Arachis pintoi Arachis pintoi ((FabalesFabales: : Fabaceae)Fabaceae)

Germán Calberto

Pinto peanut, maní forrajero, amendoim forrageiro, kacang pinto, thua lisong tao.

________________________________________________________________________DistributionDistribution

________________________________________Actual DistributionActual Distribution

MarginalSuitable

___________________________________Ecology___________________________________EcologypH 4.5 - 7.2

Soil Soil requirementsrequirements

Prefers moderate to high fertility Tolerant of periods of waterlogging Low - moderate tolerance of salinity

MoistureMoistureRainfall: 1,500-2,000 mm/yr

Survives dry seasons of 4 months

Collections (1100 m extreme) Temperatures of about 21-23°C TemperatureTemperatureGrows best 22°C and 28°C

__________________________________Ecology__________________________________Ecology

May produce more growth in shade than in full sunlightLightLight

FireFire Recovery after fire

Extremely tolerant of low and regular defoliation.DefoliationDefoliation

Reproductive Reproductive developmentdevelopment

Normally takes about 6 weeks from flowering to mature pods

__________________________________Uses/application__________________________________Uses/application

1. Permanent pasture for intensive grazing systems

2. Ground cover in open situations and under trees; ornamental.

3. Used for intensively managed grass/legume pastures in South America.

With Brachiaria brizantha, after grazingErosion control, and for cut feed

__________________________Uses/application__________________________Uses/application

4. Used as a cover crop in coffee, banana, oil palm, macadamia, cocoa, cassava, citrus, pineapples, plantains, dryland taro, and hearts of palm.

5. Takes about 6 months to become well established and requires weed control during that time.

6. Provides excellent weed control when Established.

_________________________________Agronomy_________________________________Agronomy

EstablishmentEstablishmentCan be established from cuttings or from seed.

Moderate levels of dormancy in fresh seed can be reduced.

seed should be stored in a cool dry environment.

Seed should be sown at 10-30 kg/ha seed-in-pod(depending on quality and price).

Should be sown 2-5 cm deep.

FertilizerFertilizerDoes not require high levels of fertilizer in most situations.

Grows well under trees, sward forming and tussockgrasses (Regular defoliation- aggressive grasses)

Compatibility (with other species)Compatibility (with other species)

Companion speciesCompanion species

Pest and DiseasesPest and Diseases

- With aggressive creeping grasses, bunch grasses. - Generally not grown with other legumes, but under leguminous trees

Cause no long-term or serious damage (resistant to the major groundnut diseases, conditions)

Rhizoctonia solani

- Once established, A. pintoi is difficult to eradicate.- It is generally spread by cultivation.- Favored by regular grazing or mowing.- Tolerant of many common herbicides.- Recover quickly by virtue of large, fairly persistent soil seed banks.

Weed PotentialWeed Potential

______________________________________________________Not all that glitters is goldNot all that glitters is gold

StrengthsStrengths LimitationsLimitations

- Tolerant of heavy grazing. - Tolerant of low fertility. - Productive. - High quality. - Good ground cover. - Combines well with competitive sward grasses

- Not well suited to cut & carry systems. - Needs good moisture for production. - Underground seed attracts rodents. - Difficult to eradicate. - Slow and costly establishment.

__________________ __________________________References__________________________References

Bowman, A.M., Wilson, G.P.M. and Gogel, B.J. (1998) Evaluation of perennialpeanuts (Arachis spp.) as forage on the New South Wales north coast. Tropical Grasslands, 32, 252-258.

Ferguson, J.E. and Loch, D.S. (1999) Arachis pintoi in Australia and Latin America. In: Loch, D.S. and Ferguson, J.E. (eds) Forage seed production. Volume 2: Tropical and subtropical species. pp. 427-434. (CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, UK).

Krapovickas, A. and Gregory, W.C. (1994) Taxonomía del género Arachis(Leguminosae). (1994) Bonplandia, VIII, 81-83.

Pizarro, E.A., Ramos, A.K.B. and Carvalho, M.A. (1997) ProducciÓn y persistencia de siete accesiones de Arachis pintoi asociadas con Paspalummaritimum en el Cerrado brasileño. Pasturas Tropicales, 19, 40-44.

RincÓn, A. (2001) Potencial productivo de ecotipos de Arachis pintoi en el Piedemonte de los Llanos Orientales de Colombia. Pasturas Tropicales, 23, 19-24.