Baroque: Rise & Evolution of the Architect

02

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURAL STYLE?

- Does it refer to the visual composition of a building?

- Does it refer to specific periods in history i.e. Renaissance Style, Baroque Style, Modern Style?

- Does it move beyond categorization?

- Does it refer to architectural principles?

- Is it specific to an architect?

03

AGENDA FOR TODAY . . .

LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI

- The Allegorical Architect

- Alberti’s Treatises & Themes

- Holy Sepulchre, Florence

- San Sebastiano, Mantua

- Palazzo Rucellai, Florence

- Santa Maria Novella, Florence

- Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini

- Sant’ Andrea, Mantua

04


Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472

- Born in Genoa, Italy

- Projects in Florence, Mantua, & Rimini, Italy

05

LOCATIONS IN ITALY

Map of Italy

Florence

Mantua

GenoaRimini

06





- Worked as a writer, painter, sculptor, poet, philosopher, scientist, architect, etc.

07

RENAISSANCE HUMANISM

A scholarly movement that began in the 14th century

- A rejection of scholarly education from the Middle Ages

- Upheld empirical observation and experience

- Humanist ideas stemmed from ancient manuscripts

- “Renaissance Man”

Vitruvian Man by Leonardo Da Vinci, 1485-1490

08

DELLA PITTURA ON PAINTING

A modern treatise on painting

- Alberti wrote three treatises * De Statua On Sculpture * De re Aedificatoria On Building * Della Pittura On Painting - On Painting completed in 1435

- Paved the way for art in the Renaissance

- Documents Brunelleschi’s theories of perspective

The Trinity by Masaccio, circa 1427

Albrecht Dürer’s Man Drawing a Reclining Woman, 16th century09

PERSPECTIVE

Alberti’s system of human proportion & his perspective grid10

ARCHITECTURAL NOTATION

11





- Worked as a writer, painter, sculptor, poet, philosopher, scientist, architect, etc.

- The allegorical architect

12

ALBERTI IN ROME

Engraving by Aegidius Sadeler II, Palatine Hill in Rome, 1606

13

DE RE AEDIFICATORIA ON BUILDING

Vitruvius

- The Ten Books on Architecture

- Architecture is an imitation of nature

- Vitruvian Virtues

1- Firmitas

2- Utilitas 3- Venustas

14

DE RE AEDIFICATORIA ON BUILDING

Alberti’s treatise on Architecture

- From 1440- 1452

- Modeled after Vitruvius’ The Ten Books on Architecture

- First architectural treatise of the Renaissance

- Cataloged the features and proportions of the orders of antiquity

- Established a theory of harmonious proportions

15

ALBERTI’S THEMATICS

During the Renaissance, the formation of Architecture as a discipline takes place

- Architecture evolved from here into what it is today

- Renaissance ideas are challenged today, but they are necessary in evolving the discipline

- What are Alberti’s thematics?

- How does Alberti deploy these thematics?

16

IDENTICALITY

During the Renaissance, there was a push for identicality

- The middle ages were the artisan’s time

- Printing press invented by German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440

- Alberti’s scaled drawings upheld the idea of identicality

- Alberti believed that construction should be left to the builder and Architecture left to the thinking man

17

HOLY SEPULCHRE

Jerusalem, original church 2nd century Florence, 1467 completed

18

RUCELLAI FAMILY

Giovanni Rucellai 1403-1481

- A Florentine wool-dyer turned banker

- Interested in humanism

- A great patron of the arts, who made many contributions to the city of Florence

19

HOLY SEPULCHRE

Jerusalem, original church 2nd century Florence, 1467 completed

20

SAN SEBASTIANO, 1460

21

SAN SEBASTIANO, 1460

22

MANTUA (MANTOVA), ITALY

01

01 San Sebastiano

02 Sant’ Andrea

02

23

THE IDEAL CITY

Perugino’s Christ Giving the Keys to Peter, 1480, Sistine Chapel Rome

24

THE IDEAL CITY

Raphael’s Marriage of the Virgin, 1504 Anonymous, 1504

25

FLORENCE, ITALY

01

01 Palazzo Rucellai

02 Santa Maria Novella02

26

PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON

27

PALAZZO MEDICI, 1444, MICHELOZZO DI BARTOLOMEO

28

FACADE TYPOLOGIES IN FLORENCE

Palazzo Pitti, 1457 on Palazzo Strozzi, 1489-1490

29

PALAZZO MEDICI & PALAZZO RUCELLAI

Palazzo Medici, 1444 Palazzo Rucellai, 1455 on

30


31


32


33

SANTA MARIA NOVELLA, FACADE 1455

34


Old St Peters in Rome, Basilican Cross-Section

35


36

TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450

37

RIMINI, ITALY

01

01 Tempio Malatestiano

38


39


40

Basilica of Maxentius, 307-312, Rome


41

Arch of Augustus, 27 BC, Rimini


42


43

SANT’ ANDREA, 1470 ON

44

MANTUA (MANTOVA), ITALY

01

01 San Sebastiano

02 Sant’ Andrea

02

45


46

Arch of Titus, 81 AD, Rome


47



48

49


50


51


52

FACADES OF SANT’ ANDREA & PALAZZO RUCELLAI

53



Questions?