ApplesThe Fourth Most Consumed Fruit Tomatoes, Bananas, Watermelon

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There are over 7,500 kinds of apples.

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Lobo Apples

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Ambrosia Apples

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Ananasrenette apples

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Arkansas black apples

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Bramley’s apples

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Discovery apples

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Sugar bee apple

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Golden delicious

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Because apples do not breed true when planted as seeds, grafting is generally used to produce new apple trees.

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Many apples grow readily from seeds. However, more than with most perennial fruits, apples must be propagated by grafting to obtain the sweetness and other desirable characteristics of the parent. This is because seedling apples are an example of "extreme heterozygotes", in that rather than inheriting genes from their parents to create a new apple with parental characteristics, they are instead significantly different from their parents.

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Most new apple cultivars originate as seedlings, which either arise by chance or are bred by deliberately crossing cultivars with promising characteristics.

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Apples are self-incompatible; they must cross-pollinate to develop fruit. During the flowering each season, apple growers often utilize pollinators to carry pollen. Honey bees are most commonly used. Orchard mason bees are also used as supplemental pollinators in commercial orchards. Bumblebee queens are sometimes present in orchards, but not usually in sufficient number to be significant pollinators

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Granny Smith and Fuji have more than three times the storage life of others. China produces 50% of the world’s apples. The US produces 5%.

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Sliced apples turn brown with exposure to air due to the conversion of natural phenolic substances into melanin upon exposure to oxygen. Sliced fruit can be treated with acidulated water to prevent this effect.

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Apples are a rich source of various phytochemicals including flavonoids (catechins, flavanols, and quercetin) and other phenolic compounds (epicatechin and procyanidins) found in the skin, core, and pulp of the apple.

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