GUIDED BY: PRESENTED BYSREEJITH P ABIN A KUMARAsst. Professor ROLL N0-03Dept. of Mechanical engg ME-S7

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Introduction. Construction. Parts of Aqua silencer. Working principle. Effects of dissolved gases on water. Methods to control water pollution. Lime water wash method. Limitations of lime water wash method. Absorption process. Advantages of absorption process. Conclusion. References.

CONTENTS

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The main pollutants contribute by automobiles are (CO), (Nox) and Lead etc.,Other sources such as electric power generating stations, industrial and domestic fuel consumption , refuse burning, industrial processing.An aqua silencer is an attempt in this direction, it is mainly dealing with control of emission and noise

INTRODUCTION

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1. Mountings

2. Filler Plug

3. Charcoal Layer

4. Perforated Tube

5. Wire Mesh

6. Drain Plug

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Basically an aqua silencer consists of a perforated tube which is installed at the end of the exhaust pipe.

Around the circumference of the perforated tube a layer of activated charcoal is provided and further a metallic mesh covers it.

AQUA SILENCER

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water container. A small opening is at the top of the container to remove the

exhaust gases & a drain plug is provided at the bottom of the container for periodically cleaning of container.

Also a filler plug is mounted at the top of the container.

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As the exhaust gases enter into the Aqua silencer, the perforated tube converts high mass bubbles in to low mass bubbles

After passing over the charcoal layer some of the gases may dissolved in to the water and finally the exhaust gases escape through the opening in to the atmosphere

WORKING

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The water is a good absorbing medium. In aqua silencer the gases are made to be dissolved in water. When these gases dissolved in water they form acids, carbonates, bicarbonates etc.,

Action of dissolved SO2 Action of dissolved CO2 Effect of dissolved NOx

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Action of dissolved SO2

It form SO3, SO4, H2SO4, H2SO3, i.e. sulfuricAcid (H2SO3,), it forms Hydrogen Sulphide which causes foul rotten egg smell, acidify and corrosion of metals.  

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Under goes Oxidation to form ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, Nitric acid. This synthesis of protein and amino acids is effected by Nitrogen.

Effect of dissolved NOx

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Forms bicarbonate at lower PH and Carbonates at higher PH. The form a scale in pipes and boilers.

Action of dissolved CO2

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Lime water wash method. Absorption process.

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• The water is treated with the calculated quantities of slaked lime.

• Lime can neutralize any acid present in the water.

• The precipitates dissolved carbon dioxide as calcium carbonate and converts bicarbonate ions into carbonates..

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Ca(OH)2 + SO2. .. .. .. . CaSO3 + H2o

Neutralizes any acid present in water

2HCL + Ca(OH)2..........Cacl2 + 2H2H2SO4 + Ca (OH)2........... CaSo4 + 2H20

Precipitates carbonate as calcium carbonate

CO2 + Ca(OH)2........CaCO3+2H2O

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Precipitates bicarbonate as calcium carbonate

Ca(HCO3)2 + 2Ca (OH)2......... 2CaCO3 + 2H20

Converts bicarbonate ions (Like NaHCO3, KHCO3 etc.) into carbonates.NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2............ CaCO3 + H20 + Na2 CO3 

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LIMITATIONS OF LIME WATER WASH METHOD

  Amount of neutralization capacity is limited It is very difficult to handle form are formed Lime in any form is difficult to handle

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Activated charcoal is used. As it is highly porous and possess free valencies.

The activated carbon, usually in the powdered form is added to the water either before or after the coagulation with sedimentation.

ABSORPTION PROCESS

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It increases the coagulation power of the process. The excessive dose of activated carbon is not harmful. The treatment process is very simple and it requires nearly no

skill. The efficiency of removing color, odour and taste is quite

high. It has excellent properties of attracting gases.

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ADVANTAGES OF AQUA SILENCER

• Efficiency of the vehicle is increased.

• Fuel consumption is less when compared to ordinary vehicle.

• Less pollution.

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DISADVANTAGES

• Additional cost is required.

• Additional space is required to install this arrangement in vehicles.

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APPLICATIONS

• All diesel and petrol engines.

• Automobile applications.

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It is more effective in the reduction of emission gases from the engine

exhaust using perforated tube and charcoal

By using perforated tube the fuel consumption remains same as conventional system.

CONCLUSION

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By using water as a medium the sound can be lowered and also by using activated charcoal in water we can control the exhaust emission to a greater level

It is smokeless and pollution free emission and also it is very cheap.

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• Internal Combustion of Engines - M. L. Mathur R. P. Sharma .

• Environmental Pollution Analysis - Khopkar

• Engg. Chemistry - Jain & Jain

• United states residue patent –exhaust gas purification system of internal combustion engine

REFERENCE

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Thank You !!!!

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Queries ???

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