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Introduction to BioMEMS & Medical Microdevices
Applied BioMEMS to Clinical MedicineCompanion lecture to the textbook: Fundamentals of BioMEMS and Medical Microdevices, by Prof. Steven S. Saliterman, http://saliterman.umn.edu/
Steven S. Saliterman
Individualized Therapy
Song, P. et al. Moving towards individualized medicine with microfluidics technology. RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 11499
Steven S. Saliterman
Cardiovascular
Heart Failure Management Pressure Sensors
Medtronic Chronicle for RV pressure. St. Jude Medical Heart POD for LA pressure. CardioMEMS EndoSure, a capacitive sensor for
wireless aortic pressure monitoring, PA pressure. Campus Micro Technologies sensor for aortic pressure
and IC pressure. Endotronix MEMS sensor for CHF monitoring. Boston Scientifics ImPressure, a piezoelectric based
sensor for aortic pressure and PA pressure monitoring.Kim, S. and S. Roy. Microelectromechanical systems and nephrology: The next frontier in renal replacement technology. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, Vol 20, No 6 (November), 2013: pp 516-535
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Steven S. Saliterman
(A) CardioMEMS sensor. (B) Transcatheter is implanted into a distal branch
of the descending pulmonary artery.
Abraham WT, Adamson PB, Bourge RC, et al. Wireless pulmonary artery hemodynamic monitoring in chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2011.
Steven S. Saliterman
CardioMEMS wireless pressure sensor.
Park, ES et al. Packaging for BIOMEMS and microfluidic chips. C.P. Wong et al. (eds.), Nano-Bio- Electronic, Photonic and MEMS Packaging. Springer Science+Business Media
Steven S. Saliterman
Remon ImPressure pressure monitoring system showing the pulmonary artery implant.
Photo courtesy of Boston Scientific Corporation
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Steven S. Saliterman
(A) Endotronix MEMS sensor(B) Biocompatible housing shown in green.
Photo courtesy of Endotronix, Inc.
Steven S. Saliterman
Other Cardiovascular Opportunities
Arrhythmia monitoring and therapy. Artificial valves, pumps and other actuators. Auto regulated drug delivery systems for
chronic, preemptive and emergency treatment of conditions.
Coronary artery evaluation and treatment, including novel catheters and drug-eluting stents.
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADS) Novel power and telemetry systems for data and
control. Stem-cell hybrid systems
Steven S. Saliterman
Neurologic
Intracranial Pressure(ICP) Traditionally intraparenchymal or intraventricular
readings for post traumatic brain injuries, hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Integra Life Science Caminco ICP sensor using a fiber
optic transducer. Johnson & Johnson Codman microsensor. Raumedic AG Neurovent P-tel piezoresistive sensor
with wireless telemetry.
Kim, S. and S. Roy. Microelectromechanical systems and nephrology: The next frontier in renal replacement technology. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, Vol 20, No 6 (November), 2013: pp 516-535
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Steven S. Saliterman
(A) Neurovent P-tel implantable piezoresistive ICP monitoring sensor.
(B) Telemetric reader is placed over intact skin and collects intracranial pressure readings.
Photo courtesy of Raumedic, Inc
Steven S. Saliterman
Ophthalmology
Intraocular Pressure Sensors Sensimed Triggerfish continuous IP with a soft
silicone contact lenses with an embedded microfabricated platinum titanium strain gauge.
Photo courtesy of Sensimed AG
Steven S. Saliterman
Point-of-Care and Lab-on-a-Chip
iSTAT cartridge and handheld system. Courtesy of Abbot Laboratories.
Kim, S. and S. Roy. Microelectromechanical systems and nephrology: The next frontier in renal replacement technology. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, Vol 20, No 6 (November), 2013: pp 516-535
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Steven S. Saliterman
Chemiluminescence
Integrated opto-microfluidic sensor with a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) photodetector prepared onto a glass substrate covered by a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film.
Caputo, D.; de Cesare, G.; Dolci, L.S.; Mirasoli, M.; Nascetti, A.; Roda, A.; Scipinotti, R. Microfluidic chip with integrated a-Si:H photodiodes for chemiluminescence-based bioassays. IEEE Sens. J. 2013, 13, 2595–2602.
Steven S. Saliterman
Summary of Optical Detection Methods
Pires, NM, et al. Recent Developments in Optical Detection Technologies in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Biosensing Applications. Sensors 2014, 14, 15458-15479
Steven S. Saliterman
52. Xiang, A.; Wei, F.; Lei, X.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Guo, Y. A simple and rapid capillary chemiluminescence immunoassay for quantitatively detecting human serum HBsAg. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2013, 32, 1557–1564.
53. Hao, M.; Ma, Z. An ultrasensitive chemiluminescence biosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen based on autocatalytic enlargement of immunogold nanoprobes. Sensors 2012, 12, 17320–17329.
54. Yang, M.; Sun, S.; Kostov, Y.; Rasooly, A. An automated point-of-care system for immunodetection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Anal. Biochem. 2011, 416, 74–81.
55. Caputo, D.; de Cesare, G.; Dolci, L.S.; Mirasoli, M.; Nascetti, A.; Roda, A.; Scipinotti, R. Microfluidic chip with integrated a-Si:H photodiodes for chemiluminescence-based bioassays. IEEE Sens. J. 2013, 13, 2595–2602.
56. Lin, C.C.; Ko, F.H.; Chen, C.C.; Yang, Y.S.; Chang, F.C.; Wu, C.S. Miniaturized metal semiconductor metal photocurrent system for biomolecular sensing via chemiluminescence. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 3189–3197.
57. Wojciechowski, J.R.; Shriver-Lake, L.C.; Yamaguchi, M.Y.; Füreder, E.; Pieler, R.; Schamesberger, M.; Winder, C.; Prall, H.J.; Sonnleitner, M.; Ligler, F.S. Organic photodiodes for biosensor miniaturization. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 3455–3461.
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Steven S. Saliterman
Fluorescence
Shen, L.; Ratterman, M.; Klotzkin, D.; Papautsky, I. A CMOS optical detection system for point-of-use luminescent oxygen sensing. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2011, 155, 430–435.
Conceptual design of a fluorescence based detection device showing a lightsource (LED), photodetector (CMOS), polarizers and O2 sensitive PtOEP film arranged in a portable O2 sensing system.
Steven S. Saliterman
Optical-Microfluidic Detection
Pires, NM, et al. Recent Developments in Optical Detection Technologies in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Biosensing Applications. Sensors 2014, 14, 15458-15479
Steven S. Saliterman
41. Lee, L.M.; Cui, X.; Yang, C. The application of on-chip optofluidic microscopy for imaging Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cysts. Biomed. Microdevices 2009, 11, 951–958.
49. Ramalingam, N.; Rui, Z.; Liu, H.B.; Dai, C.C.; Kaushik, R.; Ratnaharika, B.M; Gong, H.Q. Real-time PCR-based microfluidic array chip for simultaneous detection of multiple waterborne pathogens. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2010, 145, 543–552.
50. Yildirim, N.; Long, F.; Gao, C.; He, M.; Shi, H.C.; Gu, A.Z. Aptamer-based optical biosensor for rapid and sensitive detection of 17β-estradiol in water samples. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 3288–3294.
51. Ishimatsu, R.; Naruse, A.; Liu, R.; Nakano, K.; Yahiro, M.; Adachi, C.; Imato, T. An organic thin film photodiode as a portable photodetector for the detection of alkylphenol polyethoxylates by a flow fluorescence-immunoassay on magnetic microbeads in a microchannel. Talanta 2013, 117, 139–145.
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Steven S. Saliterman
Microfluidic SPR Biosensor
The configuration encompasses a light source, a prism and a detector, all coupled to a metal-coated sensor microfluidic chip. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection involves variation in the refractive index in the immediate vicinity of the metal layer of the sensor chip.
Cooper, M.A. Optical biosensors in drug discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2002, 1, 515–528.
Steven S. Saliterman
Optical-Microfluidic Detection
Pires, NM, et al. Recent Developments in Optical Detection Technologies in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Biosensing Applications. Sensors 2014, 14, 15458-15479
Steven S. Saliterman
58. Vykoukal, D.M.; Stone, G.P.; Gascoyne, P.R.C.; Alt, E.U.; Vykoukal, J. Quantitative detection of bioassays with a low-cost image-sensor array for integrated microsystems. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 121, 7785–7790.
59. Wang, S.; Zhao, X.; Khimji, I.; Akbas, R.; Qiu, W.; Edwards, D.; Cramer, D.W.; Ye, B.; Demirci, U. Integration of cell phone imaging with microchip ELISA to detect ovarian cancer HE4 biomarker in urine at the point-of-care. Lab Chip 2011, 11, 3411–3418.
60. Jokerst, J.C.; Adkins, J.A.; Bisha, B.; Mentele, M.M.; Goodridge, L.D.; Henry, C.S. Development of a paper-based analytical device for colorimetric detection of select foodborne pathogens. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 2900–2907.
61. Krupin, O.; Asiri, H.; Wang, C.; Tait, R.N.; Berini, P. Biosensing using straight long-range surface plasmon waveguides. Opt. Express 2013, 21, 698–709.
62. Ouellet, E.; Lausted, C.; Lin, T.; Yang, C.W.T.; Hood, L.; Lagally, E.T. Parallel microfluidic surface plasmon resonance imaging arrays. Lab Chip 2010, 10, 581–588.
63. Foudeh, A.M.; Daoud, J.T.; Faucher, S.P.; Veres, T.; Tabrizian, M. Sub-femtomole detection of 16s rDNA from Legionella pneumophila using surface plasmon resonance imaging. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2014, 52, 129–135.
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Steven S. Saliterman
Survey: Role of “Lab-on-a-Chip”
Hoffman, W. et al. Opportunities and risks of diagnostic lab-on-a-chip systems in healthcare from a health systems stakeholder’s perspective. Personalized Medicine (2014) 11(3), 273–283.
Interviews with 30 experts in the field of personalized medicine were conducted, addressing the requirements, potentials and risks of LOCs.
Steven S. Saliterman
“Need” Continued
Hoffman, W. et al. Opportunities and risks of diagnostic lab-on-a-chip systems in healthcare from a health systems stakeholder’s perspective. Personalized Medicine (2014) 11(3), 273–283.
Steven S. Saliterman
“Potential”
Hoffman, W. et al. Opportunities and risks of diagnostic lab-on-a-chip systems in healthcare from a health systems stakeholder’s perspective. Personalized Medicine (2014) 11(3), 273–283.
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Steven S. Saliterman
Synthetic Heart
Abiomed’s AbioCor
Steven S. Saliterman
BioMEMS to BioNEMS Evolution
Thick-films
Lab-on-a-Chip
Micro-bioreactors
Metallic Conductors
MEMS Actuators
Micromachining
Hybrid Integration
Thin-films
Lab-in-a-Membrane
Surface Bioreactions
Organic Conductors
Electroactive Polymers
Self-Assembly
Layer-by-Layer Assembly
Steven S. Saliterman
Classification of Artificial Organs
Class I – Replacement of natural tissues and organs.
Class II – Support for regeneration of natural tissues and organs.
Class III – Bridge to regeneration of natural tissues and organs.
Class IV – For acceleration of the regeneration of natural tissues and organs.
Class V – Hybrids with natural tissues and cells.
Nose Y., Okubo H., 2003
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Steven S. Saliterman
Artificial Heart
Artifical heart recipient Dr. Barney Clark and the Jarvik-7, 1983
J. Willard Marriott Library and Texas Heart Institute.
Steven S. Saliterman
Current Generation
Abiomed’s AbioCor Replacement Heart Normal Heart Anatomy
Steven S. Saliterman
“High-Tech” or “Stone-Age”
2001 A Space Odyssey. Image Courtesy of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Steven S. Saliterman
Large-Scale BioMEMS Integration
Macro-functioning systems by multiplication of millions of micro-sized units.
New Materials. Environmentally Sensitive “Smart” Polymers
e.g. Hydrogels
Electroactive Polymers Artificial Muscles
Structural Polymers Functional unit enclosure
Tendons and ligaments
Artificial valves
Carbon nanotubules for charge conduction.
Novel power systems. Fuel Cells
Steven S. Saliterman
Synthetic Heart
Dartmouth Medical School
Sternum
Right ventricle
Interventricular septum
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Mitral valve
Left atrium
Right pulmonary vein
Descending aorta
Steven S. Saliterman
2-D Layer-by-Layer Fabrication
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Steven S. Saliterman
Main & Branch Charge Carriers
Carbon nanotube with metal-semiconductor junction .
Structure of a multi-walled nanotube.
Alain Rochefortt, CERCA
Steven S. Saliterman
3-D Assembly
Steven S. Saliterman
Assembling Layers
Photolithographic techniques. Microstereolithography, photodeprotection, micromachining.
“Soft” fabrication techniques Molding, “ink jet” printing, other droplet dispersion techniques.
Surface modification Plasma treatments, coatings, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicy.
Self-assembled monolayers. Covalent, noncovalent and ionic bonding and van der Walls
forces. Monolithic integration
Combining MEMS, bioMEMS, electronics, and other components onto a single substrate.
Integration by packaging. Conduits, stacking, dual-inline discrete components.
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Steven S. Saliterman
Design Components
Artificial Heart – Polymer Based
Embedded Controller
Software
Power Source
Data Telemetry
Sensors
Alarms
Steven S. Saliterman
Summary
Individualized Therapy
Systems Cardiovascular
Neurologic
Ophthalmologic
Point of Care and Lab-on-a-Chip
Synthetic Heart