APUSH Unit 6, Lecture 3 Ms. Kray Some slides taken from Susan
Pojer
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Youngest president in U.S. history (42 yrs old) Strong
progressive Beginning of the modern presidency - Presidents job to
set the legislative agenda for Congress - Mediator of the public
good
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Good Trusts vs. Bad Trusts Good Trust = dominated the market
through efficiency and low prices; should only be regulated Bad
Trust = harmed the public and stifled competition
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Viewed federal govt as mediator of the public good 1 st
president to enforce Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) 1904 broke up the
Northern Securities Company - Railroad trust - Supreme Court
reversed earlier decision & upheld TRs actions TR also had his
attorney general go after Standard Oil & 40 other large
corporations
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Gilded Age Presidents had all sided with Big Business in labor
disputes Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Pullman Strike TR was
different
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TR tried to mediate dispute Mine owners refused to compromise
TR threatened to take over the mines with federal troops Owners
finally agreed to 10% wage increase but no recognition of the
union
Slide 9
Elkins Act,1903 ICC gets greater authority to stop railroads
from granting rebates to favored customers Hepburn Act, 1906 ICC
gets power to fix just and reasonable rates for RRs
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Huge Public Outcry Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 The Meat
Inspection Act, 1906
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Forest Reserve Act, 1891 Used act to set aside 150 mil. acres
of land as national reserve 1902 urged passage of Newlands
Reclamation Act $ for irrigation system in the western states 1908
appointed Gifford Pinchot first director of U.S. Forest
Service
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TR also shared some concerns of the naturalists in the
conservation movement Committed to protecting the natural beauty of
the land and the health of its wildlife from human intrusion Sided
w/John Muir, founder of Sierra Club Added to National Park System
Hetch-Hetchy Controversy, 1906 Helped mobilize a new coalition of
people committed to preservation Made clear casual exploitation of
natural wonder would no longer be unopposed
Slide 14
Conservatives wrongly blamed TRs mad economic polices for
economic troubles JP Morgan to the rescue...again. Helped prop up
assets in several shaky financial institutions Key to the plan was
his purchase of Tennessee Coal & Iron Co. Panic + TRs growing
radicalism in his 2 nd term alienated conservatives in his own
party Could he get the partys nomination again? What about his
promise to step down?
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William Howard Taft (R)* (Hand-picked by TR) Willliam Jennings
Bryan (D)
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More of a trustbuster than TR Angered TR with his attack of the
U.S. Steel Corporation Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 gave ICC the power
to suspend new railroad rates and oversee telephone, telegraph, and
cable companies 16 th Amendment income tax (originally a Populist
proposal)
Slide 18
Progressives betrayed! - Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 1909 -
Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy, 1910 - House Speaker Joe Cannon -
Midterm Elections of 1910 Began to rally behind TR
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Taft was determined to defeat TR and preserve the conservative
heart of the Republican Party.
Slide 22
High import tariffs. Put limitations on female and child labor.
Workmans Compensation Laws. Against initiative, referendum, and
recall. Against bad trusts. Creation of a Federal Trade Commission.
Stay on the gold standard. Conservation of natural resources
because they are finite.
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Come, Mr. President. You Cant Have the Stage ALL of the
Time!
Slide 24
Taft re-nominated after his supporters excluded TRs delegates
from the convention TR The Republican Party must stand for the
rights of humanity, or else it must stand for special
privilege.
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People should rise above their sectarian interests to promote
the general good.
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Big business requires big government.
Slide 27
Womens suffrage. Graduated income tax. Inheritance tax for the
rich. Lower tariffs. Limits on campaign spending. Currency reform.
Minimum wage laws. Social insurance. Abolition of child labor.
Workmens compensation.
Slide 28
We stand at Armageddon, and we battle for the Lord! ONWARD,
CHRISTIAN SOLDIERS!
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The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism
because I am for humanity. Eugene V. Debs
Slide 31
Eugene V. Debs Emil Seigel for President for
Vice-President
The first American labor group to open its membership to all
wage-earning workers, regardless of skill, nationality, race, sex,
or gender.
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Government ownership of railroads and utilities. Guaranteed
income tax. No tariffs. 8-hour work day. Better housing. Government
inspection of factories. Womens suffrage.
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Could he rescue the Democratic Party from Bryanism?
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Government control of the monopolies trusts in general were bad
eliminate them!! Tariff reduction. One-term President. Direct
election of Senators. Create a Department of Labor. Strengthen the
Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Did NOT support womens suffrage. Opposed to
a central bank.
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By 1912, 100,000 fewer people had voted for Wilson than had
voted for Bryan in 1908. Hes a minority pres. Election marked peak
of the Socialist movement in America.
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The Democratic party took control of the Senate for the first
time in 20 years.
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Only 2 nd Dem. elected since Civil War 1 st southerner since
Zachary Taylor Idealistic, intellectual, righteous, &
inflexible Believed that the president should lead Congress -
appealed directly to the people to rally their support for his
legislative program
Slide 48
Pledged commitment to New Freedom Wanted to bring back
conditions of free & fair competition Attacked the triple wall
of privilege: tariffs, banks, & trusts
Slide 49
Called a special session of Congress - 1 st day in office -
Appeared in person Lowered tariff rates for the first time in 50
yrs Added a graduated income tax rate
Slide 50
Again went directly to Congress Proposed a national banking
system w/12 district banks supervised by the Federal Reserve
Board
Slide 51
Clayton Antitrust Act, 1914 - Strengthened provision of Sherman
Act - Unions exempt Federal Trade Commission, 1914 - agency
empowered to investigate & take action against unfair trade
practices Federal Farm Loan Act, 1916 Child Labor Act, 1916 -
Declared unconstitutional
