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Susan M. Pojer and Lynne Pierce Susan M. Pojer and Lynne Pierce
Who was
doing it?
1. Commercial/Business Interests
1. Commercial/Business Interests
US Foreign Trade:1870-1914
2. Military/Strategic Interests2. Military/Strategic Interests
US maintains bases in other countries
Alfred Thayer Mahan
• The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
• Great nations have great navies
• Navies need safe ports to receive supplies and rest
3. Social Darwinist Thinking
3. Social Darwinist Thinking
The White Man’s
Burden
The White Man’s
Burden
The Hierarchyof Race
The Hierarchyof Race
4. Religious/Missionary Interests4. Religious/Missionary Interests
American Missionaries
in China, 1905
American Missionaries
in China, 1905
Mission Church in Hawaii
5. The frontier theory5. The frontier theory
6. Jingoism – nationalism out of control
Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan:
1853
Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan:
1853
The Japanese View of
Commodore Perry
The Japanese View of
Commodore PerryUS forces Japan to open to world trade
“Seward’s Folly” or “Icebox: 1867“Seward’s Folly” or “Icebox: 1867
$7.2 million$7.2 million
America as a Pacific Power
America as a Pacific Power
Other Pacific claims
• Baker Island• Howland Island• Christmas Island• Palmyra Island• Jarvis Island• Wake Island
U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii
U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
Kamehameha III – 1st Christian Hawaiian king
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
U. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849
through economic treaties.
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849
through economic treaties.
U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii 1893 – American
businessmen backed anuprising against Queen Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.
Hawaii annexed in 1898
A shot gun wedding for Hawaii
The US had wanted to take it for years
Spanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in Cuba
“Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism
“Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst
Hearst to Frederic Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!
Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy
Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy
De Lôme LetterDe Lôme Letter
Spanish Ambassador to the U.S.
Criticized PresidentMcKinley as weak, cowardly and incapable of leading the US
Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!
Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt
Assistant Secretary of the Navy under McKinley
Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair!
Resigns his position to fight in Cuba
“That splendid little war”
The Spanish-American War (1898):The Spanish-American War (1898):
How prepared was the US for war?
How prepared was the US for war?
US rifle Spanish rifle
The “Roug
h Riders
”
The “Roug
h Riders
”
Heroes of San Juan Hill??
By Fredric Remington
By Kurz and Allison
The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”
The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”
Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!
Emilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the FilipinoUprising.
July 4, 1946:Philippine independence
William H. Taft, 1stGov-General of the Philippines
William H. Taft, 1stGov-General of the Philippines
Great administrator.
American Views of the Philippines
Philippine Insurrection
The Treaty of Paris: 1898
The Treaty of Paris: 1898Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam.
The U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for thePhilippines.
The U. S. becomesan imperial power!
The American Anti-Imperialist
League
The American Anti-Imperialist
LeagueMark Twain, Andrew Carnegie,and WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders.
Campaigned against the annexation of thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.
Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”
Platt Amendment (1903)
1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence.
2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. (protectorate)
3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station.
Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?
Senator Orville Platt
Senator Orville Platt
Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 1898
1900 PR became an “unincorporated
territory.”
Citizens of PR, not of the US.
1901-1903 the Insular Cases. Constitutional rights were not
automatically extended to territorial possessions.
Congress had the power to decide these rights.
Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 18981917 –
Gave full territorial status to PR. (commonwealth)
PRs elects their own legislators & governor to enforce local laws.
PRs can NOT vote in US presidential elections.
A resident commissioner is sent to Washington to vote for PR in the House.
The Imperialist Tailor
The Imperialist Tailor
Spreading the flag
Uncle Sam Joins the Club
China divided by the outsidersWhere are the Americans?Spheres of influence – area where another country has political & economic control
The Open Door Policy - 1899
The Open Door Policy - 1899
Gave all nations equal access to trade in China
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power
TheOpen Door
Policy
TheOpen Door
Policy
The Boxer Rebellion:190
0
The Boxer Rebellion:190
0
America as a Pacific Power
America as a Pacific Power
Area of US involvement
America as a Carib-bean
Power
U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-
1920s
U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-
1920s
Big Stick Diplomacy
US prevents intervention in Venezuela
Panama: The King’s Crown
Panama: The King’s Crown1903 Hay-Bunau-
Varilla Treaty
Dr. Walter Reed – yellow fever cure
Revolt in PanamaCould this be why Columbia is willing to sell us drugs?
Making the dirt fly
Panama Canal
Panama Canal
TR in Panama(Construction
begins in 1904)
TR in Panama(Construction
begins in 1904)
Extending the Monroe Doctrine
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine:
1905
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine:
1905Chronic wrongdoing… may …ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, …to the exercise of an international police power .
US Virgin Islands purchased to guard the canal
Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!
Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!
The Cares of a Growing FamilyThe Cares of a Growing Family
Constable of the WorldConstable of the World
An emerging power
Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905
Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905
Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy
Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy
The Great White Fleet: 1907
The Great White Fleet: 1907
Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
Improve financialopportunities for American businesses.
Use private capital tofurther U. S. interestsoverseas.
Use troops to enforce our position if necessary
Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
The U. S. shouldbe the conscienceof the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Condemn colonialism.
The Mexican Revolution: 1910sThe Mexican Revolution: 1910sEmiliano
ZapataEmiliano Zapata
Francisco I Madero
Francisco I Madero
Venustiano Carranza
Venustiano Carranza
Porfirio Diaz
Porfirio Diaz
Mexico was torn for years by fighting among factions who want to control the country
Argentina Brazil Chile Powers
Searching for BanditosSearching for Banditos
General John J. Pershing with Pancho
Villa in 1914.
Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”
The look of US imperialism today
