ARC-IONS Workshop, U of T – 7-8/01/2009 - 1 ARC-IONS - First results from a North American Strategic Network David W. Tarasick Experimental Studies, Air

ARC-IONS Workshop, U of T – 7-8/01/2009 - ARC-IONS Workshop, U of T – 7-8/01/2009 - 11Environm entCanada

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ARC-IONS - First results from a North ARC-IONS - First results from a North American Strategic NetworkAmerican Strategic Network

David W. TarasickExperimental Studies, Experimental Studies, Air Quality Research DivisionAir Quality Research Division

A.M. Thompson (PSU), S.J. Oltmans (NOAA), G. Forbes (EC-MSC), J. Merrill (UNH)

NASA Aura Validation (M.J. Kurylo; K.W. Jucks); ARCTAS (J. Crawford)

J. Davies, R. Mittermeier, W. Hocking, J. Witte G. Liu, C. Sioris, H. He, M.K. Osman, T. Carey-Smith L.B.J. McArthur, C. Banic & K. Puckett (EC); The Green Horse Society, and most especially all

the many observers who obtained the ozonesonde measurements at the ARC-IONS sites.



Rationale

Ozone soundings are the major source of information on ozone amounts in the free troposphere, capable of precise (3-5%) measurements of ozone with ~100m vertical resolution. While regular network soundings (typically weekly) produce valuable data, such soundings are often too sparse, both in space and time, to answer some scientific questions.

Strategic networks are designed to answer specific scientific questions, typically with dense networks of daily launches that have sufficient resolution in space and time to resolve atmospheric dynamic variability. Launches can be coordinated, often with collocated aircraft or satellite measurements.



ARC-IONS Sites

Largest ozonesonde intensive ever in Canada

13 sites in Canada5 in US1 in Greenland



TES / ARCIONS comparison. Summary of stare results for Bratt’s Lake, April 18th, 2008. Cloud is optically thin. Sonde results show 5 - 10% bias at Barrow and 15% bias at Bratt’s Lake. 15% bias is consistent with lidar results.



Walsingham windprofiler radar



Double tropopause

An example of a double tropopause observed at Churchill on April 18th, 2008. This event is due to a large poleward intrusion of subtropical tropospheric air and was forecast by the START08 project at NCAR (L. Pan, personal communication).



Arctic Intensive Ozonesonde Network

Study (ARC-IONS) 2008Cooperation with NASA project Arctic Research of the

Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS), in April and July 2008 over northern Canada.

Objectives: • studies of boundary layer ozone depletions resulting

from halogens released from sea salt deposited on Arctic sea ice;

• evaluation of the role of stratosphere/troposphere exchange (STE) in the spring buildup of tropospheric ozone;

• the contribution to the tropospheric ozone budget from boreal forest fires and the extent of fire emission influence on a trans-continental scale and beyond;

• validation of Aura (TES, OMI) at high latitudes; of GEM-MACH, for ozone & STE, and forest fire models.



Arctic Surface Ozone Depletions

Arctic sites showed modest ozone depletion in the surface boundary layer throughout the spring campaign

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This was occasionally severe.

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Arctic Surface Ozone Depletions

ARC-IONS Workshop, U of T – 7-8/01/2009 - ARC-IONS Workshop, U of T – 7-8/01/2009 - 1010

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Tarasick and Bottenheim, ACP, 2, 197–205, 2002.


Environm entCanada


Sea ice? Temperature trends?

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Backtrajectories for the sonde launches of April 17th, 2008. These appear to correlate with the large amounts of BrO observed by the OMI instrument on April 16th, 2008. However, in other examples this relationship is less clear.


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Do O3 depletions correlate with satellite

BrO?

Date or launch number2 4 6 8 12 14 16 18 220 10 20

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at launch24 hours48 hours72 hours96 hours

Best Correlation: -0.76 (all stat. significant)


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BrO?

Date or launch number2 4 6 8 12 14 16 180 10

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Best correlation: -0.74 (all except ---- stat. significant)


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BrO?


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Best correlation: -0.36


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BrO?


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Best correlation: -0.46


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Ozone from the stratosphere?

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M.K. Osman, UWO


Environm entCanada


FLEXPART modeling seems to show good correspondence with apparent intrusions

T. Carey-Smith, NIWA

Intrusions associated with jumps in tropopause height


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TES Measurements: Eureka

H. He, UWO/ARQX

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Radar tropopause height vs Brewer ozone

H. He, UWO/ARQX


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T. Carey-Smith

NIWA


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Ozonesonde Climatology

G. Liu, ARQX

Hysplit forward and backtrajectories applied to ozone soundings fill in the NA map


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G. Liu, ARQX

+- 3 hrs, Mar-May, 2006

+- 3 hrs, Aug 2006

Correlations between OMI and trajectory-mapped

ozone soundings at different altitudes


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G. Liu, ARQX


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G. Liu, ARQX


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ARCTAS Data Workshop, January 27-30, Virginia Beach

Spring AGU Meeting 24-27 May, 2009 (Toronto) Session A10: Processes over Midlatitude North America and the Arctic (2008) Observed from Satellite and Field Campaigns Abstract deadline: 4 March 2009, 2359 UT.

MST12 (Radar) Workshop: 17 - 23 May, 2009 London, Ontario: http://www.mst12.com/ Session: Tropopause processes and Stratospheric/Tropospheric Exchange

Abstract deadline: Friday January 23, 2009.


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Thank you!


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Highlights of three IONS campaigns:IONS-04: 2004, mostly eastern North America; 275 profiles, largest

single set of free tropospheric ozone measurements ever compiled (as of 2004) for this region. Coordinated AQ model comparison, aircraft & surface measurements.

IONS-06: 2006, three phases with 23 sites; 740 profiles. Coordinated AQ model comparison, aircraft & surface measurements. Validation of TES, OMI, MLS, ACE measurements; coordination with Aura & ACE overpasses.

ARC-IONS (2008): Canada, Alaska and the lower U.S.. Two phases with 18 sites, mostly daily profiles. Coordination with NASA aircraft flights. Validation of TES, OMI, MLS, ACE measurements; coordination with Aura & ACE overpasses. Coordination with special TES “Step-and-stare” observations.

Also new tropospheric ozone lidars in operation at Egbert (Toronto) and Eureka; aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from the Canadian AERONet and Brewer networks, and an aerosol lidar deployed near Yellowknife. Radar measurements of tropopause height to detect stratospheric intrusions, and to measure wave activity and turbulence strengths associated with intrusion events. Modeling studies using GEM-MACH, GEM-FLEXPART and other systems, in order both to validate the models and to interpret the data.


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H. He, UWO/ARQX

02/04 04/04 06/04 08/04 10/04 12/04 14/04 16/04 18/04 20/04

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M.K. Osman, UWO

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G. Liu, ARQX


Environm entCanada


IONS Publications (>24 to date):

Unique data sets provided by coordinated intensive ozone profile measurements

tropospheric ozone processes & contribution to ozone budget; model comparisons (Cooper et al., 2006; 2007; Thompson et al., 2007a,b; Tarasick et al., 2007; Pfister et al., 2008; Tang et al., 2008)

• pollution plumes from boreal forest fires (Morris et al., 2006), New York City (Mao et al., 2006).

• stratospheric intrusions & the tropopause behaviour preceeding them (Hocking et al., 2007).

• validation of satellite measurements (Parrington et al., 2007; Stajner et al., 2007; Schoeberl et al., 2007; Nassar et al., 2007; Jiang et al., 2007; Dupuy et al., 2007; Livingston et al., 2007; Nardi et al., 2007) and of models (Chai et al., 2007; Pierce et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2007).


Environm entCanada


Sea ice? Temperature trends?

Year

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80ResoluteChurchillAlertEureka


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G. Liu, ARQX


Environm entCanada


07/01 07/06 07/11 07/16 07/21 07/26 07/31 08/05 08/10 08/150

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Pellston 18z surface

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EC Regional AQ models AURAMS & CHRONOS compared with IONS-04 sonde data

• forecast errors 25-75%• low bias in upper troposphere• GEM-MACH: global, full

stratosphere


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Comparison of GEOS-Chem with Ozonesonde Data

Assimilation improves the O3 distribution in the UTLS region

O3 plume is redistributed throughout column in assimilation

Sonde

Assimilation

GEOS-Chem

Ozone (ppb) Ozone (ppb)

Ozone (ppb) Ozone (ppb)

Eureka (85°W, 80°N) 20 July 2005

Churchill (95°W, 58°N) 20 July 2005

Wallops (76°W, 38°N) 26 July 2005

Wallops (76°W, 38°N) 19 July 2005

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a)


Environm entCanada


Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange

Stratospheric intrusion at 40ºN more pronounced in both models following assimilation

AM2-Chem ozone (120°W 21:00 GMT, July 26) AM2-Chem ozone analysis

GEOS-Chem ozone (120°W 21:00 GMT, July 26) GEOS-Chem ozone analysis


Environm entCanada


Tropospheric Ozone DIAL - First Results

ARC-IONS Campaign

Generated a DIAL ozone profile for full day and 2 hours centred at ozonesonde launch timeGenerally not much difference between full and coincident profilesDIAL shows similar features to ozonesonde profile, does not show an increase in ozone concentration with altitude


Environm entCanada


03/10 04/29 06/18

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Documents

ARC-IONS Workshop, U of T – 7-8/01/2009 - 1 ARC-IONS - First results from a North American Strategic Network David W. Tarasick Experimental Studies, Air