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April 12, 1861 – South Carolina Lincoln sent supplies to U.S. soldiers in the fort Confederates open fire on fort from the harbor No one was hurt but it signaled the start of the Civil War One result - VA, AK, NC, TN join Confederacy. Rating the North & the South. Railroad Lines, 1860. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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April 12, 1861 – South Carolina Lincoln sent supplies to U.S. soldiers
in the fort Confederates open fire on fort from
the harbor No one was hurt but it signaled the
start of the Civil War One result - VA, AK, NC, TN join Confederacy
Rating the North & the South
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the South
Both were largely unprepared for war Both thought they were superior and
would win the war quickly and easily Both thought the other side was
responsible for the breakup of the U.S.
Southerners enlist eagerly because• Southern honor & local acclaim – grand
farewell ceremonies• Felt they were fighting tyranny – like
Revolution• Thought it would be a short, exciting
adventure
Slave states that stayed in the Union• Kentucky• Missouri• Delaware• Maryland
Overviewof
Civil WarStrategy
:
“Anaconda”Plan
Strategies North – Anaconda Plan – Blockade the
coast to prevent ships going in or out of the South & gain control of the Mississippi River
South – Similar to Patriots in the Revolution – defensive battles, fight on land you know, guerilla warfare
Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861
AKA: First Manassas July 1861 – just outside of
Washington, D.C. Festive atmosphere among
Northerners Southern victory – North sent running
Confederate President – Jefferson Davis
Confederate Capital – Montgomery, AL until May, 1861 then Richmond, VA
Union President – Abraham Lincoln
Union Capital – Washington, DC
Presidents
Primary objective in beginning was to restore the Union – reconciliation "If I could save the Union without freeing any slaves, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it, and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that”Never actually called it a WAR always a REBELLION
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862Monitor vs. Merrimack – iron plating and revolving turrets – ends in stalemate
•End of wooden warships
•Continuation of Union blockade
New Orleans – largest Confederate port
Combined Army/Navy effort under flag officer David Farragut
Captured New Orleans – mouth of the Mississippi River
One of the very few timesthat the navy captured a city
Naval Warfare – New Orleans
Battle of ShilohCorinth – major Confederate rail
junction connecting east and westConfederate army stationed here
under Albert Sydney Johnston & PGT Beauregard
Pittsburg Landing – along the TN riverUnion army stationed here with William
Tecumseh Sherman (Grant =overall command)
Battle of Shiloh Cont.• Named this b/c it was near Shiloh
Church• Confederates achieved complete
surprise – Grant was in Savannah• Union divisions rally and fight back
during mid-afternoon• Hornets Nest – WHL Wallace &
Prentice are left as the right and left flanks retreat around them – Confederates move in
Battle of Shiloh Day 2• April 7th • Union =40,000
Confederates=28,000• Grant launches Union counterattack• Cause Confederate retreat to Corinth
• One of the first battles that showed the real brutality and potential length of the war
Battle of AntietamAntietam –McClellan is fired as commander of
Army of the PotomacEmancipation Proclamation is issuedUnion victory convinces the British not
to help the South
Vicksburg Campaign – April - July 4, 1863 Gave the Union full control of the Mississippi River
Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863• Pickett’s Charge• Joshua Chamberlain – Little Round Top• South could not replace the men they lost
The War in
the West, 1863:
Vicksburg
Commanders in the Vicksburg Campaign
Confederates• Braxton Bragg and Johnston
=Army of TennesseeUnion – • Ulysses Grant and William
Tecumseh Sherman = Army of THE Tennessee
• David Porter = Navy commander
The Set-Up
• Confederates control Vicksburg to Port Hudson blocking Union trade on MS river
• Union compensates with Railroads
• Vicksburg = key to Union Anaconda Plan
Start of Vicksburg Campaign
April 16-17 Union runs gunboats down MS river past Vicksburg at night = success
Simultaneous Union army movement west of MS River
Also simultaneous Union cavalry raid through MS to Baton Rouge
April 29th Grant reaches Bruinsburg by crossing the MS river
Vicksburg Campaign Eastern Side of MS River• May 1st Grant @ Port Gibson - doesn’t
establish supply base• Caused Confederate confusion
• Grant moved East to Jackson -MS capital & key rail junction
• Battle @ Champion’s Hill – Confederates had high ground and still lost
• May 19th & 22 TWO frontal attacks on Vicksburg
The Siege of Vicksburg
May 18 – July 4, 1863
• Union waits for the trapped Confederates to surrender
• No hope for Confederates b/c all possible supply lines are cut off
Emancipation Proclamation – did not actually free anyone!!!!!!!!!! Freed the slaves in the areas where the Union was not in control – all slaves in the Union were still slaves
13th Amendment – abolishedslavery
Battle of Chancellorsville• April 30 – May 6, 1863• Union Army of the Potomac (Joseph
Hooker) vs. Confederate Army of Northern VA (Robert E. Lee)
• Union General Hooker had the advantage but gave it up to fight a defensive battle in the “Wilderness”
• Considered Lee’s greatest victory • Faced an army 2x the size by splitting
his troops in half for two offensives• Stonewall Jackson is killed in friendly fire