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Arachnida. Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions. Spider structure. Cephalothorax. Anterior region of the body. Abdomen. Posterior region of the body. Eyes. 8 simple eyes on the cephalothorax. Pedipalps. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Arachnida
• Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions
Spider structure
Cephalothorax
• Anterior region of the body
Abdomen
• Posterior region of the body
Eyes
• 8 simple eyes on the cephalothorax
Pedipalps
• Foot like appendages used for: feeling, sensing chemicals, holding food, communication and mating
Chelicerae
• The fangs for injecting venom – all spiders are carnivores
Sucking stomach
• Sucks in liquefied food
Digestive gland
• Secretes enzymes to finish digestion
Dorsal heart
• Enlarged blood vessel (aorta)
Book lungs
• (breathing), opening is on the abdomen
Silk glands and spinnerets
• Found on abdomen, used for: wrapping prey, making webs, egg sacs, safety lines, ballooning
Wrapping prey
Spinning a web
Egg sacs
Safety line
Ballooning
Spider reproduction
• Male transfers sperm to females seminal receptacle with pedipalps. Later, female releases egg and sperm into egg sac where fertilization occurs.
Spider affects on humans
• Positive – controls insect populations
Spider affects on humans
• Negative – black widow is most dangerous in U.S., brown recluse is 2nd, hobo spider is 3rd
Goliath Bird-Eating Spider
Other arachnids
Harvestmen (daddy-long-legs)
• Not a spider – doesn’t have 2 distinct body regions and doesn’t produce silk or venom
Tick diseases
• Lymes disease
Rash that looks like a “bull’s eye”
Muscle acheStiff neckMigraineFlu like symptomsFatigue
Tick diseases
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever
FeverNauseaVomitingLoss of appetiteSpotted rash
Tick diseases
• Bubonic plague
Buboes – caused by swollen lymph nodes
Gangrene in fingers and toes
Mites
• Some do crop damage
Mite diseases
• Chiggers – mite larvae that bore into the skin causing severe itching
Scorpions
• Sting forward over their head, some are dangerous to humans
Predators
• Their pincers are their main weapons which are really extensions of their mouths (pedipalps)
Watch out for the small ones…
Arizona Bark Scorpion is the only species in the U.S. that is considered threatening
The larger the pincers, the less venom they have
Nocturnal
Can easily be seen at night with a black light – exoskeleton causes them to glow
Crustacea
• Lobsters, crab, shrimp, crayfish
Non-typical crustaceans
• Pill bugs (rolly polly), barnacles, daphnia, cyclops
Zooplankton
• Organisms that drift with ocean currents and can’t photosynthesize – most are crustaceans and are VITAL to aquatic systems
Largest Crab
• Japanese Spider Crab
Leg span of almost 4 meters
Hermit Crab
Coconut Crab
known for its ability to crack coconuts with its strong pincers in order to eat the contents
Crayfish structure
Red is most common, then blue, then white
Cephalothorax
• Anterior body region of a crustacean
Abdomen
• Posterior body region of a crustacean
Carapace
• Top shell of a crustacean
Antennae
• Feeling and sensing chemicals
Antennules
• Sense vibrations – gives them balance
Chelipeds• Claws used for tearing food and for defense
Legs
• 4 pair for walking, 1 pair for grabbing (chelipeds)
Swimmerets
• Aid in swimming, females carry eggs
Green gland
• Excretory organs that get rid of nitrogenous wastes
Crayfish respiration
• Gills are under the carapace and attached to legs
Crayfish circulation
• Dorsal heart inside the pericardium, open circulatory system
Self amputation and regeneration
• If a cheliped is damaged, they remove it and regrow another one