' Volume 3, No. 4

Water ProtectionFund CommissionFormed

The Arizona legislature has createda Water Protection Fund adminis-tered by a 15-member Commission.Appointments to the Commission aremade by the Governor, the presidentof the Senate and the speaker of theHouse, with certain numbers allocat-ed for various categories (see table, p.2). Ex-officio, non-voting membersare Rita Pearson, ADWR, Jean Has-sell, State Land Commission, and thechairs of House and Senate naturalresource committees.

The Fund, which is administeredby the director of DWR and theState Land Commissioner, is ear-marked for supporting projects thatwill enhance riparian areas. Theauthorizing legislation calls for "acoordinated effort for the restorationand conservation of the water re-sources of this state. This policy isdesigned to allow the people of thisstate to prosper while protecting and

continued on page 2

CONTENTS

Water Vapors 3

News Briefs 4-5

Legislation & Law . 6

Special Projects 7

Publications 8

Transitions 9

Announcements 10, 12

AR! ZONAWATER RESOURCE

August-September 1994

Land and water fit together zipper-like to maximize lakefront and fairway lots atArrowhead Ranch. (Photo: Peter Essick: Arizona Water Map)

Officials Still Seek Source of Havasu Bacteria

High levels of fecal coliform bacteria that forced summer closure of severalLake Havasu beaches began declining in September. Investigators seeking thecause of the elevated coliform levels are uncertain why they now are declining.

Officials were alerted to a problem in late May when sampling at LakeHavasu beaches showed high levels of fecal coliform. Under state water qualitystandards, the monthly average fecal coliform counts for water used for swim-ming is supposed to be less than 200 colony forming units (cfu) per 100 millili-ters (ml) - or about one-half cup - of sampled water. Readings as high as98,000 cfu/100 ml were recorded at Lake Havasu's East State Beach.

The situation prompted officials to take action. Seven swimming areaswere closed, and on July 26 Governor Fife Symington declared a State ofEmergency at Lake Havasu, releasing up to $100,000 to find the cause of theproblem. The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality spearheaded aneffort to identify the source of the bacteria.

One aspect of the situation that has puzzled investigators is the lack ofcorrelation between the high bacteria count and population pressures. Usuallya pattern exists, with increased numbers of people using the lake duringholidays causing bacteria counts to rise and then drop off later in the week.Bacteria counts in Lake Havasu fluctuated erratically, even when populationpressure was removed.

During the intensive investigation period there were no spills nor excessiveurban runoff in the area to account for the high bacteria count. Also puzzling

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WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA

Water Fun4 continued from page 1

restoring this state's rivers and streams and associated riparian habitats, includingfish and wildlife resources that are dependent on these important habitats.»

Grants may be made to both public and private bodies, including naturalresource conservation districts for various projects. They may include restorationor protection of rivers, promotion of water conservation activities outside AMAs,and research and public awareness programs for water and riparian protection andenhancement.

Statutory limitations on how the funds can be spent include: no purchases ofland can be made a la the Heritage Fund; no more than $100,000 per year can bespent on research; and no more than $100,000 per year can be spent on waterconservation projects, which must be located outside the state's five Active Manage-ment Areas.

The Commission will administer a grants program of $4 million this year, $6million next year, and $5 million in subsequent years. Initially, all revenues willcome from Arizona's general fund. Over time, general fund revenues may bewholly or partially replaced by proceeds from fees on the sale or lease of CAPwater by entities not paying CAP ad valorem taxes.

Hzvasu Bacteria, cant. from page 1

to researchers is that the high bacteriacounts at Lake Havasu were not ac-companied by high nutrient values.Nutrient values in near-shore waterswere low. Work continues to locatethe source or sources of the problem.

Researchers examined the theorythat the high bacteria count might bethe result of a natural process. Sam-pling therefore was done at otherareas of Lake Havasu with conditionssimilar to the affected areas, butwithout the population pressure.High bacteria counts were not re-corded. This led investigators tobelieve that there probably is a near-shore source of the problem.

Continuing research will includea study of groundwater transport onan island near the affected beachareas, including transport from awastewater treatment plant with arecharge pond. Researchers also areexamining what happens to thegroundwater flow and bacteria levelswhen the lake level fluctuates.

Analysis and identification offecal coliform bacteria species also arebeing done. Different species areassociated with different sources, forexample, human or animal. Prelimi-nary work has identified bacterianormally associated with waste frompulp, paper and sugar cane opera-tions. No such operations are locatedin the area. Other variables beingexamined include channel flow, tem-peratures and wind direction.

"We have not found a singlesmoking gun, but have identifiedvarious situations that may contributeto the larger problem," explained BillWiley of the ADEQ.

ADEQ plans to issue a report bythe end of October, with a publicmeeting to follow.

Quote of the Millennia

One cannot step twiceInto the same river

for other waters areforever flowing on to you.

Herochtus, circa 500 B.C.

COMMISSION APPOINTMENTS TO THEARIZONA WATER PROTECTION FUND

Category Commissioner Affiliation Appointer

Public with relevantwork experience

Julie Stromberg Environ Studies, ASU Governor

Dennis Parker Patagonia Speaker

Michael Block Metro Water District President

Gwendolyn Waring Forestry School, NAU President

Municipal CAPcontractors

Roger Manning AMWUA Governor

Doug Koppinger Tucson President

Kay Otte Mayor, Florence Speaker

Environmentalorganizations

Andy Laurenzi Nature Conservancy Governor

Frank Brandt N AZ Audobon Soc Governor

CAWCD Virginia Korte CAWCD Board CAWCD

Salt River Project John Keane Salt River Project Governor

Industrial user Jim Hartdegan Cyprus Mines Governor

Agricultural user Paul Orme Mayer, AZ Speaker

Natural resource dist Paul Brick AZ Assoc of Cons Dist Governor

Inter-tribal council Martin Antone, Sr. Chair, Ak-Chin Comm Jnter-tribal

2 Arizona Water Resource August-September 1994

Water Vaporsoften implore our readers to cor-

respond with us, to little avail. Thismonth, we are reminded that nothinggenerates interest like a little errata.

San Pedro Story DisputedOur first Email communication

gently took us to task:"I just got hold of AWR 3:3. Now

you can be criticized electronically!No, really, I enjoy your publicationsand appreciate the information.

Re 'Flow of San Pedro Threat-ened,' it's the National EnvironmentalPolicy Act (not Protection). I supposeI'm well down the list of folks whopointed this out, but just in case..."Matt Chew, Streams & Wetlands Coordi-nator, Arizona State Parks

Actually, Matt was the first andonly person to bring this error to ourattention. Our cover story on the SanPedro brought a lengthier and moresevere rebuke from another reader:

"Your article titled 'Flow of SanPedro Threatened' is grossly inaccu-rate. I don't know the source of yourinformation, but, in the future, I'dencourage you to check your facts oryour publication may end up with thesame credibility problems as yourmisguided informant.

Of the 50,000 people living in theSierra Vista sub-basin of the Upper SanPedro Basin, about 36,000 actually livein Sierra Vista which includes FortHuachuca. Although Fort Huachucahas received some new missions inrecent years, the down-sizing of ourmilitary has resulted in a very minorchange in the number of employees.We are a growing community, butpaled by comparison (sic) to othermajor cities in Arizona. Fort Hua-chuca is a major factor in the stabilityof our economy but not the drivingforce sparking our growth. In fact, theSPRNCA (San Pedro Riparian Nation-al Conservation Area) may be sparkingmore growth than Fort Huachuca.

Sierra Vista, like almost everyother city in the West, depends ongroundwater. The 11,000 acre-feet(AP) of depleted groundwater youreference is actually a number from amuch-debated water budget publishedin the Hydrologic Survey Report ofthe San Pedro Watershed in 1991. Thebudget includes all surface water andgroundwater sources and all naturaland cultural uses within the basin.That same budget shows net municipaluse to be only 6,730 AF, other culturaluses bring the total to 13,450 AP,while natural uses account for 15,400AP. Listed under "surplus" is 39,200AP of surface water outflow from thesub-basin and a change in storage of-11,230 AF. Implying that SierraVista's growth is responsible for 11,000AF of depleted reserves is a gross exag-geration of our situation.

The 1990 University of Arizona'shydrologist report you reference isactually dated November 1991, with asupplemental report on a hydrologymodel published in 1992. The firstreport did make some 20 year projec-tions, the second one did not. There isno statement itt either report to indi-cate any of the population growthscenarios would predict any significanteffect on the river within the periodstudied. One scenario assumed thehistorical 2% (population growth) rateand the other assumed a 'high' 3.5%rate. The report did suggest droughtand/or significant growth in agricultur-al uses could effect (sic) river flows.To use your words, the misstatement

of the U of A report's conclusions hasdefinitely been a 'thorn in the side' ofthis community, not the report itself.George P. Michael, Jr., P.E., DirectorPublic Works, City of Sierra Vista

Our article states "50,000 reside inSierra Vista," which is an acceptedfigure for metropolitan Sierra Vista.Also, we noted that annual growth inthe 1990s has averaged 3.9 percent,double the historical 2 percent rate andhigher than even the "high" 3.5 per-cent scenario used in the referencedreports. Economic activity associatedwith Fort Huachuca, including mili-tary retirees, accounts for significantgrowth. There certainly are otherfactors, including the SPRNCA.

The article does not state, nor didwe mean to imply, that Sierra Vista'sgrowth is responsible for all 11,000 AFof depleted reserves. Growth certainlydoes portend increased groundwaterpumping, absent intensified conserva-tion and watershed management.

The article does contain one signif-icant misstatement - "A 1990 reportby University of Arizona hydrologistspredìcted that even without furthergrowth, if present groundwater pump-ing rates continue, the aquifer wouldbe sufficiently depleted within twodecades to end surface flow on the SanPedro River and destroy its riparianzone." The correct statement is "Ifpresent groundwater pumping ratescontinue, the aquifer would be suffi-ciently depleted after two decades tobegin to affect surface flow on the SanPedro." We regret the error.

Arizona Water Resouite ìs publìshed monthly, except forJanuary and Augusts by the Universxty of Arizona's WaterResources Research Center. A WR accepts news, announce-ments and other information from all organizations con-

cerned with water. Material must be received by the 14th of the month to bepublished in the following month's issue. Subscriptions are free upon request.

'I-

Arizona Water Resource StaffEditc>r: Joe GeltReporters; Barbara Tellinan

Mary WallaceCalendar: Kael AlfordPublisher: Gary Woodard

WRRC Director: Hanna J. Cortner

Arizona Water ResouweWater Resources Research CenterCollege of AgricultureThe University of Arizona350 North Campbell AvenueTucson, Arìzona 85719602-792-9591; FAX 602-792-8518Email; wrrc@ccit.arizona.edu

August-September 1994 Arizona Water Resource 3

News Briefs

U.S. Seeks Mexican O.K.for Flood Devices

In what has been an ongoing effortU.S. officials attempted recently toobtain permission from Mexico toinstall water measuring systems withinthe country to help warn of floodsapproaching Nogales. The area cur-rently has no flood warning system.

Efforts to set up such a systembegan in 1991 when the U.S. ArmyCorps of Engineers approached Mexi-can officials for permission to installmeasuring instruments in Nogales,Sonora. Meetings continued over thenext three years without the UnitedStates gaining the necessary approval.

The U.S. plan involves installingfive rain and stream gauges in Nogales,Sonora, to measure rainfall and waterpressure. On the U.S. side of theborder, eight gauges would be locatedin Nogales, Arizona and also a basestation and microwave repeater torecord and send data.

U.S. officials say the system wouldprovide early warning of approachingfloods, and thus reduce life and proper-ty loss. Lack of flood warnings likelycontributed recently to the deaths of aNogales, Sonoran mother and her twochildren. A flood swept their pickuptruck into a wash on August 21.Nogales, Arizona will receive up to$100,000 in state aid for propertydamage caused by the same storm.

Mexican officials have claimed theUnited States benefits more than Mexi-co from the proposed warning system.Since water flows north across theborder into the United States, Mexicowould be hit first by severe floodingand receive less warning than theUnited States further north.

U.S. officials concede the warningsystem would allow the United Statesslightly more time to prepare for anapproaching flood. If Nogales, Arizo-na receives an hour notice of an ap-

proaching flood, Nogales, Sonorawould be notified about 50 minutesbefore the onslaught of a flood.

The program is priced at $80,000,with the Army Corps of Engineers topay about 75 percent of the cost andthe Santa Cruz Flood Control Districtto come up with rest.

Phoenix to Test Bulrushfor Cleaning Wastewater

Phoenix officials plan to grow bul-rush, a wetland plant of the cattailfamily, to treat wastewater. Officialshope the strategy will help the citymeet stricter federal standards that mayexist in 1997 when Phoenix is to re-new its waste-water discharge permit.

The strategy is to build two 3- to4-acre ponds or "minifarms' near thewastewater treatment plant along theSalt River. The ponds are to be filledwith effluent from the plant. Engi-neers would monitor the water flowingthrough the ponds to determine theeffectiveness of the bulrushes to treatwastewater. They especially will beevaluating the plants' ability to absorbsuch contaminants as trace metals andorganics which are expected to be thefocus of new federal regulations.

Because of their growth patternsbulrushes are considered better adaptedto absorb contaminants found in efflu-ent than are other forms of vegetation.Buirushes grow as single sprouts sever-al inches apart for each other. Watertherefore is able to flow more readilythrough buirushes than through vegeta-tion growing in clumps. Wildlife alsois better able to use wetlands vegetatedwith bulrush.

Buirushes are to be obtained fromKingman which currently uses theplant for wastewater treatment. Theeffectiveness of buirushes to treatwastewater in the hotter, drier Phoenixclimate will be evaluated.

Costing about $3 million,Phoenix's wetlands project might lastfour years, with the U.S. Bureau ofReclamation paying half the cost andPhoenix, Glendale, Mesa, Scottsdale,Tempe and Youngtown sharing thebalance.

Magma Copper toPay for Spill

:N4agma Copper Co. is to pay$625,000 for spilling toxic mine tailingsinto Pinto Creek near Globe. Themoney will be divided between theEnvironmental Protection Agency,which will receive $385,000, and theArizona Department of EnvironmentalQuality, which is to get $240,000. Thestate money will go into the ArizonaSuperfund account.

The incident occurred as the resultof heavy rains in January 1993 filling atailings impoundment. The flowbreached a dam causing a massivedischarge of tailings into Pinto Creek,according to the EPA. The federalagency considers waste from thesemine tailings to be extremely toxic toaquatic life

Pinto Creek flows into the SaltRiver just above Roosevelt Lake,which supplies drinking water to thePhoenix area.

Magma's Miami-based Pinto ValleyDivision was the source of the PintoCreek spill. Other Magma locationsthat EPA cited for "overflows andleaks' from tailing ponds include itsSuperior Division, in Superior, and itsMiami-based Copper Cities Unit.

Magma officials say that after the1993 mishap the company has workedon all its tailings ponds. Dam andcatchment facilities were improved andupgraded. Further, emergency powersources were developed for pumps inthe ponds. Also, Magma has set a fallconstruction date to begin work on a$5-million dam to contain possiblespills from its sulfuric-acid leachingoperation. Spilled tailings were re-moved from Pinto Creek in the sum-mer of 1993.

As part of the settlement Magmaalso agreed to fund an Arizona Gameand Fish study of endangered nativefish species in the Pinto Valley area.

The company claims the tailingswere not as toxic as reported by envi-ronmental agencies. It says the tailingsmainly were sand waste and affectedprimarily the longfin dace and a desertsucker.

4 Arizona Water Resource August-September 1994

CAP Siphon RepairsUnderway

Repair of six huge siphons whichcarry Central Arizona Project waterunder river beds was scheduled tobegin the first of October. During therepairs, the CAP will not deliver Colo-rado River water to its customers.The Bureau of Reclamation is sched-uled to complete repairs and begindelivering water by December 15, witha 15-day contingency period.

Shutdown of the system was neces-sitated by the progressive deteriorationof the huge, U-shaped pre-stressedwire-wrapped pipes. Built in the late1970s, the siphons were discovered tobe suffering from corrosion in 1990.Whether the problems resulted fromdesign or construction errors and whowill ultimately pay for repairs still isunclear. (See related story, p. 6.)

The Bureau of Reclamation reportsthat there has been widespread failureof pipes of similar construction aroundthe world. When they fail, it often issudden and explosive. Therefore, theBureau is replacing the siphons withpipes of a different and more expensivedesign. The original siphons costabout $30 million, while their replace-ments will cost up to five times asmuch.

Repairs are being made in theautumn when agricultural water de-mand is minimal and municipal de-mand is lower. Municipal providersare coping with the temporary shut-offby switching to groundwater wells andother surface water sources.

In Tucson, the switch back togroundwater comes at a time when thefuture use of the area's CAP allocationis being debated. Tucson Water expe-rienced problems when it first deliv-ered CAP water, and subsequentlyreturned most customers to groundwa-ter pending an examination of treat-ment and delivery options. Somecustomers now being temporarilyswitched back to groundwater aredemanding that they be kept ongroundwater until the City decides ona long-term CAP usage strategy for theentire service area.

Tucson Water DeliversTCE-Stripped Water

The lenhy process of cleaning up alarge plume of TCE-tainted groundwa-ter underlying south-central Tucsonreached another milepost with watercleaned of the solvent being deliveredto Tucson Water customers. Theplume was caused by decades of dump-ing of TCE (trichioroethylene) intowells at the Hughes Missile plant locat-ed on land owned by the Air Forcenear Tucson International Airport.Detection of the cancer-causing solventin Tucson Water wells in 1981 forcedthe City to shut down a south-sidewell field and triggered the ongoingcleanup efforts.

The plume of contaminatedgroundwater is intercepted by a line ofnine wells and pumped at the rate ofeight million gallons per day to airstripping towers. Inside the towers,water trickling down mixes with airflowing upward. TCE evaporates outof the water into the air, which then isblown through activated carbon filtersto absorb the solvent.

The treated water is disinfectedwith chlorine, treated with acid toadjust alkalinity, and then pumped intoTucson Water's distribution systemand delivered to 25,000 customers on

C;:/

.

Large-diazeter CAP pipelines under construction.

the westside, downtown and nearnorthside areas of Tucson.

Contaminated water entering thetreatment plant contains up to 5 partsper billion (ppb) TCE. The plant,whose construction and operation isbeing monitored by the EnvironmentalProtection Agency, is designed toremove 99 percent of the TCE.Whether it is lowering it to 0.05 ppb isunknown, since testing equipmentcannot detect TCE at concentrationsbelow 0.3 ppb. The current drinkingwater standard is 1.5 ppb.

Delivery of the treated water tohouseholds was opposed by PimaCounty supervisors and others, whorecommended instead that the water bepumped into the normally dry SantaCruz River bed. Because the treatedwater meets all federal and state waterquality standards, such a move wouldhave had regulatory consequences,including increasing Tucson Water'sper capita daily consumption rate bysome 15 gallons.

To date, complaints have been few.Those receiving the water have theconsolation of knowing that the waterquality is being closely monitored. Inaddition, they will not receive moresaline Central Arizona Project wateruntil the entire plume of contaminatedgroundwater is pumped and treated, aprocess expected to take 20 to 30 years.

(Photo: Arizona Daily Star)

August-September 1994 Arizona Water Resource 5

PITLegislation & Law

Siphon Suit Sunk

AFederal judge has ruled that theCentral Arizona Water ConservationDistrict has no standing to sue KiewetSons' over the failure of six 24-foot-diameter concrete pipes that carryCentral Arizona Project water underriverbeds. (See related story, p. 5.)The Court ruled that the lawsuit wasbarred because CAWCD was not aparty to the construction contractbetween Kiewet and the Bureau ofReclamation. CAWCD based its claimon its being a third-party beneficiaryto the contract. An appeal is possible.

Judge Goodfarb Resigns

he Gua River adjudication facesanother hurdle with the resignation ofJudge Stanley Goodfarb from the Mari-copa County Superior Court bench onAugust 31, 1994. A day earlier, theArizona Supreme Court ordered Good-farb to be suspended without pay forthe rest of his current term, which wasset to expire on December 31, 1994.Goodfarb had earlier announced hewould not seek another term after theCommission on Judicial Conductrecommended his suspension withoutpay for the remainder of his term.

In upholding the Commissionrecommendation, the Supreme Courtruled the judiciary had been harmedby Goodfarb's conduct in a 1989 trialin which he used a racial slur and inother proceedings when he used pro-fane language. Goodfarb has steadfast-ly maintained he is not a racist andthat his decisions have been unbiased.

Goodfarb has handled the complexGua River adjudication since its consol-idation in Maricopa County SuperiorCourt. Recently, he issued an opinionin which he defined subflow and deter-mined what groundwater is subject to

the adjudication. This ruling is nowbefore the Supreme Court for review.

The Supreme Court is expected toact promptly to replace Goodfarb asthe presiding judge in the Gila Riveradjudication. The complexity of theproceeding, however, may prompt thecourt to appoint Goodfarb as a protern judge. He then could continuepresiding over the adjudication.

Goodfarb's resignation is not ex-pected to cause any delays in the short-term because a number of importantjurisdictional issues including thegroundwater ruling are now before theSupreme Court for review. Some ofthe parties in the adjudication haveraised questions about whether thedisciplinary action may have affectedthe groundwater ruling and have askedthe Supreme Court to investigate.

Strategy Approved toExpedite Adjudication

Legisiative efforts are underway toexpedite the adjudication process -now going on for 15 years - by set-tling matters that otherwise wouldoccupy the special water master andthe court. In a move in this direction,the Joint Select Committee on ArizonaGeneral Stream Adjudications ap-proved, in concept, statutory changeshastening settlement of water rights forthe majority of claimants.

Proposed changes mainly affectsmall or "de minimis" water users, aclassification that includes 47,000 claim-ants or about 60 percent of the total.

Legislation is called for that would:define as de minimis users domes-

tic or other users of three acre-feet ofwater or less per year, and stockpondswith a capacity of 15 acre-feet or less;

ask the court to summarily adjudi-cate de minimis claimants withoutrequiring them to take further action;

require challengers to de minimisclaims to bear the burden of proof byclear and convincing evidence;

deem that de minimis claims arean adjudicated right, a valid beneficialuse and a vested property right;

allow claimants to be representedby persons other than attorneys;

presume valid any pre-1919 waterrights claim, unless it can be provenotherwise by clear and convincingevidence; and

give the Legislature the exclusiveauthority to determine what publictrust values, if any, are associated withwater rights.

Also, the committee heard fromorganizations suggesting other changesto the adjudication process. The Ari-zona Department of Water Resourcesrecommended including a settlementjudge who could negotiate settlements.Such a judge would provide flexibilityand quicken adjudication settlements.In contrast to a settlement judge, thespecial water master is concerned withdeciding contested points of law.

The City of Phoenix proposed thata priority of cases be set, with tribalwater claims settled first, then federaland state claims. Claims from otherusers then would be addressed. Set-tling the larger claims first might thenmake the smaller claims more readilydetermined. The committee took noaction on the recommendations.

Congress Trims WaterInstitutes Program

Congress cut fiscal year 1995 appro-priations for U.S. Geological SurveyWater Resources Research Institutes by21 percent from FY94 levels. Thefunds, which support 104(b) grantsadministered by water institutes locat-ed in each state, will be cut from ap-proximately $101,000 per institute to$80,000. The Senate's version of theInterior appropriations bill had main-tained funding at FY94 levels. TheHouse version included deeper cutsand would have replaced the state104(b) grant programs with a regional104(g) program. The conference com-mittee essentially split the differenceand kept the monies in the current104(b) program. Language in theconference calls on the U.S.G.S. to«examine ways to introduce competi-tion into the distribution of Federalfunds among Institutes beginning inFY96." (See p. 10 for details on ap-plying for 104(b) funds.)

6 Arizona Water Resource August-September 1994

Special Projects

Augmentation Grants AwardedThe Arizona Department of Water Resources, PhoenixActive Management Area (AMA) has awarded $1.1 millionfor 11 augmentation grants. (For descriptions of 17 conser-vation assistance grants awarded, see June/July 1994 A WR,p. 7.) Grants are awarded annually following a reviewprocess by the Phoenix AMA Groundwater Users AdvisoryCouncil.

Cities to Recharge WaterThe City of Mesa received $21,000 towards a feasibility

study of recharging storm water, SRP water, CAP water andeffluent in Queen Creek Wash. Monitoring wells will bedeveloped as part of hydrologic studies to evaluate impactsof an underground storage project.

The City of Surprise received $200,000 to develop andconstruct a project to recharge CAP water and effluent nearGranite Reef Dam.

The Town of Gilbert received $76,000 for drywell re-charge of treated wastewater at an existing facility. If suc-cessful, recharge initially would be about 800 AF per year,but could grow over time to as much as 10,000 AP per year.

The City of Chandler received $50,000 to augmentconstruction and operation of a recharge facility that willinject up to 3,100 AF per year of treated effluent associatedwith a new Intel plant.

Arizona State to Develop Recharge TechniquesArizona State University's Department of Civil Engi-

neering received two grants. $57,659 was awarded to devel-op an optimum recharge methodology for soil aquifer treat-ment (SAT). Another $56,797 will be used study waterquality transformations from recharge of high-quality treatedeffluent and CAP water at the Scottsdale Water Campus.The goal is to better understand the need to blend or treatsource waters for recharge.

Arizona State University's Center for EnvironmentalStudies received $30,910 for a feasibility study to help devel-op criteria for releasing Lake Pleasant water from behindNew Waddell Dam. Arizona Department of Water Resourc-es also may provide hydrologic services to assist in the effort.The project proposes to test the feasibility of using the AguaFria riverbed to recharge groundwater while enhancingriparian wildlife habitat.

A fourth grant of $88,364 awarded to Arizona StateUniversity will help fund a novel recharge project - a pota-ble aquatic plant filtration system mounted on a flatbedtruck. Water will be pumped from SRP canals through thesystem and then recharged into SRP wells.

Wetlands to be Used for RechargeThree grants totalling half the total funds awarded are to

investigate methods of using wetlands to recharge water.The City of Phoenix received $150,000 towards testing thecapability of constructed wetlands to treat effluent from the91st Avenue wastewater plant to meet National PollutantDischarge Elimination System (NPDES) permit require-ments. A successful test would be followed by developmentof design and operating criteria for a full-scale wetland.Phoenix believes that a $50 million constructed wetlandsproject might eliminate the need for $368 million in up-grades to the facility. (See related story, p. 4.)

At a more modest level, the City of Avondale received$10,000 towards purchase of wetland plant material for aproject that will recharge up to 10,000 AF over the next twoyears.

The largest single grant was awarded to University ofArizona researchers who will receive $392,180 to construct awetland system to treat dairy wastewater. The treated efflu-ent then will be recharged or used by the facility.

The planned wetland basically is to be a polishing facili-ty, to further treat water already processed by the dairy'spresent water treatment procedure. The water quality willbe monitored to determine improvement and the potentialof the water to be recharged or re-used by the dairy facility.The quality of the water and the dairy's water uses andneeds will determine the eventual use of the treated water.

The wetland will contain several herbaceous plant speciesin parallel systems. This will be a working wetland, notdesigned specifically for recreational uses, although it isexpected to provide habitat for animals.

This project is important to the dairy industry and thepeople of Arizona because of increasingly strict environmen-tal regulations; water conservation requirements that are dueto take effect in the year 2000; the lack of cost-effectivetreatment alternatives; and the size and importance of thegrowing dairy industry in Arizona.

The wetland facility is intended as a demonstrationproject to acquaint the dairy industry with options forincreasing water use efficiency. As a result, education andoutreach are included as major project activities. The two-year project will be built by the end of the year at a dairywith approximately 1,000 milk cows, to be selected inMaricopa County.

Details on 1994, 1995 Phoenix AMAAugmentation Programs

For more information on these grants, call Marjie Riskor Jim Hoiway at ADWR, Phoenix AMA, 602-417-2465.

(For information on how to apply for an augmentationgrant in the upcoming funding cycle, see Announcements,p. 10.)

August-September 1994 Arizona Water Resource 7

Publications

The following four US. Geological Survey (USGS) publicationsare available for inspection at USGS offices in Flagstaff Tempe,Tucson and Yuma, and may be purchased from USGS, EarthSciences and Information Center, Open-File Reports Section,P.O. Box 25286, MS 517, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225.

Simulation of Ground-Water Flow and Potential LandSubsidence, Upper Santa Cruz Basin, ArizonaR.T. Hanson and J.F. Benedict. This report suggests thatwithout artificial recharge, Central Arizona Project wateruse, and reduced pumping rates, the land surface in theupper Santa Cruz basin will continue to subside as long asground-water withdrawals continue at 1986 pumping levels.The report describes the simulation of ground-water flowfrom pre-development, 1940 conditions through 1986, andinto the future for projected land subsidence to 2025. Investi-gations Report No. 93-4196; Open-File Report No. 93-174;microfiche $4; paper copy $8.

Isotopic Compositions and Sources of Nitrate in GroundWater from Western Salt River Valley, ArizonaD.J. Gellenbeck. In this report, sources of high nitrateconcentrations in ground water in western Salt River Valleynear Phoenix are identified using isotopic and chemicaltechniques. The report identifies four possible sources ofnitrate: dairies and feedlots, sewage treatment plants, naturalsources, and agricuhural activities. Some standard scientificapproaches and new isotopic applications were successfulidentifiers of some man-made nitrate sources. Report No.94-4063. microfiche $4; paper copy $9.

Hydrogeology and Hydrologic System of Pinal CreekBasin, Gila County, ArizonaChris C. Neaville and James G. Brown. This study reportsthat acidic water in a mining district near Globe, AZ hascontaminated a stream and alluvial aquifer with metals. Thereport describes hydrogeologic setting of the contaminatedareas and describes the stream and aquifer system throughwhich the contaminants have been moving. Report No. 93-4212; microfiche $4; paper copy $11.

Potential Flood Hazards and Hydraulic Characteristics ofDistributary-Flow Areas in Maricopa County, ArizonaH.W. Hjalmarson. This study finds that the current methodbeing used to define flood hazards in distributary flow areasis inappropriate. The study offers alternative methods todefine relative flood hazards in distributary flow regionsusing morphologic features such as the presence of developedsoils and the absence of saguaro cactus in the potential floodarea. Report No. 93-4169; microfiche $4; paper copy $9.25.

Arizona Water Resource August-September 1994

Analysis of Central Arizona Angler Opportunity andBenefits Gained By Installing Artificial Habitat in Sagua-ro Lake, Based on Adaptation of the ComprehensiveManagement Planning Model, RIOFISHRichard Cole et al. New Mexico State University research-ers modified and applied RIOFISH, the New Mexico fisheryplanning model, to Saguaro Lake near Phoenix, where artifi-cial cover for sport fish was introduced into the littoralwaters of the lake. Their results call RIOFISH model bene-fit/costs into question.

Free copies are available from the Water ResourcesResearch Institute, Box 30001/Dept. 3167, Las Cruces, NM88003; 505-646-1813.

Water Banking in the WestLarry MacDonnell, Charles Howe, Kathleen Miller, TeresaRice, Sarah Bates. This report provides a detailed evaluationof water banking experiences in Idaho, California and Texasand of the recharging of aquifers as a means of bankingwater. It includes a recommended framework for suchbanks. Copies are available from the Natural Resource LawCenter, University of Colorado School of Law, Campus Box401, Boulder, CO 80309-0410.

Bridging Borders: A Cross-Border ExchangeVideo and audio tapes from the "Bridging Borders" confer-ence held in Puerto Peñasco in January are available. Theconference marked the establishment of the InternationalSonoran Desert Alliance, an organization of area residentsdedicated to protect and promote the border region. Partici-pants of the conference devised a plan of action for thealliance.

For a list of available video and audio tapes contact theInternational Sonoran Desert Alliance, c/o Sonoran Institute,6842 E. Tanque Verde Rd., Suite D, Tucson, AZ 85715;Phone: 602-290-0828; FAX: 602-290-0969.

National Water Summary 1990-91 - Hydrologic Eventsand Stream Water QualityThis document is the seventh in a series of reports describingconditions, trends, availability, quality, and use of U.S. waterresources. It discusses surface water resources by assemblinginformation on water quality conditions and determiningwater-quality trends during the past decade. The presentvolume is particularly timely because Congress is consideringreauthorization of the Clean Water Act. The document isfor sale by the U.S. Printing Office, Superintendent of Docu-ments, M.S. SSOP, Washington, D.C. 20402-9328.

Geographic Information Systems and Water ResourcesJohn M. Harlin and Kenneth J. Lanfear, Editors. Theseproceedings describe for managers, educators, and scientiststhe most recent applications of Geographic InformationSystems technology to the field of water resources. Orderfrom American Water Resources Association, 5410 Grosven-or Lane, Suite 220, Bethesda, MD 20814-2192; 301-493-8600;$76 for AWRA members, $95 for non-members.

TransitionsTorn McLean has left Tucson Water where he served asAssistant Director for Planning & Technical Services and theEngineering Divisions to accept a senior position withCH2M-Hil's Phoenix office. McLean joined Tucson Waterin November 1974. He was promoted from administratorfor Planning and Technical Services Division to assistantdirector in September 1991.

McLean's departure continues a near-total turnover oftop administrative posìtions at Tucson Water that began ayear ago with the announced retirement of then-directorMike Tubbs. Turmoil resulting from as-yet unsuccessfulefforts to fully integrate treated CAP water into the potablesystem and a reorganization suggested by a managementstudy have resulted in six top managerial positions currentlybeing vacant.

In addition, the loss of five persons in the water qualitylab has forced Tucson to bring in the consulting firm ofMontgomery-Watson to manage the lab and supply supple-mental technical people until permanent replacements arerecruited.

A total of 55 vacancies exist at the utility. The recruit-ing process is well under way for the majority of the keypositions, most of which are slated to be filled by the end ofthe year.

Larry MacDonnell, founding director of the Natural Re-sources Law Center at the University of Colorado, has leftto form his own firm. The Center is known for its activeprogram in natural resources issues and in particular for itshighly popular water conferences held each June in Boulder.A nation-wide search is underway for a successor.

The Phoenix Active Management Area's Groundwater UsersAdvisory Committee has a new member. John Williams,Jr., Vice President of the Salt River Project, replaces JohnJ..assen, who recently retired as SRP president.

Pacido dos Santos was selected from 17 applicants to headDWR's new Santa Cruz Active Management Area (AMA).Dos Santos has served with the Tucson AMA for eightyears, including considerable work in the southern part ofthe Tucson AMA that now comprises the Santa Cruz AMA.The new AMA office has a staff of two, including LisaJackson, also currently at the Tucson AMA, and a clericalposition to be filled. The new Santa Cruz AMA currently isbeing run out of the Tucson AMA office while an office isestablished in Nogales.

Gray Wilson of the University of Arizona's Department ofHydrology and Water Resources retired in July. Grayreceived his Ph.D. from the University of California atDavis in 1962. Sol Resnick, director of the UA Institute forWater Utilization, hired Gray to begin work in July 1962.The institute later evolved into the Water Resources Re-search Center. In 1988, Gray transferred to the UA Depart-ment of Hydrology and Water Resources.

Gray's research specialties include artificial groundwaterrecharge and vadose zone monitoring. He currently iscompleting work as a senior editor on a book on vadosezone characteristics and monitoring and also will be assistingthe hydrology department with a thesis workshop studyingthe Cienega Creek watershed.

W. Don Maughan, former Arizona Assistant State WaterEngineer and Chief Deputy Director of the Arizona Depart-ment of Water Resources, passed away in September. Hewas 72. His career spanned half a century, from aviationengineering during World War II to stints with the UtahState Water and Power Board and Bureau of Reclamation inthe late 40s and 50s, to several positions in California, in-cluding chairman of the State Water Resources ControlBoard under four governors.

Maughan's affiliations have included membership withthe Western States Water Council, the Colorado River BasinSalinity Control Forum, Committee of 14 with the Interna-tional Boundary and Water Commission, the National Gov-ernors Association Subcommittee on Federal Water Policy,and several EPA task forces.

Maughan came to Arizona in 1979, where he was veryinfluential in ADWR's early years, developing policies still ineffect. He retired from ADWR in 1985. Returning toSacramento, he served on the California State Water Boarduntil 1992.

Arizona Water Resource is financed in part bysponsoring agencies, induding:

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality

Arizona Department of Water Resources

Arizona Municipal Water Users Association

Central Arizona Water Conservation District

Salt River Project

Tucson Water

USGS Water Resources Division

Water Utilities Association of Arizona

Their contributions help make continued publica-tion of this newsletter possible.

August-September 1994 Arizona Water Resource 9

Announcements

Water Research Letters ofIntent Invited

he Arizona Water Resources Research Center (WRRC) isaccepting letters of intent to submit proposals from research-ers in any of the social, biological, physical, engineering, andmanagement sciences at the state's three universities. Thefederal Water Resources Research Act, Section 104(b) pro-gram provides money to the WRRC to fund small researchprojects on water-related issues of critical importance to thestate and region. Multi-disciplinary projects and projectsinvolving investigators from more than one university maybe given some preference, as will projects involving anyaspect of riparian and wetlands issues. Other research topicsoffered as suggestions to researchers include conjunctivemanagement, water quality, conservation, institutional inno-vation and conflict resolution. Letters of intent not exceed-ing two pages must be submitted by October 31 to: WRRC,350 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719, Attn: MaryWallace. Direct questions to Mary Wallace at 602-792-9591.

Call for Recharge Papers

he Role of Recharge in Integrated Water Management,"the 7th Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwaterwill be held on May 17-19, 1994 in Scottsdale. Invited andcontributed papers will be presented on water reuse andquality, operations, water management, and projects. Thedeadline for submitting abstracts is November 22. For moreinformation on conference registration and abstract submis-sion contact the Technical Committee, 1995 ARGS, WaterResources Research Center, The University of Arizona, 350N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721; 602-792-9591.

Resnick InternshipApplications Sought

The University of Arizona's Water Resources ResearchCenter and the Office of the Special Master, Arizona Gener-al Stream Adjudication, are offering graduate research assist-antships for 1995. Three students will be selected, one eachfor the spring, summer, and fall semesters. Spring and fallinternships aré 16 weeks, 30 hours per week; the summerinternship is 12 weeks, full-time. Interns work out of theSpecial Master's office in Phoenix, with some in-state travel.

These paid internships are open to graduate and lawstudents at the University of Arizona, Arizona State Univer-sity and Northern Arizona University. Applicants should

be familiar with water resource management issues and havedemonstrated research and writing abilities. Students withexperience and coursework in the hydrologic and/or envi-ronmental science disciplines, public administration, politicalscience, natural resources management and law or relatedfields will be considered. To apply, submit a letter of appli-cation accompanied by a detailed resume and three referencesby October 31, 1994, to Mary G. Wallace, Water ResourcesResearch Center, 350 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson AZ 85719.

Phoenix AMA Seeks Augmentation,Conservation Proposals

The Phoenix Active Management Area of the ArizonaDept. of Water Resources is accepting applications for the1995 Augmentation and Conservation Assistance GrantProgram. Approximately $2 million is available to fundprojects aimed at supplementing the water supply of theAMA or assisting water users within the Phoenix AMA toreduce water consumption. Application deadline is Novem-ber 15, with selection of grants to be complete by April1995. Contact Alan Fehrman, Coordinator, Augmentationand Conservation Assistance Grants, 602-542-1512.

Tucson AMA SeeksAugmentation Proposals

The Tucson Active Management Area of the ArizonaDept. of Water Resources is accepting applications for the1995 Augmentation and Reuse Grant Program. Approxi-mately $600,000 is available to fund projects aimed at devel-oping addìtional water supplies and maximizing the use ofrenewable supplies. Projects involving underground storageof effluent will be considered; projects involving direct utili-zation of effluent may apply for conservation assistancefunds at a later date. Application deadline is December 2(not November 4 as previously announced), with successfulapplicants being notified by February 1995. Contact PatSpeyer at the Tucson AMA office at 602-628-6758.

AWRA Symposium to Address WaterQuality Initiatives

The 15th Annual Symposium of the Arizona Section,American Water Resources Association will focus on «Na-tional and Regional Initiatives: Impacts on Arizona's WaterQuality." Keynote speaker is John Bernal, U.S. Commis-sioner, International Border and Water Commission. TheSymposium will take place Friday, October 28, at the Quali-ty Inn, 1601 N. Oracle, Tucson, AZ. Registration fees are$35, $10 for students, plus $11 for the luncheon. ContactVirginia Welford, AZ Dept. of Water Resources, 400 W.Congress, Ste. 518, Tucson, AZ 85701; 602-628-6758.

10 Arizona Water Resource August-September 1994

August-September 1994

RECURRING

Arizona Hydrological Society. 2nd Tuesday of the month,7:30 p.m. "Environmental Injustice: Causes and Cures."Meetings held at WRRC, 350 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson.Contact: Laurie Wirt 602-670-6231.

Arizona Water Resources Advisory Board. No Oct. meet-ing; Nov. meeting to be announced. Contact: BeverlyBeddow 602-542-1553.

Casa Del Agua. Hourly tours, Sundays noon to 4:00 p.m.,4366 North Stanley, Tucson. Contact: 602-791-4331.

Central Arizona Water Conservation District, ist Thurs-day of the month, 12:30 p.m. CAP Board Room, 23636 N.7th St., Phoenix. Contact: 602-870-2333.

City of Tucson Citizens Water Advisory Committee. istTuesday of the month, 7:00 a.m. 310 W. Alameda, Tucson.Contact: Karen Alf 602-791-2666.

Phoenix AMA, GUAC. Joint meeting in Tucson. See"Upcoming" calendar, Nov. 14.

Pinia Association of Governments / Water Quality Sub-committee. Oct 20, 9:30 a.m. 177 N. Church St., Suite 205,Tucson. Contact: Gail Kushner 602-792-1093.

Pima County Flood Control District. 3rd Wednesday ofthe month. Nov. 19, 7:30-9:30 a.m. 201 N. Stone St., Tuc-son. Contact: Carla Danforth 602-740-6350.

Pinal AMA, GUAC. Joint meeting in Tucson. See "Up-coming" calendar, Nov. 14.

Prescott AMA, GUAC. Joint meeting in Tucson. See "Up-coming" calendar, Nov. 14.

Tucson AMA, GUAC. Joint meeting in Tucson. See "Up-coming" calendar, Nov. 14.

Verde Watershed Association. Nov. 7th, 7:00 p.m., CampVerde Town Council Chambers, corner of Main Street andLane Street. Contact: Tom Bonomo, VWA NewsletterEditor, do Verde R.D., P.O. Box 670, Camp Verde, 602-567-4121.

Yavapai County Flood Control District. 2nd Monday ofthe month in Prescott, 255 E. Gurley St.; 4th Monday of themonth in Camp Verde, Yavapai County Justice Facility.Contact: YCFCD, 255 E. Gurley St., Prescott, 86301. 602-771-3196.

Arizona Water Resource 11

Calendar of Events J<J

UPCOMING 9'

Oct. 20, Symposium on Animal Impacts on Water Quali-ty. UC-Irvine. Symposium on the water quality impacts ofanimal agriculture. Registration is $75. Call 916-752-2320.

Oct. 21, OSHA Refresher Training. Sponsored by theArizona Hydrology Society Tucson Chapter. 8:00-5:00 p.m.Park Inn International, 88 East Broadway, Tucson. Contact:602-881-4912.

Oct 24 City of Yuma, 18 West ist Street.; Oct 25, City ofFlagstaff, 245 N. Thorpe Rd.; Nov. 1, Phoenix, 3033 N.Central Ave., South Mall; Nov. 14, Tucson, Main Library,101 N. Stone Ave., 6:00-9:00 p.m. Arizona Department ofEnvironmental Quality Public Hearings. Update public onissues presented this year. Contact: 602-207-4539.

Oct. 28, AWRA AZ Section Conference on National andRegional Initiatives: Impacts on Arizona's Water Quali-ty. Quality Inn, 1601 N. Oracle, Tucson , AZ. Keynotespeaker John Bernal, IBWC. Registration is $35, $10 forstudents, plus $ il for lunch. Contact Virginia Welford, AZDept. of Water Resources, 400 W. Congress, Ste. 518, Tuc-son, AZ 85701; 602-628-6758.

Nov. 6-10, American Water Resources Association Confer-ence. Chicago, Illinois. Featuring a National Symposiumon Water Quality. Contact AWRA, 5410 Grosvenor Lane,Suite 220, Bethesda, MD 20814-2192; 301-493-8600.

Nov. 9-ii, Colorado River Water Users Association's 1994Conference. Mirage Hotel, Las Vegas, NV. ContactCRWUA, P.O. Box 1058, Coachella, CA 92236; 619-398-2651.

Nov. 14, Joint Groundwater Users Advisory CouncilMeeting. Includes Phoenix, Pinal, Prescott, and TucsonAMA, GUAC. 8:30-2:30 p.m. Ironwood Gallery, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, 2021 N. Kinney Rd., Tucson. Con-tact: Teresa Klinger, 602-628-6758.

Nov. 18, Arizona Rural Water Association's AutumnMeeting and Conference. 9:00-4:00 p.m., Swiss Village,Payson, AZ. Topics include legislation for expediting adjudi-cations and creating a Colorado River water bank, CAPexchanges, and wastewater reuse for rural communities.Advanced registration encouraged. Contact ARWA, 2600 N.Central Ave., Ste. 630, Phoenix, AZ 85004; 602-230-7771.

Dec. 7-8, Riparian Management: Diverse Values - SeekingCommon Ground. Contact Terry Tindall, University ofIdaho, Boise ID, (208) 736-3600.

12 Arizona Water Resource

Announcements, continued from page 10

Navajos Seek Hydrologist

he Navajo Nation's Department of Water ResourcesManagement is seeking a surface water hydrologist to deter-mine watershed characteristics, route flows through reser-voirs and stream channels, develop surface water database,evaluate hydrologic models, review technical reports andmonitor contractors dealing with water related litigation, andassist in developing water resource management policies.Applicants should have a B.S. in hydrology or civil engineer-ing and three years experience, or an equivalent combinationof experience and education. Experience with surface watercomputer modeling and ARC/INFO GIS preferred. Appli-cations should be sent to The Navajo Nation, Department ofPersonnel Management, P.O. Box 308, Window Rock, AZ86515, 602-871-6330. The position will remain open untilfilled. For more information, contact Mike Foley or MikeJohnson at 602-729-4004.

Water Conflicts Subject of ColoradoRiver Water Users Meeting

The Colorado River Water Users Association's 1994 con-ference will address urban, agricultural and environmentalconflicts, the "Nevada water solution,» and "the workings ofthe seven-day process." The conference will be held Novem-ber 9-11 at the Mirage Hotel, Las Vegas. For more informa-tion, contact CRWUA at P.O. Box 1058, Coachella, CA92236, 619-398-2651.

ARIZONA WkTERRESOURCE

THE UNIVERSITY OF

ARIZONATUCSON ARIZONA

The University of ArizonaWater Resources Research CenterTucson, Arizona 85721

Address Correction Requested

f'Recycled paper Recyclable paper

August-September 1994

ADWR Phoenix Office Relocates,Phone Numbers Change

The Arizona Department of Water Resources is moving itsPhoenix offices. As of Monday, October 17, ADWR's mainoffice and Phoenix AMA office will be located at 500 N.Third Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004-3903. (Water groupieswill recognize this as the building that used to houseAMWUA.)

The move will result in all new phone numbers for theDepartment. Some key numbers are listed below:

Office locations and phone numbers are unchanged for theTucson, Pinal and Prescott Active Management Area offices.

NON-PROFIT ORG.US POSTAGE

PAIDTUCSON, ARIZONA

PERMIT NO. 190

Adjudications 417-2442Administration 417-2450Colorado River Management 417-2442Deputy Directors, Engineering/Water Mgt 417-2440Director's Office 417-2410Engineering 417-2445Hydrology 417-2448Legal Division 417-2420MIS Division 417-2452Operations 417-2470Phoenix Active Management Area 417-2465Program Management 417-2460

General Information 417-2400Public Information. 417-2440Fax 417-2401