Upload
others
View
10
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Bilingual Dictionaryfor ESL Beginners
English/KoreanA
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The work on this production was supported by a large number ofESL teachers who assisted in the choice of lexicon.
© 2001 New South Wales Department of Education and TrainingStudent Services and Equity Programs, Multicultural Programs Unit,Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010
Phone 9244 5764 or 9244 5324
RESTRICTED WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT
The printed material in this publication is subject to a restricted waiverof copyright to allow the purchaser to make photocopies of thematerial contained in the publication for use within schools orinstitutes subject to the conditions below.
1. All copies of the printed material shall be made withoutalteration or abridgement and must retain acknowledgement ofthe copyright.
2. The school or college shall not sell, hire or otherwise deriverevenue from copies of the material, nor distribute copies of thematerial for any other purpose.
3. The restricted waiver of copyright is not transferable and may bewithdrawn in the case of the breach of any of these conditions.
ISBN No: 0 7310 77539
Contents
Introduction i
How to use the dictionary ii
Dictionary 1
Appendices
1. Numerals and ordinals 80
2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81
3. Common irregular verbs 82
4. Times 84
5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85
6. Weights and measures 85
Bibliography 85
Introduction
The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developedfor use by students in the early stages of learning English as asecond language.
The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the mostcommon words that students use in everyday communicationand in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for furtherlanguage acquisition.
The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes intoconsideration the Australian culture and way of life includingfrequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It isexpected that students will use this publication as a referencepoint for the first 12 to 18 months of English languageacquisition.
A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESLBeginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. Itcontains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be foundwith their translations in this volume.
The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use atschool and at home to support English language acquisition.
The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice oflexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation hashelped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resourcesuited to the needs of beginner ESL students.
i
How to use this dictionary
Notes for the teacher
The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold,definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning.You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.
Page Header
The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the pagecontents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.
Example from page 1:
a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.
The Headword
The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and isalphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) andare numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing theheadword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.
Example from page 4:
Headword Translationpart of backspeechn Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with
the meaning body partadv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb
with the meaning opposite frontphrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full
Example from page 31:
Headword Translationpart of helpspeechn Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with
the meaning aidphrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with
(serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself colloq 3. I can't help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can't help it is phr no control over it) translated in full with the meaning I have no
control over it
Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage themeaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.
Example from page 2:
Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun
with the meaning mathematical usage
Abbreviations
Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and arenot translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.
ii
Example from page 4:
Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry
barbecue
Common present and past tense verb forms
Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of thedictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. Theseare not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.
Examples from page 2:
Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry
beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry
be
Appendices
Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:
1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.
These appendices have not been translated.
Parts of speech
Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in thedictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviationsused is shown below.
Abbreviations used in this dictionary
Abbreviation Meaning
abbrev abbreviationadj adjective
adv adverb
colloq colloquialism
colloq phr colloquial phrase
conj conjunction
det determiner
int interjection
n noun
phr v phrasal verb
prep preposition
pron pronoun
prt v present tense verb form
pt v past tense verb form
v verb
iii
a – afterwards
Adet a/ann ability
ablev 1. be able to adj 2. talentedn Aboriginal person
aboutadv 1. approximatelyprep 2. concerning
aboveprep 1. overphrase 2. the example aboveadj absentadv absolutelyn accentv acceptadj acceptablen accidentadj accidentalv accompanyn accountv achev achieven achievementprep acrossv actn activityn actorv addn additionn addressn adjective
admitv 1. tell the truth about
v 2. allow to enter
v adopt (take on)
n adultn advantagen adventuren adverbn advicen aerobicsn aeroplanev affordadj afraidprep aftern afternoonadv afterwards
1
again – argue
adv again (one more time)
againstprep 1. next to
prep 2. antin ageadv agov agree
aidn 1. help
v 2. help
v aim (try)
n airn airportadj all (every)
v allowadv aloneadv aloudn alphabetadv alreadyadv also (too)
conj althoughadv altogetheradv alwaysprt v am *see be n ambulancen amountn amphibianv analyse (study)
conj andn angle (mathematical usage)
adj angryn animaln ankleadj annual
answern 1. reply
v 2. reply
adj anyadv anymorepron anyonepron anythingadv apart (separate)
n apologyv appear (come into view)
n applen appointmentprt v are *see be n areav argue
2
argument – autumn
n argumentv arisen arm (part of body)
n armyprep around
arrangev 1. put in order
v 2. make plans
v arrest (take into custody)
v arriven arrown artn artistadv as (to such a degree)
n ashadj ashamedv askv assemblen assemblyn assignment (for school)
v assistn assistantprep atpt v ate *see eat n athleticsphrase athletics carnivaln atomv attach
attackn 1. fight
v 2. fight
attemptn 1. try
v 2. try
v attendn attendancen attentionv attractadj attractiven auntabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia adj Australian n Australian flagn Australianan authorn autumn
3
average – basketball
averagen 1. arithmetical mean
adj 2. ordinary
v avoidadj awakeadv awayprep away fromadj awfulpt v awoke *see awaken axe
Bn baby
backn 1. body part
adv 2. opposite front
phrase 3. give it back
n backbonen backgroundn backpackn backyardadj badn badmintonn bagv bakev balancen balconyadj bald
balln 1. toy
colloq phr 2. have a ball (good time)
n balloonn bananan band (music group)
n banglen bank
barn 1. place to drink
v 2. stop from somethingn 3. metal rod
n barbecue abbrev barbie *see barbecueadj baren barriern base (bottom)
n basin (wash)
n basketn basketball
4
basketball court – bid
n basketball courtbat
n 1. sporting equipment
n 2. animal
n bathn bathroomn battlen bay (inlet)
abbrev BBQ *see barbecuev ben beachn beach toweln beach umbrellan beak
beam n 1. ray of light
n 2. wooden plank
n beann beard
beatv 1. win
v 2. hit
n 3. rhythm
adj beautifulpt v became *see becomeconj becausev becomen bedn bedroomn been beefpt v began *see beginv beginn beginnerv behaven behaviourprep behindn bellv belongn beltn benchv bendpt v bent *see bendadj bestv betadj betterprep betweenn bicyclev bid
5
big – boat
adj bigabbrev bike *see bicycle
billn 1. money
n 2. accountn 3. of a bird
n birdbirth
n 1. act of being born
phrase 2. date of birth
n birthdayn biscuit
bitn 1. small piece
phrase 2. a little bitpt v 3. *see bite
v biteadj black (colour)
n blackboardn blade
blamen 1. censure
v 2. lay responsibility with
adj blankn blanketv bleedpt v blew *see blow
blindadj 1. unable to see
n 2. window covering
n blindnessblock
n 1. child's toy
v 2. stop from doing somethingphrase 3. a block away
phrase 4. block of flats
adj blondn bloodadj bloody
blown 1. hit
v 2. pertaining to windphr v 3. blow up
blueadj 1. colour
colloq 2. sad
n board (stiff material)
n board gamen boat
6
body – break
n bodyv boil
boldadj 1. as typeface
adj 2. daring
n bombn bonen bookn bookshelfn boomerang
bootn 1. of car
n 2. footwear
bordern 1. as of country, state
n 2. edge
adj boredadj boringv borrow
bossn 1. person in charge
v 2. tell what to do
adj bothv bothern bottle
bottomn 1. body part
n 2. lower edge
pt v bought *see buyv bouncen bowln boxn boyabbrev bra *see brassieren brain
branchn 1. of tree
v 2. separate
n brassiereadj braveadv bravelyn breadn breadth
breakn 1. pause
v 2. opposite of fixphr v 3. break down (as in car)phr v 4. break down (as health)
7
breakfast – bus stop
phr v 5. break in (as housebreak)
phr v 6. break up (for holidays)n breakfastn breathv breathev breedn brickn bridge
brightadj 1. shiny
adj 2. clever
v brightenadj brilliantv bringadj broadn broccolipt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless)
phrase broken armn brotherpt v brought *see bringn brushn bucketv buildpt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light)n bullet
bullyn 1. person who harasses others
v 2. harass
bunchn 1. group
phrase 2. bunch of flowers
burnn 1. injury caused by fire
v 2. be on fire
v burstv buryn bus
bushn 1. outback
n 2. small tree
businessn 1. company
colloq phr 2. mind your own business
n bus stop
8
bust – cardboard
bustcolloq 1. breakn 2. female body part
adj busyconj butn butchern buttonv buyprep by
Cn cabbagen cablen cafen cagen cakev calculaten calculatorn calendar
callv 1. name
n 2. as for phonephr v 3. call for phr v 4. call offphr v 5. call out
calmadj 1. peacefulphr v 2. calm down
pt v came *see comen camerav camp
canv 1. able to
n 2. steel container
n candlen canteen (tuck shop)
capn 1. headwear
n 2. top
capitaln 1. important location
phrase 2. capital letter
n capsicumn capsulen captainn carn cardn cardboard
9
care – chalk
v careadj carefuladv carefullyn carnivaln carrot
carryv 1. take
phr v 2. carry on (keep going)
casen 1. bag
phrase 2. just in case
n cashcassette
phrase 1. audio cassette
phrase 2. video cassette
castn 1. of a play
v 2. thrown castleadj casualn cat
catchphrase 1. catch a train
phrase 2. catch a coldcolloq phr 3. catch on (understand)phr v 4. catch up (reach)
pt v caught *see catchcause
n 1. reason
v 2. make happen
n caveabbrev CD *see compact discn ceilingn celln centadj central
central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer
abbrev 2. CPU
n centren centuryn cerealn ceremonyadj certainadv certainlyn chain (jewellery)
n chairn chalk
10
chance – cigarette
n chancechange
n 1. money
v 2. alterphrase 3. change one's mindphrase 4. change clothes
adj changeablen change roomn channeln chaptern character (literary)
chargen 1. cost
v 2. as for batteryphr v 3. in charge
v chaseadj cheapv cheatv checkn cheek (body part)
colloq cheeky (naughty)
cheerv 1. make happy
n 2. sound expressing enthusiasm
n chemistn chequen cherryn chessn chestn chewing gum
chickenn 1. animal
colloq 2. not brave
n childadj childishn chin
chipsn 1. hot variety
n 2. cold crisps
n chocolaten choirv choose
chopn 1. meat cut
v 2. cut
pt v chose *see choosen churchn cigarette
11
cinema – coin
n cineman circleadj circularn circumferencen city
claimn 1. assertion
v 2. assert
clapn 1. loud noise
v 2. show appreciation
n class (group of students)
n classmaten classroomphrase classroom blockn clawn clay
cleanv 1. remove dirt
adj 2. opposite dirty
adj clearadj clevern cliffv climbv clingn clock
closev 1. shut
adj 2. near
adj closedn clothn clothesn clothes linen clothingn cloudadj cloudy
clubn 1. group of people
n 2. implement
n cluen coaln coastadj coastaln coatn cockatoon coconutn coffeen coin
12
cold – concern
coldn 1. illness
adj 2. opposite hot
adj cold-bloodedn collarv collectn collectionn college
colourn 1. hue
v 2. make colourful
adj colourfulcomb
n 1. hair accessory
v 2. do one's hair
comev 1. move towards
phr v 2. come fromphr v 3. come out (as in sun)colloq phr 4. Come on! (Let's go.)
adj comfortablen comicn comic stripv commandadj commonn commonsensen communicationn communityn compact discn company (business)
v comparen compassn compasses (geometry
equipment)
v competen competitionv complainn complaint
completev 1. finish
adj 2. finished
v complicateadj complicatedn complicationn composern compositionn computern concern
13
concerned – couple
adj concernedn concertn conditionn cone (geometrical shape)
v confusev congratulatev connectn connectionadj consciousv considerphr v consist ofn consonantv containn containern contents (as of a book)
v continuecontrast
n 1. difference
v 2. find differences
v controln conversation
convictn 1. person convicted of a crime
v 2. find guilty of a crime
v cookcool
adj 1. opposite warmcolloq 2. trendy
copyn 1. imitation
v 2. imitate
n cornercorrect
v 1. make right
adj 2. right
n corridorv costn cottonn cotton wool
coughn 1. the act or sound of coughing
v 2. expel air from the lungs
n counciln counsellor
countryn 1. political division
n 2. opposite city
n couple
14
courage – crush
n courageadj courageous
coursen 1. set of lessons
n 2. way to gophrase 3. of course (naturally)
n court (as tennis court)
n cousincover
n 1. outside of a book
v 2. put cover on somethingn cowardn crabv crack
craftn 1. vessel
n 2. handiwork
crashn 1. collision
v 2. shatter
adj crazyn creaturen creekv creepn crescent (shape)
cricketn 1. insect
n 2. sport
criminaln 1. person who commits crime
adj 2. against the law
n crocodileadj crookedn crops
crossn 1. a symbol of two
intersecting linesadj 2. angryv 3. move from one side to anotherphr v 4. cross out (delete)
n crosswordn crowdadj crowdedadj cruel
crushv 1. flatten
colloq 2. a liking for someone
15
cry – darkness
cryn 1. loud utterance
v 2. weep
n cuben cucumbern cupboardv cureadj curious
curln 1. ringlet of hair
v 2. form curls
n currency (money)
currentadj 1. topical
n 2. moving water
n curtainn curven customn customerv cutadj cute
cyclev 1. ride
n 2. circular event
n cylinder
Dabbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily
damagen 1. injury
v 2. cause injury
adj dampn damper (type of bread)
dancen 1. social gathering for dancing
v 2. rhythmical movement
n dangeradj dangerousadj daring
darkadj 1. opposite light
adj 2. opposite fair
n darkness
16
date – dependable
daten 1. calendar
n 2. fruit
n daughtern dayadj deadadj deaf
dealn 1. amount
v 2. give out
n deathn debt
decayn 1. decomposition
v 2. rot
v deceivev deciden decimaln decisionn deck (of house)
v declaredecrease
n 1. diminution
v 2. become smaller in number
adj deepdefeat
n 1. loss
v 2. beat
v definedegree
n 1. of temperature
n 2. amount
delayn 1. hold up
v 2. put off till later
abbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessenn delightadj delightfulv deliver
demandn 1. urgent requirement
v 2. ask for with authority
v demonstraten demonstrationn dentistv dependadj dependable
17
dependant – discussion
adj dependantn depthv descendv describen description
desertn 1. hot, dry place
v 2. leave
v deservedesire
n 1. longingv 2. wish for
n deskv destroyn destruction
detailn 1. minute part
v 2. describe fully
n detectiven detention (pertaining to
school)v dialn diameter
diamondn 1. precious stone
adj 2. shape
n diaryn dictionarypt v did *see don didgeridoov dien dietadj differentadj difficultv dign dingon dinnern dinosaurn directionn dirtadj dirtyv disagreen disagreementn disc (round, flat object)
n discov discovern discoveryv discussn discussion
18
disease – drop
n diseasen dishn dishwasher (appliance)
n disk (of computers)
n disk drivev dislikev dismissn distancev disturbv divev dividen divisionv divorce
dov 1. perform
phrase 2. What does she do? (what's her job?)
phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting)
n doctorn documentn dogn dollarn doorv double
doubtn 1. uncertainty
v 2. hesitate to believe
v dragn dragonpt v drank *see drinkv drawn drawer
dreamn 1. images during sleepv 2. imagine
pt v dreamt *see dreamdress
n 1. woman's clothing
v 2. to put on clothing
pt v drew *see drawdrink
n 1. beverage
v 2. swallow liquid
v driven driveway
dropn 1. small amount of water
v 2. let fall
19
drought – email
n droughtpt v drove *see drivev drownn drugn drumn drunk (person who drinks
too much alcohol)
adj drypt v dug *see digadj dumbprep during
dustn 1. dirt
v 2. clean of dirt
n dustern duty (something you must do)
En eaglen earadj earlyv earnn earringn earthn eastadj easyv eatn echidnan edgev editn educationn effectn effortn eggadj eithern elasticn elbow
elderadj 1. older than
n 2. older person
n electionn electriciann electricity
emailn 1. Internet letter
v 2. send an Internet letter
20
embarrass – excellent
v embarrassadj embarrassedn emergencyn emigrantn emotionv employn employeen employern employmentadj emptyn emuv encourage
endn 1. termination
v 2. finish
n enemyengaged
adj 1. busyadj 2. soon to be married
n enginev enjoyadj enormousadj enoughv enquirev enterv entertainn entertainmentn entrancen entryn envelopen environmentadj equaln equatorn equipment
escapen 1. an act of escaping
v 2. get away
adv even (divisible by two)
n eveningn eventadj everyabbrev exam *see examinationn examination
examplen 1. illustration
abbrev 2. e.g.
adj excellent
21
exchange – factory
exchangen 1. act of exchanging
v 2. give up for an equivalent
v exciteadj excitedn excitementadj excitingn excursion
excusen 1. justificationv 2. pardonint 3. Excuse me!
exercisen 1. physical work
n 2. class workn 3. exercise book
exitn 1. way out
v 2. go out
v expectadj expensive
experiencen 1. thing undergone
v 2. undergo
experimentn 1. science trial
v 2. try something
v explainn explanationv explodev explore
expressadj 1. fastv 2. say
expressionn 1. on facen 2. in words
adj extran eyen eyebrow
Fface
n 1. part of bodyphrase 2. face the frontcolloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it)n factn factory
22
fade – fence
v fadev fail
faintadj 1. not dark
v 2. become unconscious
fairadj 1. just
adj 2. light
adv fairly (quite)
n fairyv falladj falseadj familiar
familyn 1. kin
n 2. family tree
adj famousfan
n 1. great admirer
n 2. equipment to blow air
adj farn fare (cost for trip)
n farmn fashionadj fashionable
fastadv 1. quick
adv 2. forward in timev 3. go without foodv fastenadj fatn fathern faultn favouradj favouriten fax
fearn 1. feeling of impending danger
v 2. be afraid
n featherv feed
feelv 1. as emotionv 2. touch
pt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender)
n fence
23
ferry – flashing
n ferryn festivaln feveradj few
fieldn 1. where sport is played
n 2. open land
adj fiercefight
n 1. battle
v 2. engage in battle
figuren 1. number
n 2. personphr v 3. figure out (understand)
v filln filmadj finalv find
fineadj 1. not raining
adj 2. opposite thickadj 3. well (healthy)
n fingerfinish
n 1. end point
v 2. end
firev 1. cease to employ
v 2. shootn 3. something burning
n fireworksadv firstn first aid
fishn 1. water creature
v 2. catch fish
n fishing rodfit
adj 1. healthy
n 2. sizephrase 3. fit in with (match well)
v fixn flagn flamen flash (bright light)
adj flashing
24
flat – form
flatn 1. dwelling
adj 2. shape
n flavourpt v flew *see flyn flightv floatn flood
floorn 1. part of a roomn 2. level of a building
n floppy diskv flown flowerabbrev flu *see influenza
flyn 1. insect
v 2. move through the air
n fog (weather condition)
adj foggy v foldn folderv follown fontn foodn fooladj foolish n footn footballn footwear
forphrase 1. for usphrase 2. for NSW phrase 3. for $5
forcen 1. strength
v 2. impose on
adj foreign (not native)
n foreignern forestpt v forgave *see forgivev forgetv forgivept v forgot *see forgetn fork
formn 1. paper you fill in
v 2. make
25
fortnight – funeral
n 3. shape
n fortnightadj fortunateadv fortunately
fortunen 1. large amount of money
n 2. luck
pt v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountainn fractionn frame
freeadj 1. costing nothing
adj 2. unoccupiedv 3. let go
n freedomv freezen freezer (appliance)
adj frequentadj freshabbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friendadj friendlyn frightv frighten
fromphrase 1. from Sydney
phrase 2. from my grandmotherphrase 3. from $10
frontadj 1. opposite backprep 2. in front of
n front doorn front stepsv frownpt v froze *see freezen fruit
fulladj 1. opposite empty
adj 2. not hungry
n full stop (punctuation mark)
funn 1. mirthful amusement
colloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule)
n funeral
26
funny – girl
funnyadj 1. humorous
adj 2. strange
n furn furnitureadj furthern future
Gv gamblen gamen gaol *see jailn gapn garage (of house)
n gardenn garlicn gasn gatev gatherpt v gave *see give
gayadj 1. happy
adj 2. homosexual
n gendergeneral
adj 1. usualn 2. rank in army
adv generallyn generosityadj generousadj gentle
getv 1. become
v 2. receive
v 3. possess
v 4. arrivev 5. obtainphr v 6. get on with (like)phr v 7. get out (leave)phr v 8. get together (meet)phr v 9. get up (arise)phr v 10. get rid of (dispose of)
giantn 1. huge mythical being
adj 2. very big
n giftn girl
27
give – grain
givev 1. hand to
phr v 2. give in (hand in)colloq phr 3. give in (surrender)phr v 4. give out (distribute)phr v 5. give up (surrender)phr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking)
adj gladglass
n 1. window material
n 2. drinking vessel
n glasses (for eyesight)
n glovego
v 1. move
phrase 2. go by busphrase 3. go out withphr v 4. go wrongphr v 5. go on with (continue)phr v 6. go wellphr v 7. go over (check)phr v 8. go through (check)phr v 9. go after (chase)
n godn goldadj golden
goodadj 1. opposite badphrase 2. vegetables are good for youcolloq phr 3. Good for you!
(congratulations)int 4. Good afternoon (greeting)
int 5. Goodbye
int 6. Good day (greeting)int 7. Good morning (greeting)int 8. Good night (farewell)
goodnessn 1. virtue
int 2. My goodness! (expression of surprise)
n goodsn gossippt v got *see getv governn governmentn governorv grabadv graduallyn grain
28
grand – habit
adj grandn grandchildn granddaughtern grandfathern grandmothern grandparentn grandsonn grapen graphn grassadj gratefuln graveadj greatn greedadj greedyadj greenv greetn greetingpt v grew *see growadj greyn griefv grievev grill (cooking)
grossadj 1. total
colloq 2. disgusting
groundn 1. earth
adj 2. bottom (as for ground floor)
n groupphrase group of studentsv grown grown-upv guardn guardianv guessn guest
guiden 1. leader
v 2. show the way
n guiltadj guiltyn guitarn gum treeabbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium
Hn habit
29
had – have
pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition)
n hailstormn hairn haircutadj halal
halfadj 1. equal part of phrase 2. half-past eight
n halln hallwayv halven hamburgern hammer
handn 1. body part
n 2. hand-outphr v 3. hand in
n handbagn handball
handlen 1. thing that may be held
v 2. touch
adj handsomen handwriting
hangv 1. suspend
phr v 2. hang around (loiter)phr v 3. hang onto (hold)phr v 4. hang up (put receiver down)int 5. Hang on! (wait)
v happenn happinessadj happyn harbour
hardadj 1. difficultadj 2. not soft
adv hardly (rarely)
v harmn harvestn hatv hate
havev 1. ownphrase 2. have a headachephrase 3. have dinnerphrase 4. have a hair cutphr v 5. have on (wear)
30
have to – his
phr v have to (be compelled to)
pron hehead
n 1. body part
n 2. leader
n headachen heading (title)
n healthadj healthyn heap (pile)
v hearpt v heard *see hearn heart
heatv 1. warm
n 2. warmth
n heater (appliance)
adj heavyn heightpt v held *see holdn helicopterint hello
helpn 1. aid
phrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself)colloq phr 3. I can't help it (I have
no control over it)
adj helpfuln hemisphere
herphrase 1. ask her
phrase 2. her book
adv heren herov hesitaten hexagonint hipt v hid *see hidev hide
highadj 1. tall
adj 2. as for musical notephrase high-heeled shoen high schooln hillpron himn hipv hirepron his
31
history – however
n historyhit
v 1. strike
colloq 2. winner
v hitch-hiken hobby
holdv 1. graspn 2. hold-up (robbery)n 3. hold-up (delay)int 4. Hold it! (stop) !colloq phr 5. hold on (wait)
n holen holidayadj hollowadj holyn homeadj homesickn homework (school work
you do at home)
n honesthook
n 1. curved piece of metal
v 2. catch
hopen 1. expectation
v 2. wish
n horizonhorn
n 1. animal partn 2. car part
adj horriblen horrorn horsen hospitaln hostn hostel
hotadj 1. very warmcolloq 2. very good
n hoteln hot-platen hourn housen housework (domestic work)
howadv 1. in what waycolloq phr 2. how come? (why)
conj however
32
huge – industry
adj hugehuman
adj 1. of people
n 2. human being
n humourpt v hung *see hangadj hungryv hunt
hurryv 1. move quickly
colloq phr 2. hurry up
hurtv 1. injureadj 2. wounded
n hut
Ipron In icen ice-creamadj idealconj ifadj illadj illegaln illnessn illustrationv imagineadj immediateadv immediatelyn immigrantadj importantadj impossiblev improve
inprep 1. indicates enclosed placephrase 2. in Australiaphrase 3. in Januaryphrase 4. in Englishphrase 5. in pencilphrase 6. in lovephrase 7. in dangerphrase 8. in time (not late)
v includen incomeadj incorrectv increasen indexadj indoorn industry
33
infect – is
v infectn infectionv influencen influenzav informn informationprep in front of v inhabitn inhabitant
initialadj 1. first
n 2. first letter of name
n injectionv injuren injuryadj inneradj innocentn insectv insertprep insidev insist
instantn 1. moment
adj 2. immediate
adv insteadv instructn instructionn instrument (musical)
n insuranceadj intelligentv intendn interestadj interestedadj interestingn Internetv interruptn intersectionn interviewprep intov introducen introduction (of a book)
v inventn invitationv invite
ironn 1. metal
n 2. household appliance
v 3. as for clothing
prt v is *see be
34
island – keyboard
n islandit
pron 1. subjectpron 2. object
pron its (possessive)
Jn jacketn jailn jaradj jealousn jeansn jetn jeweln jewelleryn jobv jogn jogger
joinv 1. unitev 2. as a club
adj jointn joken journeyn joy
judgen 1. person in court
v 2. make a decision about
n judgmentn judon juicev jumpn jumper (clothing)
justadv 1. only
adj 2. fair
Kn kangaroo
keepv 1. hold on to phr v 2. keep awayphr v 3. keep goingphr v 4. keep out phr v 5. keep upcolloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in
pt v kept *see keepn keyn keyboard
35
keyring – large
n keyringn keywordv kickcolloq kid (child)
v killn killer
kindadj 1. good hearted
n 2. type
n kindnessn kingv kissn kitchenn kneev kneelpt v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knifev knitn knobv knockn knot
knowv 1. understand
v 2. be acquainted with
phrase 3. Let me know (tell me)n koalan kookaburra
Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn labeln laboratoryn labourv lackn ladn ladderpt v laid *see layn laken lamp
landn 1. opposite of sean 2. countryv 3. as for plane
n languagelap
n 1. body part
n 2. distance in a pool
adj large
36
last – less
lastadj 1. opposite of first
v 2. endureadv lastlyadj late (opposite of early)
adv latelyadv laterv laughn laughtern laundryn lawn lawnn lawyer
layv 1. as for eggs
v 2. put
adj lazylead
v 1. go first
n 2. holder for a dog
n leadern leadershipn leafv leak
leanv 1. incline
adj 2. thin
v leapn leap yearv learnpt v learnt *see learnadj leastn leather
leavev 1. separate from
n 2. time offphr v 3. leave alonephr v 4. leave onphr v 5. leave out
pt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right)
adj left-handedn legn lemonv lendn lengthpt v lent *see lendadv less
37
lesson – lizard
n lessonlet
v 1. allow
v 2. rentletter
n 1. as of alphabet
n 2. correspondence
n letterboxn lettuceadj leveln liarn libraryn licencev lickn lid
liev 1. tell untruths
phr v 2. lie down
n lifen lifesaver
liftv 1. raise
n 2. elevatorn 3. car ride
lightn 1. opposite of darkness
n 2. as for electric lightadj 3. not darkadj 4. not heavy
n lighter (as for cigarettes)
n lightninglike
v 1. be fond of prep 2. similar to
n limitn linen lipn liquidn listv listenpt v lit *see lightn litteradj little
livev 1. exist
adj 2. opposite of dead
n living (job)
n living roomn lizard
38
load – lunch
v loadn lobster
localn 1. person from a particular area
adj 2. pertaining to an area
n location v lockn log (wood)
n lollyadj lonely
longadj 1. opposite of short phr v 2. long for (want) phrase 3. How long?(as time)phrase 4. How long?(as length) phrase 5. long ago
lookn 1. glance phr v 2. look atphr v 3. look afterphr v 4. look forphr v 5. look forward to phr v 6. look up to phrase 7. look like (resemble)
adj looselose
v 1. opposite of find
v 2. opposite of winphrase 3. she lost her mother
(her mother died)n losspt v lost *see lose
lotn 1. destinyphrase 2. a lot of
adj loudn lounge room
loven 1. passionate affection
v 2. feel passionate
adj lown lower caseadj loyaln luckadj luckyn lumpn lunch
39
machine – match
Mn machine
madadj 1. angry adj 2. insanecolloq phr 3. mad about (loves)
n madampt v made *see maken magazinen magicn magpie
mailn 1. correspondencev 2. send
adj mainmake
v 1. manufacture phrase 2. make the bedphrase 3. make friendsphr v 4. make up (reconcile)
n make-up adj malen mammaln manv managen managern mandarinn mangon manner (way)
n manners (pertaining to
polite behaviour)
v manufactureadj manyn mapn margin (of a book)
n marijuanamark
v 1. correct
n 2. numerical value for workn 3. spot
n marketn marriagev marryn mat
matchv 1. suit
n 2. implement for lighting
40
mate – midday
n 3. game
n mate (friend)
n materialn mathematicsabbrev maths *see mathematics
mattern 1. substance
phrase 2. What's the matter?phrase 3. It matters a lot
v may (allowed to)
adv maybepron me n meal
meanv 1. intend n 2. averagephrase 3. I didn't mean it (accidental)
n meaningn means (resources)
pt v meant *see meanadv meanwhilev measuren measurementn meatn meat pien mechanicn medicationn medicineadj mediumv meetn melonv meltn memberv memorisen memoryv mendadj mentalv mention
menun 1. list in restaurant
n 2. list on a computer
n messn messagept v met *see meetn metaln methodn microscopen microwave (oven)
n midday
41
middle – moist
middleadj 1. central
n 2. centre
adj middle-agedn midnight
mightv 1. express possibility
n 2. strength
n migrantadj mildn militaryn milkn milkbar
mindn 1. consciousness
phrase 2. Keep in mindphrase 3. Never mind (don't worry)phrase 4. I don't mindphrase 5. Mind the step (be careful)
minepron 1. possessive
n 2. underground excavationn mineraln minister (government)
prep minusminute
n 1. unit of time
adj 2. very small
n mirroradj miserablev misplace
missn 1. woman's title
v 2. long for v 3. opposite of hit
adj missingn Missusn Mistern mistakev misunderstandv mixn mixturen mobile phone
modeln 1. representation
n 2. person who shows clothes
adj modernadj modestadj moist
42
moment – naked
n momentn moneyn monitor (computer)
n monthn mood (frame of mind)
n moonadj moraladv moren morningn mosqueadj mostn mothern motorn motor biken motor scooter
mousen 1. animaln 2. computer part
phrase mouse button (computer)
n mousepadn moustachen mouthv moven movementn movieabbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Msadv muchadj multiculturaln multiplicationv multiplyabbrev mum *see mother
murdern 1. unlawful killingv 2. kill unlawfully
n musclen mushroomn musicv mustpron my n mystery
Nn nag
nailn 1. body partn 2. metal spike
adj naked
43
name – nobody
namen 1. titlephrase 2. given namephrase 3. family name
adj narrowadj nastyn nationadj nationalityadj native
naturen 1. person's character
n 2. environment
prep nearadv nearbyadv nearlyadj neatadj necessaryn neckv needn needle
negativen 1. film
adj 2. opposite of positive
v neglectn neighbouradv neithern nerveadj nervousn nest
netn 1. trap
n 2. sport equipment
abbrev Net *see Internetn netball (game)
adv neveradj newn newspaper
nextadv 1. after thisadj 2. followingphrase 3. next door
adj nicen nightn nightclubn night dress
noint 1. opposite yes
det 2. not at all
pron nobody
44
nocturnal – obvious
adj nocturnalv nodn noiseadv noisilyadj noisypron nonen noonpron no-oneconj noradj normaln northn nosen nosebleedadv not
noten 1. money
n 2. short piece of writing
phrase 3. take note (be careful)phrase 4. take notes
pron nothingn noticen notice boardn nounn noveladv nowadv nowadaysadv nowhereadj nude
numbern 1. numeral
v 2. countphrase 3. a number of abbrev 4. no.
n nursenut
n 1. fruitcolloq 2. mad person
n nutrition
Oadj obedientv obey
objectn 1. thingn 2. aimv 3. be against
n objectionv obtainadj obvious
45
occasion – only
n occasionadv occasionallyn occupationn oceanadv o'clock
oddadj 1. strange
phrase 2. odd number
prep ofint of course
offadv 1. away from
prep 2. opposite on colloq phr 3. Off you go!
n offenceoffer
n 1. proposal
v 2. present for approval
n officen officeradj officialadv oftenint oh!
oiln 1. of petroleum /
v 2. grease
int okayold
adj 1. opposite newadj 2. opposite young
n old ageadj old-fashioned
onprep 1. representing locationadj 2. opposite off phrase 3. on firephrase 4. on footphrase 5. on timephrase 6. on holidaysphrase 7. on the leftphrase 8. on the rightphrase 9. on top
onceadv 1. one timephrase 2. at once phrase 3. once a week
adj onen onion adv only
46
open – overcrowded
openadj 1. opposite of closed
phrase 2. in the open (outside)
n openingoperate
v 1. work
v 2. carry out surgery
n operation n opinionn opportunityv opposen opposite
orangeadj 1. colour
n 2. fruit
n orchestraorder
n 1. numerical sequence
n 2. direction for a supplyv 3. put in sequencev 4. arrange supply of
adj ordinaryorgan
n 1. musical instrument
n 2. body part
n organisationv organisen originpron otherconj otherwisepron our
outadv 1. opposite in
prep 2. out ofphrase 3. Lights out!phrase 4. made out ofphrase 5. out of boundsphrase 6. out of datephrase 7. out of orderphrase 8. out of work
adv outsideadj oval (shape)
overadv 1. finished prep 2. pertaining to locationphrase 3. over and overphrase 4. over therephrase 5. fall over
adj overcrowded
47
overdo – pass
v overdoadj overduen overhead projectorv overhearadj overnightadv overseasv oversleepv overtakev owephrase owing to (due to)
ownv 1. havephrase 2. his own money
n ownern oxygen
Pv packphrase pack of cardsn packetn pad (as note-pad)
n paddockn pagept v paid *see payn painv paintn paintingn pairadj palen pann pantsn pantyhosen papern paragraphadj paralleln parallelogramn parent
parkn 1. green space
v 2. as a carn partn participle (grammar)
adj particularn partneradj part-timen party (gathering)
passv 1. go by
v 2. opposite of fail
48
passage – persuade
v 3. hand over
n 4. train pass
n passagen passengern passport
pastn 1. time gone by
phrase 2. walk pastphrase 3. half past threephrase 4. past tense
n pastapaste
n 1. glue
v 2. stick with paste
n pathpatient
n 1. a person under medical treatment
adj 2. calm under stress
n pausen paw
payn 1. earnings
v 2. provide with money
n pean peaceadj peacefuln penn penciln pencil casen penguinn pentagonn pepperadv per centn percentageadj perfectv performn perfumeadv perhaps
periodn 1. school day division
n 2. pertaining to menstruationn 3. amount of time
n permissionpermit
n 1. licence
v 2. allow
n personv persuade
49
pet – plate
n petn petrolabbrev phone *see telephonen photocopy
photographn 1. picture
v 2. take a picture
n phraseadj physicaln pianistn piano
pickv 1. choose
colloq phr 2. pick on (bully)colloq phr 3. pick up some Englishphrase 4. take your pick
n picnicn picturen piecen pilen pilln pillown pilotn pinn pineapplen pipe
pityn 1. shame
v 2. feel sorry for place
n 1. locationv 2. putphrase 3. take place (occur)phrase 4. my place (home)
plainn 1. field
adj 2. ordinary
phrase 3. It's plain (clear)
plann 1. schemev 2. organise
abbrev plane *see aeroplanen planetn plant
plasticn 1. resinous substanceadj 2. mouldable
n plate (household item)
50
platform – pool
platformn 1. on station
n 2. for diving
n platypusplay
n 1. drama
v 2. have funphrase 3. play a gamephrase 4. play a CD
n playgroundadj pleasantint pleaseadj pleasedn pleasuren plenty
plugn 1. stopper
n 2. electricalphr v 3. plug in
pluraladj 1. more than one
n 2. grammar form
prep pluspocket
n 1. pouch
n 2. pocket money
n poemn poetn poetry
pointn 1. sharp end
n 2. reasonn 3. numerical valuev 4. gesture with fingerphr v 5. point outphrase 6. point of view
v poken polen police
polishn 1. substance used for shining
v 2. make glossy
adj politen politicsv polluten pollutionn pool (of water)
51
poor – preparation
pooradj 1. opposite rich
adj 2. not very goodcolloq 3. pitiable
abbrev pop *see popularadj popularn population
positionn 1. location
n 2. viewpoint on
positiveadj 1. opposite negative
adj 2. sure
v possessn possessionadj possiblen possumv post n postage stampn postcardn post officen postern pot (container)
n potaton pot plantn pouchn powder
powern 1. strength
phrase 2. in power (in charge)
adj powerfulphrase power pointadj practicaln practicev practise
praisen 1. approval
v 2. express approval
v prayn prayeradj preciousv preferadj pregnantn prejudice
premiern 1. state government leader
adj 2. leading
n preparation
52
prepare – progress
v preparen prepositionn prescription (doctor's)
presentn 1. gift
v 2. give outadj 3. opposite absentphrase 4. at present (now)
n presidentpress
n 1. mediav 2. push
v pretend ...adj prettyv preventadj previousn pricev prickn prideadj primaryn primary schooln prime minister
principaln 1. school head
adj 2. leading
n principleprint
v 1. of handwriting
v 2. of machine
n printer (computer)
n prisonadj privaten prizen probabilityadj probableadv probablyn problemv proceedn processn procession
producen 1. yield
v 2. make
n productn professionn professorn profitn programn progress
53
project – pyjamas
n project (as school project)
promisen 1. assurance
v 2. vow
n pronounv pronouncen pronunciation n proofadj properadv properlyn propertyv protectn protection
protestn 1. objection
v 2. objectadj proudv provev providen pubadj publicn public schoolphrase public transport
pullv 1. tug
phr v 2. pull down (demolish)phr v 3. pull up (stop)colloq phr 4. pull oneself togethern pumpadj punctualv punishn punishment
pupiln 1. eye partn 2. school student
adj pureadj purple
pushv 1. exert forcephr v 2. push in (go before your turn)
putv 1. placephr v 2. put away (pack up)phr v 3. put off (delay)phr v 4. put on (dress in)phr v 5. put out (as fire)phr v 6. put up with (endure)
n puzzlen pyjamas
54
pyramid – realise
n pyramid
Qv qualify (make competent)
adj qualityn quantityv quarreln quartern queenn questionn queueadj quickadv quicklyadj quietadv quietlyv quitadv quite
Rrace
n 1. competition
n 2. ethnicityv 3. compete
n racismn radion radiusn railingn railwayn rainn rain coatv raisept v ran *see runpt v rang *see ringn range v rankadj rapidadj raren rash (skin eruption)
adv rather (to a certain extent)
adj rawreach
v 1. arrive at
phrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable)
v reactn reactionv readadj readyadj realv realise
55
really – republic
adv reallyadj rearn reasonv receive (get)
adj recentn recess (morning tea)
colloq reckon (think or suppose)
v recognisev record
recountn 1. story genre
v 2. narrate
recoverv 1. get back
v 2. get better
n rectangleadj redv reducev refern refereen refrigeratorn refugeev refusen regionv regretadj regularadv regularlyn relation (kin)
n relationshipn relativev relaxn religionv remainn remarkv rememberv remindn reminderv remove
rentn 1. payment for accommodation
v 2. hire
v repeatv replacev reply
reportn 1. written account
v 2. give an account
n reportern republic
56
request – ring
requestn 1. petition
v 2. ask for v rescue
reserven 1. parkv 2. keep aside
n residentn respectn responsibilityadj responsible
restn 1. relaxationv 2. relaxn 3. remainder
n restaurantn rest roomn result
returnn 1. arrival back v 2. go back to v 3. give back to phrase 4. return tickets
reverseadj 1. opposite forwardv 2. go backwards
v reviserevolution
n 1. full circle
n 2. war
n rewardn rhythmn ribbonn riceadj richv ridv ride
rightadj 1. opposite wrong
adj 2. opposite leftadv 3. directionn 4. just claimphrase 5. all right (as for health)phrase 6. all right (as for agreement)phrase 7. right now (immediately)n right angle
ringn 1. jewellery
v 2. as a phone
57
ripe – run
v 3. as a bell
adj riperise
n 1. ascent
v 2. get up
n riskn rivern roadv roarn robotn rockn rockpooln rodpt v rode *see ride
rolln 1. absentee list
n 2. form of breadv 3. move by turning over
n roofn roomn rootn rope
rosen 1. flowerpt v 2. *see rise
adj roughround
adj 1. circularphrase 2. round the corner
rown 1. arrangement in a line
n 2. fightv 3. as a boat
adj royalv rubn rubbern rubbishadj rudev ruin
rulen 1. regulation
v 2. as a linev 3. governn ruler (school equipment)
runv 1. move fastphrase 2. a river runs into the oceanphr v 3. run away fromphr v 4. run out of
58
rung – scissors
phr v 5. run over (with a car)
n rung (of a ladder)
n runner-upphrase runny nosev rush
Sadj sadadj safept v said *see say
sailn 1. part of ship
v 2. cause movement of ship using wind
n saladn salaryn salen saltadj samen sandn sandaln sandwichpt v sang *see singpt v sat *see sitn satisfactionadj satisfactoryadj satisfiedv satisfyn saucen sausage
savev 1. rescue
v 2. keep on computerv 3. keep as money
sawn 1. tool
pt v 2. *see see
v sayscale
n 1. covering on animals
n 2. measuring device
adj scarcen scarfn scenen sceneryn schooln school shoen sciencen scissors
59
score – set
scoren 1. points made in a game
v 2. to get points
v screamn screenn screwn sean seagull
searchn 1. the act of searchingv 2. look for
n seasonn seat
secondn 1. unit of time
adj 2. after first
adv secondlysecret
n 1. something hidden
adj 2. unknown by others
n sectionv seen seedv seekadv seldomv selectadj selfishv sellv send
sensen 1. one of the five facultiesphrase 2. make sense (be intelligible)
adj sensiblept v sent *see sendn sentence
separateadj 1. disconnected
v 2. to keep apart
n sequencen series
seriousadj 1. important
adj 2. opposite of lighthearted
n servantv serven service
setv 1. to put in a particular place
n 2. a group of things
60
settle – short cut
phr v 3. set off (go)
phr v 4. set out (put in order)phr v 5. set up (prepare)
settlev 1. to live in
phr v 2. settle on (agree on)
n settlementn settleradj severalv sewn sexn sexismn shaden shadowv shakev shalladj shallown shamen shampoon shape
sharen 1. portion
v 2. divide up
adj sharpn sharpenerv shavepron shen sheep
sheetn 1. of paper
n 2. of bedding
n shelfn shell (of sea)
n shelterv shineadj shinyn shipn shirtn shockn shoev shoot
shopn 1. place to buy goods
v 2. buy goods
n shoreshort
adj 1. opposite tall
adj 2. opposite long
n short cut
61
shorts – skate
n shorts (clothing)
shotn 1. gunfire
pt v 2. *see shoot
v shouldv shoutv shove
showv 1. display
n 2. as on TV
phr v 3. show off (be pretentious)
showern 1. weather condition
v 2. wash oneselfn 3. bathroom apparatus
v shrinkv shutadj shyadj sickn sick bayn sideadv sidewaysn sight
signn 1. information board
v 2. write one's signature
n signaln signaturen sign languagen silenceadj silentn silkadj sillyn silveradj similaradj simplev singadj singlen singletn singular (grammatical)
sinkn 1. tub for washing
v 2. go down
n Sir (respectful form of address)
n sisterv sit
skatev 1. glide over the groundn 2. equipment for skating
62
skateboard – so
n skateboardn skateboardingn skin skiingadj skilfuln skilln skin
skipv 1. jump
v 2. pass over
n skirtn skyn slangv slapn slavev sleepadj sleepypt v slept *see sleepn slicev slideadj slimn slingv slipn slipper (type of shoe)
adj slipperyv slitn slope
slowadj 1. opposite fastadj 2. behind time
adv slowlyadj smalladj smart (clever)
v smashsmell
n 1. odour
v 2. inhale an odour
smilen 1. facial expression
v 2. make facial expression
smoken 1. visible substance from fire
v 2. inhale a substance
adj smoothn snackn snakev sneezen snowconj so (consequently)
63
soap – sphere
n soapn soccern societyn sock (clothing)
softadj 1. opposite hard
adj 2. opposite loudadv softlypt v sold *see sell
solidadj 1. three dimensional figuren 2. matter that is not liquid or gas
solutionn 1. answern 2. mixture (scientific)
v solvedet somen somebodyn someoneadv sometimesn sonn songadv soon
soreadj 1. painfuln 2. painful spotphrase 3. sore throat
adj sorryv sortn souln soundn soupadj sourn south
spacen 1. outside earth's atmosphere
n 2. room
n spadeadj sparev speakadj specialn speech
speedn 1. rapidityv 2. go fast
v spellv spendpt v spent *see spendn sphere
64
spill – starfish
v spillv spinn spirit (soul)
v spitv splashv splitv spoilpt v spoke *see speakn spoonn sportn sports ovaln sports shoe
spotn 1. circular pattern
n 2. soren 3. place
v 4. see
v spreadspring
n 1. seasonv 2. jump
spyn 1. person who keeps secret
watch on othersv 2. watch
squaren 1. plane figure
adj 2. shaped as a square
n staffroomn stagen stair
stampn 1. as for postagev 2. impress a mark on v 3. strike with foot
standv 1. take upright position
phr v 2. stand backphr v 3. stand for (signify)phr v 4. stand up for (defend)colloq phr 5. I can't stand it (I hate it)
n standardstar
n 1. astral body
n 2. famous actor, singer etc.adj 3. shape
n starfish
65
start – stop
startn 1. beginning
v 2. begin
statev 1. say
n 2. political division
n statementstation
n 1. of railway
n 2. police station
n statuev stayadj steadyn steakv stealn steamn steeladj steepn stem
stepv 1. move using feet
n 2. stairphrase 3. watch your step (be careful)
n stepbrothern stepfathern stepmothern stepsister
stickv 1. fasten
n 2. piece of woodadj stickyadj stiff
stilladv 1. without moving
adv 2. yet
v stingstink
n 1. bad odour
v 2. smell very bad
v stirpt v stole *see stealn stomachn stomach-achen stonept v stood *see stand
stopn 1. cessationv 2. halt
66
store – suburb
n storen storeyn stormn storyn stoven stove top
straightadj 1. not crooked
adj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair)phrase 3. straight ahead
v straightenv strainadj strangen strangern strawberryn streamn streetn strength
stressv 1. put emphasis on
n 2. tension
adj strictstrike
v 1. hit
n 2. blowphrase 3. on strike (not working)
n stringn stripv strokeadj strong (powerful)
n strugglept v stuck *see stickn student
studyn 1. room of house
v 2. endeavour to acquire knowledge
stuffn 1. material
v 2. push
adj stupidn style
subjectn 1. course of study
n 2. topic
n substancev subtractn subtractionn suburb
67
succeed – survey
v succeedn successv suckadj suddenadv suddenlyv suffern sugarv suggestn suggestion
suitn 1. clothing
v 2. be appropriate
adj suitablen sum (total)
n summern sunn sunburnn sunglassesn sunhatadj sunnyn sunscreenn sunshine
supplyn 1. provisionsv 2. provide
supportn 1. assistancev 2. provide assistance
v suppose (assume)
adj suresurf
n 1. seaswell
v 2. ride a surfboard
n surfacen surfboardn surfer
surgeryn 1. doctor's room
n 2. operation by doctor
n surnamesurprise
n 1. unexpected event
v 2. catch unpreparedadj 3. unexpected
v surrenderv surround
surveyn 1. poll
v 2. ask questions of
68
survival – tame
n survivalv surviven swagmanv swallowpt v swam *see swim
swearv 1. use bad language
v 2. take oath of truth
v sweepadj sweetn sweet cornn sweet potatov swimn swimmern swimmingn swimming carnivaln swimming costume
swingv 1. sway
n 2. play equipment
switchn 1. device for turning on/off
v 2. change
adj swollenphrase swollen anklen sword
Ttable
n 1. furniture
n 2. list
n table tennisn tablet (medication)
n tailtake
v 1. seize
v 2. last for (as time)phr v 3. take away (mathematical)phr v 4. take away (remove)phr v 5. take away (fast food)phr v 6. take off (as clothing)phr v 7. take off (as plane)
n taletalk
n 1. conversation
v 2. converse
adj talladj tame
69
tan – terrific
tanv 1. sunbake
adj 2. colour
n tankn tap (as for water)
v tape (record)
n tasktaste
v 1. sample
phrase 2. the food tastes good
adj tastypt v taught *see teachn taxn taxi
tean 1. beverage
n 2. dinner
v teachn teachern teacher's aiden team
tearv 1. ripn 2. liquid from the eye
v teasen technologyn teenager
telephonen 1. device for phoning
v 2. ring
n telephone boothn telescope
televisionn 1. receiver for broadcasts
abbrev 2. TV
v telln tempern temperaturen templeadj temporaryn tennisn tent
termn 1. a period of time
n 2. a naming word
adj terribleadj terrific
70
test – tie
testn 1. examination
v 2. check
n textthank
v 1. express appreciation
phrase 2. give thanksint 3. thank you (polite expression
of gratitude)
thatpron 1. indicator of person or thing
conj 2. used as subject of relative clause
det then theatrepron theirpron themadv thenadv thereconj thereforen thermometerpron theyadj thickn thiefadj thinv thinkn thong (footwear)
thoughtn 1. idea
pt v 2. *see think
threadn 1. cotton
v 2. put through eye of needle
pt v threw *see throwprep through (from one side to
another)
v thrown thumbn thundern thunderstormadv thusv tick (indicate correctness)
n ticketn tideadj tidy
tien 1. clothing
v 2. fastenn 3. equal place
71
tight – town
adj tightv tilt
timen 1. measurement of duration
phrase 2. in time (not late)phrase 3. on time (at the appointed time)phrase 4. at timesphrase 5. a good timephrase 6. take your time (don't rush)phrase 7. What's the time?phrase 8. two times four (mathematical)
n timetabletip
n 1. hint
n 2. rubbish dumpv 3. tiltn 4. pointed extremityphr v 5. tip over (spill)
n tissuen titleprep ton todayn toeadv togethern toiletpt v told *see telln tomaton tomorrown tonguept v took *see taken tooln toothn toothache
topn 1. highest point
n 2. clothing
n topicpt v tore *see tear
totaln 1. complete amount
v 2. add up
v touchn tourv towprep towardsn toweln towern town
72
toy – turn
n toyv tracen track (pathway)
n tracksuitn tractor
traden 1. exchange of commodities
v 2. carry on trade
n traffictrain
n 1. means of transport
v 2. practise
trapn 1. device for catching thingsv 2. catch
n trapeziumv travelv treadv treat (as a disease)
n treev tremblen trianglephrase triangular prismn tribev trickv trim
tripn 1. journey
v 2. fall over
adj tropicaltrouble
n 1. problem
v 2. cause worryphrase 3. in trouble with
n trousersn truckadj truen trunk (as of elephant)
tryn 1. attempt
phrase 2. try hardphr v 3. try on (as for clothing)phr v 4. try out for (audition for)
n T-shirtn tubn tube
turnv 1. move around
73
twice – urge
n 2. action following someone else's
phr v 3. turn into (become)phr v 4. turn off (switch off)phr v 5. turn on phr v 6. turn up (arrive)
adv twicev twist
typen 1. kind
v 2. use a machine to write
n tyre
Uadj uglyn umbrellan uncle /adj unconsciousprep underv undergoadj undergroundv underlineadv underneathn underpantsv understandpt v understood *see understandn underwearv undoadj unemployedn uniformn union
unitn 1. type of housing
n 2. measurement
v uniten universen universityprep untiladj unusualprep up (to a higher place)
prep upon (up and on)
adj upperadj uprightadj upsetadj upside-downadv upstairsv urge
74
urgent – wall
adj urgentpron us
usen 1. the act of using
v 2. employ
adj used (not new)
Vn vaccinationadj vainn valleyadj valuable
valuen 1. worth
v 2. to hold in high esteem
n van (truck)
n varietyv varyadj variousn vegetablen vegetable gardenn vegetariann vehiclen verandahn verbadv veryabbrev vet *see veterinariann veterinariann video (recording)
n viewn villageadj violentn violinv visitn visitorn voicen volleyball (game)
n volumev voten voweln voyage
Wn wagev waitv wakev walkn walkwayn wall
75
wallaby – Web
n wallabyn walletv wanderv wantn warn waratahn wardrobeadj warm (opposite cool)
adj warm-bloodedv warnn warningpt v was *see be
washv 1. clean with water
phr v 2. wash up (of dishes)
n washing machine (clothes)
wastev 1. employ uselessly
n 2. rejected products
watchn 1. timepiecev 2. look at phr v 3. watch out (be careful)
watern 1. liquid
v 2. moisten
n watermelonn wattle tree
waven 1. swell of water
v 2. make a hand signal
adj wavyn wax
wayn 1. road
phrase 2. a long wayphrase 3. a good wayphrase 4. give way
pron weadj weakn wealthadj wealthyn weapon
wearv 1. erode
v 2. put on (as for clothing)n web (as for spider)
abbrev Web *see World Wide Web
76
wedding – width
n weddingn weekv weighn weight
welcomen 1. a kind greeting
int 2. You're welcome! (polite response to thank you)
welln 1. hole in earth
adj 2. in good healthadv 3. in a satisfactory mannerint 4. Well! (expresses relief, pause)
int 5. Well done! !pt v went *see gopt v were *see ben west
wetv 1. moisten
adj 2. opposite drypron what (interrogative)
n wheelpron when (interrogative)
conj wheneverpron where (interrogative)
which pron 1. what one of a number
(interrogative)pron 2. relative (refers to something
previously mentioned)
conj whilen whipv whisper
whistlev 1. make a musical sound
n 2. equipment used to make a sound
adj whiten whiteboard
whopron 1. interrogative
pron 2. relative pronoun
adj wholeadv whyadj wickedadj widen widown widowern width
77
wild – write
adj wildwill
v 1. auxiliary used in future tense
n 2. declaration of wishes on one's death
n 3. choice of one's actions
v winwind
n 1. movement of air
v 2. turn in a circular way
colloq phr 3. wind up (finish)phr v 4. wind up (as a clock)
n windmilln windown window silladj windyn wingn winterv wipen wireadj wisen wishprep withv withdraw (as for money)
n witnesspt v woke *see waken womann wombatpt v won *see winv wondern woodn woodworkn wooln wordpt v wore *see wear
workn 1. labour
v 2. carry out labourv 3. be operationalphr v 4. work out (solve)
n worldn World Wide Webv worryadv worsen worthv wrapv wringn wristv write
78
wrong – zucchini
adj wrong (incorrect)
pt v wrote *see writeabbrev www *see World Wide Web
Xn x-ray
Yn yachtn yardv yawnn yearadj yellowint yesn yesterdaypron youadj youngpron your (possessive)
Zn zonen zoon zucchini
79
Appendix 1
Numerals and Ordinals
Symbol Numeral Ordinal
1 one first
2 two second
3 three third
4 four fourth
5 five fifth
6 six sixth
7 seven seventh
8 eight eighth
9 nine ninth
10 ten tenth
11 eleven eleventh
12 twelve twelfth
13 thirteen thirteenth
14 fourteen fourteenth
15 fifteen fifteenth
16 sixteen sixteenth
17 seventeen seventeenth
18 eighteen eighteenth
19 nineteen nineteenth
20 twenty twentieth
30 thirty thirtieth
40 forty fortieth
50 fifty fiftieth
60 sixty sixtieth
70 seventy seventieth
80 eighty eightieth
90 ninety ninetieth
100 one hundred one hundredth
1000 one thousand one thousandth
10000 ten thousand ten thousandth
100000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth
1000000 one million one millionth
80
Appendix 2
Common Countries/States and their Adjectival Forms
Country/State Adjectival Form Country/State Adjectival Form
Afghanistan Afghani Japan Japanese
Argentina Argentinian Korea Korean
Bangladesh Bangladeshi Kosovo Kosovar
Bolivia Bolivian Kurdistan Kurdish
Brazil Brazilian Laos Laotian
Bulgaria Bulgarian Lebanon Lebanese
Cambodia Cambodian Macedonia Macedonian
Chile Chilean Malaysia Malaysian
China Chinese Nigeria Nigerian
Colombia Colombian Pakistan Pakistani
Cook Islands Cook Islanders Peru Peruvian
Croatia Croatian Philippines Filipino
East Timor East Timorese Poland Polish
Ecuador Ecuadorian Portugal Portuguese
Egypt Egyptian Russia Russian
El Salvador El Salvadorian Samoa Samoan
Eritrea Eritrean Serbia Serbian
Ethiopia Ethiopian Somalia Somalian
Fiji Fijian Sudan Sudanese
Ghana Ghanian Syria Syrian
Greece Greek Taiwan Taiwanese
Hungary Hungarian Thailand Thai
India Indian Tonga Tongan
Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Turkish
Iran Iranian Ukraine Ukrainian
Iraq Iraqi Uruguay Uruguayan
Israel Israeli Venezuela Venezuelan
Italy Italian Vietnam Vietnamese
81
Appendix 3
Common Irregular Verbs
Base Form Past Tense Past participle
awake awoke awokenbe was, were beenbeat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet betbid bid bidbite bit bittenblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtburn burned/burnt burned/burntbuy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came comecost cost costcut cut cutdig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
drive drove drivendrink drank drunkeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gottengive gave givengo went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held held
82
Common Irregular Verbs (continued)
Base Form Past Tense Past participle
hurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew known
lay laid laid
lead led ledlearn learned/learnt learned/learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold sold
send sent sent
show showed showed/shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stoodswim swam swumtake took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told think thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understood
wake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written
83
Analog time 24 hour time
12.00am 12 o'clock; midnight 00:00 zero zero hundred hours
1.00am 1 o'clock 01:00 zero one hundred hours
2.00am 2 o'clock 02:00 zero two hundred hours
3.00am 3 o'clock 03:00 zero three hundred hours
4.00am 4 o'clock 04:00 zero four hundred hours
5.00am 5 o'clock 05:00 zero five hundred hours
6.00am 6 o'clock 06:00 zero six hundred hours
7.00am 7 o'clock 07:00 zero seven hundred hours
8.00am 8 o'clock 08:00 zero eight hundred hours
9.00am 9 o'clock 09:00 zero nine hundred hours
10.00am 10 o'clock 10:00 ten hundred hours
11.00am 11 o'clock 11:00 eleven hundred hours
12.00pm 12 o'clock; midday; noon 12:00 twelve hundred hours
1.00pm 1 o'clock 13:00 thirteen hundred hours
2.00pm 2 o'clock 14:00 fourteen hundred hours
3.00pm 3 o'clock 15:00 fifteen hundred hours
4.00pm 4 o'clock 16:00 sixteen hundred hours
5.00pm 5 o'clock 17:00 seventeen hundred hours
6.00pm 6 o'clock 18:00 eighteen hundred hours
7.00pm 7 o'clock 19:00 nineteen hundred hours
8.00pm 8 o'clock 20:00 twenty hundred hours
9.00pm 9 o'clock 21:00 twenty one hundred hours
10.00pm 10 o'clock 22:00 twenty two hundred hours
11.00pm 11 o'clock 23:00 twenty three hundred hours
Appendix 4
Times
half past three3.30am or 3.30pm
zero two forty five zero three hundred hours zero three fifteen zero three thirty
84
Examples of quarter and half hours (24 hour time)
quarter to three2.45am or 2.45pm
three o'clock3.00am or 3.00pm
quarter past three3.15am or 3.15pm
Examples of quarter and half hours (analog)
Bibliography
Australian Learners Dictionary, 1997, National Centre for English Language Teachingand Research, Macquarie University, NSW.
Horton, D. (ed.) 1994, The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal TorresStrait Islander History, Society and Culture, vols 1-2, Aboriginal Studies Press,Canberra.
The Macquarie Dictionary, 1997, 3rd edn, Macquarie University, NSW.
My First Macquarie Dictionary, 1987, Jacaranda Press, Sydney.
NSW Department of School Education. 1994, New Arrivals Dictionaries, 16 vols, Disadvantaged Schools Program, Erskineville.
Oxford Elementary Learner's Dictionary, 1994, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press,Oxford.
Weight (mass) Length Volume
1000 milligrams = 1 gram 1000 millimetres = 1 metre 1000 millilitres = 1 litre
1000 grams = 1 kilogram 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1000 litres = 1 cubic metre
1000 kilograms = 1 metric tonne 1000 metres = 1 kilometre
Appendix 6
Weights and measures
Days
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Months
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Units of time
60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
7 days = 1 week
4 weeks = 1 month
12 months = 1 year
4 years = 1 leap year
10 years = 1 decade
100 years = 1 century
1000 years = 1 millenium
85
Appendix 5
Days of the week/Months of the year/Units of time