Approved EIA Sec 3 EG Trans 28-9-2010 Sec.3-Final

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 3-1 NGHI SON REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX Final Report

NSRP LLC- CPSE/SNC Lavalin June, 2010

Section 3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT The pre-construction, construction and operation of the Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Complex are likely to cause significant direct and indirect, positive and negative impacts on the receiving environment. Many of the negative impacts can be avoided or reduced to acceptable levels, while benefits derived from the project can be enhanced by adopting good engineering practices and appropriate mitigation measures during the design, construction and operation periods. As comment in Section 0 about Scope of the Project, Tinh Gia District PC, NSEZ Management Board and NSPM are responsible for implementation of activities in pre-construction phase (including site clearance, compensation and resettlement, capital dredging). In this phase, the material exploitation activities for first stage of site leveling and stage II of leveling from +3.5m to +6m before constructing the Complexs infrastructure were approved by NSEZ Management Board, in which there are 01 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for material exploitation activity and 01 Commitment of Environment Protection (COEP) report for site leveling activity. Although the pre-construction phase is out of scope of this EIA report, but according to Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) requirements of International Finance Corporation (IFC), NSRP LCC has carried out an investigation survey and prepared a separate Resettlement Due Diligence report for the Project. Moreover, relocation and resettlement activities will cause long-term effects on the society. Hence, effects on local community in compensation, relocation and resettlement period are also mentioned and assessed in detail in this report. Therefore, this chapter aims to find and assess the direct and indirect impacts that are likely to occur as a result of construction and operation phases of the Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Complex. The significance of impact also depends on whether the affected environmental components have already undergone modifications. Impact significance has been established by using the following criteria: The component is recognised by a law, policy, regulation, or official decision (e.g. a park,

ecological reserve, rare or endangered species, habitat for fauna or flora, archaeological site, or historical site);

The risks to the health, security, and well-being of the population; Intensity of the impacts (i.e. degree of perturbation of the environment affected and degree of

sensitivity or vulnerability of the component); Magnitude of the impact (i.e., spatial dimension such length or area); Duration of the impact (i.e., temporal aspect and reversibility); Frequency of the impact (e.g., intermittent occurrence); Probability of the impact; Indirect effect on other components (i.e., interaction between the affected component and other

components); Sensitivity or vulnerability of the component;



Uniqueness or rareness of the component; Durability of the component and the ecosystems; Value of the component to the population.

This methodology considers the intensity of the impact which is an integration of the components environmental value with its degree of disturbance used for determining the intensity and significance of impacts are as follows: The degree of disturbance for a component defines the scope of the changes that affect the component. The environmental value of a component is the synthesis of its ecosystem-based value and its social value. The approach used to assess environmental impacts of the project determines the intensity, extent, and duration of the anticipated positive or negative impact. The main impact levels used in this report include:

1. Severe environmental effect: Change in ecosystem or activity leading to long term damage (i.e. lasting for 10 years and over) with poor potential for recovery to a normal state. Likely effect on human health; long term loss or change to users or public finance.

2. Major environmental effect: Change in ecosystem or activity over a wide area leading to medium term damage (lasting for over 2 years) but with the likelihood of recovery within 10 years. Likely effect on human health; financial loss to users or public.

3. Moderate environmental effect: Change in ecosystem or activity in a localized area for a short time, with good recovery potential. Similar scale of effect to existing variability but may have cumulative implications; Potential effect on health but unlikely; may cause a nuisance to some users.

4. Minor environmental effect: Change, which is within scope of existing variability but can be monitored and/or noticed; may affect behavior but not a nuisance to users or public.

Areas affected directly by the Project will be limited by (a) the scope of effect of the Project stationary constructions; (b) the scope of effect of the temporary works used in construction phase (transportation road, camps, water supply system, waste water treatment system, pipeline, dredging and disposal area, the harbour); Offsite areas are affected directly by emission of gas, noise, deposition of silt, fire & explosion, waste water discharge or the traffic occurs beyond the Project area. 3.1 SOURCE OF IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT Based on project activities, the main sources of impact are defined by 2 phases of the Project as follows:

Construction/installation phase Operation phase

3.1.1 Impact Source Relating to Wastes 3.1.1.1 In construction phase The source of impact during construction phase depends upon the type of construction activities, the construction methods, construction equipment used, plant equipment fabricated onsite, chemicals / materials used, source / amount of utilities and duration of work. The impacts in construction phase are generated from following areas:



Refinery and Petrochemical complex and supported utilities; Harbor facility; Onshore product pipeline system; Seawater intake and outfall facilities including pipelines; SPM and offshore crude oil pipeline to the Refinery from SPM location.

The quantities/composition of various waste streams such as air emissions, wastewater and solid wastes will be mentioned in assessment. Therefore, Table 3-1 only identifies the sources, waste types, and type of impact. In subsequent sections, the emissions with regards to air, wastewater, solid waste, hazardous wastes, noise and accidental releases have been qualified.

Table 3.1 Impact source related to wastes in construction phase

Generated wastes No. Source of impact

Emission Wastewater Solid waste Other impacts

Onshore constructions

1 Activities of construction equipments and engines Dust, CO, NOx, SOx, VOC, CH4, HC

- Residue oil Noise, vibration, light,

public health

2 Operation of Constructional equipment and truck transportion

Dust, CO, NOx, SOx, VOC, CH4, HC

- Residue oil Noise, vibration, traffic safety, public health

3 Complex installation activities

Dust

-

Empty drums, papers, wood scraps, plastic containers, oily

& chemical wipers

Noise, vibration, public health, occupational health and safety

4 Tank installation Dust, VOC Used materials Occupational health and safety

5 Washing facilities surface before painting (depend on used methods)

Dust (metal dust) Wastewater Fe2O3, SiO2, K2O, CaO Noise, public health, occupational health and safety

6 Painting activities Dust, VOC

- Used paints,

brushes, wipers

Occupational health and safety

7 Welding and cutting activities Dust, heat

- Welding rods Noise, heat, occupational health and safety

8 Pipeline trenching and installation Dust - Spoil materials Ecology / Flora and

fauna

9 Non-destructive testing (NDT) Radioactive ray - Occupational health and safety

10 Onshore cleaning and hydrotesting (Pipeline & tank system)

- Wastewater - Marine environment, Fisheries

11 Workforce - Domestic

wastewater Domestic

waste Social disruption, employment, quality of life, HIV/AIDS, public health

12 Fuel spills HC Wastewater Oily wastes Occupational health



Generated wastes No. Source of impact Emission Wastewater Solid waste

Other impacts

and safety Offshore constructions

1 Construction equipments and engines Dust, CO, NOx, SOx, VOC, CH4, HC

- - Noise, Vibration

2 Pilling and construction activities Dust, CO, NOx, SOx, VOC, CH4, HC

Wastewater - Marine environment, Fisheries

3 Dredging activities at intake channel and breakwater

- - Dredged materials

Coastal water environment

4 Ship/barge operation for SPM and crude pipeline trenching and installation

Dust, CO, NOx, SOx, VOC, CH4, HC

Wastewater Marine environment, Fisheries

5 Pipeline Cleaning and Hydrotesting - Wastewater - Marine environment, fisheries,

6 Workforce - Domestic wastewater Domestic

waste Social disruption, employment, quality of life, public health

Exhaust gases In construction phase, exhaust gases are generated from diesel generators, engine-driven machinery used for site work, welders/cutters and surface coating during equipment fabrication, transport vehicles, fuel oil storage tanks, transporting truck, excavation, trenching and earthworks. Waste water The effluents usually create from vehicle washing, hydrotest water and sewage. In the rainy season, a significant volume of storm water runoff also generates. In addition, used oil, paints, cleaning solvents, etc., also form hazardous effluent during construction phase. The effluent from equipment/vehicle washings contains mainly TSS and oil. Typically, these will be discharged to the land with preliminary treatment for removing oil and grease. The effluents from equipment/vehicle washings contain mainly TSS and oil. Typically, these effluents generated during construction and commissioning phase will be treated and disposed in correct way by EPC Contractor to ensure that final discharge of effluents is in compliance with Project Discharge Standards. The cleaning and hydrotesting effluent generated from pipeline and tank-farm cleaning and hydrotesting process is assumed the biggest volume in construction phase. Depending on cleaning and hydrotesting alternative (use chemicals or not), estimation of this effluent is assumed based on the volume of biggest tank and onshore pipeline system. Estimation of domestic wastewater in the construction phase is based on average manpower of 21,862 (22,000 in round) persons and peak manpower requirements of 32,795 (33,000 in round) persons. Anticipated construction period to mechanical completion is 36 months which equate to approximately 930 working days, based on a 6-day working week. Estimation of effluent in the construction phase is given in Table 3.2.



Table 3.2 Estimation of Effluent in Construction Phase

No. Source Volume (m3) 1 Raw water for concrete 278,250 2 Cleaning and hydrotesting water for tank testing 500,000 3 Cleaning and hydrotesting water for pipeline routes 187,500 4 Raw water for flushing 375,600 5 Domestic wastewater

Average (22,000 pers x 0.2m3/day x 930days) 4,092,000 Peak (33,000 pers x 0.2m3/day x 930days) 6,138,000 Source: Technical Doc. 3550-8710-PR-0003, REV A1 provided by FWL in April 2009 The sewage generated from site offices and constructional sites and camps will contain both total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Solid Waste Solid wastes usually generate from construction debris, excavated soil, packaging materials, scrap metals from construction and equipment fabrication, vehicle/equipment maintenance waste, etc. The excavated soil from onshore pipeline route can be used for pipeline backfilled; the others are often segregated and stored in roll-off containers at waste yards managed by the EPC contractor. Besides, there is a volume of domestic waste generated by 33,000 workers. The estimation of these wastes is given in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3 Non-hazardous wastes in construction phase

No. Waste type Generation rate (Ton/year) 1 Sand/Soil from excavation soil 6,141 2 Packing waste card board 50 3 Packaging waste wood 300 4 Packaging waste-thermocol 20 5 Drums/container (uncontaminated) 4 6 Glass 40 7 Used PPE (uncontaminated) 50 8 Paper waste 150 9 Office furniture 5 10 Office electronic wastes 5 11 Compostable food and canteen waste >10,000 12 Domestic sewage 70 m3/day* Total 16,835

Source: Technical Doc. 3550-8150-PH-0002, REV D1 provided by NSRP LLC in December 18, 2009 Domestic solid waste especially from the camps are collected and stored in waste skips and disposed to local landfill. Hazardous waste Solid and liquid hazardous wastes will be generated from equipment maintenance and lubrication, surface coating, on-site fabrication, empty containers of paints/solvents/oils and accidental spills. These wastes typically include used lube oil, batteries, empty drums of paint/solvent/additives, floor sweepings from material storage yard, oily sludge, contaminated soils from spills, off-specification materials, electrical and mechanical components, etc. Most of these cannot be recycled or disposed off -site. Estimation of hazardous wastes in construction phase is listed in Table 3.4.



Table 3.4 Hazardous wastes in construction phase

No. Waste type Description Quantity (Ton/year) 1 Oily waste Engine, transformer oil, waste fuel, waste lube oil, cooking oil 21 2 Oily

container/drum Oil filters, empty chemical drums, maintenance waste-gease, oil, cotton waste, rags, etc

9

3 Used batteries/ cartridges

Dry batteries, Li, Cd, batteries, Lead acid batteries/acid, toner, used photocopy cartridges, used fluorescent tubes, aerosol containers/cans, used smoke ionic detectors, refrigerant Residues, Pigging residues,

12

4 Contaminated materials

Solvents/ paints/ thinners residue, sealants/mastic, spill absorbents, contaminated soil, contaminated insulation, mineral wool material, used PPE

33

5 Lab and medical wastes

Medical /clinical/first aid waste, laboratory waste e.g. expired chemicals

3

6 Radioactive waste Radioactive waste



Table 3.5 Emission concentration of pollutants at the point source stacks in the operation phase - NSRP

SOx (mg/Nm3)

NOx (mg/Nm3)

CO (mg/Nm3)

PM10 (mg/Nm3)

No. Source name Fuel type % S Flue gas flow (Nm3/s) Project standard

(1)

Concentration of SOx at

point source stack

Project standard

(1)

Concentration of NOx at

point source stack

Project standard

(1)

Concentration of CO at point source stack

Project standard

(1)

Concentration of PM10 at

point source

1 SRU Stack Fuel gas 0.0058 32.57 150 120 450 167 800 150 50 50

2 FGD Stack HSFO 0.909 262 400 65 400 50 800 150 50 50

3 RFCC-Co Boiler Stack HSFO 0.909 133 400 400 400 300 800 800 50 50

4 GT HRSG Stack 1 Diezel+LPG 0.04 193 400 20 152 152 800 150 50 50

5 GT HRSG Stack 2 Diezel+LPG 0.04 193 400 20 152 152 800 150 50 50

6 HMU Reformer Stack Fuel gas 0.0058 69.18 400 20 450 60 800 150 50 50

7 CDU Stack Fuel Oil 0.24 22.28 400 400 450 450 800 150 50 50

8 ETP-Incinerator Fuel gas 0.0058 0.83 400 20 450 167 800 150 50 50

9 RHDS Stack 1 Fuel gas 0.0058 5.07 400 20 450 167 800 150 50 50

10 RHDS Stack 2 Fuel gas 0.0058 5.07 400 20 450 167 800 150 50 50

11 NAC-1-42 H101 Fuel gas 0.0058 39.14 100 20 300 124 800 150 20 20

12 NAC-2-49 H101 Fuel gas 0.0058 12.54 100 20 300 171 800 150 20 20

13 NAC-3-44 H201 Fuel gas 0.0058 49.53 100 20 300 171 800 150 20 20

14 NAC-4-47 H101 Fuel gas 0.0058 5.1 100 20 300 124 800 150 20 20

15 NAC-5-46 H101 Fuel gas 0.0058 7.14 100 20 300 124 800 150 20 20

16 NAC-6-40 H101 Fuel gas 0.0058 4.3 100 20 300 171 800 150 20 20

17 KHDS1 Fuel gas 0.0058 1.43 400 20 450 167 800 150 50 50

18 KHDS2 Fuel gas 0.0058 1.82 400 20 450 167 800 150 50 50

19 GOHDS Fuel gas 0.0058 4.11 400 20 450 167 800 150 50 50 Source: Technical Document provided by FWEL, June 2010 Note: (1) Project standards are taken from Section 0 - Table 0.2, this standard is considered and selected strictly between Vietnamese Standard and IFC EHS guideline



The values from Table 3.5 show that all concentrations of pollutants (SOx, NOx, CO and PM10) at the point source stacks of the NSRP are within project standards which are considered as more stringent than the Vietnamese standards and IFC EHS guidelines. Emission gas from flare system In the case of general power failure, discharges from all relief valves (except acid gas service) are routed to the HC flare system. Flaring gas will be routed to the HC purge flare / HC flare by maintaining the different head in the HC purge flare seal drum and HC flare seal drum. Emission rate from HC flare /HC purge flare system are given in Table 3-6.

Table 3-6 Emission rate from flare in normal and emergency cases

Emission concentration (mg/Nm3) Flare Name Case NOx SO2 CO PM

GPF of Island 1 323 - 1,758 44 HC FLARE ESD GPF of Island 2 98 - 531 28 GPF of Island 1 214 89,236 1,166 50 GPF of Island 2 97 10,568 528 29

ESD

Max H2S release (SRU 3-down) 84 315,076 457 50

HC PURGE FLARE

Normal operation 58 - 316 - Project standards 450 400 800 50

Source: FWEL, October 2009 In normal operation, there is no emission of SOx and PM10 at HC purge flare. The emission concentrations of NOx and CO are within the project standards. In emergency cases, the emission concentrations of NOx and PM10 at both HC flare and HC purge flare are still within project standards. However, the emission concentrations of SOx and CO exceed project standards, especially in the case of maximum H2S release of SRU 3-down. VOC from storage tank system

The fugitive emissions from NSRP are mainly from the storage tanks. The storage tanks include the crude oil, intermediate, final product fuel oil and plant inventory storage tanks. The emissions from these tanks mainly contain VOC and their emission rates are given in Table 3-7.

Table 3-7 Emission rate of VOC from storage tank system

Source Description Number of tanks VOC emission rate

(kg/tank/year) Refinery FO tank 1 455 Utility fuel oil tank 3 15 Ship loading fuel oil tank 1 15 GO HDS feed tank 4 2,846 RHDS diesel tank 2 4,144 GO premium tank 3 5,723

Vertical fixed roof tank

GO (Ind) tank 2 9,048 FRN tank - CFRT 2 2,846 Desulphurised heavy naphtha 1 1,937

Internal floating roof tank

Reformate tank 1 2,379



Source Description Number of tanks VOC emission rate

(kg/tank/year) Light reformate tank 1 1,603 Heavy reformate tank 1 520 Heavy aromatics tank 1 1,192 RC/ DSRC tank 6 192 Crude tanks 8 2,376 Alkylate tank 2 2,057 Heavy FCC naphtha tank 2 394 Gasoline 92 tank 2 8,812 Gasoline 95 tank 2 8,812 SR slop tank 2 4,482

External floating roof tank

Cracked slop tank 1 2,018 Jet tank 3 111 Ventilated internal

floating roof Kerosene tank 1 111 Total 52 140,511

Source: FWEL, October 2009 3.1.1.2.2 Wastewater In the operation phase, the process effluents comprise spent caustic, benzene contaminated wastewater, water from sour water stripper and various overhead receivers, boiler blow down and backwash from process units, which is collected through the drain system. The continuous oil contaminated wastewater is collected from oily water equalization tank, equipment areas and tanker loading areas and is routed to the drain system. The cleaning wastewater comes from various process and utility areas. Accidentally oil-contaminated surface water (AOC) including surface run-offs (rain water, wash down) are collected from project areas with a risk of contamination. Therefore, Specific wastewater streams are collected in dedicated systems before passing to the effluent treatment plant (ETP), including:

Dedicated collection of benzene contaminated water (BCW) in a closed system to prevent atmospheric emission of benzene

Dedicated collection of spent caustic effluent for flow balancing and prevention of atmospheric H2S emissions

Water from crude oil tank bottom will be routed to a dedicated API separator to remove gross oil content.

The sanitary effluent generated from administrative building and offices is collected separately, pre-treated and routed into the biotreatment stage of the ETP. Total amount of sanitary water is about 14m3/h from refinery and 0.7m3/h from Jetty area. So, total amount of sanitary water in operation phase is about 14.7m3/h. The total quantity of process wastewater from various process units including utilities and sanitary is about 600 m3/hour. The ETP consists of a two stage oil/water separation unit along with third stage biological treatment. Cooling water will be seawater taken from Nghi Son bay at the coastal. After cooling circulation, about 5-20% of cooling water will be routed to FGD for desulphurisation purpose. The neutralized effluent from the desalination plant is estimated of 564 m3/hour which will also be potentially discharged to the sea through the outfall facilities.



Estimation volume of effluents generated from refinery complex is summarized in Table 3-8.

Table 3-8 Quantity of NSRP effluents in operation phase

No. Source Flow rate (m3/h) 1 Sea water intake 128,200

Total effluent outlet 129,364

- Peak ETP outlet (including industrial effluent and domestic effluent) 600

- Peak RO/IX Reject/Regent 564

- Power FGD outlet 23,000

2

- Cooling water 105,200 Source: Technical Document provided by FWEL, October 2009 3.1.1.2.3 Solid waste Non-hazardous solid waste Solid wastes during the operational phase include hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Non-hazardous solid wastes include packing materials, used electrical fittings, domestic waste from residential camp, canteen waste, STP sludge, waste paper, printer cartridges, metal scrap, used spare parts and cans, drums and containers of non-hazardous materials. These wastes are stored at designated waste storage areas at the facility and finally disposed off at approved dumpsites or sold to potential authorized buyers for recycling (e.g. waste paper, packing materials, metal scrap and printer cartridges). A suitable waste management facility for storage of solid wastes will be located at the plant boundary. Hazardous solid waste When the project comes into operation phase, hazardous wastes from various process units are mainly spent catalysts, spent absorbents, spent de-sorbents, replacement of inert materials, oily sludge, waste chemicals, containers of hazardous materials, incineration ash, etc. Liquid hazardous wastes include spent caustic waste oil / paints / solvents and chemicals. The estimated quantities of significant hazardous wastes are given in Table 3-9.

Table 3-9 Quantity of hazardous wastes in operation phase

No. Source Unit Quantity Notes 1 Spent catalyst MT 1,110.8 Once in 04-05 years 2 Spent hydrotreater catalyst MT 153.2 Once in 04 years 3 Spent solid phosphoric acid catalyst MT 224.6 Once in 02 years 4 Spent catalyst (CR3S) sulphur recovery unit MT 140 Once in 05 years 5 Spent catalyst (TG 107) from SCOT section MT 70 Once in 05 years 6 Spent adsorbents MT 17.323 Once in 04 years 7 Spent catalyst replacement Ton/year 1,760 Annual



No. Source Unit Quantity Notes 8 Replacement of inert material Ton/year 52 Annual 9 Spent adsorbents Ton 603 Once in 04 years 10 Spent adsorbents Ton 1.3 Annual 11 Spent desorbents Ton 1116 Once in 20 years 12 Spent desorbents Ton 2.63 Annual 13 Spent caustic m3/year 1,632 Weekly (34m3) 14 Catalyst grading materials (from HDS reactors) Ton 49 Once in 04years 15 Teal oil liquid waste m3/year 280 Regular 16 Hydrocarbon drains m3/year 146 Regular 17 Spent selective hydrogenation catalyst Ton 10 Once in 04 years 18 Clay treater sludge Ton 154 Every 06 months 19 Clay treater sludge (from BT clay treater) Ton 103.6 Every 02 years 20 ETP sludge Ton/year 5,204 Regular 21 Incineration ash from ETP Ton/year 2,100 Regular

Source: Technical Doc.3550-8150-PH-0002 REV D1 provided by NSRP LLC - December, 2009 Total amount of sludge is about 25,080kg/day in normal case and 57,360kg/day in peak case. These wastes will be stored in designated and protected hazardous waste storage area of the Refinery. The hazardous waste storage area will be typically part of the waste management facility, which will be planned and located at the site for storage of non-hazardous and hazardous wastes. 3.1.1.2.4 Accidental impact sources Accidental impact sources from the refinery include gaseous and liquid sources. The gaseous impact sources include fuel gas/LPG leakage from the supply/process pipelines and LPG leak from the storage tanks due to corrosion or external damage. The liquid impact sources include spills or leakages from crude oil/intermediates/final products/fuel oil storage tanks, product export pipelines, oil spills from SPM, crude pipeline and shipping collision. The significance of the above leaks depends on the quantities (inventory) of material contained, type of leak (small / medium leak or rupture) and the location of leak (onsite /offsite). The hazard identification (HAZID) or hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies have been undertaken by FEED consultant for this project. The quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of potential hazards and consequences of accidental impact sources is carried out by FEED Contractor. 3.1.2 Impact source not related to wastes Non-waste impact sources in construction phase are mainly generated by:

Complex construction and installation of equipments; Tankfarm construction and installation; Harbor construction (including hard jetty, product jetties, breakwater, turning basin and access

channel through sea route); Offshore and onshore pipeline construction;



Unload and transport materials and super size & super weight equipments; Breakwater construction; Pilling and construction activities harbor; SPM and Crude pipeline trenching and installation; Anchoring activities of laying barge and supply vessel.

In the operation phase, main impact sources not related to wastes are generated from following activities:

Operation of the complex; Product distribution road; Crude and product storage area; Offshore pipeline maintenance; Offloading crude at SPM; Loading products at harbour Shipping activities.

The impact sources not related to wastes from project phases are given in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10 Impact sources not related to wastes from construction and operation phases

Impact sources not related to waste

Refinery Marine facilities Impact

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

- Foundation treatment and installation of equipments

- Foundation treatment and tankfarm installation

- Welding and cutting activities - Onshore pipeline installation - Intake and outfall construction

- Breakwater construction - Pilling and harbor construction activities - SPM and crude pipeline trenching and

installation - Anchoring activities of laying barge and

supply vessel

- Social issues - Noise & vibration - Seawater environment - Biological environment

OPERATION PHASE

- Product distribution road - Onshore pipeline maintenance - Crude and product storage area

- Pipeline maintenance - Offloading crude at SPM - Loading products at jetties - Shipping activities

- Noise & vibration - Seawater environment - Shoreline erosion

The above-mentioned activities will cause impacts to society, noise & vibration, sea water, biology and shoreline erosion in project phases.



3.2 IMPACTED OBJECTS 3.2.1 CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING PHASE In order to ensure the efficiency of cost and environmental sustainable development, NSRP LLC has considered safety and environmental standards since the FEED preparation phase. All design options strictly comply with standards of Vietnam and World Bank. According to site philosophy for main project components, process units will be arranged in an optimum way to reduce used natural resource. From environmental point of view, it shows that:

Arrangement of high heat and pressure process units at the centre of the Plant will mitigate negative impacts on surrounding residential area;

Crude oil tankfarm, product tankfarm and pipeline joint areas will be located in the Northeast of the Complex. Product tank and sphere tank area will be in the Eastern fence of the Plant to reduce the length of product pipeline to the harbor;

Wastewater treatment area is sired between product tank area and process units in order to collect and treat effluents easily;

Intermediate tank, waste storage, crane and administrative areas are located nearby the West fence of the Complex and Coc mountain;

The control house is sited close the administrative area and near the process units; The flare will be put in the Southeast corner of the Complex; The arrangement of SPM at 33.5 km far from the shore does not need to dredge maintenancely. Crude oil

tanker will approach SPM easier and may go in and out from any directions and especially reduce environmental impacts on marine resource (coral reef) around Me island;

Crude oil pipeline is installed in the North of Me island and far from coral reef area to mitigate impact during construction phase and potential risk of oil spillage;

Product berth construction is considered to the stability of the seashore and near the Complex to reduce product pipeline length and potential risk of marine transport activities;

For Thanh Hoa Province, product berth construction in the East of the Complex will be an advantage for broaden Nghi Son harbor system in the future. This is safe and easy for management and operation of the Nghi Son harbor. Especially, the operation of the harbor will not cause any disturbance to the traffic of local people living in Nghi Son island;

Breakwater construction in the North harbor will reduce effect of sea wave, current and sedimentation loading in the initial phase of the construction, especially heavy modules transport.

3.2.1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ONSHORE FACILITIES

(REFINERY AND SUPPORTED FACILITIES) The environmental components affected by the onshore implementation of Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Complex concern mainly air quality, noise and vibration, water resources, soil quality, flora and vegetation, fauna and wildlife, aquatic habitat, cultural resources, land and natural resources, livelihood activities, population, health and safety, etc. In addition, the project impacts on global environmental issues like greenhouse gases and biodiversity are also considered.



The works assessed in this part include:

The complex site (area B); Onshore pipeline system (area E) including crude, product, cooling intake, outfall pipelines.

3.2.1.1.1 Air quality Project activities During the construction phase, dust will be generated due to earthwork activities and exhaust gases from constructional equipment and truck movement at site. Potential impacts Dust The potential impacts on air quality during construction phase of the refinery are the generation of dust from earthwork activities, transportation, site movement of vehicles on unpaved surfaces and the engine exhaust from construction equipment, vehicles at the construction sites and labor camps. Dust is considered as major adverse impact due mainly to earthworks for site improvement, site excavation for foundation and surface polishing of tank system. The movement of 586 equipment (dump trucks, excavators, bulldozer, roller/compactor, grader, piling, etc.) will create a lot of dusts in the dry season (December to May) and cause dust pollution to Project area and the vicinity as similar as mentioned in pre-construction phase. Moreover, people living along provincial road 513 will be also affected by dust. The steel welding and cutting activities, polishing tank surface and spraying paint on tank and pipeline system will generate a great quantity of dust, VOC and oxide metals (Fe2O3, SiO2, K2O). These substances will directly affect on health of on-site workers and local effects to air quality at working site. In general, dust generated from construction activities of the Complex and supported utilities will directly impact on on-site workers at the Project area. The Project is located in NSEZ but it is too near residential area. Therefore, in construction phase, dusts do not only affect on the project area but also affect on residential area and nearby communes. Impact level is assessed as moderate for 03 years of construction and installation. Emission gas The major exhaust gases consist of PM, NOx, SOx, CO and VOC. Based on number of constructional equipment, volume of used fuels and constructing time, estimation of exhaust gases are given in table 3.11.



Table 3.11 Estimate exhaust gases from construction equipment in construction phase

Exhaust gases (Ton) Equipment

Number of equipment

(pc) Used fuel

(Ton) TSPb COc SO2a NOXd VOCe Cranes 40 3,152 13.6 44.1 0.019 220.6 12.7 Mass transportation buses (60 seats)

122 4,340

18.7

60.8

0.026

303.8

17.4

Heavy equipment 40 2,846 12.2 39.8 0.017 199.2 11.4 Earthmoving equipment 284 17,178 73.9 240.4 0.101 1,202 68.7 Other cars & trucks 100 1,581 6.80 22.1 0.009 110.7 6.3 Total 586 29,096 125.1 407.4 0.175 2,037 116.4 Notes: Used fuel is assumed for 515 working days Specific weight of Diesel is 0.85 ton/m3 a: S content is taken of 0,3%W. b,c,d,e: 4.3; 20S; 70; 14 and 4 for TSP, SO2; NOx; CO and VOC respectively. Fugitive emissions from earthmoving equipment, crane and heavy machines will release combustion gases like TSP, NOx, SO2, CO and VOC which will impact local ambient air quality. Based on estimation exhaust gases from 586 construction equipments and vehicles, the total exhaust gases is estimated to be 2,037tons of NOx, 407tons of CO, 125tons of TSP, 116tons of VOC and 0.175tons of SO2. All these gases created from movement sources will be easily dispersed in an open and flat terrain. Therefore, the impact of exhaust gases is considered as minor for three construction years. The painting activity is potential source of VOC release into environment, especially under sunshine in the dry season. In practice, the painting activity is carried out in different locations of the Complex, so the VOC will easily disperse into the air with very low concentration and affect insignificantly on the environment. Moreover, NSRP LLC will suggest the EPC Contractor apply international painting standards to ensure that VOC concentration comply with Vietnamese and International requirements. Hence, impact level of painting activity is assessed as minor. Noise and vibration Project activities Noise generated on construction site will come from sources which vary in nature and intensity. The most significant noises are produced by heavy equipment operating on the site, such as compressors, pneumatic and hydraulic tools, excavators, loaders, graders, bulldozers, shovels, and hammers. Other noise sources can include trucks traveling to and from the site, the loading and unloading of materials, and sirens and backup warning signals. There is also noise produced by engines (i.e., valves, air cooling and exhaust systems), as well as vibrations generated by tools. Moreover, poor equipment maintenance (e.g., loose parts and poor lubrication) can create vibrations and, consequently, increase the noise level. The use of dynamite is also a significant noise source on construction sites. Primary receptors for construction-related noise and vibrations include site employees and residents and structures in the communes near to the construction site. Potential Impacts Noise is a concern for project workers and local communities, especially in the early morning and nighttime site work activities. The typical noise levels expected from the various construction machines are presented in Table 3.12.



Table 3.12 Noise level in construction phase

Noise source Number of equipment1 Expected noise level2 (dBA) Heavy cranes 40 115 Mass transportation 122 75 Heavy equipment 40 125 Earthmoving equipment 284 115 Others 100 72-74

Total 586 Source: 1: FWL, April 2009 2: Refer to Vietnam construction standards The heavy equipments used in construction and installation works, diesel generators, pilling machines, roller/compactors, etc. and the road transportation will cause noise impact on the workplace as well as the vicinity and access roads. It is likely that at certain locations close to the noise sources within the work site, the noise levels will be in excess of 85dB(A) which is required the personnel on-site to wear ear protection devices. The construction activities on-site are likely to affect the ambient noise levels, especially near residential areas. For construction equipment with a typical level of 85 dBA at 15 m, the expected noise level is approximately 49 dBA at 1 km distance from the source and 43 dBA at 2 km distance. Simultaneous operation of multiple pieces of heavy equipment can increase noise level by up to 10 dBA. The noise from a construction work site may have a significant impact on residence located within 1 km of construction activity and could exceed IFC noise guidelines. Noise levels for a typical haul truck are 85 dBA at 15 m with the average velocity of 80km/h, the forecasted equivalent noise level is LAeq 1h: 50 dBA at a distance of 400 m from the road, in compliance with IFC residential daytime noise guidelines but exceeding residential nighttime guidelines. Noise from transport vehicles will be only transient for a given location and can be considered as a nuisance during daytime and night-time along the transportation access. During the night-time when the ambient noise levels are low, the level of perception to noise is more sensitive and impact more significant. Moreover, the direct driving a great quantity of concrete piles for foundation consolidating will generate noise but also cause strong vibrating within the project area. It is noted that the noise and vibration caused by pilling drivers are most long lasting, stretching and make uncomfortable (reverberation effect) to local communities within first year of construction period, especially at night-time. Thus, noise generated from construction equipment will directly affect to health of construction workers and nearby communities. Impacts level is assessed as moderate and uninterrupted during working process.



3.2.1.1.2 Surface water Impact by construction/installation of intake water and outfall effluent system Project activities The water intake from the sea is installed at the seashore and located on the north of export jetty. Related to intake installation, some works, such as installation of crest breakwater, intake channel, will be implemented. The outlet location will be 6 km from shoreline. The outlet system consists of main pipeline and diffuser pipes which have some number of ports. Whole outlet system will be buried under seabed with ports which are 1 m higher than the surface of seabed. Potential impacts Intake channel with 350m in width and 70m in length will be dredged to designed depth in order to ensure supplying enough sea water for cooling purpose. The dredging activities will impact to 24,500m2 seabed and generate a significant quantity of dredged materials. Wastes from dredging activity and above-mentioned earthwork will be discharged at approved site by the authority or at disposal site of capital dredging materials in the construction phase. Turbidity will be increased during intake installation near shore. The construction of outlet system will strongly cause the seabed disturbance and increasing turbidity of coastal water. However, construction activities are done in a short time, therefore adverse impact level is considered as short-term and moderate. Potential water pollution due to onshore cleaning and hydrotesting activities Project activities Cleaning and hydrotesting activities will be undertaken after completing installation tank system and in plant pipeline system. It is planned to use freshwater and some chemicals as oxygen scavenger, corrosion inhibitor, biocide and dye. Preliminary estimate shown that hydrotest volume is about 500,000m3 which will be retained in settling pond to remove particulates and recycle for one by one tank testing. At last, cleaned and hydrotested wastewater will be treated through on-site effluent treatment facilities before discharging into the environment. Potential impact The discharge of treated cleaning and hydrotest water into coastal water might cause oxygen depletion and high turbidity around the outfall area. In practice, the hydrotest water will be diluted quickly by effects of sea waves and tide. Therefore, the impact level is assessed as minor within 1-2 weeks. Effect of sanitary wastewater discharge Project activities During the construction phase, a large number of employees are mobilized to the site. The average number is about 22,000 persons and the peak period will be 1.5 times higher (33,000 persons).



Approximately 6,600 m3 of domestic wastewater per day will be generated during the peak period of construction activity (Table 3.2). This sewage will be treated in a dedicated effluent treatment system and discharged subject to the storm water channel to the sea. Potential impact The potential impacts which may be associated with the sanitary effluent discharge are to reduce water quality in receiving waters due to high BOD and COD and dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion around outfalls due to bacterial digestion. This might also cause eutrophication due to increased organic loading (algal blooms) and resultant localized anoxia. NSRP LLC will ensure that effluent treatment design standards are set in the environmental design basis, so that the treated effluent from the construction camps will not be discharged into a highly sensitive as Lach Bang watershed. On this basis, the discharge of sanitary effluent from the camps will cause a moderate adverse environmental impact. Impacts will last throughout the construction phase (3 years), but its magnitude will be most significant during peak construction operations. Any adverse impacts to local water quality as a result of the discharge may also be offset by the cessation of raw sewage disposal into water environment following relocation of discharge site. Effect of storm water discharge Project activities Large volumes of turbid storm water will be generated at the worksite, particularly following excavation work, pipeline trenching and backfilling. Potential impact At the end of site leveling period, Dap Ngoai canal will be tiredly backfilled. In order to drainage water for the area from Chuot Chu mountain foot to the road 513, NSEZ management board had constructed a drainage creek along road 513 to Lach Bang river. According to calculation, maximum volume of runoff storm water at the Plant site is about 143,514 m3/h. In order to prevent inundation to nearby community, the Project has designed a drainage channel in the North of the plant to drain off all volume of runoff storm water in the surface of the Plant. Runoff storm water in the South will be drained through a drainage system constructed by NSEZ Management Board along Road 513. Therefore, all of water run off in the project site as well as rain water around Chuot Chu mountain foot area will be totally drainaged out and do not cause effect to nearby populated area. Impact level of runoff storm water is assessed as minor. 3.2.1.1.3 Groundwater Project activities The water requirement during the construction phase is taken from Nghi Son water supply plant. Preliminary quantity of water needed for domestic demand of 33,000 workers in the construction phase is approximately 6,600 m3/day in average and 9,900m3/day in peak daily demand. Total average demand over construction phase (930days) is about 6,138,000 m3.



In addition, raw water for mixing concrete, flushing and tank cleaning and hydrotesting are estimated of 1,153,850m3. Water used for these activities will be supplied by NSEZ. If wastewaters generated in the construction phase are not treated properly, it will be a potential risk of causing groundwater pollution. Potential impacts Pipeline trenching, site upgradation and consolidation activities might impact to groundwater regime of surface layer from Chuot Chu mountain to Lach Bang river. Impact level is assessed as minor due to trenching depth is in the range of 1m in minimum and 4m in maximum. The discharge treated hydrotest water to the coastal water is assessed as minor after controlling content of contaminated substances. The significant potential impact to groundwater contamination in this phase is from sanitary wastewater due to having peak number of workers. As planned, the EPC contractor will provide toilets at the site and camps to collect and treat domestic wastewater on site. Therefore, the impact level to groundwater quality is assessed as small in a short period. 3.2.1.1.4 Soil environment Project activities The EPC contractor will implement construction activities such as establishing infrastructure, transport, temporary storage and installing machines, equipments, works, process units. The contractor will use many materials and chemicals in construction and pre-commissioning phase. Besides, in the peak of construction phase, the Project may mobilize maximum workers up to 33,000 persons. The EPC contractor may need more land to set up camps for workers, assemble and temporarily store a great number of equipments, materials Potential impacts Soil disturbance Total area for onshore constructions is 394 ha. Most of land acquired for the Project (65%) is low production agricultural land (1 paddy crop and 1 onland product crop). The Project area is only about 2.2% of total NSEZ area (18,612 ha). However, foundation treatment activities, building infrastructure and installing units will cause strong disturbance to soil structure from agricultural to industrial land. Impact level is assessed as moderate in construction phase. Potential soil pollution caused by wastes Estimated generation rate of non-hazardous solid wastes in construction and installation phase is about 16,835 tons/year (Table 3.3), in which 59.5% is compostable food and canteen waste (10,000 tons/year), 36.6% is sand/soil waste from site preparation (6,141 tons/year) and 3.9% is others such as packing waste, glass, furniture, domestic waste Estimation of domestic sludge generated from construction site and camps is about 70 m3/day. This is potential source of soil pollution if there is not suitable or enough collection and treatment equipments. Therefore, if mitigation measures for soil environment are applied strictly, impact level is assessed as minor in 3 construction years.



Hazardous wastes generated in construction phase are mainly contaminated materials, oily waste and used batteries Estimated generation rate of hazardous waste is about 79 tons/year (Table 3.4), in which 41.8% is contaminated waste (33 tons/year), 38% is oily waste (30 tons/year), 15.2% is used batteries (12 tons/year), 3.8% is laboratory waste, and less than 1.2% is radioactive waste (less than 1 ton/year). All these wastes will be classified on-site and stored in safe containers. Besides, process of cleaning steel plate surface for tank system installation will create a number of metal slags. Estimated generation rate is about 100 tons/year. Since high pressure cleaning process is often carried out outdoor, slag will be dispersed on the ground and hardly to be collected absolutely. Especially in rainy season, these slags will infiltrate into ground to make the soil contamination. Impact level is assessed as moderate during tanks and pipeline system installation. 3.2.1.1.5 Biological environment Flora Project activities The site clearance, trenching and pipeline installation activities will occupy 30 ha residential, agriculture land and coastal protective forest. This area will be used for onshore pipelines system including: two 48 crude pipelines, 13 product pipelines, one intake cooling pipeline and one outfall pipeline and other supported pipelines connecting from Harbor to tank area. EPC contractor may need more land for their accommodation camps, site gathering, assembling and temporary storage a large quantity of equipment, materials, etc., so more number ha of vegetation and flora will be affected. Potential impact Based on Biodiversity assessment report for the project area and the vicinity [7] of national biological specialists, August 2008, approx. 70% of pipeline route area (area E) is residential land with fruit trees and 30% remained area is protective forestry which is typical by Casuarinas equisetifolia with the age of 5-10 year old. Estimation of affected coastal protective forest is about 35,000 m2 (3.5ha) and quantity of cut down trees is approx. 2,916 trees. The onshore pipeline construction will required permanent vegetation clearance on 30 ha residential area, product land (peanut, sesame) and coastal protective forest (3.5 ha). In practice, at onshore pipeline area, there is not any rare species and vegetable cover is mainly fruit trees and crops. Affected protective forest is limited in a small area (350m in length and 100m in width), the significance of this impact is assessed as minor. Fauna and wildlife Project activities The site clearance, trenching and pipeline installation activities will occupy 30 ha of residential, agricultural land and coastal protective forest.



Potential impact Based on field survey to project site in February 2009, some distributed birds as white herons were observed in Area N and sub-soil disposed area. The biological survey results for area E and its vicinity (October 2009) shown that these areas are mainly considered as residential and agricultural ecosystem. These ecosystems are not supported any threatened species. The presence of 33,000 workers may affect threatened fauna species through local market food supplies or restaurant. However, since full accommodation will be provided for most of these workers and then reduce the potential impact on the threatened fauna species. The significance of this adverse impact is assessed as minor and short-term. 3.2.1.2 Offshore Construction (Harbor, Breakwater, Pipeline and SPM) 3.2.1.2.1 Air environment Project activities It is assumed that the number of equipment mobilized for construction marine facilities will be about 10% of quantity of equipment and trucks estimated for the plant site. Typical equipment for onshore construction consist of excavator, rock hammer/breaker, bulldozers, wheel loader, trucks for backfill materials (rock and sand) transport, survey equipment, anchors, winch or sheaves etc. During offshore construction/installation of crude pipeline and SPM, approximately 42 vessels or equipment packages with capacity of 100 to 200 tones and 37 vessels or equipment with capacity over 200 tones will be required. Offshore construction activities should be completed within a period of 36 months. Potential Impacts Site preparation harbor, breakwater, access routes and material transportation activities will cause negative environmental impacts on air quality, including dust arising from site preparation, construction activities, transportation and exhaust emission from the operation of diesel generators, construction equipment and heavy trucks. 1. Dust Earthworks associated with breakwater and harbor construction will require large quantity of material including sand. Furthermore, the construction of the harbor and breakwater will be affected by sea winds, so the activities of site leveling and truck movement for loading spoil sand, stones and construction materials will generate a significant quantity of dust that will impact on labors working at the project site and local people living along Tinh Hai and Hai Yen beach. The fine particulate might affect the respiratory system of Contractor employees at the project site and can cause asthma, pneumonia and bronchitis. These activities will have a significant direct impact on project labor and local people living in the vicinity.



In summary, dust generated from constructional activities will cause significant direct impacts on labours working in the project sites and to local residents living in the vicinity. These impacts will last for duration of the construction works (36 months). The significance of this impact is considered to be major during the first two years and will gradually be reduced to minor effect in the third year of the construction and installation phases. 2. Emission exhaust The onshore based construction of harbor, breakwater, crude pipeline and SPM system will use typical construction equipment including excavator, rock hammer/breaker, bulldozers, wheel loader, trucks for backfill materials transport, survey equipment, anchors, winch or sheaves etc. The operation of these machines/equipment will emit to the environment significant quantities of exhaust gases. Based on total number of construction equipment for the whole project and the scope of marine construction activities, it is assumed that the equipment used for marine construction is about 10% of the ones used for plant construction. Estimated volume of emission gas generated from equipments used in harbor and breakwater construction phase is presented in Table 3.13.

Table 3.13 Estimated volume of emission gas generated from equipments used in harbor and breakwater construction phase

Emission gas (ton) Equipment Quantity Used fuel (ton) TSPb COc SO2a NOXd VOCe

Crane 4 315 1.35 4.41 0.02 22.05 1.26 Truck 12 434 1.87 6.08 0.03 30.38 1.736 Heavy equipment 4 285 1.23 3.99 0.02 19.95 1.14 Soil/stone transport device 28 1,718 7.39 24.05 0.10 120.26 6.872 Others 10 158 0.68 2.21 0.01 11.06 0.632

Total 58 2,910 12.51 40.74 0.17 203.7 11.64 Notes: Used fuel is assumed for 515 working days Specific weight of Diesel is 0.85 ton/m3 a: S content is taken of 0,3%W.

b,c,d,e: 4.3; 20S; 70; 14 and 4 for TSP, SO2; NOx; CO and VOC respectively.

Exhaust gases emitted in construction/installation and pre-commissioning phase of the offshore pipeline includes emission gas of ship engines, generator, welding machine, crane and other equipments on the pipeline installation ship, pulling ship, pipe carrier and supply boats. Components of exhaust consist of CO, CO2, NOx, SOx, dust and unburnt HC. These exhausts may increase concentration of pollutants in the air. As planned, there will be 42 ships/devices with capacity of 100 200 tons and 37 ships/devices with capacity of 200 tons. Ships taking part in installation of crude oil pipeline within 12 months include laying barges, pipe carrier and service vessels. Estimated amount of DO used for laying barge and equipments is about 18 tons/day; pulling ship is 0.85 ton/day; pipe carrier is 0.85 ton/day and supply boats is 0.17 ton/day. Fuel used for ships includes fuel used for ship engines and fuel used for onboard devices. According to calculation method of United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association (UKOOA) [17], estimated exhaust from the operation of installation ships is presented in Table 3.14.



Table 3.14 Estimated exhaust gases generated from constructional ships/barges

Amount of exhaust (ton) Vessel Used fuel (ton) CO2

b

COc

NOxd

SO2a

CH4e

VOCg

Laying barge 5,616 17.971 0.0590 0.223 0.010 0.001 0.007 Pulling ship 265 0.849 0.0028 0.0105 0.0005 0.00003 0.0003 Supply boats 53 0.170 0.0006 0.0021 0.0001 0.00001 0.0001 Pipe carrier 265 0.849 0.0028 0.0105 0.0005 0.0000 0.0003

Total 6,199 19.838 0.065 0.246 0.011 0.001 0.008 Note: Used fuel is assumed for 312 working days (26 day/month x 12 months) a: S content is taken of 0,3% W.

b, c, d, e,g: 3.2 for CO2; 0.0105 for CO; 0.0397 for NOx; 0.6 for SO2; 0.00011 for CH4 and 0.0013 for VOC Above results show that: Exhausts from harbor and breakwater installation equipments are mainly NOx (203.7 tons), CO

(40.7 tons), TSP (12.5 tons), VOC (11.6 tons) and SOx (0.02 ton) for 3 construction years. These pollutants will disperse quickly at construction sites and do not cause any significant impact on the air environment.

Amount of exhaust gases from offshore pipeline installation process are small and mainly from

laying barge. This emission may cause some temporary impacts on coastal activities. However, since due to the natural dispersion on the sea condition, the impact level in offshore pipeline installation/construction is expected to be a minor.

3. Noise Project activities As mentioned in this report, quantity of construction equipments used for marine harbour and breakwater is about 58 including cranes, heavy equipments, transport trucks, etc. The piling of large numbers of steel and concrete piles by pile hammers and the activities of excavators, vibro-rollers, vibro-tampers, concrete mixer, and welding machines will generate noise and vibration during the construction period. Transportation of material, sands, cement, stones for construction or rehabilitation of road access, construction of breakwater, jetty and harbor will involve heavy machinery that will impact the population living near the project area but also the transportation routes. Potential Impacts Operation of above machines will cause noise and vibration at harbor area, especially the pile driver. Excessive noise will cause nuisance, interfere with hearing/ conversation, cause fatigue, increase heart rate and reduce sleep quality. The direct piling of steel and concrete piles to the seabed will disturb to local people in the vicinity.



Excessive noise will affect on hearing and nervous system. Noise generated from construction equipments in radius of 15 m [18] is estimated as follows:

- Bulldozer: 93dB - Diesel compressor: 80dB - 1.5-ton pile driver: 75dB - Concrete mixer: 75dB

If distance from the hearer to the machine increases/decreases twice times, noise level will increase/decrease 6 dB. Moreover, at spacious area, the noise will increase due to reflex sound from vicinity works. Effect levels of noise are presented in Table 3.15.

Table 3.15 Effect levels of noise

Noise Effect 45dB on night and 60dB on day Not affected

70 80dB Tired 95 110dB Harmful 120 140dB Potentially causing injury

Source: [18] Among harbor and breakwater construction equipments, the noise of pile driver lasts longest and is the most disturbance to local community. That driving concreted piles directly into seabed not only make noise but also strong vibration at harbor area. Affected area will be defined in radius of 200m around harbor location. According to [19], the noise from construction activities will cause negative impacts on the workers if: Continuous noise (more than 1 hour) is 10dB higher than allowable standard for area and time in

day. Sudden noise is 15dB higher than allowable standard for area and time in day within less than 1

minute compared with impact threshold. So, the noise generated from harbor and breakwater construction equipments and varying in range of 75 93 dB will cause direct effect on health of labour force working for the Project and local community in radius of 200m, especially at night. The impact level of noise is assessed as moderate during construction phase. For activities of offshore pipeline and SPM installation, construction machines and engines, operations of welding, ship engine and crane will make noise and disturb the atmosphere on the ship installing crude oil pipeline and SPM. Total noise of these equipments in a defined space onboard will directly affect on workers, cause nervous and tired. 3.2.1.2.2 Surface water The construction of marine facilities including harbor, breakwater, crude pipelines and the dredging activities will have significant impacts on the environment and social aspects. The presence of this oil and gas production and transport facilities on the coast in a relative non-industrial area may be source of important impacts.



Installation of SPM and crude pipelines Project activities Single point mooring (SPM) construction activities include setting up a pipeline end manifold (PLEM) system on the seabed below the SPM, inter-connecting hoses and two 48" sub-sea crude pipelines connecting PLEM with the crude oil tank farm. Potential impacts The installation of the PLEM system and anchor buoy leg mooring on the seabed will also cause moderate local disturbance of the sediments as well as obliteration of small areas where the PLEM system and leg mooring sit on the seabed. The presence of the PLEM and leg mooring will result in sediment disturbance and redistribution around the facilities. These impacts are expected to reduce significantly after installation of SPM and pipelines are completed. During subsea pipeline construction activities, the barge is moored using eight anchors. Each anchor cable typically consists of wire rope over one kilometer long carried on eight single drum winches. The pipeline needs to be protected against mechanical damage and for stability reasons. Therefore, the pipeline shall be buried within a pre-excavated trench. This will ensure that the pipeline will not become exposed due to erosion, be stable in the surf zone and be protected from fishing vessel or tourist boats. Two 48" sub-sea crude pipelines run parallel for 33.5km from SPM to landfall point with the interval of 43m. For safety purpose, onshore and coastal pipeline will be buried at least 1m underground. Supposing that trenching and pipeline installation process will disturb the interval between 2 pipelines (43m) and their moving toward two sides (25m) and on each 1 km, laying barge must anchor 2 times with 8 anchors/time and each anchor will create a 3 m2 hole on the surface of the seabed. Therefore, total seabed area affected directly by pipeline installation is estimated as about 2,279,608 m2. As above-mentioned, the seabed topography of the project area is relatively flat and its gradually sloping toward to offshore in which there are some little rough areas. The seabed sediment is mainly sandy clay. Therefore anchoring of laying barge, pipeline trenching and burring activities will cause strong disturbance to the seabed and organic matters, make temporary un-stability of bottom sedimentation loading, and increase considerably of the suspended solid and pollutants within some kilometers from construction site by sloughing seabed sediment along the pipeline route. Especially for the shallow water which is considered to be higher sensitive coastline than the offshore. The impact level is considered as major in the nearshore and moderate in the offshore during construction period. It is important to note that fishing activities are taken place in Nghi Son bay. The SPM area and pipeline route beyond the Eastern of Hon Me Island should be an exclusion zone for fishing activities. However, illegally used explosives in the fishery may form hazards to the pipelines and SPM. Also, mooring activities of local fishermen may be high potential risk for the SPM. Therefore, the interactions between fishing and protection activities of marine facilities can be raised due to the need for fishermen to understand and avoid pipelines in terms of damage liability. Because the potential for gear to become damaged or miss harped when crossing the pipeline as well as the potential for heavy fishing gears to damage the weight coat of the pipeline.



Harbor construction Project activities It is assumed that about 1,400 piles will be piled. Harbor construction will be carried out from the shore, progressing seaward to the various berths in order to take advantage of land bases access and support. Based on the scale of the harbor, a large quantity of steel and reinforced concrete piles (1,400 piles) will be piled into the seabed to the required depth on the parent stone (25 to 35.5m). All piles are locked together to prevent soil erosion behind the harbor and suffered jetties. Concrete piles are installed by temporary bracing system just after finishing the piling work in order to fix the piles and hold up concrete casing system. Estimation of seabed area directly affected by piling in front of the harbor is about 41,060 m2. Potential impacts Impact caused by sand deposition at harbor area In order to assess deposition at harbor and access channel areas, NSRP LLC has used sedimentation model of the marine consultant, Royal Haskoning [20], based on reference to mass of deposited silt, change of depth and silt depositing velocity at access channel area of Nghi Son cement port in the period 2000 2008. Mean water depths of the approach channel to the cement port show that:

2000: 13 m 2006: 11 m 2008: 10 m

According to these figures, the annual siltation rate varies between 0.3 and 0.5 m/year. With an estimated area of the cement port approach channel of 1 Mm2, the annual siltation volume would vary between 0.3 and 0.5 Mm3. According to above data, following estimates of dredging quantities related to the Nghi Son Port (south of the peninsula) is as follows:

2002: 2,0 million m3 2006: 0,6 million m3 2008: 2,0 million m3 (including a deepening of the approach channel to allow for 30,000 DWT

vessels) According to these figures 600,000 m3 of sediment has accumulated in four years in this approach channel, thus on average 150,000 m3 per year. With an estimated area of 300,000 m2, the annual siltation rate amounts to 0.5 m per year. If stable factor is 2.05 and annual volume of deposit is about 100,000 m3/year, estimated volume of deposit at access channel of NSRP will be about 205,000 m3/year (Table 3.16).



Table 3.16 Quantity and deposition rate at NSRP access channel

Run ID

Sedimentation of cement port approach channel

[m3/yr]

Sedimentation of NSRP approach channel and harbour basin [m3/yr]

Ratio of NSRP and cement port approach channel sedimentation

[%] 1 48,000 99,000 206% 2 69,000 141,000 204% 3 50,000 100,000 200% 4 50,000 97,000 195% 5 68,000 138,000 203%

Source: NSRP-LLC, June 2010 The simulation modeling of deposition at harbour and access channel is carried out with the expansion basin the harbour in the future. This basin is longer than one in construction phase but the width is the same. The presence of breakwater will create a barrier that waves cannot pass and current velocity will decrease significantly. As the result of this, deposition at harbour basin is nearly equal to zero. Therefore, some conclusions regarding the sedimentation and erosion pattern can be made (Figure 3.1) as follows:

- The majority of the sandy infill of the NSRP approach channel takes place in the shoreward half of it. - The maximum siltation rate in the approach channel is about 0.2 m/yr, occurring in the bend. - The siltation of the harbour basin is limited to the southern part at a rate of 0.1m/yr. - After one year, the ratio of sandy siltation of the NSRP and cement port approach channels is more or less

independent of the parameters settings, viz. varying between 194 and 206%. - During the year, however, this ratio varies considerably. - Given a fixed ratio of 205% and an observed annual infill of the cement port approach channel of 100,000

m3/yr, the annual sandy siltation of the NSRP approach channel amounts to 205,000 m3. - A scour hole develops over a relatively large area (approximately 11 km2) due to contraction of the current

around the tip of the breakwater. The depth of the scour hole remains restricted to a few decimeters only.

Figure 3.1 Sedimentation (red) and erosion (blue) pattern after one year morphological simulation time



Impacts caused by clay deposition at dredging area

Besides sand/silt deposition, annual deposition of fine particulates is about 0.2 m/year.

A distinction is made between the initial operational phase and a future extension phase. The main difference between the two is the area of the harbour basin. The harbour basin at the start of operation has an area of approximately 0.7 million m2 whereas in the future extension phase it will have an approximate area of 1.7 million m2 (Table 3.17).

Table 3.17 Volume of the annual infill with fines

Phases Area of the

harbor basin [million m2]

Area approach channel

[million m2]

Area subject to fine infill

[million m2]

Siltation rate

[m/year]

Annual siltation volume [m3/year]

Initial operational phase 0.7 1.2 1.3 0.2 260,000 Future extension 1.7 1.2 2.3 0.2 460,000

Source: [20] With a further extension in the form of the construction of a breakwater south of the NSRP approach channel extending towards the cement port approach channel the infill with fines will be reduced but will not become zero. Tidal filling of the port basin will bring considerable amounts of fine suspended material into the harbour basin which will partly settle around slack water. It is therefore advised to account in that phase of the project for an infill with fine sediment similar to the infill in the initial operational phase (140,000 m3/yr harbour basin only). Note that this volumetric infill is spread over a much larger area than in the initial operational phase thus resulting in a smaller siltation rate of about 0.1 m. The infill of the NSRP dredged areas with fine sediment in the initial operation phase is estimated at 260,000 m3/year. In a future extension phase the harbour basin is enlarged thereby increasing the annual infill with fines to 460,000 m3. These volumetric infill volumes are based on a siltation rate of 0.2 m/year. In summary, activities of pile driving, harbor construction, harbor and access channel dredging will take away sea bed sediment layer and make a strong disturbance to water environment at harbor area. According to research and assessment of sand/silt deposition, it shows that activities of harbor construction and dredging will make changes of deposition at harbor area and access channel. The impact level is assessed as major and short-term. Impacts of breakwater construction Project activities Two breakwaters will be built at NSRP harbor, low-crested breakwater and harbor breakwater. The function of the harbor breakwater is to reduce the downtime for small vessels under operational conditions. The low-crested breakwater is to create a settlements basin before the water intake structure and to prevent sediments to enter the intake structure. The construction of the harbor breakwater will be carried out at the north of the harbor and will have a total length of 1,800 m. The low crested breakwater for the intake structure will be constructed likewise the northern breakwater. The seabed levels range approximately from CD -5.5m to CD +1.0m at the foreshore. The upper elevation of the breakwater structure is +9m height and construction will comprise



of a rock core with a protective rock or concrete layer. The total volume of materials used for construction of the breakwater is 300,000 m3. Breakwater construction is required soil excavation for toe stability down to -5.5m under the seabed with area of 110 m in width and 1,800 m in length. Total seabed area affected by breakwater construction is about 198,000 m2. Potential impacts Impact of breakwater on current regime In order to assess impact of breakwater of the harbor on current regime, NSRP LLC has used FINEL2D model to calculate and simulate current regime at harbor

Documents

Approved EIA Sec 3 EG Trans 28-9-2010 Sec.3-Final