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Approaching the Comprehensive Approach:
Lessons from Preparing Peace Operations
Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf | ZIF Analysis
Partnership for Peace Workshop | Bratislava, 03 July 2013
Your Gateway to Peace Operations
1. Background: Comprehensive Peace Operations
2. ZIF: Purpose and Mandate
3. Institutionalized Comprehensive Approach in ZIF
4. Approaching the Comprehensive Approach in Training: Lessons and Questions
Center for International Peace Operations
Overview
Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
> 11.000 civilians
> 50 mandated missions today
> 270.000 peacekeepers
> 140 peace operations since 1948
> 240.000 military
> 16.000 police
1 | Peace Operations: Key Figures
Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
More types of field missions.
More complex, partly executive mandates.
More organizations than ever involved.
Extended periods of deployment.
Wider roles for (civilian) personnel.
1 | Fundamental Changes in Peace Operations
Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
Peacemaking
Peacekeeping
Peacebuilding
Political dialogue;Mediation
Capacity building;Institution building;Policy support Elections
Administration;Demobilization; Rule of Law;Security sector reform
Monitoring; Observation
Humanitarian aid;Emergency response
1 | Range of Activities
Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
UN
Regionalorganisationen
„Coalitions of the Willing“
United Nations Regional Organizations (EU, OSCE, AU, etc.) Bilateral Actors
1 | Range of Actors
Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
Established in 2002 as Non-profit Ltd., owned by the Federal Republic of Germany, represented by the Federal Foreign Office
to provide independent analysis and advice on
crisis prevention, peace operations, and peace building;
cooperation between civilian, police and military actors;
policy and further development of the UN, EU, OSCE and other international institutions.
to establish and maintain a civilian expert roster for peace operations and election observations.
to develop and provide training for experts to be deployed in international peace operations and as election observers.
2 | ZIF Mandate
Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
Director
AdministrationTrainingAnalysis Human Resources
(Expert Roster)
Projects
AU Roster
Rule of Law
Peace Ops
Fragile states
Peace and Security
ENTRi II EU Training
OCHARoster
2 | ZIF Structure
Center for International Peace Operations
18 employees
~20 employees
Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
~1,300 civilians registered, non-standing
2 | ZIF Expert Roster
Center for International Peace Operations
German Civilians in Peace Operations
(as of December 2012)
68
26 71
Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
2.771 STO, 634 LTO
German Election Observers
(2002-2012: 3405)
525
2862
European Council: 18
Human Rights Expert, Sudan Monitor, Georgia Election Observer, Kazakhstan
Press Officer, Timor-Leste Political Analyst, DR Congo Humanitarian Coordinator, Libya
International Judge, Kosovo Finance Manager, Afghanistan Logistics Specialist, Liberia
2 | ZIF Experts in Peace Operations
Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
3 | Institutionalized Comprehensive Approach in ZIF
Working Group on the Comprehensive Approach (Vernetzte Sicherheit): Representatives from / liaison to MoECD, MFA, MoD, MoI. Analytical and conceptual contributions to CA.
Participation in Working Group on Peace and Development (FriEnt): MoECD, governmental agencies, NGOs. Strengthening cooperation and contribution of development cooperation to sustainable conflict transformation.
Training Partner Platform: MoECD, MoJ, MoI, MoD Bundeswehr: Command & Staff College, UN Training Center Police Academies, GIZ. Pooling of resources, joint trainings, exchange of experience.
Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint Trainings
Mentoring and Advising (w/ several partners).
Intercultural communication (w/ police academies).
Gender issues in peace operations (w/ police academies).
UN Administration and Field Support (w/ UN-DFS, CSC Hamburg).
Field Security Trainings (w/ UN Training Center Hammelburg).
Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint EU Trainings
ENTRi II – Europe’s New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management.
3,33m Euro / 3 yrs from the EU Instrument for Stability, co-funded 90% by European Commission 10% by 14 implementing partners (led by ZIF) OSCE and UN-DPKO as Associates.
Preparation and training of civilians to be, or already deployed to crisis management missions (EU, UN, OSCE, AU).
747 civilians from 67 nations trained in 36 ENTRi courses in 2012.
Courses: Pre-deployment: EULEX Kosovo, EUPOL Afghanistan, EUMM Georgia. Specialization: Rule of Law, Mission Administration and Support, Conflict Analysis & Conflict Sensitivity, Mediation & Negotiation, Human Rights, Women in Armed Conflict.
Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint EU Trainings
ZIF In-Mission Trainings
Since 2011: EUPOL Afghanistan, EULEX Kosovo, EUPOL COPPS Palestine
Preparation and training of civilians already deployed to EU crisis management missions.
Intercultural communication, Mediation & Negotiation.
Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
4 | Lesson 1: Targeting and Matching
Different target groups need different focus. The closer to operations, the bigger the challenge to match target groups.
Center for International Peace Operations
Consequences: Differentiate target groups between
political level, planners, implementers.
Who needs what?
For implementers, pre-deployment or in-mission trainings are best-fit, as they can cover conflict and context specific knowledge and skills.
Challenges due to different deployment modes, dates and cycles.
Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
4 | Lesson 2: Knowledge and Skills
Different training formats focus on different types of knowledge and skills. There is no “one size fits all”.
Center for International Peace Operations
General Knowledge Concepts (Comprehensive Approach, Human Security etc.) CA philosophy in different International Organizations and Nations Analysis and planning instruments Structures, mandates and organizational cultures
Conflict-specific Knowledge
Skills Intercultural behavior Conflict and actor analysis Defining goals and planning Networking and interaction
Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf
4 | Lesson 3: Priorities and Mainstreaming
Civilians’ training time is a scarce resource. To maximize numbers of participants, minimize time required. Focus on mainstreaming.
Center for International Peace Operations
Consequences: Identify training priorities for target groups with respect to
relevant skills, relevant conflict context, training time required, political importance.
Focus on short training courses or modules to minimize time required.
Focus on mainstreaming to reach maximum numbers of participants.
Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf