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APUNTES de INGLES
APUNTES de INGLESPronombres
Pronombres NominativosPronombresAcusativosPronombresReflexivosAdjetivosPosesivosPronombresPosesivos
IMemyselfmymine
youYouyourselfyouryours
heHimhimselfhishis
sheHerherselfherhers
itItitselfits-----
weUsourselvesourours
youYouyourselvesyouryours
theythemthemselvestheirtheirs
Pronombres Indefinidos
Everybodynobodysomebodyanybody
Everyoneno onesomeoneanyone
Everythingnothingsomethinganything
Pronombres Relativos
whowhichthatwhomwhose
Determiners
The Definite ArticleThe DemonstrativesThe Quantifiers& Others
The Indefinite ArticleThe PossessivesThe Numbers
The Definite Article:The(de / di)el, la, lo, los, las.
The boy -el nioThe box -la caja
The boys -los niosThe boxes -las cajas
The girl -la niaThe beach -la playa
The girls -las niasThe beaches -las playas
The bus -el autobsThe person -la persona
The buses -los autobusesThe people -las personas
The man -el hombreThe factory -la fbrica
The men-los hombresThe factories -las fbricas
The woman -la mujerThe foot -el pie
The women -las mujeresThe feet -los pies
Questions
WH - QuestionsYES/NO - QuestionsTAG QuestionsEMBEDDED
WH - QUESTIONS
What ? -Qu? Cul? Cules?How often ? -Con qu frecuencia?
What else? -Qu ms?How long ? -Cunto tiempo? Qu longitud?
Which ? -Qu? Cul? Cules?How long ago? -Hace cunto tiempo?
How ? -Cmo? Cun?How old ? -Qu edad? Cun viejo?
How else ? -De qu otra manera?How soon ? -Cun pronto?
When ? -Cundo?How big ? -Qu tamao? Cun grande?
Where ? -Dnde? Adnde?How far ? -A qu distancia? Cun lejos?
Where else ? -Dnde ms?How tall ? -Qu estatura? Cun alto?
Why ? -Por qu? Para qu?How deep ? -Qu profundidad?
Who ? -Quin? Quienes?How early ? -Cun temprano?
Who else? -Quin ms?How late ? -Cun tarde?
Whom ? -A quin? A quines?How heavy ? -Qu peso? Cun pesado?
Whose ? -De quin? De quines?How thick ? -Qu espesor? Cun grueso?
How much ? -Cunto/a?What time ? -Qu hora? A qu hora?
How many ? -Cuntos/as?What kind ? -Qu clase ? Qu tipo?
Tiempos Verbales
Simple TensesProgressive Tenses
(1) PresentWhat happens?(4) Past PerfectWhat had happened?(7) ConditionalWhat would happen?
(2) PastWhat happened?(5) FutureWhat will happen?(8) Past ConditionalWhat would have happened?
(3) Present PerfectWhat has happened?(6) Future PerfectWhat will have happened?(9) Modal VerbsWhat (can, could...) happen?
What happens ?----------- Qu pasaAffirmative--------Subject + V1V1V2V3
I go to the office-Voy a la oficinagowentgone
You come from Brazil-Tu vienes de Brasilcomecamecome
She buys everything-Ella compra todobuyboughtbought
They live in Chicago-Ellos viven en Chicagolivelivedlived
We work here-Nosotros trabajamos aquworkworkedworked
Negative----------Subject + don't/doesn't + V1
I don't sell anything-No vendo nadasellsoldsold
You don't do that work-T no haces ese trabajododiddone
He doesn't give the orders-l no da las rdenesgivegavegiven
She doesn't visit anybody-Ella no visita a nadievisitvisitedvisited
They don't travel anywhere-Ellos no viajan a ninguna partetraveltraveledtraveled
Interrogative-----Do/does + subject + V1 ?
Do I bring the beer ?- Traigo la cerveza ?bringbroughtbrought
Do you take the books ?- Llevs los libros ?taketooktaken
What does he say ?- Qu dice l ?saysaidsaid
Does she accept presents ? Acepta ella regalos ?acceptacceptedaccepted
Do they believe in God ? Creen ellos en Dios ?believebelievedbelieved
Simple Present: To goAffirmativeNegativeInterrogative
I goI don't goDo I go ?
You goYou don't goDo you go ?
He goesHe doesn't goDoes he go ?
She goesShe doesn't goDoes she go ?
It goesIt doesn't goDoes it go ?
We goWe don't goDo we go ?
You goYou don't goDo you go ?
They goThey don't goDo they go ?
To Be:ser o estarTo Have:haber o tener
VerboTo BeVerboTo Have
TIEMPOSForma AfirmativaForma NegativaForma Interrogativa
PresentIama farmerIhavea farm
PastYouaretiredYouhaveto rest
Present PerfectHe/ She/ ItissickHe/ She / Ithasfever
Past PerfectWearemusiciansWehaveinstruments
Future (will)YouareshoutingYouhaveto shut up
Fut (be+going to)TheyarerichTheyhavemoney
Future PerfectTraduccin
ConditionalSoy un granjeroTengo una granja
Past ConditionalEsts cansadoTens que descansar
(//) Est enfermo(//) Tiene fiebre
Somos msicosTenemos instrumentos
(Uds) estn gritando(Uds) tienen que callarse
Son ricosTienen dinero
Verbos Irregulares
(1)( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )( 5 )( 6 )( 7 )( 8 )( 9 )( 10 )( 11 )
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
abide(abid)abode(abud)abode(abud)soportar
arise(aris)arose(arus)arisen(arsen)sublevarse subir
awake(auik)awoke(auuk)awoke(auuk)despertarse
be am/are/iswas/were(us/ur)been(bin)ser o estar
beat(bit)beat(bit)beaten(bten)golpear
become(bicm)became(bikim)become(bicm)convertise en
begin(bigun)began(bign)begun(bign)comenzar
bend(bend)bent(bent)bent(bent)doblar
bet(bet)bet(bet)bet(bet)apostar
bind(bind)
Verbos Irregulares
(1)(2)( 3 )( 4 )( 5 )( 6 )( 7 )( 8 )( 9 )( 10 )( 11 )
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
bite(bit)bit(bit)bitten(bten)morder
bleed(blid)bled(bled)bled(bled)sangrar
blow(blu)blew(blu)blown(blun)soplar
break(brik)broke(bruk)broken(bruken)romper
breed(brid)bred(bred)bred(bred)criar
bring(bring)brought(brot)brought(brot)traer
build(bild)built(bilt)built(bilt)construir
buy(bi)bought(bot)bought(bot)comprar
catch(ctch)caught(cot)caught(cot)agarrar, coger
choose(chus)chose(chus)chosen(chusen)elegir
Verbos Irregulares
(1)( 2 )(3)( 4 )( 5 )( 6 )( 7 )( 8 )( 9 )( 10 )( 11 )
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
come(cam)came(kim)come(cam)venir
creep(crip)crept(crpt)crept(crpt)arrastrarse
deal(dil)dealt(delt)dealt(delt)tratar
dig(dig)dug(dag)dug(dag)cavar
do(du)did(did)done(doon)hacer
draw(dro)drew(dru)drawn(droon)dibujar, atraer
drink(drink)drank(draank)drunk(drank)beber
drive(driv)drove(druv)driven(drven)conducir
eat(it)ate(it)eaten(ten)comer
fall(fol)fell(fel)fallen(flen)caer
Verbos Irregulares
(1)( 2 )( 3 )(4)( 5 )( 6 )( 7 )( 8 )( 9 )( 10 )( 11 )
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
feed(fid)fed(fed)fed(fed)dar de comer
feel(fil)felt(felt)felt(felt)sentir
fight(fit)fought(fot)fought(fot)pelear
find(find)found(fund)found(fund)encontrar, hallar
flee(fli)fled(fled)fled(fled)huir de
fling(fling)flung(flang)flung(flang)arrojar
fly(fli)flew(flu)flown(flun)volar
forget(forgut)forgot(forgt)forgotten(forgten)olvidar
freeze(fris)froze(frus)frozen(frusen)congelar
get(gut)got(got)got(ten)(gten)conseguir
Verbos Irregulares
(1)( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )(5)( 6 )( 7 )( 8 )( 9 )( 10 )( 11 )
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
give(guv)gave(guiv)given(guven)dar
go(gu)went(unt)gone(gn)ir
grind(grind)ground(grund)ground(grund)moler
grow(gru)grew(gru)grown(grun)crecer
hang(jang)hung(jaang)hung(jaang)colgar
have(jav)had(jad)had(jad)tener
hide(jid)hid(jid)hidden(jden)esconder
hit(jit)hit(jit)hit(jit)golpear
hold(juld)held(jeld)held(jeld)sostener asir
keep(kip)kept(kept)kept(kept)guardar, mantener
Verbos Irregulares
(1)( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )( 5 )(6)( 7 )( 8 )( 9 )( 10 )( 11 )
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
kneel(nil)knelt(nelt)knelt(nelt)arrodillarse
know(nu)knew(ni)known(nun)saber, conocer
lead(lid)led(led)led(led)guiar
leave(liv)left(left)left(left)dejar irse
lend(lend)lent(lent)lent(lent)prestar
lose(lus)lost(lost)lost(lost)perder
make(mik)made(mid)made(mid)hacer
mean(min)meant(ment)meant(ment)significar
meet(mit)met(met)met(met)encontrarse con
pay(pi)paid(pid)paid(pid)pagar
Verbos Irregulares
(1)( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )( 5 )( 6 )(7)( 8 )( 9 )( 10 )( 11 )
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
put(put)put(put)put(put)poner
read(rid)read(red)read(red)leer
ride(rid)rode(rud)ridden(rden)montar, andar en
ring(ring)rang(raang)rung(rang)sonar
run(ran)ran(raan)run(ran)correr
say(si)said(sed)said(sed)decir
see(si)saw(so)seen(sin)ver
seek(sik)sought(sot)sought(sot)buscar
sell(sel)sold(suld)sold(suld)vender
shake(shik)shook(shuk)shaken(shiken)sacudir
Verbos Irregulares
(1)( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )( 5 )( 6 )( 7 )(8)( 9 )( 10 )( 11 )
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
shine(shin)shone(shun)shone(shun)brillar
shoot(sht)shot(sht)shot(shot)disparar
show(shu)showed(shud)shown(shun)mostrar
shrink(shrink)shrank(shraank)shrunk(shrank)encogerse
sing(sing)sang(sang)sung(saang)cantar
sink(sink)sank(saank)sunk(sank)hundir
sit(sit)sat(sat)sat(sat)sentarse
slay(sli)slew(slu)slain(slin)matar
sleep(slip)slept(slept)slept(slept)dormir
slide(slid)slid(slid)slid(slid)deslizarse
Verbos Irregulares
(1)( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )( 5 )( 6 )( 7 )( 8 )(9)( 10 )( 11 )
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
sling(sling)slung(slang)slung(slaang)tirar arrojar
speak(spik)spoke(spuk)spoken(spuken)hablar
spend(spend)spent(spent)spent(spent)gastar
spin(spin)spun(span)spun(span)hilardar vueltas
stand(stand)stood(std)stood(std)ponerse (estar) de pie
steal(stil)stole(stul)stolen(stulen)robar
stick(stik)stuck(stak)stuck(stak)pegar(con cola), meter
sting(sting)stung(stang)stung(stang)picar pinchar
strike(strik)struck(strak)struck(strak)golpear pegar
strive(striv)strove(struv)striven(strven)esforzarse
Verbos Irregulares
(1)( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )( 5 )( 6 )( 7 )( 8 )( 9 )(10)( 11 )
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
swear(sur)swore(sur)sworn(surn)jurar
sweep(suip)swept(supt)swept(supt)barrer
swell(sul)swelled(suld)swollen(sulen)hinchar
swim(sum)swam(suam)swum(sum)nadar
take(tik)took(tk)taken(tiken)llevar tomar
teach(tich)taught(tot)taught(tot)ensear
tear(ter)tore(tor)torn(torn)desgarrar
tell(tel)told(tuld)told(tuld)decir
think(zink)thought(zot)thought(zot)pensar
thrive(zriv)throve(zruv)thriven(zrven)prosperar
Verbos Irregulares
(1)( 2 )( 3 )( 4 )( 5 )( 6 )( 7 )( 8 )( 9 )( 10 )(11)
Simple PresentSimple PastPast ParticipleMeanings
throw(zru)threw(zru)thrown(zrun)arrojar
tread(tred)trod(trod)trodden(trden)pisar
understand(-stand)understood(-std)understood(-std)entender
wear(wer)wore(wor)worn(worn)usar (ropa)
weave(wv)wove(wov)woven(wven)tejer
weep(wip)wept(wpt)wept(wpt)llorar
win(win)won(won)won(won)ganar
wind(wind)wound(wund)wound(wund)enrollar
wring(ring)wrung(rang)wrung(rang)estrujar
write(rit)wrote(rut)written(rten)escribir
Verbos Modales
CanMayWillShallMust
CouldMightWouldShouldOught to
p.ej.I can: (puedo/s)
Affirmative:canNegative:can't / cannotInterrogativeCan ...?
I can drivePuedo/s conducirI cannot readNo puedo/s leerCan you speak Spanish?Pods/sabs hablar espaol?
You can play chessT puedes/sabes jugar al ajedrezYou can't say thatNo puedes decir esoCan you play chess?Pods/Sabs jugar al ajedrez?
He can go if he wantsl puede ir si quiereHe can't finish this nowl no puede terminar esto ahoraCan we tell you something?Podemos decirte algo?
That can be very difficultEso puede ser muy difcilShe can't read without glassesElla no puede leer sin anteojosCan she go out tonight?Puede ella salir esta noche?
It can be rainingPuede estar lloviendoIt cannot be so easy(algo) No puede ser tan fcilCan it fly?(algo)Puede volar?
We can do that very easilyPodemos hacer eso muy facilmenteWe can't understand thisNo podemos entender estoCan we start tomorrow?Podemos empezar maana?
Anybody can have bad luckCualquiera puede tener mala suerteYou can't be so crazyNo puedes estar tan locoCan I be with you?Puedo estar contigo?
The film can be very boringEl film puede ser muy aburridoThey cannot live hereEllos no pueden vivir aquCan they stay with us?Pueden ellos quedrse con nosotros?
Affirmative
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
cango
come
work
live
speak
...
Negative
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
cannotcan'tgo
come
work
live
speak
...
Interrogative
CanI
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
go ?
come ?
work ?
live ?
speak ?
...
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) ACCOUNT FOR- explicar-4) ASK AFTER-preguntar por alguien-
2) ADD UP-tener sentido-5) ASK FOR-preguntar por-
3) ALLOW FOR-tener en cuenta-6) ASK OUT- invitar a salir-
Ejemplos
1) The stormaccounts forthe plane crash.4) Susan isasking afteryour brother.
2) "I can't understand this. It doesn'tadd up".5) He was very hungry andaskedmeforsomething to eat.
3) All good fishermenallow forthe posibility of snake bites.6) John likes Susan. He willaskherouttonight.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) BACK DOWN- echarse atrs7) BREAK DOWN- averiarse, descomponerse
2) BACK OUT- romper una promesa8) BREAK IN(TO)- entrar por la fuerza
3) BACK UP- apoyar9) BREAK OUT- comenzar (una calamidad)
4) BACK UP- retroceder10) BREAK UP- romper relaciones
5) BLOW UP- estallar11) BRING UP- educar, criar
6) BLOW UP- llenar de aire, inflar12) BRING UP- proponer, traer a colacin
Ejemplos
1) Susan threatened to leave, but later shebacked downand stayed.7) Jack had a terrible day yesterday. His carbroke downon his way to work.
2) Bill's father promised to buy him a bicycle, but he finallybacked outof his promise.8) Burglarsbroke intoJack's apartment while he was on vacation.
3) If you decide to present that proposal, I'llbackyouup.9) The nation was happy until a terrible warbroke out.
4) Can youbackyour carupa little? It's blocking my driveway !10) Tom got very angry andbroke upwith Susan.
5) The soldiersblewthe bridgeup. Nobody can cross now.11) His parents died, so he wasbrought upby his grandfather.
6) Will you help meblowthese balloonsupfor the party?12) A posible solution wasbrought upin the last meeting.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) CALL OFF- cancelar, suspender11) COME ACROSS- encontrar, toparse con
2) CALL ON- visitar, acudir a12) COME ALONG- acompaar
3) CALL UP- llamar por telfono13) COME AWAY / OFF- desprenderse, soltarse
4) CARE FOR- gustar (se usa negando)14) COME DOWN WITH- enfermarse de
5) CARRY ON- continuar , seguir15) COME LOOSE- aflojarse
6) CARRY OUT- llevar a cabo, realizar16) COME OVER- venir a la casa de uno
7) CATCH UP (WITH)- alcanzar17) COME ROUND / TO- recobrar la conciencia
8) CHECK IN- registrarse ( en hotel , etc)18) COUNT ON- contar con , confiar en
9) CHECK OUT- investigar19) CUT BACK ON- reducir en consumo de
10) CHECK OUT OF- irse ( de un hotel, etc)20) CUT UP- cortar en pedacitos
Ejemplos
1) The football match wascalled offdue to the heavy rain.11) Icame acrossan old friend yesterday.
2) If you have problems with your homework, you cancall onme.12) If you want, you cancome alongwith us.
3) Please,callmeupwhen you finish that report.13) I caught the rope strongly with my hands, but itcame off.
4) I really like Brazil, but I don'tcaremuchforits food.14) Bob didn't come to work today. Hecame down withthe flu.
5) Although we are very tired, we mustcarry onwith this work.15) The ropecame loose, so the boat started to drift away.
6) The work on the building wascarried outin only two months.16) We are going to have a party at home tonight. Will youcome over?
7) Sally is so intelligent and so fast. It's really hard tocatch up withher.17) She fainted, but fortunately shecame roundvery quickly.
8) He arrived at the hotel andchecked in.18) You cancount onJack. He is very honest.
9) I think this information is wrong. Could youcheckitout?19) You are a little overweight. You shouldcut back onthe amount of fat in your meals.
10) Hechecked outofthe hotel because he didn't like the service.20) In order to make this stew,cut upthe meat first.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) DO AWAY WITH- abolir, eliminar6) DRAW NEAR- acercarse
2) DO UP- abrochar, atar7) DRAW UP- redactar
3) HAVE TO DO WITH- tener que ver con8) DRAW UP- detenerse, pararse
4) DO WITHOUT- arreglrselas sin9) DROP IN (ON)- dar un visita
5) DRAG ON- ser interminable10) DROP OUT (OF)- abandonar, dejar de ir a
Ejemplos
1) The police are trying todo away withcrime in this city.6) As summerdraws near, people think about going to the beach.
2) Bill's mother taught him how todo uphis shoelaces.7) After they had agreed on the terms, theydrew upa contract.
3) That storyhasnothingto do withthe real facts.8) Billdrewhis carupwhen he saw children crossing the street.
4) The refrigerator was empty, so I had todo withoutbreakfast that day.9) Next week I will have a lot of free time. Please,drop inanytimeyou want.
5) Timedrags onwhen you are waiting for something10) Many young people aredropping out ofschool nowadays.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) FACE UP TO- hacer frente a6) FEEL UP TO- sentirse capaz de
2) FALL BEHIND- quedarse atrs7) FIGURE OUT- comprender, entender
3) FALL FOR- enamorarse de8) FILL IN / UP- rellenar (formularios)
4) FALL THROUGH- fracasar (un plan)9) FILL IN FOR- reemplazar, substituir
5) FEEL LIKE- tener ganas de10) FIND OUT- averiguar, descubrir
Ejemplos
1) He had toface up tomany problems during his childhood.6) This is a very difficult task. Do youfeel up todoing it ?
2) John was supposed to finish this work today, but hefell behind.7) Jane is still trying tofigure outhow to solve the math problem.
3) Jack finds Mary to be very attractive. I think hefell forher.8) Your address is missing in the form. Can youfillitin, please ?
4) I wanted to go fishing on Sunday, but my plansfell throughdue to the bad weather.9) The Professor Brown is not coming . Mrs Smith willfill in forhim today.
5) I don'tfeel likeworking today.10) The firemen are trying tofind outthe cause of the fire.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) GET ALONG (WITH)- llevarse bien (con)7) GIVE AWAY- regalar
2) GET BY- sobrevivir (financieramente)8) GIVE IN- ceder, entregarse
3) GET OVER- recuperarse (de algo malo)9) GIVE UP- rendirse, darse por vencido
4) GET THROUGH (WITH)- terminar, finalizar10) GIVE UP- dejar de
5) GET TOGETHER- reunirse, juntarse11) GO ALONG WITH- estar de acuerdo con
6) GET RID OF- deshacerse de, librarse de12) GO ON (WITH)- continuar
Ejemplos
1) Dogs don't usuallyget along withcats.7) You don't wear those shoes anymore. Why don't yougivethemaway?
2) The whole family had toget byon the mother's salary.8) The boxer cannot continue fighting. He willgive inat any moment.
3) Johngot overhis illness very quickly.9) You are about to finish the race. Don'tgive upnow!
4) Alice won't be able toget through withher project until next year..10) Mary is pregnant. She shouldgive upsmoking.
5) The familygot togetherto celebrate Christmas.11) That manager nevergoes along withthe workers' ideas.
6) Why don't youget rid ofthese old magazines?12) We have togo onwiththis work.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) GET ALONG (WITH)- llevarse bien (con)7) GIVE AWAY- regalar
2) GET BY- sobrevivir (financieramente)8) GIVE IN- ceder, entregarse
3) GET OVER- recuperarse (de algo malo)9) GIVE UP- rendirse, darse por vencido
4) GET THROUGH (WITH)- terminar, finalizar10) GIVE UP- dejar de
5) GET TOGETHER- reunirse, juntarse11) GO ALONG WITH- estar de acuerdo con
6) GET RID OF- deshacerse de, librarse de12) GO ON (WITH)- continuar
Ejemplos
1) Dogs don't usuallyget along withcats.7) You don't wear those shoes anymore. Why don't yougivethemaway?
2) The whole family had toget byon the mother's salary.8) The boxer cannot continue fighting. He willgive inat any moment.
3) Johngot overhis illness very quickly.9) You are about to finish the race. Don'tgive upnow!
4) Alice won't be able toget through withher project until next year..10) Mary is pregnant. She shouldgive upsmoking.
5) The familygot togetherto celebrate Christmas.11) That manager nevergoes along withthe workers' ideas.
6) Why don't youget rid ofthese old magazines?12) We have togo onwiththis work.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) KEEP ON- seguir, continuar3) KNOCK OUT- dejar sin sentido
2) KEEP UP WITH- mantenerse al nivel de4) KNOCK OVER- tirar, volcar, atropellar
Ejemplos
1) John willkeep onworking in that firm for two more years.
2) Laura is so smart and fast. It's really difficult tokeep up withher!
3) The old ladyknockedthe thiefoutwith her umbrella.
4) The carknockedthe boyover. Now, he is at the hospital.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) LAY OFF- despedir10) LOOK BACK ON- recordar, mirar hacia atrs
2) LEAVE OUT- omitir, olvidar11) LOOK DOWN ON- despreciar, menospreciar
3) LET DOWN- decepcionar , defraudar12) LOOK FOR- buscar
4) LET IN- dejar entrar13) LOOK FORWARD TO- esperar con ilusin
5) LET OUT- dejar salir14) LOOK INTO- investigar
6) LET OFF- dejar ir (sin castigo)15) LOOK OUT (FOR)- tener ciudado (de)
7) LET UP- amainar, disminuir16) LOOK UP- buscar (una palabra, direccin etc)
8) LIVE UP TO- cumplir con, actuar de acuerdo a17) LOOK UP- visitar
9) LOOK AFTER- cuidar18) LOOK UP TO- respetar, admirar
Ejemplos
1) The company haslaid offten workers this year.10) Grandparents alwayslook back ontheir young days.
2) Jackleft outhis address in the form.11) Jim is so arrogant. Helooks down oneverybody less intelligent than him.
3) I trusted you, but youletmedown!12) Tom islooking fora new job.
4) Sally is knocking at the door.Letherin!13) Billy islooking forward togoing on vacation to Europe.
5) Sally wants to leave.Letherout!14) I think this report is wrong. Can youlook intoit?
6) The judge felt sorry for the thief andlethimoff.15) Be careful !.Look out forsnakes in this area !
7) The rain started tolet up.16) Edward islooking upa word in the dictionary.
8) Everybody thinks Robert is a good person. He tries tolive up tothat reputation.17) If you come to my city, don't forget tolookmeup!
9) The nanny islooking afterthe children.18) He is the smartest in the class. Everybodylooks up tohim.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) MAKE FOR- dirigirse a5) MAKE UP- maquillarse
2) MAKE OFF WITH- robar, marcharse con6) MAKE UP (WITH)- reconciliarse (con)
3) MAKE OUT- distinguir, descifrar, entender7) MAKE UP FOR- compensar
4) MAKE UP- inventar, hacer8) MIX UP- confundir, mezclar
Ejemplos
1) The plane wasmaking forthe airport.5) Becky uses red lipstick and pink powder tomake upher face.
2) The maidmade off withsome of the china from the dinning room.6) Laura and his boyfriend had an argument last night, but theymade uptoday.
3) The ship was so far from the coast that nobody couldmake outits nationality.7) Bill couldn't visit Mary yesterday. So, he brought her a gift tomake up forit.
4) That writermakes upfantastic stories about life in the future.8) The teachermixedmeupwith so much information.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) PART WITH- deshacerse de, regalar10) PULL DOWN- derribar, demoler
2) PASS AWAY- morir11) PULL OVER- detenerse a un lado de la calle
3) PASS OUT- distribuir, repartir12) PULL THROUGH- salir adelante, recobrarse
4) PASS OUT- desmayarse13) PUT AWAY- guardar, poner en su lugar
5) PICK ON- molestar - fastidiar14) PUT BACK- poner donde estaba
6) PICK OUT- escoger15) PUT OFF- posponer
7) PICK UP- recoger16) PUT ON- ponerse (ropa, joyas etc)
8) PICK UP- pasar a buscar17) PUT OUT- apagar (fuego, luces etc)
9) POINT OUT- indicar18) PUT UP WITH- tolerar, aguantar
Ejemplos
1) These books are occupying too much space. I'll have topart withthem.10) The construction workers willpull downthe old building.
2) My grandfatherpassed awayfive years ago.11) The policeman ordered the speeding driver topull over.
3) James waspassing outnew books to everyone in class.12) She was in a hard situation, but somehow shepulled through.
4) Nancypassed outwhen she heard the bad news.13) The little boy's room is a mess. His mother wants him toputhis toysaway.
5) Everyone in classpicked onthe new student.14) I took a book from the bookcase, but Iputitbackat once.
6) Helen likes topick outthe best apples at the supermarket.15) We'll have toput offour meeting for the next week.
7) I found a strange coin at the beach and Ipickeditup.16) Iput ona warm coat because it was cold outside.
8) Jane is going to the movies. Brian willpickherupat 7:30 p.m.17) The firemenput outthe fire in less than an hour.
9) The presidentpointed outthe achievements of his goverment.18) That noise is bothering me. I cannotput up withit any longer.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) RIP OFF- estafar, cobrar demasiado4) RUN INTO- encontrarse con
2) RUN ACROSS- encontrarse con5) RUN OUT OF- quedarse sin
3) RUN AWAY- escapar6) RUN OVER- atropellar con el auto
Ejemplos
1) " Don't buy anything in that store. They'llripyouoff"4) Lauraran intoMary when she was at the supermarket.
2) Janeran acrossher old friend from school at the supermarket.5) They wanted to go to Europe, but they hadrun out ofmoney.
3) The thief tried torun away, but the police caught him.6) The carran overthe dog that crossed the street.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) SEE ABOUT- atender a, encargarse de10) SHOW OFF- fanfarronear, presumir
2) SEND FOR- mandar a buscar11) SHOW UP- aparecer
3) SET BACK- retrasar, demorar12) SHUT UP- callar, silenciar
4) SET IN- comenzar13) SLIP AWAY- escabullirse
5) SET OFF- partir14) STAND FOR- significar, representar
6) SET OUT- partir15) STAND OUT- sobresalir, destacarse
7) SET UP- establecer16) STAND UP- dejar ( a alguien ) plantado
8) SETTLE DOWN- establecerce, adaptarse17) STAND UP FOR- defender (verbalmente) a
9) SETTLE UP- pagar lo que se debe18) STAND UP TO- hacer frente a
Ejemplos
1) Let's organize a party! You cansee aboutgetting the groceries.10) He always tries to impress people byshowing off.
2) Billy was feeling sick, so his mothersent forthe doctor.11) We waited for her, but she didn'tshow up.
3) The workers' strikeset backthe completion of the new building.12) Be quiet!...Shut up!
4) People start to wear warm clothes when the wintersets in.13) When nobody was watching, heslipped away.
5) The boat willset offearly in the morning.14) The letters U. N.stand forUnited Nations.
6) All the sailors willset outin that boat tomorrow.15) That boy is so smart. He alwaysstands outin class.
7) That athleteset upa new world record.16) John waited for Jane, but she didn't come. Shestoodhimup.
8) Brian likes this city. He is trying tosettle down.17) Everyone criticized her. Nobodystood up forher.
9) He won the lottery and was able tosettle upall his debts.18) You have to be brave. You have tostand up tothat problem.
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) TAKE AFTER- parecerse a11) TRY OUT- probar, poner a prueba
2) TAKE APART- desmontar, desarmar12) TRY OUT FOR- tratar de ingresar a
3) TAKE CARE OF-cuidar13) TURN DOWN- rechazar
4) TAKE OFF- despegar (un avin)14) TURN IN- irse a la cama
5) TAKE OFF- quitarse (ropa)15) TURN INTO- convertir en
6) TAKE UP- ocupar16) TURN ON- prender, encender
7) TALK OVER- discutir17) TURN OFF- apagar
8) THROW AWAY- tirar a la basura18) TURN OUT TO BE- resultar ser
9) THROW UP- vomitar19) TURN DOWN- bajar el volumen
10) TRY ON- probarse (ropa)20) TURN UP- subir el volumen
Ejemplos
1) Miketakes afterhis father.11) The technicians aretrying outthe new car.
2) I have to repair this TV. I have totakeitapartfirst.12) Tim would like totry out forthe baseball team.
3) The nanny istaking care ofthe children.13) Mike asked Jane out, but sheturnedhimdown.
4) The plane istaking offat this moment.14) I am tired and it is too late. I think I'llturn in.
5) His T-shirt was so dirty. He had totakeitoff.15) This sofaturns intoa bed.
6) The old pianotakes uptoo much space. They will move it somewhere else.16) I was bored, so Iturnedthe TVon.
7) This subject is important. We musttalkitover.17) I got tired of watching TV, so Iturneditoff.
8) Hethrew awayall the things that he didn't use.18) The film seemed good at first, but itturnedoutto bevery boring.
9) He had drunk so much that he had tothrow up.19) The music is too loud. Please,turnitdown
10) I like this T-shirt. Can Itryiton?20) Could youturnthe TVup. I can't hear it
Verbos Frasales
anteriorsiguiente
1) WAIT ON- atender, servir6) WIPE OUT- destruir completamente
2) WALK OUT ON- abandonar (novio/a)7) WORK OUT- hacer ejercicio (en un gym)
3) WARM UP- entrar en calor8) WORK OUT- resolver, elaborar
4) WATCH OUT (FOR)- tener ciudado (de)9) WRITE DOWN- anotar, tomar apuntes
5) WEAR OUT- desgastar completamente10) WRITE UP- redactar
Ejemplos
1) The salesgirl iswaiting onthe customer.6) The small town waswiped outby the tornado.
2) Sally is sad because her boyfriendwalked out onher.7) Robert is in good shape because heworks outat the gym everyday.
3) Runnerswarm upbefore starting a race.8) They have many problems in the company, but they willworkthemout.
4) "If you go into the jungle,watch out fortigers "9) The reporterwrote downeverything the rock star had said.
5) I havewornthese shoesout. I have to buy another pair.10) They have reached an agreement and now they willwrite upthe contract.
Voz Pasiva
Tiempos SimplesTiempos Progresivos
PresentPast PerfectPresent Continuous
PastFuturePast Continuous
Present PerfectModalsFuture Continuous
Frmula:Subject + (am/are/is) + V3
SentenceTranslation
The products are inspectedSe inspeccionan los productos
Workers are replaced by robotsSe reemplazan los obreros por robots
Thieves are arrestedSe arresta a los ladornes
That car is washed very weekSe lava ese auto todas las semanas
He is asked to be quietSe le pide que est callado
He is told not to make noiseSe le dice que no haga ruido
A solution is foundSe encuentra una solucin
Those houses are painted every yearSe pintan esas casas todos los aos
I am given a good adviceSe me d un buen consejo
The student is ordered to leave the roomSe le ordena al estudiante que salga del aula
The kid is told not to cross the streetSe le dice al nio que no cruce la calle
I am asked to give a speechSe me pide que d un discurso
A million copies are sold every yearSe venden un milln de copias todos los aos
The suspect is investigatedSe investiga al sospechoso
Bill is asked to pay what he owesSe le pide a Bill que pague lo que debe
The murderer is sentenced to deathSe sentencia a muerte al asesino
Rules are changedSe cambian las reglas
A skyscraper is builtSe construye un rascacielos
Conditional Sentences
TypeIF clauseMain Clause
Type IPresentwill/ can/ may /must + V1
Type IIPastwould/ could/ might + V1
Type IIIPast Perfectwould/ could/ might + have V3
HabitualPresentPresent
ImperativoPresentImperative
SentenceTranslation
If he is busy now, I will come back tomorrowSi est ocupado ahora, regresar maana
If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoonSi tengo tiempo, visitar a mis padres esta tarde
If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the beachSi est caluroso maana, iremos a la playa
If it is cold, you must wear warm clothesSi est fro, debes usar ropa abrigada
If he doesn't do his homework, he can not go to the partySi l no hace su tarea, no puede ir a la fiesta
If she doesn't call you, you can call herSi ella no te llama, tu puedes llamarla
If you work hard, you may become a millonaire somedaySi trabajas duro, puede que te conviertas en un millonario algn da
If you spend more than you earn, you'll become a poor manSi gastas ms de lo que ganas, te convertirs en un hombre pobre
If they don't invite you, you must not goSi ellos no te invitan, no debes ir
If we don't hurry, we'll miss our busSi no nos apuramos, perderemos nuestro autobus
If you pay now, you'll get a discountSi pagas ahora, obtendrs un descuento
If they don't want to go out, they can stay homeSi no quieren salir, se pueden quedar en casa
If you drink too much, you'll get drunkSi bebes demasiado, te emborrachars
If you feel sick, you must stay in bedSi te sientes enfermo, debes quedarte en cama
If they don't come here, we'll have to go thereSi ellos no vienen aqu, tendremos que ir all
There Be (impersonal)
ver + - ?ConjugacionesSignificadoEjemplos
THERE IS (singular)HAYThere is a house
THERE ARE (plural)HAYThere are two houses
THERE WAS (s)HUBO, HABAThere was a party last night
THERE WERE (p)HUBO, HABAThere were many people
THERE HAS BEEN (s)HA HABIDOThere has been a hurricane
THERE HAVE BEEN (p)HA HABIDOThere have been two hurricanes
THERE HAD BEENHABA HABIDOThere had been many problems
THERE WILL BEHABRThere will be a party tonight
THERE IS GOING TO BE (s)VA A HABERThere is going to be a celebration
THERE ARE GOING TO BE (p)VA A HABERThere are going to be many guests
THERE WAS GOING TO BE (s)IBA A HABERThere was going to be a party yesterday
THERE WERE GOING TO BE (p)IBA A HABERThere were going to be many guests
THERE WILL HAVE BEENHABR HABIDOThere will have been much money
THERE WOULD BEHABRAThere would be an orchestra
THERE WOULD HAVE BEENHABRA HABIDOThere would have been many musicians
THERE CAN BEPUEDE HABERThere can be a fire
THERE COULD BEPODRA/ PUDO HABERThere could be many injured people
THERE MAY BEPUEDE HABERThere may be a storm
THERE MIGHT BEPODRA HABERThere might be blackouts
THERE SHOULD BEDEBERA HABERThere should be a warning
THERE MUST BEDEBE HABERThere must be a way out
THERE HAS TO BE (s)TIENE QUE HABERThere has to be a solution
THERE HAVE TO BE (p)TIENE QUE HABERThere have to be several solutions
THERE HAD TO BETUVO/ TENA QUE HABERThere had to be a cause
THERE COULD HAVE BEENPODRA/PUDO HABER HABIDOThere could have been a mistake
THERE MIGHT HAVE BEENPODRA HABER HABIDOThere might have been an explosion
THERE SHOULD HAVE BEENDEBERA HABER HABIDOThere should have been warnings
THERE MUST HAVE BEENDEBE HABER HABIDOThere must have been an error
THERE HAS TO HAVE BEEN (s)TIENE QUE HABER HABIDOThere has to have been a reason
THERE HAVE TO HAVE BEEN (p)TIENE QUE HABER HABIDOThere have to have been many reasons
THERE HAD TO HAVE BEENTUVO/TENA QUE HABER HABIDOThere had to have been a purpose
going to(gonna)
AffirmativeTraducin
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are
going to(gonna)cometomorrow
gonext week
bringhis sister
takeher brother
bevery easy
havea party
arriveearly
leavelate
Voy a venir maana
T vas a ir la prxima semana
l va a traer a su hermana
Ella va a llevar a su hermano
Va a ser muy fcil
Nosotros vamos a tener una fiesta
Ustedes van a llegar temprano
Ellos se van a ir tarde
NegativeTraduccin
I amnotYou arenotHe isnotShe isnotIt isnotWe arenotYou arenotThey arenot
going to(gonna)cometomorrow
gonext week
bringhis sister
takeher brother
bevery easy
havea party
arriveearly
leavelate
Novoy a venir maana
Tnovas a ir la prxima semana
lnova a traer a su hermana
Ellanova a llevar a su hermano
Nova a ser muy fcil
Novamos a tener una fiesta
Ustedesnovan a llegar temprano
Ellosnose van a ir tarde
InterrogativeTraduccin
Am I
Are you
Is he
Is she
Is it
Are we
Are you
Are they
going to(gonna)cometomorrow ?
gonext week ?
bringhis sister ?
takeher brother ?
bevery easy ?
havea party ?
arriveearly ?
leavelate ?
Voy a venir maana?
Vas a ir la prxima semana?
l va a traer a su hermana?
Ella va a llevar a su hermano?
Va a ser muy fcil?
Nosotros vamos a tener una fiesta?
Ustedes van a llegar temprano?
Ellos se van a ir tarde?
Ms ejemplos: I am going to travel to Paris. (voy a viajar a Pars)
I am going to visit my grandmother(voy a visitar a mi abuela)
She is going to make a cake for me(ella va a hacer una torta para mi)
They are not going to remember that(ellos no se van a acordar de eso)
We are not going to go anywhere(nosotros no vamos a ir a ninguna parte)
Who is going to come today ?(Quin va a venir hoy?)
Are you going to buy a new car?(Vas comprar un nuevo auto?)
Are they going to help you ?(Ellos te van a ayudar?)
What are you going to bring ?(Qu vas a traer?)
When is she going to arrive ?(Cundo va a llegar ella?)
Imperatives
La forma imperativa se usa para dar instrucciones, rdenes, sugerencias, advertencias y consejosEn forma afirmativaEn forma negativa
Come here- Ven aquDon't cross the street !- No cruces la calle!
Go there- And allDon't say that !-No digas eso!
Open the door- Abr la puertaDon't be so mean !- No seas tan malo!
Leave me alone- Dejme soloDon't fight !- No peles!
Turn on the TV- Encend el televisorDon't drink so much !- No tomes tanto!
Turn off the radio- Apag la radioDon't invite so many people !- No invites tantas personas!
Be careful- S cuidadosoDon't make noise !- No hagas ruido!
Let me see that- Dejme ver esoDon't interrupt !- No interrumpas!
Call me up- Llamme por telfonoDon't drive so fast !-No conduzcas tan rpido!
Finish that report- Termin ese informeDon't be late !- No llegues tarde!
Sit down- SentteDon't come so early !- No vengas tan temprano!
Stand up- LevantteDon't buy so many things !- No compres tantas cosas!
Let's
El Let's (let us) se usa para hacer una sugerencia en la cul uno mismo se incluyeLet'sLet's not
Let's work- TrabajemosLet's not hurry- No nos apuremos
Let's make a party- Hagamos una fiestaLet's not do that- No hagamos eso
Let's buy some beers- Compremos algunas cervezasLet's not waste time- No desperdiciemos tiempo
Let's play basketball- Juguemos al bsketbolLet's not wait any more- No esperemos ms
Let's go to the movies- Vayamos al cineLet's not go so fast- No vayamos tan rpido
Let's eat some ice creams- Comamos algunos heladosLet's not drink so much- No tomemos tanto
Let's take a walk- Tomemos un paseoLet's not talk about that- No hablemos de eso
Let's consider this problem- Consideremos este problemaLet's not bother them- No los molestemos
Let's see what we can do- Veamos que podemos hacerLet's not interrupt- No interrumpamos
Let's try to do it- Tratemos de hacerloLet's not say anything- No digamos nada
Let's start with this- Comencemos con estoLet's not argue again- No discutamos de nuevo
Let's finish that- Terminemos esoLet's not be upset about it- No estemos molestos por ello
Agreement
Tambin (too) (so) --- Tampoco (either) (neither)Affirmative(too) (so)Negative(either) (neither)
I am hungry, and so are you.I am hungry, and you are too.I am not tired, and neither are my friends.I am not tired, and my friends are not either.
My wife is a lawyer, and so am I.My wife is a lawyer, and I am too.My sister is not here, and neither are my parents.My sister is not here, and my parents are not either.
She was here yesterday, and so was he.She was here yesterday, and he was too.They were not working, and neither was she.They were not working, and she was not either.
They were working, and so was I.They were working, and I was too.She was not from Brazil, and neither are they.She was not from Brazil, and they are not either.
I can swim, and so can my brother.I can swim, and my brother can too.I can't play chess, and neither can you.I can't play chess, and you can't either.
I could finish on time, and so could my colleagues.I could finish on time, and my colleagues could too.She couldn't see the film, and neither could I.She couldn't see the film, and I couldn't either.
They might go fishing, and so might we.They might go fishing, and we might too.He might not stay longer, and neither might we.He might not stay longer, and we might not either.
We must work hard, and so must he.We must work hard, and he must too.We must not be late, and neither must you.We must not be late, and you must not either.
I should study more, and so should you.I should study more, and you should too.I shouldn't drink so much, and neither should you.I shouldn't drink so much, and you shouldn't either.
They will go to the movies, and so will I.They will go to the movies, and I will too.They won't attend the concert, and neither will I.They won't attend the concert, and I won't either.
I would earn more, and so would my partner.I would earn more, and my partner would too.We wouldn't work on Sundays, and neither would she.We wouldn't work on Sundays, and she wouldn't either.
Bill is going to rest, and so are his friends.Bill is going to rest, and his friends are too.Mary is not going to come, and neither are her children.Mary is not going to come, and her children aren't either.
Jane studies German, and so do I.Jane studies German, and I do too.Susan doesn't know you, and neither do I.Susan doesn't know you, and I don't either.
I like to go fishing, and so does my brother.I like to go fishing, and my brother does too.I don't like novels, and neither does my girlfriend.I don't like novels, and my girlfriend doesn't either.
John cleaned the house, and so did his wife.John cleaned the house, and his wife did too.Bill didn't come, and neither did his brother.Bill didn't come, and his brother didn't either.
Jack worked hard, and so did his colleagues.Jack worked hard, and his colleagues did too.Jack didn't bring anything, and neither did his sister.Jack didn't bring anything, and his sister didn't either.
He has lived in this city for years, and so have we.He has lived in this city for years, and we have too.She has not seen that film yet, and neither has her boyfriend.She has not seen that film yet, and her boyfriend hasn't either.
They have gone on vacation, and so has their son.They have gone on vacation, and their son has too.Billy has not finished his work yet, and neither have his companions.Billy has not finished his work yet, and his companions haven't either.
I had heard a strange noise, and so had my friend.I had heard a strange noise, and my friend had too.He hadn't been there, and neither had his family.He hadn't been there, and his family hadn't either.
They have time, and so do I.They have time, and I do too.They don't have money, and neither do we.They don't have money, and we don't either.
Adjetivos
ContrastesComparativos &SuperlativosAdjetivos &VerbosAdjetivos &AdverbiosAdjetivos &Sustantivos
Contrastes
Awake -despiertoAsleep -dormido
Beautiful -hermosoUgly -feo
Big -grandeSmall -pequeo
Bitter -amargoSweet -dulce
Black -negroWhite -blanco
Careful -cuidadosoCareless -descuidado
Dark -oscuroLight -claro
Dead -muertoAlive -vivo
Deep -profundoShallow -superficial
Difficult -difcilEasy -fcil
Dirty -sucioClean -limpio
Drunk -borrachoSober -sobrio
Expensive -caroCheap -barato
Far -lejanoNear -cercano
Fast -rpidoSlow -lento
Fat -gordoThin -flaco
Full -llenoEmpty -vaco
Glad -contentoSad -triste
Good -buenoBad -malo
Happy -felizSorry -apenado
Hard -duroSoft -blando
Healthy -saludableSick -enfermo
Heavy -pesadoLight -liviano
High -altoLow -bajo
Hot -calienteCold -fro
Interesting -interesanteBoring -aburrido
Late -tardeEarly -temprano
Long -largoShort -corto
New -nuevoOld -viejo
On -encendidoOff -apagado
Past -pasadoFuture -futuro
Polite -corts, atentoRude -grosero
Rich -ricoPoor -pobre
Right -derechoLeft -izquierdo
Right -correctoWrong -equivocado
Rough -speroSmooth -suave, liso
Safe -seguroDangerous -peligroso
Same -mismoDifferent -diferente
Simple -simpleComplex -complejo
Single -solteroMarried -casado
Straight -derechoCrooked -torcido
Strong -fuerteWeak -dbil
Tall -altoShort -bajo
Thick -gruesoThin -delgado
True -verdaderoFalse -falso
Useful -tilUseless -intil
Warm -clidoCool -fresco
Wet -mojadoDry -seco
Wide -anchoNarrow -angosto, estrecho
Young -jovenOld -viejo
Adverbios
Se clasifican en adverbios de:
TIEMPOLUGARFRECUENCIAMODOGRADOASERCINRACIOCINIO
After -despusNever -nunca
Afterwards -despusNewly -recin
Again -otravezNext -luego
Already -yaNo longer -ya no
Always -siempreNow -ahora
As soon as -tan pronto comoNow and then -de vez en cuando
At last -al finOften -a menudo
Before -antesPresently -luego
Early -tempranoSeldom -rara vez
Ever -siempre, alguna vezShortly -en breve
Finally -finalmenteSince then -desde entonces
First -primeramenteSometimes -algunas veces
Formerly -anteriormenteSoon -pronto
Hereafter -despusThen -entonces
Last -por ltimoTill now -hasta ahora
Lastly -finalmenteToday -hoy
Late -tardeTomorrow -maana
Lately -ltimamenteUntil now -hasta ahora
Latterly -ltimamenteWhen -cuando
Long -mucho tiempoYesterday -ayer
Meanwhile -entretantoYet -todava
Conjunciones
According to -de acuerdo aNamely -a saber
After -despus queNeither... nor -ni... ni
Although -aunque, si bienNevertheless -sin embargo, no obstante
And -yNor -ni
As -cuando, mientras, a medida que, comoNotwithstanding -no obstante
As if -como siOr -o
As long as -mientras, con tal queOr else -sino
As soon as -en cuantoOtherwhise -de otra manera, si no
As though -como siProvided -siempre que , con tal de que
As well as -adems deProviding -siempre que , con tal de que
Because -porqueSince -puesto que, ya que, desde que
Because of -debido aSo as to -para
Before -antes queSo as not to -para no
Both...and -tanto...comoSo that -para que
But -peroStill -sin embargo, no obstante
But -sinoThan -que ( en comparaciones )
Either... or -o... oTherefore -por lo tanto
Even though -aunqueThough -aunque
Except -excepto, salvoUnless -a menos que
For -porqueUntil -hasta que
Furthermore -ademsWhenever -cada vez que, cuando
However -sin embargoWhereas -siendo que, mientras
If -siWhether -si
In case of -en caso deWhether... or -si... o
In order to -paraWhile -mientrar, mientras que, aunque
Moreover -adems, por otra parteYet -sin embargo, no obstante
According to(acrding tchu)-de acuerdo a
-Everything was doneaccording tohis instructions-- Todo fue hecho de acuerdo a sus instrucciones
After(fter)-despus que
-He started to eatafterhe had washed his hands-- Comenz a comer despus de haberse lavado las manos-Afterhe had eaten, he went to bed --Despus de que haba comido, se fue a la cama
Although(oldu)-aunque, si bien-(although = though = even though)
-Althoughhe was not tall, he was excellent at basketball --Aunque no era alto, era excelente para el baloncesto-Althoughshe appears to be happy, she is actually very sad-- Anque parece estar feliz, est muy triste en realidad
And -y
-Bill buys things andsellsthem at a higher price-- Bill compra cosas y las vende a un precio ms alto
As -cuando, mientras, a medida que, como
-Asthe two boys walked down the street, they found a wallet-- Mientras los dos chicos caminaban por la calle, encontraron una billetera-Aswinter approaches, the temperature gets colder and colder-- A medida que se aproxima el invierno, la temperatura se pone cada vs ms fra-Asshe entered the restaurant, she saw us-- Cuando entr al restaurant, ella nos vi-She actedasa crazy woman-- Ella actuaba como una loca-He is notasintelligentasthey think-- l no es tan inteligente como ellos piensan
As if -como si-(as if = as though)
-He actsas ifhe were rich-- l acta como si fuera rico-They treat meas ifthey didn't know me-- Me tratan como si no me conocieran-Bill started to shopas ifhe had won the lottery --Bill comenz comprar como si hubiera ganado la lotera-They lookedas ifthey hadn't slept for days-- Se vean como si no hubieran dormido desde hace das
As long as(as lng as)-mientras, siempre que
-You can stay hereas long asyou work hard-- Te puedes quedar aqu mientras trabajes duro-I will live in this cityas long asI can-- Vivir en esta ciudad mientras pueda-Nobody will know about this secretas long asyou keep mum-- Nadie sabr de este secreto mientras mantengas la boca cerrada
As soon as(as sn as)-en cuanto, tan pronto como
--I will do this workas soon asI can-- Har con este trabajo tan pronto como pueda--She started to workas soon asshe graduated from the university --Comenz a trabajar tan pronto como se gradu de la universidad
As though(as du)-como si-(as if = as though)
Ver "As if"
As well as -adems de
-My sisteras well asJohn will go to the movies tomorrow-- Mi hermana, as como John, irn al cine maana-She is intelligentas well askind-- Ella es inteligente adems de amable-She worksas well asshe studies-- Ella trabaja adems de estudiar
Because(bics)-porque
-I don't want to go outbecauseit is too cold --No quiero salir porque est demasiado fro
Because of -debido a
-They stayed inbecause ofthe bad weather-- Ellos se quedaron en casa debido al mal tiempo-She can not play sportsbecause ofher illness-- Ella no puede practicar deportes debido a su enfermedad
Before(bifr)-antes que
-Billy washed his handsbeforehe started to eat-- Billy se lav sus manos antes de empezar a comer-He had trained for yearsbeforehe decided to box professionally-- l haba entrenado durante aos antes de decidirse a boxear profesionalmente
Both...and(buz...nd)-tanto...como
-He speaksbothsoftlyandclearly-- l habla tanto suavemente como claramente-She playsboththe pianoandthe harp-- Ella toca tanto el piano como el harpa
But -pero
-He spoke clearly,butI didn't understand him-- Habl claramente pero no lo entend-She saw me,butshe didn't recognize me-- Me vi pero no me reconoci
But -sino
-She is not from Argentinabutfrom Brazil-- Ella no es de Argentina sino de Brazil-He didn't workbuthe rested all day-- No trabaj sino que descanz todo el da
Either... or(der...or)-o... o
-Eitherstart to workorquit this business-- O empezs a trajar o dejs este negocio-He must beeithervery braveorvery crazy --l debe ser o muy valiente o muy loco-Youshouldeither workorstudy --T deberas, o trabajar, o estudiar
Even though(ven du)-aunque(although = though = even though)
-ver although
Except(excpt)-excepto, salvo
-They would go to Europe,exceptthey have to go to Japan-- Iran a Europa salvo que tengan que ir a Japn
For -porque
-We'll have to stay home,forit is raining outside-- Tendremos que quedarnos en casa porque est lloviendo afuera-He didn't greet her,forhe was very angry-- l no la salud porque estaba muy enojado-She turned on the lights,forshe was afraid of the dark-- Encendi las luces porque tena miedo a la oscuridad
Furthermore(ferdermr)-adems-(furthermore = moreover)
-She doesn't want to study , andfurthermoreshe doesn't want to work either-- Ella no quiere estudiar y, adems, tampoco quiere trabajar-He was a bad person, andfurthermorehe was very proud of that-- l era una mala persona y, adems, estaba muy orgulloso de eso
However(jaover)-sin embargo-(however = nevertheless = notwithstanding)
-They were not having fun,howeverthey stayed all night-- Ellos no se estaban divirtiendo, sin embargo, se quedaron toda la noche-He didn't study much,howeverhe got good grades --l no estudiaba mucho, sin embargo, obtena buenas notas
If -si
-Ifyou drink too much, you'll get drunk --Si bebes demasiado, te emborrachars-Ifyou spend more than you earn, you'll become a poor man --Si gastas ms de lo que ganas, te convertirs en un hombre pobre-Ifhe were in my place, he wouldn't do this --Si l estuviese en mi lugar, no hara esto
In case (of)(in kis ov)-en caso (de)
-Break the windowin case ofemergency --Romper la ventana en caso de emergencia-Call this numberin caseyou get lost-- Llam a este nmero en caso de que te pierdas
In order to -para
-They left earlyin order toarrive on timefor the movie-- Ellos salieron temprano para llegar a tiempo para la pelcula-We are working harderin order toearn more money-- Estamos trabajando ms duro para ganar ms dinero
Moreover(moruver)-adems, por otra parte-(furthermore = moreover)
ver furthermore
Namely(nimli)-a saber
- There were two people in the house, namely Tom and Mary-- Haba dos personas en la casa, a saber Tom y Mary
Neither... nor(nder..or)-ni... ni
-I wantneitherto worknorto study --No quiero ni trabajar ni estudiar-She drinksneitherwinenorbeer-- Ella no toma ni vino ni cerveza-NeitherSusannorBill wants to see that film-- Ni Susan ni Bill quieren ver esa pelcula
Nevertheless(nverdils)-sin embargo, no obstante-(however = nevertheless = notwithstanding)
- Ver however
Nor -ni
--Bill didn't come today,norwill he come tomorrow-- Bill no vino hoy; ni (tampoco) vendr maana
Notwithstanding(ntwidstnding)-no obstante
-Ver however
Or -o
-He never works. He is always sleepingorwatching TV-- l nunca trabaja. Siempre est durmiendo o mirando TV-With all that money, they could buy a new houseortravel around the world-- Con todo ese dinero, ellos podran comprar una nueva casa o viajar alrededor del mundo
Or else(or ls)-sino
-You should study harder,or elseyou will fail the test-- Deberas estudiar ms duro, sino reprobars la prueba-They must leave now,or elsethey will arrive late-- Ellos deben salir ahora, sino llegarn tarde
Otherwhise(derwis)-de otra manera, si no
-We should finish this now,otherwisewe'll have to do it tomorrow-- Deberamos terminar esto ahora, sino tendremos que hacerlo maana-Fortunately they left early;otherwisethey wouldn't have arrived on time-- Afortunadamente salieron temprano; de otra manera no habran llegado a tiempo
Provided(provided)-siempre que , con tal de que- (provided = providing)
-I will buy the product,providedI can pay for it by credit card- Comprar el producto, siempre que pueda pagarlo con la tarjeta de crdito-They will believe you,providedyou swear that it is true- Te creern, siempre que jures que es verdad
Providing(providing)-siempre que , con tal de que-(provided = providing)
-They will go fishing next weekend,providingit doesn't rain-- Ellos irn a pescar el prximo fin de semana, siempre que no llueva
Since(sns)-puesto que, ya que, desde que
-He didn't understand a word,sincehe doesn't speak English-- No entendi ni una palabra puesto que no habla ingls-Sinceit was too late,they decided to go to sleep,-- Puesto que era demasiado tarde, decidieron irse a dormir-She shouldn't eat so much,sinceshe is a little fat-- No debera comer tanto puesto que est un poco gorda
So as to -para
-They decided to take a planeso asto travel faster-- Decidieron tomar una avin para viajar ms rpido-She paid by cashso asto get a good discount-- Pag en efectivo para obtener un buen descuento
So as not to -para no
-He took a short napso as not tobe too tired for the party-- El tom una breve siesta para no estar demasiado cansado para la fiesta-She wrote down his telephone numberso as not toforget it-- Ella anot su nmero de telfono para no olvidarlo
So that -para que
-You should learn more vocabularyso thatyou can speak better-- Deberas aprender ms vocabulario para que puedas hablar mejor-They decided to save extra moneyso thatthey would be able to go on vacation-- Decidieron ahorrar dinero extra para poder ir de vacaciones-He gave her a presentso thatshe would feel better-- l le di un regalo para que ella se sienta mejor
Still -sin embargo, no obstante
-Jack didn't study much for the test;stillhe managed to pass it-- Jack no estudi mucho para la prueba, no obstante, se las arregl para aprobar-He can not speak very well;stillhe understands everyting-- No puede hablar bien, sin embargo, entiende todo-They felt very sad;stillthey forced themselves to smile all the time-- Se sentan muy tristes, no obstante, se obligaban a si mismos a sonrer todo el tiempo
Than -que( en comparaciones )
-They started to have more problemsthanthey expected-- Empezaron a tener ms problemas que lo que esperaban-She discovered that learning English is more difficultthanshe thought-- Ella descubri que aprender ingls es ms dificil que lo que pens
Therefore(drfr)-por lo tanto
-I didn't have enough time to study for the test and therefore I couldn't pass it-- No tuve suficiente tiempo para estudiar para la prueba y, por lo tanto, no pude aprobarla-John left very late and therefore he didn't arrive on time-- John sali muy tarde y, por lo tanto, no lleg a tiempo
Though(du)-aunque-(although = though = even though)
-ver although
Unless(anls)-a menos que
-You can not drink alcohol here,unlessyou are an adult-- No puedes beber alcohol aqu, a menos que seas un adulto-They won't be able to travel to Europe,unlessthey have their passports-- No podrn viajar a Europa, a menos que tengan sus pasaportes-Unlessyou can speak English very well, you can not study in an american university-- A menos que puedas hablar ingls muy bien, no puedes estudiar en una universidad americana
Until(antl)-hasta que
-They listened in silenceuntilhe finished his speech-- Escucharon en silencio hasta que l termin su discurso-He looked for his keysuntilhe found them-- Busc sus llaves hasta que las encontr-Bill can not go out to play socceruntilhe completes his homework-- Bill no puede salir a jugar al ftbol hasta que termine su tarea
Whenever(wenver)-cada vez que, cuando
-He goes to the movieswheneverhe has the time-- l va al cine siempre cada vez que tiene tiempo-Wheneverthey have to work, they feel sick-- Cada vez que tienen que trabajar, se sienten enfermos
Whereas(uras)-siendo que, mientras
-The weather is very nice here in summer,whereasin winter it is not so good-- El tiempo es muy lindo aqu en verano, mientras que en invierno no es tan bueno
Whether(wder)-si
-You must tell mewhetheryou will come-- Debes decirme si vendrs-I don't knowwhetherto buy this computer or not --No s si comprar esta computadora o no
Whether... or -si... o
-I don't knowwhetherto take itorleave it-- No s si llevarlo o dejarlo-She didn't understandwhethershe had to goorstay --Ella no entendi si tena que ir o quedarse
While(wil)-mientrar, mientras que, aunque
-Many things happened herewhileyou were out--Muchas cosas pasaron aqu mientras t estuviste afuera-Whilethey didn't know her very well, they invited her to their wedding-- Aunque no la conocan bien, la invitaron a su boda
Yet(it)-sin embargo, no obstante
-He wanted to reply to that accusation,yethe didn't --l quera contestar a esa acusacin, sin embargo no lo hizo
Preposiciones
About -de, sobre, acerca deInto -en, a, dentro
Above -encima deNear -cerca de
Across -al otro lado de, a travs deNext to -al lado de, junto a
After -despus de, detrs de, trasOf -de
Against -contraOff -de, fuera de
Along -a lo largo deOn -en,sobre, encima
Amid -entre, en medio deOnto -encima de, sobre, en
Among -entre, en medio deOn top of -sobre, encima de
Around -alrededor deOut of -fuera de, sin
At -en, a, deOver -sobre, ms de, durante, al otro lado de
Before -delante de, antes dePer -por
Behind -detrs deRound -alrededor de
Below -debajo deSince -desde
Beneath -debajo deThrough -A travs de, por
Beside -al lado deThroughout -por todo, durante
Besides -adems deTill -hasta
Between -entre (dos)To -a, hasta, hacia
Beyond -ms all deToward -hacia
But -menos, salvo, exceptoUnder -debajo de
By -por, deUnderneath -debajo de
Down -porUntil -hasta
During -duranteUp -arriba de
For -por, paraUpon -sobre, encima de
From -de, desdeWith -con, de
In -en, a, dentro, deWithin -dentro de, a menos de
In front of -en frente deWithout -sin
About(abut)-de, sobre, acerca de
-We are talkingaboutthe film we saw last night-- Estabamos hablando acerca de la pelcula que vimos anoche-What was itabout? -- De qu se trataba ?
Above(abv)-encima de
- There was an UFOabovethe house-- Haba un OVNI encima de la casa
Across(acrs)-al otro lado de, a travs de
- My apartment isacrossthe street from the bank-- Mi departamento est al otro lado de la calle desde el banco-We ranacrossour neighbor's garden-- Corrimos a travs del jardn de nuestro vecino
After(fter)-despus de, detrs de, tras
-The dog is runningafterthe cat-- El perro est corriendo tras el gato-It is 5 minutesafter4 o'clock --Es 5 minutos despus de las 4 (es las cuatro y cinco minutos)
Against(egunst)-contra, en contra de
-The journalist wrote an articleagainstthe goverment-- El periodista escribi un artculo en contra del gobierno-The plane crashedagainstthe control tower- El avin se estrell contra la torre de control-He placed the ladderagainstthe wall --l puso la escalera contra la pared
Along(alng)-a lo largo de, por
- There are palm treesalongthe avenue --Hay palmeras a lo largo de la avenida-Many people walkalongthis corridor every day-- Muchas personas caminan por este pasillo todos los das
Amid(amd)-entre, en medio de
-He was standingamidthe crowd-- El estaba parado en medio de la multitud
Among(amng)-entre, en medio de
-I parked my caramongthe others-- Estacion mi auto en medio de los otros-Jesus divided the breadamonghis disciples-- Jess dividi el pan entre sus discpulos-There was a traitoramongthem --Haba un traidor entre ellos
Around(arund)-alrededor de
-He is wearing a chainaroundhis neck-- l est usando una cadena alrededor de su cuello-A lot of reporters werearoundthe actress-- Muchos reporteros estaban alrededor de la actriz
At(t)-en, a
-My parents areatwork-- Mis padres estn en el trabajo-We usually get upat8 o'clock, but on Sundays we get upatnoon--Generalmente nos levantamos a las 8 pero los domingos nos levantamos al medioda-She lookedatme --Ella me mir-He is very goodatsports-- l es muy bueno para los deportes-Atnight-- Por las noche-Attimes-- a veces-Atwar-- En guerra
Before(bifr)-delante de, antes de
- The orator stoodbeforethe audience- El orador se par delante del auditorio- Mary leftbeforeeveryone else-- Mary se fue antes que todos
Behind(bijind)-detrs de
- There is a gardenbehindthe house-- Hay un jardn detrs de la casa- The boxer in white trunks is three pointsbehindthe champion-- El boxeador de pantalones blancos est a tres puntos detrs del campen
Below(bilu)-bajo, debajo de -(under = below = beneath = underneath)
-She has an apartmentbelowmine-- Ella tiene un departamento debajo del mo-It is freezing. The temperature isbelowzero. --Est helando. La temperatura est bajo cero
Beneath(binz)-bajo,debajo de -(under = below = beneath = underneath)
-Johnny hid all his toysbeneathhis bed-- Johnny escondi todos sus juguetes debajo de su cama-I was sittingbeneathmy beach umbrella --Estaba sentado debajo de mi sombrilla de playa
Beside(bisid)-al lado de, junto a
-Mary satbesideme-- Mary se sent junto a m-There is a gardenbesidethe house-- Hay un jardn al lado de la casa
Besides(bisids)-adems de, excepto, aparte de
-There were two people at the housebesidesher-- Haba dos personas en la casa adems de ella-Besideshis reputation, he has nothing else left-- Aparte de su reputacin, a l no le queda nada ms
Between(bitun)-entre(solo referido a dos entidades)
-There are no secretsbetweenyou and me-- No hay secretos entre vos y yo-I don't eatbetweenmeals-- No como entre las comidas-There is a great distancebetweenthe two cities --Hay una gran distacia entre las dos ciudades
Beyond(bi nd)-ms all de, fuera de
-There is a riverbeyondthose mountains-- Hay un ro ms all de esas montaas-This problem isbeyondmy capacity. I can not understand it --Este problema est fuera de mi capacidad. No lo puedo entender-Beyonddoubt-- Fuera de toda duda
But(bat)-menos, salvo, excepto
-They work every daybutSunday-- Ellos trabajan todos los das salvo el domingo-We eat any foodbutmeat-- Comemos cualquier alimento excepto carne-Anyonebuther can go-- Cualquiera, excepto ella, puede ir
By(bi)-por, de, cerca
-This film was directed by Spielberg-- Este film was directed by Spielberg--I cameby(train/car/bus...)-- Vine en (tren/auto/autobs...)-I livebythe river-- Vivo cerca del ro-They will be hereby5 o'clock PM-- Estarn aqu cerca de las cinco de la tarde-An even number can be dividedbytwo-- Un nmero par puede dividirse por dos
Down(dun)-por
--I was walkingdownthe street when I saw the accident --Estaba caminando por la calle cuando v el accidente
During(diring)-durante
-The flowers blossomduringthe spring-- Las flores florecen durante la primavera-He sleptduringall the class-- l durmi durante toda la clase
For(for)-por, para, a favor
-I have lived hereformany years-- He vivido aqu desde hace (por) muchos aos-This present isforus-- Es regalo es para nosotros-They leftforChicago-- Ellos salieron para chicago-She wentfora walk-- Ella fue por una caminata-Are youforor against that proposal ?-- Ests a favor o en contra de esa propuesta ?-We walkedforfive miles that day-- Caminamos 5 millas ese da-Whatfor?-- Para qu ?
From(from)-de, desde
-Where are youfrom?-- De dnde sos ?-I received a letterfrommy sister-- Recib una carta de mi hermana-That city is farfromhere-- Esa ciudad est lejos de aqu-She worksfrom9 to 5 every day-- Ella trabaja de 9 a 5 todos los das-They think they are differentfromthe rest-- Ellos piensan que son diferentes del resto-I took a busfromMiami to Chicago-- Tom un autobs desde Miami a Chicago
In(in)-en, a, dentro, de
-Inhere- Aqu adentro-Inthere- All adentro-They will be in Miamiinsummer-- Estarn en Miami en el verano-Inthe (morning/ afternoon/ evening)-- por la maana/tarde/noche-I will see youintwo weeks-- Te ver en dos semanas
In front of(in frnt ov)-en frente de
-My house isin front ofthe bank --Mi casa est en frente del banco
Into(ntchu)-en, a, dentro, hacia adentro
-The cook wentintothe kitchen-- El cocinero fue a la cocina-He put some vegetablesintoa pot-- Puso algunas verduras dentro de una olla
Near(ner)-cerca de
-My apartment isneara bank-- Mi departamento est cerca de un banco
Next to(nxt tchu)-al lado de, junto a
-The bank isnext toa police station-- El banco est al lado de una comisara
Of(ov)-de
-The cabin is madeofwood-- La cabaa est hecha de madera-He is a friendofmine-- l es un amigo mo
Off(of)-de, fuera de(lo contrario de On)
-I took a bookoffthe shelf-- Saqu un libro del estante (antes estabaon= sobre the shelf)-He tookoffhis coat-- l se sac su saco (antes su saco estabaon= puesto)-The boat is 3 milesoffthe coast-- El barco est a 3 millas en frente de la costa-They turnedoffthe TV-- Ellos apagaron la TV (antes estabaon= encendido)
On -en,sobre, encima
-Onthe bed-- En la cama-Onthe wall-- En la pared-Onfoot-- A pie-Onthe telephone-- Al telfono-Onthe left/right-- A la izquierda/derecha-OnMonday/Tuesday...-- El lunes/martes...-Onthe radio. On TV-- En la radio . En la TV-Onvacation-- De vacaciones-She put her coaton-- Ella se puso su saco (antes estabaoff)-I turnedonthe lights-- Encend las luces (antes estabanoff)
Onto(ntu)-encima de, sobre, en
-The soccer players walkedontothe field-- Los futbolistas entraron al campo de juego
On top of(on tp ov)-sobre, encima de
-He was standingon top ofa roof-- Estaba parado en el techo
Out of(ut ov)-fuera de, sin
-He cameout ofthe bathroom-- l sali del bao-He took a rabbitout ofhis hat-- Sac un conejo de su galera-We areout ofmoney-- Estamos sin dinero
Over(uver)-sobre, ms de, durante, al otro lado de
-The plane was flyingoverthe city-- El avin estaba volando sobre la ciudad-She isover30 years old-- Ella tiene ms de 30 aos-Bill will not workoverthe next month-- Bill no trabajar durante el mes prximo-The dog jumpedoverthe fence and ran away-- El perro salt la cerca y huy
Per(per)-por
-That model charges 1000 dollarsperhour-- Esa modelo cobra 1000 dlares por hora
Round(rund)-alrededor de
-The shop is justroundthe corner-- El negocio est justo a la vuelta de la esquina-The family satroundthe table-- La familia se sent alrededor de la mesa
Since(sns)-desde
-Susan has been studyingsince3 o'clock-- Susan ha estado estudiando desde las 3-The champion has practiced this sportsincehe was a little boy-- El campen ha practicado este deporte desde que era un muchachito
Through(zr)-A travs de, por, por medio de
-I was able to see a housethroughthe fog-- Pude ver una casa a travs de la neblina-They ranthroughthe forest-- Corrieron a travs del bosque-I learned about his divorcethroughthe newspaper-- Me enter de su divorcio por medio del diario
Throughout(zru ut)-por todo, durante todo
-It was rainingthroughoutthe country-- Estaba lloviendo por todo el pas-It rainedthroughoutthe winter-- Llovi durante todo el invierno
Till(til)=hasta=Until
(ver until)
To(tchu)-a, hasta, hacia
-I wanttogive somethingtoher-- Quiero darle algo a ella-They turnedtothe left and went straighttothe university-- Doblaron a la izquierda y fueron derecho a la universidad
Toward(tuard)-hacia-(tambin se escribeTowards)
-A storm is goingtowardthe city-- Una tormenta est yendo hacia la ciudad-Billy started to runtowardhis mother-- Biilly comenz a correr hacia su madre-We were all very hungrytowardnoon-- Estbamos todos muy habrientos hacia el medioda
Under(nder)-debajo de -(under = below = beneath = underneath)
-The mouse wentunderthe bed-- El ratn se meti debajo de la cama-I have a T-shirtundermy sweater-- Tengo una remera debajo de mi suter-He is workingunderpressure-- l est trabajando bajo presin-Everything isundercontrol-- Todo est bajo control
Underneath(andernz)-debajo de -(under = below = beneath = underneath)
-There is rustunderneaththe paint --Hay xido debajo de la pintura
Until(antl)-hasta
-They played socceruntilthey got tired-- Jugaron al ftbol hasta que se cansaron-He studieduntilmidnight-- l estudi hasta la medianoche-The results will not be givenuntiltomorrow-- Los resultados no sern dados hasta maana
Up(ap)-hacia arriba de
-He climbedupthe mountain-- l trep la montaa-They wentupthe stairs-- Subieron las escaleras-Goupthis road until you see a big house-- And por este camino hasta que veas un gran casa
Upon(apn)-sobre, encima de
-He threw himselfuponthe floor-- Se tir al piso-She satuponthe bench-- Se sent en el banco-The engineers put their attentionuponthe new machine --Los ingenieros pusieron su atencin en la nueva mquina
With(widz)-con, de
-Will you comewithme ? --Vendrs conmigo?-She went to the partywithall her friends-- Se fue a la fiesta con todos sus amigos-The girlwithgreen eyes-- La chica de ojos verdes
Within(widn)-dentro de, a menos de
-The show will startwithinan hour-- El show comenzar dentro de una hora-There is a gas stationwithintwo miles from here-- Hay una estacin de servicio a menos de dos millas de aqu-That is notwithinour reach-- Eso no est dentro de nuestro alcance
Without(widut)-sin
-I want coffeewithoutsugar-- Quiero caf sin azcar-He crossed the streetwithoutpaying attention-- Cruz la calle sin poner atencin
Terminaciones
Verbos terminados en...VerSustantivosVerAdjetivos
ateizeishoreoyestessuteoseedeeveectaseiveistenferfy
inermortptitudeendentainareadeumeultlyictireuse
VerboSustantivo
abominate - (abminit)abomination
accelerate - (akslerit)acceleration
accomodate - (acmodit)alojaraccomodation
accumulate - (akimulit)accumulation
activate - (ktivit)activity
adulterate - (adlterit)adulteration
advocate - (dvokit) -abogar poradvocacy
aggravate - (gravit)aggravation
agitate - (yitit)agitation
alienate - (ilienit)alienation
allocate - (lokit)asignarallocation
alternate - (lternit)alternation
amalgamate - (amlgamit)amalgamation
amputate - (mpiutit)amputation
animate - (nimit)animation
annihilate - (anielit)annihilation
anticipate - (antcipit)anticipation
appreciate - (aprsiit)appreciation
appropriate - (aprpriit)appropriation
articulate - (artkiulit)articulation
assassinate - (assinit)assassination
associate - (asusiit)association
calculate - (clkiulit)calculation
celebrate - (clebrit)celebration
circulate - (srkiulit)circulation
commemorate - (commorit)commemoration
communicate - (cominikit)communication
compensate - (cmpensit)compensation
complicate - (cmplikit)complication
concentrate - (cncentrit)concentration
conciliate - (consliit)conciliation
confiscate - (cnfiskit)confiscation
conglomerate - (conglmerit)conglomeration
congratulate - (congrtiulit)congratulations
congregate - (cngreguit)congregation
consolidate - (conslidit)consolidation
contaminate - (contminit)contamination
contemplate - (cntemplit)contemplation
cooperate - (coperit)cooperation
coordinate - (cordinit)coordination
correlate - (crrelit)coorelation
corroborate - (corrborit)corroboration
create - (criit)creation
culminate - (clminit)culmination
cultivate - (cltivit)cultivation
debate - (dibit)debate
decorate - (dcorit)decoration
dedicate - (ddicate)dedication
deflate - (dflit) -desinflardeflation
degenerate - (deynerit)degeneration
delegate - (dleguit)delegation
deliberate - (delberit)deliberation
demonstrate - (dmonstrit)demonstration
denigrate - (dnigrit)denigration
designate - (dsignit)designation
deteriorate - (detriorit)deterioration
detonate - (dtonit)detonation
devastate - (dvastit)devastation
deviate - (dviit) -desviarsedeviation
dictate - (dctit)dictation
differentiate - (difernshiit)differentiation
discriminate - (discrminit)discrimination
dislocate - (dsloukit)dislocation
disseminate - (disminit)dissemination
dissipate - (dsipit)dissipation
dissociate - (disushiit)dissociation
domesticate - (domstikit)domestication
dominate - (dminit)domination
donate - (dunit)donation
duplicate - (dplikit)duplication
educate - (dchukit)education
elaborate - (elborit)elaboration
elevate - (levit)elevation
eliminate - (elminit)elimination
elongate - (longuit)elongation
elucidate - (elcidit)elucidation
emanate - (manit)emanation
emancipate - (imncipit)emancipation
emigrate - (migrit)emigration
enunciate - (innciit)enunciation
equate - (kuit) -equipararequation
eradicate - (errdikit)erradication
escalate - (scalit) -intensificarseescalation
estimate - (stimit)estimation
evacuate - (ivkiuit)evacuation
evaluate - (evliuit)evaluation
evaporate - ()evaporation
exaggerate - ()exaggeration
exasperate - ()exasperation
excavate - ()excavation
execrate - ()execration
exonerate - ()exoneration
exterminate - ()extermination
extortionate - ()extortion
facilitate - ()facilitation
fascinate - ()fascination
fluctuate - ()fluctuation
formulate - ()formulation
frustate - ()frustration
germinate - ()germination
gesticulate - ()gesticulation
graduate - ()graduation
hesitate - ()hesitation
humiliate - ()humiliation
illustrate - ()illustration
imitate - ()imitation
impersonate - ()impersonation
implicate - ()implication
incarnate - ()incarnation
incinerate - ()incineration
incorporate - ()incorporation
incriminate - ()incrimination
indicate - ()indication
infiltrate - ()infiltration
inflate - ()inflation
initiate - ()initiation
insinuate - ()insinuation
instigate - ()instigation
insulate - ()insulation
integrate - ()integration
intimidate - ()intimidation
intoxicate - ()intoxication
invalidate - ()invalidation
investigate - ()investigation
irrigate - ()irrigation
isolate - ()isolation
laceratelaceration
legislatelegislation
liberateliberation
liquidateliquidation
litigatelitigation
locatelocation
lubricatelubrication
mitigatemitigation
moderatemoderation
motivatemotivation
mutilatemutilation
narratenarration
navigatenavigation
negotiatenegotiation
nominatenomination
obliterateobliteration
originateorigination
oscillateoscillation
overestimateoverestimation
penetratepenetration
perforateperforation
perpetrateperpetration
perpetuateperpetuity
placateplacation
postulatepostulation
precipitateprecipitation
predominatepredominance
procrastinateprocrastination
radiateradiation
refrigeraterefrigeration
rehabilitaterehabilitation
regenerateregeneration
regulateregulation
relaterelation
repudiaterepudiation
retaliateretaliation
resuscitateresuscitation
reverberatereverberation
rotaterotation
saturatesaturation
segregatedegregation
separateseparation
speculatespeculation
stimulatestimulation
stipulatestipulation
suffocatesuffocation
tabulatetabulation
toleratetoleration
translatetranslation
underestimateunderestimation
urinateurination
vegetatevegetation
venerateveneration
ventilateventilation
vibratevibration
vindicatevindication
Pronunciacin
PGINA 1PGINA 2PGINA 3PGINA 4PGINA 5PGINA 6PGINA 7PGINA 8
all(ol) todos- ball(bol) pelota- call(col) llamada- fall(fol) cada- hall(jol) sala- mall(mol) centro comercial- tall(tol) alto- wall(uol) pared- small(smol) pequeo- stall(stol) puesto de mercado- recall(ricol) recordar- squall(skuol) rfaga- pitfall(ptfool) riesgo
jaw(yo) mandbula- law(lo) ley- paw(po) pata- raw(ro) crudo- saw(so) sierra- claw(clo) garra- draw(dro) empate- flaw(flo) defecto- gnaw(no) roer- thaw(zo) deshielo- straw(stro) pajita- bawl(bol) chillar- dawn(don) amanecer- hawk(jok) halcn- lawn(lon) csped- pawn(pon) empear- yawn(ion) bostezo- brawl(brol) pelea- brawn(bron) fuerza muscular- crawl(crol) gatear- drawl(drol) habla lenta y aburrida- shawl(shol) chal
clause(clos) clusula, oracin- cause(cos) cause- gauze(gos) gasa- sauce(sos) salsa- pause(pos) pausa, interrupcin- fauna(fona) fauna- sauna(sona) sauna- launch(lonch) lanzar, lanzamiento- paunch(ponch) panza, barriga- haunch(jonch) cadera, anca- fraud(frod) fraude- daub(dob) embardunar- fault(folt) culpa, defecto- vault(volt) bveda, cripta- haul(jol) tirar, transportar- flaunt(flont) ostentar, lucir- haunt(jont) guarida- gaunt(gont) demacrado, flaco- jaunt(yont) excursin
dine(din) cenar- fine(fin) bien, lindo, multa- line(lin) lnea, cola- mine(min) mina- nine(nin) nueve- pine(pin) pino- wine(uin) vino- brine(brin) salmuera- shine(shin) brillo, lustre- hide(jid) esconder- ride(rid) paseo- side(sid) lado- tide(tid) marea- wide(wuid)ancho- bride(brid) novia- guide(gid) gua- pride(prid) orgullo- knife(nif) cuchillo- life(lif) vida- wife(wif) esposa- bike(bik) bici- dike(dik) dique- hike(jik) caminata- like(lik) gustar- mike(mik) micr(fono- pike(pik) pica- bile(bil) bilis- file(fil) archivo, lima- mile(mil) milla- pile(pil) montn- tile(til) azulejo- vile(vil) vil- dice(dis) dados- lice(lis) piojos- mice(mis) ratones- nice(nis) agradable, amable- rice(ris) arroz- vice(vis) vicio- price(pris) precio- slice(slis) tajada, rebanada, rodaja- spice(spis) especia- dime(dim) moneda de diez centavos- lime(lim) lima- time(tim)tiempo, vez, poca- chime(chim) campanada- crime(crim) delito- prime(prim) primero, principal- pipe(pip) tubo, cao, pipa- ripe(rip) maduro- wipe(wuip) limpiar- stripe(strip) raya- dire(dir) horrible- fire(fir) fuego, incendio- hire(jir) contratar- mire(mir) fango, lodo- tire(tir) cansarse- wire(wir) alambre, cable- bite(bit) morder- kite(kit) cometa- rite(rit) rito- site(sit) sitio- trite(trit) trivial- write(rit) escribir- dive(div) sumergirse, bucear- five(fiv) cinco- hive(jiv) colmena- alive(aliv) vivo- drive(driv) conducir
face(fis) cara- lace(lis) encaje, cordn- mace(mis) maza- pace(pis)paso, ritmo- race(ris) carrera, raza- grace(gris) gracia- place(plis) lugar- space(spis) espacio- trace(tris) rastro- fade(fid) desteirse- grade(grid) grado, curso- shade(shid) sombra- spade(spid) pala- trade(trid) comercio,oficio- safe(sif) seguro, caja fuerte- chafe(chif) rozar, irritar- cage(kidch) jaula- page(pidch) pgina- rage(ridch) rabia, furia- sage(sidch) salvia- wage(widch) salario- stage(stidch) etapa, escena- bake(bik) hornear- cake(kik) torta- fake(fik) falso- hake(jik) merluza- lake(lik) lago- make(mik) hacer- rake(rik) rastrillo- take(tik) tomar, llevar- wake(wik) despertar- brake(brik) freno- flake(flik) copo, escama- quake(kuik) terremoto- shake(shik) sacudir- snake(snik) serpiente- stake(stik) estaca, apuesta- dale(dil) valle- gale(guil) vendaval- male(mil) masculino, varn- female(fimil) femenino, hembra- pale(pil) plido- sale(sil) venta- tale(til) cuento- scale(skil) escala, escama- stale(stil) rancio, pasado- whale(uil) ballena- fame(fim) fama- game(guim) juego- lame(lim) rengo- name(nim) nombre- same(sim) mismo- tame(tim) manso- flame(flim) llama- frame(frim) marco- shame(shim) verguenza, lstima- cane(kin) caa- lane(lin) callejn, carril- mane(min) crin, melena- pane(pin) cristal- wane(win) menguar- crane(krin) gra- inane(inin) necio- plane(plin) avin, plano- cape(kip) capa- gape(guip) mirar boquiabierto- rape(rip) violacin- tape(tip) cinta- drape(drip) cubrir- grape(grip) uva- shape(ship) forma- escape(eskip) fuga- base(bis) base- case(kis) caso, estuche- vase(vis) florero- chase(chis) persecusin- erase(iris) borrar- phase(fis) fase- phrase(fris) frase- date(dit) fecha, cita- fate(fit) destino- gate(guit) puerta- hate(jit) odiar- late(lit) tarde, atrasado- mate(mit) compaero- rate(rit) razn, porcentaje, tarifa- crate(krit) cajn- grate(grit) rallar- plate(plit) plato, placa- skate(skit) patn- slate(slit) pizarra- state(stit) estado , declarar- estate(estit) propiedad, finca- create(kriit) crear- cave(kiv) cueva, caverna- nave(niv) nave- pave(piv) pavimentar- rave(riv) ponerse furioso- save(siv) salvar, ahorrar, guardar- wave(wiv) ola, onda- daze(dis) aturdir- gaze(guis) mirada fija- haze(jis) neblina- laze(lis) holgazanear- maze(mis) laberinto- raze(ris) arrazar- craze(kris) manaTo Do / To Make
Los verbosto doyto makesignifican "hacer" pero se utilizan en forma diferente. Aqu hay algunos ejemplos:
Mrs. Jones is a housewifeLa seora Jones es una ama de casa
She has to do the houseworkElla tiene que hacer el trabajo de la casaShe has to make the bedsElla tiene que hacer las camas
She has to do the cookingElla tiene que cocinarShe has to make breakfastElla tiene que hacer el desayuno
She has to do the washing upElla tiene que fregar los platosShe has to make lunchElla tiene que hacer el almuerzo
She has to do the washing/the laundryElla tiene que lavar la ropa suciaShe has to make dinnerElla tiene que hacer la cena
She has to do the shoppingElla tiene que hacer las comprasShe has to make coffee/teaElla tiene que hacer caf/t
She has to do the ironingElla tiene que planchar la ropaShe has to make a cakeElla tiene que hacer un torta
She has to do the dustingElla tiene que quitar el polvo a las cosasShe has to make sure that the house is in orderElla tiene que asegurarse que la casa est en orden
Mr. Jones is a businessmanEl seor Jones es un empresario
He is doing business with important companiesl est haciendo negocios con firmas importantesHe would like to make a long trip/journeyLe gustara hacer un largo viaje
He is doing well in his jobVa bien en su trabajoHis employees make fun of himSus empleados se burlan de l
He does his best to improve his companyHace lo mejor que puede para mejorar su empresaHe has to make a speech for a meetingTiene que hacer un discurso para una reunin
He has to make decisions every dayTiene que tomar desiciones todos los das
He is making a lot of moneyEst haciendo un montn de dineroHis secretary makes appointments for himSu secretaria arregla citas para l
He is making a fortuneEst haciendo una fortunaShe also makes telephone calls and reservationsTambin hace llamadas telefnicas y reservas
He doesn't like to make mistakesNo le gusta equivocarseHe says that his employees make troublel dice que sus empleados causan problemas
Sometimes he makes a fuss when something goes wrongAlgunas veces arma un lo cuando algo sale malHe also says that women make a lot of noiseTambin dice que las mujeres hacen mucho ruido
He rarely makes jokesCasi nunca hace chistesHe often makes a fool of himselfA menudo se pone en ridculo
He doesn't have much time to make friendsNo tiene mucho tiempo para hacer amigosHe makes use of his authority to threaten peopleUtiliza su autoridad para amenazar a las personas
He is making an effort to increase salesEst haciendo un esfuerzo para aumentar las ventasSome of his decisions don't make senseAlgunas de sus decisiones no tienen sentido
Otros Ejemplos
John is doing badly at school(he is not doing well)- John no va bien en la escuela
He doesn't like to do his homework- No le gusta hacer su tarea
The hurricane did a lot of damage in the area- El huracn caus mucho dao en la zona
The policeman was doing his duty when he arrested the thief- El polica estaba cumpliendo con su deber cuando arrest al ladrn
Mary did her hair and her face and left for the party- Mary se pein, se maquill y sali para la fiesta
"Can you do me a favor ?"- Me pods hacer un favor?
"I want to make a complaint about the service in this hotel"- Quiero presentar una queja sobre el servicio en este hotel
The man and the woman were making love in the back seat of their car-El hombre y la mujer estaban haciendo el amor en el asiento trasero de su auto
Johnny made a mess in his room- Johnny hizo un desorden en su cuarto
Bill made his way to the university- Bill se dirigi a la universidad