April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 1 PHENIX 2020 DIS2011
Newport News, VA April 12, 2011 Slide 2 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 2 Overview Slide 3 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 3 The RHIC Physics Program RHICs program focuses on
the exploration of the QCD phase diagram We started out searching
for evidence of QGP in HI & components of proton spin in p+p
Hot partonic matter above the QCD transition temperature
Identification and characterization of the sQGP Spin components of
the proton (S q, S g, S sea q, L orbit ) Gluon saturation at low x
and high density, nuclear structure and search for evidence of
Color Glass Condensate QCD critical point Slide 4 April 12, 2011Dr.
Edward OBrienDIS2011 4 RHICs Accomplishments RHIC has been
operating since 2000 (We are currently taking data in Run-11) RHIC
accelerator has collided 4 different species at 10 different
energies Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, p+p ( s = 7.7, 9.2,11.5, 22, 39, 56,
62, 130, 200, 500 GeV) All initial design parameter have been
exceeded with the exception of polarization (but were close) ~ 7
Pbytes of raw physics data recorded to date Data production takes
places at multiple sites US, Japan, France, Korea > 10 12 Level
1 triggers have been taken by the experiments 200+ PhDs, > 250
scientific publications, 100+ PRLs and a few interesting
discoveries Slide 5 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 5 HI
Collisions at RHIC Generate Strongly Coupled Partonic Matter (an
sQGP) Define: Nuclear Modification Factor R AA Particles made of
quarks show energy loss Jet quenching Direct photons do not All
hadrons show energy loss out to a surprisingly high pT Slide 6
April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 6 More sQGP Effects
Resultant particles from HI collisions show a large anisotropy (v2)
The anisotropic flow scales with quark number Partonic in nature
The flow is consistant with near-perfect for a fluid with
hydrodynamic behavior This combined with high opacity derived from
jet- quenching lets us derive /s to be close to the quantum
mechanical limit : /s ~ 1/4 RHIC 10 12 o K Slide 7 April 12,
2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 7 and More sQGP Characteristics An
excess of direct photons is observed where one would expect to see
a thermal photon signal in most HI collisions The pT distribution
can be translated into a temperature : T=221 MeV 19 MeV stat 19 MeV
sys Equivalent to an initial temp of 300-600 MeV or 4 - 6 x 10 12 o
K Slide 8 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 8 and yet More
sQGP effects J/ production is suppressed, but not as much as one
would have expected in a sQGP due to color screening length. J/ is
suppressed at more forward rapidities than at y=0, also unexplained
Preliminary indications are that production is also suppressed.
This is also hard to explain. Slide 9 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 9 One Final Effect Seen in the sQGP Heavy quarks also
lose energy and flow inside the hot partonic matter. A surprising
result, and especially surprising if this is true for both c and b
quarks. Slide 10 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 10 Next
Direction for sQGP Investigations We need to better understand the
physics behind energy loss. Upgrade detector to look at open charm
and bottom production systematically Add silicon vertex detector
Add high performance jet measuring capability Hadronic calorimetry
Triggerability High DAQ rate Large area coverage Slide 11 April 12,
2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 11 Meanwhile in the Polarized Proton
Program Gluon spin contribution to the aggregate proton spin is
< 0.2 and tends toward 0. Need to investigate spin of sea quarks
S sea, orbital angular momentum of the partons in the proton L
orbit or extreme x-range for G A L measurements of flavor- selected
quarks via production of W in polarized proton collisions has just
begun Slide 12 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 12 What is
Next for Proton Spin? Further progress in measuring a small G
requires upgraded accelerator luminosities and improved
polarizations Investigation of flavor-selected quark spin requires
RHIC delivers a few 100 pb-1 of integrated luminosity p+p @ 500 GeV
Accelerator upgrades are underway PHENIX detects the W through
single lepton decays Upgrade detector to improve single muon
trigger capability by a factor of 50-100 Add LVL1 trigger
electronics to the Muon CSCs and Muon RPCs to the Muon Spectrometer
arms. Slide 13 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 13 Current
and Near Term Slide 14 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 14
PHENIX Today Slide 15 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 15
PHENIX 2011+ In 2011-2012 we are adding major equipment to PHENIX
Silicon Vertex Barrel (VTX) Silicon Vertex Endcap (FVTX) Muon
Trigger (RPCs + MuTracker LVL1 electronics) DAQ and Trigger
Upgrades ( New muon trigger, vertex trigger, event builder and data
collection modules) We are beginning a multi-year program of heavy
quark studies in HI collisions and W asymmetry measurements in
polarized p+p collisions HI charm, bottom studies p+p quark spin
Slide 16 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 16 Recent PHENIX
Upgrades This year PHENIX has added: 4.5M channel Si Vertex barrel
Muon Trigger system to improve single muon rejection by 100x
Upgraded DAQ Later in 2011 we will be adding: Two Si Vertex endcap
detectors (~1M channels total) Slide 17 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 17 Future Direction Slide 18 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 18 sQGP Questions Remaining to be addressed Are
quarks coupled to the sQGP at all distance scales? What are the
mechanisms behind parton-sQGP interactions? What is the energy loss
formula? How is equilibrium achieved so rapidly? Are there
quasi-particles in the sQGP and do they have a role in
equilibration? Is there a relevant screening length in the sQGP?
All of these questions would benefit from a high quality hadronic
calorimeter that has: Good energy resolution : 50%/ E High rate
capability Triggerable Large acceptance Slide 19 April 12, 2011Dr.
Edward OBrienDIS2011 19 Advantage of Hadronic Calorimetry The most
accurate way to measure jet energy (within reason) Jets have a huge
rate advantage If done well can optimize for low energy trigger
threshold 5-10 GeV Significantly less systematic uncertainty than
current jet measurement techniques of leading particle and
correlations Once calorimetry in upgraded other physics
capabilities come along for the ride High statistics J/ ,
Separation of states Dijet -jet and HQ-jet correlations High
statistics for Direct , * Physics Slide 20 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 20 PHENIX Decadal Upgrade Slide 21 April 12, 2011Dr.
Edward OBrienDIS2011 21 The Upgrade Detector What remains: VTX and
FVTX EMCal in Forward Arm DAQ Infrastructure (LV, HV, Safety) What
is new: Hadronic Calorimetry Preshower detector Additional tracking
layer of Si at ~ 40cm 2T solenoid (R = 60-80 cm) Barrel EMCal
(maybe new) Forward Arm with RICH and GEM tracker Can be built
incrementally Slide 22 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 22
Performance A rather detailed GEANT4 simulation has been
implemented for the proposed Decadal upgrade. All performance
parameters needed for initial physics objectives appear to be met.
Good momentum resolution w/ compact tracker With 2 cm Moliere
radius EMCal acceptable occupancy for most central Au+Au event Good
E/p match for e/ separation Slide 23 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 23 HCal improvement to Jet Energy Measurement Slide
24 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 24 Capabilities of the
Central Barrel Upgraded Central barrel expands PHENIXs acceptance
for many important HI signatures by over an order of magnitude This
combined with RHIC II luminosities provides for a very large energy
range for jet, and o measurements Slide 25 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 25 Technologies Intermediate tracking layer Si strip
or GEM HCal Fe or Pb Scintillator tile calorimeter Preshower W- Si
strips EMCal Maybe reconfigured PHENIX PbScintillator
W-Scintillator PbWO 4 RICH Likely triple radiators: Aerogel +
liquid radiators Forward Tracking GEMs Solenoid Superconducting
Silicon VTX and Hadron Blind Detector EMCal MPC-EX R&D EMCal
Muon Piston Calorimeter Aerogel +RICH Hadron Blind Detector PHENIX
experience with similar technologies Slide 26 April 12, 2011Dr.
Edward OBrienDIS2011 26 Future Physics Program Next 5-6 years In
depth investigation of sQGP energy-loss dynamics, especially heavy
quark energy loss Accurate measure of /s at RHIC. Separation of
initial state effects from sQGP QCD critical point determination,
if signature exists. Quark flavor-selected spin measurement through
W- asymmetry. Both polarized p+p and p+He 3 to get at the neutron
constituents Continuation of G program after RHIC luminosity
upgrade Is G non-zero? Low x spin studies using HQs Drell Yan and
transverse spin program 7-10 years Detailed energy loss dynamics
studies using jets and dijet correlations sQGP thermalization
mechanism Quasi-particles in sQGP, screening length, relevant
strong coupling length scales Continuation of DY and transverse
spin studies with higher sensitivity G to low x using dijets and
-jet correlations 2020 and beyond (EIC era) Using e+p to measure
polarized and unpolarized structure functions Nuclear pdfs
Determining nuclear initial states (sQGP initial states) using e+A
diffractive measurements and DV Compton scattering to map gluon and
quark initial densities Follow-up on discoveries made from
2011-2019 Slide 27 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 27
Summary The PHENIX experiment is in its 11th year of operations and
continues to maintain high rates of publications, citations and
physics productivity. We just completed the largest upgrade
installation since 2002 with the addition of the Si VTX, Muon
Trigger, and DAQ Upgrade. In addition the Forward Silicon (FVTX)
will be installed during the 2011 RHIC shutdown The combination of
capabilities added by VTX, FVTX, MuTrg, DAQ plus RHIC machine
upgrades provides a robust physics program for PHENIX for the next
5-7 years The addition of hadronic calorimetry for jet physics
together with a significantly enhanced forward spectrometer will
provide capabilities currently missing in the RHIC program and
enable critical physics questions to be addressed. The proposed
PHENIX upgrade builds on existing subdetector components, utilizes
the collaborations technical strengths, strongly coincides with our
physics interest and addresses what are arguably the some of the
most interesting questions in HI physics, proton spin and nuclear
structure in the coming decade. Slide 28 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 28 Back Up Slide 29 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 29 The Upgrade Detector What remains: VTX and FVTX
EMCal in Forward Arm DAQ Infrastructure (LV, HV, Safety) What is
new: Hadronic Calorimetry Preshower detector Additional tracking
layer of Si at ~ 40cm 2T solenoid (R = 60-80 cm) Barrel EMCal
(maybe new) Forward Arm with RICH and GEM tracker Can be built
incrementally EMCal HCal RICH Slide 30 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward
OBrienDIS2011 30 Quark and Anti-Quark Helicity Distributions from
Inclusive A L e, in W-Production Large Q 2, knowledge of FFs not
needed ab initio pQCD analysis of inclusive lepton A L DSSV
analyzed MC data of 200 pb -1 and 800 pb -1 from STAR and PHENIX
Significant improvement of knowledge with 200 pb -1 Courtesy Daniel
De Florian Slide 31 April 12, 2011Dr. Edward OBrienDIS2011 31
