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Appendix _
Anatomic Diagrams
All of the these illustrations have been re-drawn. The following list indicates the original sources upon which the new drawings are based.
Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig . 12Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 22Fig. 23Fig. 24
From LANZERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom SCRIEBLERFrom HACRFrom SCRIEBLER
Fig. 3, p. 8Fig. 11.56, p. 465Fig. 10-46, p. 303Fig. 10-47, p. 304Fig. 10-48, p. 304Fig. 13-31, p. 533Fig. 14-60, p. 607Fig. 14-26, p. 575Fig. 10-17, p. 251Fig. 15-7, p. 619Fig. 10-88, p. 366Fig. 10-89, p. 367Fig. 10-90, p. 368Fig. 10-91, p. 369Fig. 10-49, p. 306Fig. 13-32, p. 534Fig. 14-61, p. 608Fig. 10-92, p. 370Fig. 1, p. 4Fig. 11-58, p. 470
LANZER P, ROSCR J (eds) (1994) Vascular Diagnostics. Springer, Berlin,Heidelberg, New York, TokyoSCRIEBLER TH, SCRMIDTW, ZILLES K (eds) (1997) Anatomie- 7th Edition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, TokyoHACR W, HACR-WUNDERLE V (1997) Phlebography and Sonography ofthe Veins . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo
372 Anatomic Diagrams
Fig. 1. Common carotid andinternal carotid arteries as well asvertebral artery
Truncus brachiocephalicus
1------ A.carotis communis
\I A.carotis externa
~( A.fron toorb.italiS
_ - "; A.ophthalmlCa
~~-T-- Carotissiphon
\, 1 't A.caro tis interna
?t ~~ ........~~ "J~ A.perica llosa.~ ~
A.subclavia G
A.vertebra lis ;, --r . '"
A.basilaris
A.cerebriposterior
A. tempora lis superf. Fig. 2. The branches of theexternal carotid artery(the carotid branching as seenfrom anteriorly on the right)
A.sub-mentalis
A.li ngua lisA. thyroideasup.A.laryngeasup.
A. carotis communis
Sinus caroticus
A.pharyngeaascendensA.carot is intoA. carotis ext.
A.occipitalis
Rr. sternocleido-mastoidei
Anatomic Diagrams 373
~ A.ver tebralisA. subclavia
A. transversa cervicisA.cervi calis ascendens
A. thyroidea info
A. th oracica intoA. intercostalis supremaA.thoracoacromia lis
Rr.pectoralesA. tho racica lat.A.circum flexa scapulaeA. thoracodorsalis
Truncus thyrocervicalisA.cervi calis prof.
Truncus costoce rvicalisA.suprascapu laris
Rete acromiale-~
R.delto~deu.s ~tA.axil laris .
A.circumflexapost. humeri
A. circum flexaant. humeri
Fig. 3. The right subclavian andright axillary arteries and theirbranches
Fig.4. Arteries of the upper armand the anastomoses around theelbow
A.c ollateralis med.anastomosiert mit dem/anastomosed withRete articulare cubiti 1.1
A.collateralis radialis
aus der/from ~R.ant.A.collateralis radia lis
R.post .
A. recurrens radialis I . I
A. interossea recurre ns ', - II I
A. radialiS3D]A.interossea post.
--- /A. interossea ant. .
A.mediana
Aa.nutriciae humeri
A.collateralis ulnaris sup.
A.collateralis ulnaris info
R.ant. aus der/fromA.recurrens ulnaris
~ R. post .aus der/fromA. recurrens ulnaris
A. recurrens ulnaris
A. interossea communis
374 Anatomic Diagrams
A.u lnaris
A. interossea a nt. { :I ,
Ramus ca rpeus palmaris
m~ Ramus pal ma ris prof.
Arcus palmaris superf. Aa. metacarpeae palmares
~ Aa.d igitales communes
Aa.d igita les propriae
Fig. S. Arteries of the hand(palmar view)
A.carotis comm. dex.
Truncus brachiocephalicu s
Oesophagus
A.subclav ia sin.
Bronchus lobaris
Fig. 6. Ascending and descendingthoracic aorta
Anatomic Diagrams 375
Fig.7. Abdominal aorta with itsbranches A.h,pOl;" ,amm.~
A.gastrica dex.~
A.hepatica propria~
A.gastroduodenalis
A.mesenterica sup. _ I.
A.mesenterica info - -..., i
A. iliaca communis dex.
A.sacralis mediana
A.gastrica sin.
A.splenica
A.suprarenalis med.
A.suprarenalis info
A. testicularis (ovaricaJ
A.lumbalis III
A.colica sin.
·~;ttm",n~";,, infA.cohea Sin.
, Colondescendens
Aa. sigmoideae
A.colicadex.~"'- JIt ill \\~IA. ileocolica
A.caecalisant'j Ii \\,~,\Caecum , ,
\r -~ ~A.colica media "iJ 7 =A.mesentericasup.
Colon ascendens
Fig. 8. Vascular supply of thecolon
376 Anatomic Diagrams
Fig.9. Arterial supply of theanterior chest and abdominalwalls
A.epigastrica info
A. intercostalis suprema
II A.epigastrica sup.
~ ) A. thoracica intodex.
Rr.sternales-.::::~, ==r Rr. intercostales ant .
------ / ij,L-- I :;> Rr.perforantes
~. iliaca ext.
~ R.pubicus
~ I , A.musculophrenica
~-'j;2::: \ Rr.mammarii
A.epigastrica superf.
A.circumflexa iliaca prof.__,
Lig. inguinale
A.circumflexa iliaca superf.
A. ili aca into--':>.,<:---- - - --:
A. iliaca ext.---+',----:
A. circumflexailiaca prof. I IA.epigastrica info
A. femoralis
..... Aorta abdominal is
A.sacralis med iana
~"l:"' 1 11 A. sacralis lat. dex,
Fig. 10. Pelvic arteries
Anatomic Diagrams 377
A. i1iaca communis
A. il iaca ext.
A.i1iaca int o
} Add uktoren kanel/Add ""0' canal
\ A.descendens genicularis
~ R.ascendens
If'f - A.circumflexafemoris med .
R. transversus
R.ascendens I ,
A. femoralis l ', 1
R.descendens
A.circumflexa i1iaca superf.
R.transversus
A.profunda femoris
A.circumflexa femoris lat.
Fig. 11. Femoral artery with itsmain branches
- A.sup. lat.genus
" I A.fibularis
~• • . A.media genus. / .
I Aa.surales. A. inf.lat,genus
•• I A. poplitea
A.recurrens tib ialis post.(inkons tant /inconstant )
" , { A. tibialis ant.
A. tibialis post. --+1--1
A. inf.med.genus_.~
A.sup. media lis genus - -
Fig. 12. Popliteal artery with itsmain branches
378 Anatomic Diagrams
/I ,!t, I .., A. t ib iali s post .
n, I A. fi bularis
Fig. 13. Arteries of the lower leg
A. tibialis ant .
I' I R. perforans
R. comm unicans
~ A.poplitea
A. in f.Ia t. genus
A. info med.genus
R.circumflexusfibu laris
Rr. malleol ares med.
~Rr. ma lleo la res lat.
Rr.calcane i (med.)
~ Rr.calcanei (lat.)
, Rete calcaneum
Rete articularegenus ~~
A. recur renst ib ialis post.(inkons tan t/inconstan t)A. recurrenst ibialis ant. .
~u?erositas I If)t ibiae
Membra nain ter ossea cruris
A.dorsalis pedis
A.t ibialis ant. I 'i\
R. per forans aus der/from A. fi bularis
A.malleo laris ant .med .& Rete malleolare med.
A.ma lleolaris ant. lat .& Rete mall eo lare lat.
A.malleolaris ant. med.
A. t ibialis ant .
R. pe rforans aus der/from A. fi bularis_---'"1,Rete ma lleola re lat .
A. malleol aris ant. lat.
A. dorsalis pedis
Aa. tarsales ~ed.- ~
A. tarsalis lat. " ~A.me tatarsa lis V
Aa. rnetatersalesdorsales-mit p roxi malenund distalen/with proxi mal& d istalRr. perforan te s '<: , .
Aa.digi tales do rsal e~
Retema lleolare med.
Aa.d ig italesp lant arescommu nes
Rr.perforantes
Aa.metatarsa lesplantares
., V Anastomose*/Anasto mosis*
"'\JI " Arcus plantaris
R.superficia lis
i3R.prOfundUS
~ A.plantaris lat.
A.plantaris med.
A. tibialis post.
R.p lantaris prof. (. starke Anastomose zur Fuflsohlel• important anastomos is to sole)
Fig. 14. Arteries of the foot
Anatomic Diagrams 379
V.faciei profunda
V.facialisposterior
V.facialis (communis)
V.jugularis int erna
V.jugularis externa
Vv. frontales I V.nasofron talis
~~~ Sinus sagitta lis superior
Sinus saginalis inferior
Sinus cavernosus
V.ophthalmicasuperior
~~v. angU la ri S
V.ophthalmicainferior
V. subclav ia ,<--
Sinustransversus ~ «::::cSinus occipitalis
Vv.emissariae
Sinus sigmoideus
Vv.vert ebrales 11
Fig. 15. The extracranial systemof the facial vein and the connection with the cavernous sinus
Fig.16. Intracranial view of theveins of the base of the skull(view from above with the majorsinuses and their connections)
JI '\ \ V.ophthalmica superior
~ ....... " \ Sinus sphenoparieta lis
~ ~ ~ ' m \ .__ \ , J '-\ ( SinUS cavernosus
~ ="( l \ Plexus basilari s
~ " II I Sinus petrosus inferior
, " " I Sinus petrosus superior
Sinus sigmoideus
IG/ [ 1] / Sinus t ransversus
~ Confluens sinu um
380
V.cava superior
Anatomic Diagrams
V.jugularis interna
~ V.jugularis externa
V. thyroidea superior
V. thyroidea media
V.brachiocephalica dextra
Fig. 17. Veins of the neck
Fig.18. Veins of the arm
Anatomic Diagrams
*
381
subfasz ialeStrecke derlsubfascia lseg me nt ofV.cephalica
--- V.axillaris
I Ill . e pifaszia leSt recke de rle pifascia lseg me nt o fV.ce pha lica
V.med ian acubiti
1~ V. medi a naa nte b rachii
'~V. bas ilica
* V.cepha lica
Rete venosumdorsa le ma nus
382
Truncus jugularis dex.
V. intercostalis sup.dex.~·
Vv.med iastinales /LM
V.azygos - - - m
Truncus lumbalis dex. l'
V.lumbalis ascendens dex.
Anatomic Diagrams
---- Truncus jug ularis sin.
- - Truncus subclavius sin.
----Ductus thoracicus
'")III V.hemiazygos accessoria•)-Vv. intercostales post.
11\- V.hemiazygos
Cisterna chyli
- Zwerchfell /Diaphragm
H I:E.: Truncus intertestinales
V.lumbalis ascendens sin.
I 1&.0:: V.cava info
'\// - V.lumbalis sin.
Fig. 19. Azygos and hemiazygosveins with their drainage.Thoracic duct and larger lymphatics are lighter-colored andspeckled
Fig. 20. Portal vein and its supply
Anatomic Diagrams
Vv. parurnbilicales w
V. portae II
Vv. pancreaticoduodenaII's~r-.......... ~V.gastroomentalis dex. H ;} ~
V. ileocolica
Vv.jejunales et ileaII's
383
V.qast rica sin.
V.gastr ica dex,
Vv.gaslr icae breves
/k.i#i V. splenica
V.qastroomentalissin.
Vv.pancreatica e
V.colica med.
v.couca sin.
" ..... Vv.sigmoidea e
384
V.spermaticainterna dextra-/.:1
V.ductusdeferentis r~ ';1~
Plexuspampin iformis
Anatomic Diagrams
\.\\--- V.spermaticainterna sinistra
V.iliaca externa
, .....~ V.epigastrica inferio r
V.spermatica externa
-.. Anulus inguina lispro fundus
Anulus inguinalissuperficialis
V.pudenda externa
V.saphena magna
V.femoralis
Fig.21. Veins of the testes andpelvis
Anatomic Diagrams 385
V. circumflexa iliaca superf.r-] "
Hiatus saphenus •
V.saph ena accessoria lat. : ,
V. femora lis superficialis --:...- - - -
~V. epigast rica superficialis
Vv.pudendae ext.
V.saphena accessoria med .
./ Ii : V.marg inalis fibularis
--T-' --V. pop litea
' ''~ Malleolus lat.
f'l. I MOndung in die/Openin g intoV.poplitea
II • V. saphena parva
V. saphena magna
Vv. tibiales anteriores --:----
Vv.peronaeae '
Vv. tib iales poster iores I II
V.poplitea---1'---
Arcus venosus dorsalis ped is~
Rete venosum dorsale pedis " U'1
Fig.22. Deep saphenous vein andits branches, as well as superficialsaphenous vein
V.marginalis tibialis
Vv.colla tera lesmarginales med iales
'JbPi1"'\ \ Arcus venosusdorsalis
Vv.metata rseaedorsa les pedis -<.L:: ' I
Fig.23. Superficial veins of foot
386 Anatomic Diagrams
Fig.24. Lymphatics of the headand neck
Ndd.cervicales prof.
.. --.Ductus thoracicus
"., 1/ r , Ndd.parotidei
~~ 7 ' be " Nd.juguloomohyoideus
Ndd.submentales~
Ndd.buccales .. ~
Ndd. submandibulares
Ndd. retropharyngeilaryngeitrachealesthyroideioesophagei
Fig.25. Lymphatics of the armand thorax
- digitale Lymphbahnen/digital lymph vessels
---Ndd.axillares centrales
r- Ndd. infraclavicula res
.-'7ti'f Ndd. axillares laterales
f+-- ulnare Lymphbahnen/ulnar lymph vessels
II U/ mediate Lymphbahnen/medial lymph vessels
V.cephalica {
Lymphbahnenvon der dorsalen LOberflache des Arms/Lymph vesselsfromdorsal surface of arm /"
radialeLymphbahnen/radial lymphvessels JI
Fig. 26. Lymphatics of the neckand breast
Fig.27. Lymphatics of the pelvis
Anatomic Diagrams
Ndd.cervicales profundi~
Ndd. supraclaviculares \ ) ~
Ndd. infraclaviculares
Ndd. mammarii interni
Ndd. submammarii
Ndd. paraaortales
V' Ndd.iliaci
\ J communes
------r;lateralellateral
~~ /,'. ;/C!ntermediarel~ , A Intermediate
i.l I med ialeImedial
387
Ndd.iliaciexterni
388
Ndd.inguinales Isuperficia les -=!T~
V.saphenamagna '..... / l III
a
,/ RO"'NMO,.,.,,,.Nd.
V.saphenaparva (I
b
Anatomic Diagrams
Fig. 28 a, b. Lymphatics of the leg.a Medial superficial lymphatics;b lateral superficial lymphatics
A-V fistula 151,313,357,364,365abdominal angina 114accessory vein varicosities 267,
289aero-osteolysis 191aeroasphyxia 221acrocyanosis 221, 245
clinical features 221definition 221etiology and pathogenesis 221history 221therapy 222
acrodermatitis chronicaatrophicans 249,319
acute ischemia of the foot 172acute ischemia of the lower leg
with occlusion followinga complex fracture 175
acute renal artery occlusion 113,124clinical features 113diagnosis 114etiology and pathogenesis
113therapy 114
acute thigh vein thrombosis 312Adamantiades-Behcet syndrome
236,249Adson test 52adventitia 5alcohol 11Allen test 55Allen test II 52Allenberg classification 74amputation, digital 195,210,212
forefoot 198,211history 185limited, minimal 176,195transmetatarsal 199
anastomotic aneurysm 151anatomic diagrams of arteries,
lympatics and veins 372-386abdominal aorta 375abdominal walls 376
Subject Index
anastomoses around the elbow373
arterial supply of the anteriorchest 376
arteries of the foot 378arteries of the hand 374arteries of the lower leg 378arteries of the upper arm 373ascending thoracic aorta 374azygos veins 382cavernous sinus 379common carotid 372deep saphenous vein 385descending thoracic aorta 374external carotid artery 372extracranial system of the
facial vein 379femoral artery 377hemiazygos veins 382internal carotid arteries 372larger lymphatics 382lateral superficial lymphatics
388lymphatics of the arm 386lymphatics of the head 386lymphatics of the leg 388lymphatics of the neck 386lymphatics of the neck and
breast 387lymphatics of the pelvis 387lymphatics of the thorax 386major sinuses 379medial superficial lymphatics
388pelvic arteries 376popliteal artery 377portal vein 383right axillary arteries 373right subclavian artery 373superficial saphenous vein 385superficial veins of foot 385thoracic duct 382vascular supply of the colon
375
veins of pelvis 384veins of the arm 381veins of the base of the skull
379veins of the neck 380veins of the testes 384vertebral artery 372
aneurysm of the aorta 71 - 74,80-83,86,87,91-102of the carotid artery 41, 42of the forearm and the hand 63of the leg artery 138, 139, 161,
162of the pelvic artery 143,155of the renal atrtery 123
aneurysm of the greatersaphenous vein 285of the internal jugular vein
330aneurysm of the descending
aorta secondary to artriosclerosis 80
aneurysm of the internal jugularvein 330
angiodysplasia 352angioma 353,366 - 368ankle: brachial pressure 134anterior scalene syndrome 50antiphospholipid antibodies 251aorta 18, 70 - 78
aneurysm 71- 74arteriosclerotic occlusion 70congenital anomalies 74-77inflammatory disease 77,78
aortic isthmus stenosis 76types 76
aortic aneurysm 71 - 74, 91 - 102clinical features 72definition 71epidemiology 71erosion of the vertebral body
100etiology and pathogenesis 71morphology 72
390
aortic aneurism (continued)supra-aortic saccular arterio-
sclerotic 94aortic arch 46aortic arch syndrome 77aortic coarctation 75,88
clinical features 75definition 75diagnosis 75erosions of the ribs 88morphology 75therapy 75
aortic dissection 83, 84 - 86aortic isthmus stenosis 75aortic occlusion 70
clinical features 71diagnosis 71therapy 71types 70
aortic rupture 87,100,101aorto-renal Dacron bypass 119APC resistance 273aphasia 23arachnodactyly 89arc of Riolan 115arterial occlusion associated with
a fractured humerus 64arterial wall 4arteries 6
elastic 6muscular 6
arterio-venous fistula 353,357,364,365
arterio-venous pressure difference265
arterioles 6arteriosclerosis 7, 11
definition 7epidemiology 7past and current hypotheses 7pathogenesis 7pathology 7risk factors 11
atherogenesis 10atheroma 9,16atherosclerotic plaques 11atrial myxoma 257atrophie blanche 318axillary and subclavian venous
thrombosis 280, 326clinical features 280definition 280diagnosis 280
Subject Index
differential diagnosis 280etiology and pathogenesis
280therapy 280
axillary artery 64
Babcock operation 305Babcock, William Wayne 305Baker's cysts 325Baker, Morant 325basilar arteries 27,36Bassi perforating vein 292Behcet's disease 236, 249
definition 236diagnosis 236diagnostic criteria 237epidemiology 236etiology and pathogenesis
236therapy 236
Behcet's syndrome 236,249Behcet, Hulusi 236Bier,August 196bilateral popliteal emboli 160blue toe phenomenon 178bony exostoses 167Borrelia burgdorferi 249,318borreliosis 318Boyd veins 267, 286, 286, 288brachial artery 55,62,64
dissection 64saccular aneurysm 62
brachial artery angiography 63brachial claudication 53brachial pulse 55brachiocephalic trunk 50brain attack 22Buerger's disease 66,155,203-213
angiographic findings 143,155,205,208,209,212
bypass surgery 206clinical features 205definition 204diagnosis 205digital artery occlusion 66epidemiology 204etiology and pathogenesis
204history 204phlebitis 309,328transluminal angioplasty 206unique collateral patterns 205
Buerger's syndrome 155,203-213
Buerger, Leo 204bullet wound 151bullous pemphigoid 257butterfly rash 251bypass operation
aorto-bifemoral 103,104,146aorto-femoral 146aorto-renal 119axillary-bifemoral 105crossover 147fernoro -peroneal 158femoro-plantar 175femoro-popliteal 157femoro-tibial 158iliac-to-femoral 147obturator 152popliteal-to-pedal 174subclavia-carotid 60
bypass complication 103,150,151,153
calcification 107coral reef-like 107
canyon varicosity 268,294capillaries 6cardiac emboli 37,178Carney's syndrome 257carotid artery 24,26,28,32 - 34
aneurysm 41coiling 32,40emboli 37kinking 30,32
carotid bifurcation 32,34,37,39ulceration 39
carotid endarterectomy 28history 28technique 28
carpal artery 63cavernous hemangioma 353,
366-368celiac artery 115cerebral arteries 23
anatomy 23cerebral circulatory 23cerebral hemorrhage 35cervical rib syndrome 51Charcot, Jean 128Charcot syndrome 189Chlamydia pneumoniae 9cholesterol crystals 178, 179cholesterol emboli 179Christian Andreas Doppler 25Churchill, Winston 22
circle of Willis 53claudication 53, 128, 130, 134claviceps purpura 223coarctation of the thoraco-
abdominal aorta 75,88cocaine 273Cockett 263Cockett veins 263,267,286,288coiling 32,40cold-induced injuries 65, 173,225
clinical features 225definition 225etiology and pathogenesis 225immersion foot 226other types 226shelter foot 226therapy 225trench foot 226
compartment syndrome 168completed stroke 24compression bandages 323compression syndromes 50 - 53,
58,59congenital malformations of
vessels 351-368angioma 353,357,366-368arterio-venousfistulas 357definition 352diagnosis 356diagnostic procedures 356epidemiology 353etiology and pathogenesis 353generalized vascular
malformations 358hemodynamics 355history 352Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
353,362Sir William Osler 353,360therapy 357topography 355venous dysplasia 358
continuous wave doppler ultrasonography 25
coral reef syndrome 107Corkscrew collaterals 205,208
Martorell sign 205,208corona phlebectatica para
plantaris 278,318costoclavicular compression
syndrome 52, 58costoclavicular syndrome 50cranial arteritis 231
Subject Index
Crawford procedure 93CREST syndrome 238,247,252cutaneous-mucosal-uveal
syndrome 236cystic adventitial degeneration
166cystic degeneration 140
D-dimers 276De Bakey,Michael Ellis 73deep femoral vein 282, 315deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
271-278adjuvant therapy 278anticoagulation 276clinical features 272conservative treatment 277definition 271diagnosis 274diagnostic approach 275duplex ultrasonography 274epidemiology 271etiology and pathogenesis 271fibrinolysis 277general measures 277important signs 274operative thrombectomy 277oral anticoagulant therapy
277phlebography 274risk factors 273therapy 276Virchow triad 271
diabetic foot syndrome 182- 185definition 182diagnosis 183differential diagnosis 183epidemiology 182etiology and pathogenesis
182therapy 184treatment of diabetic gangrene
184diabetic osteopathy 188,193
removal of a sequestered bone194
digital artery blockage 61digitus mortuus 221dissecting aneurysms 73, 86
diagnosis 73Stanford classification 73Stanford type B 86therapy 73
391
dissection of the aorta 73, 84 - 86of the brachial artery 64of the carotid artery 43of the leg artery 156, 161of the renal artery 122
distal aorta 70distal polyneuropathy 191Dodd perforating veins 282, 286doppler ultrasound 25,26Dotter, Charles Theodore 137double vision 23drop attacks 23dysarthria 23dyspraxia intermittens 53
EAS test 51,52Einstein, Albert 72effort thrombosis 280electrocautery therapy 329electron microscopy 19electrotherapy of spider veins 300elevated arm stress test 52embolus 138, 139
blue toe phenomenon 178cholesterol 178, 179from an aneurysm 138, 178from the heart 178in the carotid artery 37in the digital artery 61in the iliac artery 143in the mesenteric artery 125in the popliteal artery 160
empty canyon varicosity 294"empty" angiogram 171endoscopic subfascial dissection
301endothelial damage 9,10,18endothelial dysfunction 8
chlamydia pneumoniaehypothesis 8
Duguid's platelet theory 8lipid hypothesis 8monoclonal hypothesis 8response to injury hypothesis
8unified hypothesis 9
endothelial surface 4endothelium 4endovascular grafts 74, 98entrapment 139,164epidural spinal cord stimulation
177ergot alkaloids 122,155,223,224
392
ergot poisoning 223ergotism 122,155,223
clinical features 223defin ition 223etiology and pathogenesis 223symptoms of 223therapy 224
erythrocyanosis 222clinical features 222definition 222therapy 222
erythromelalgia (EM) 222,223,245definition 222diagnosis 223etiology and pathogenesis
222therapy 223
eversion thromboendarterectomy45
external elastic lamina 5extra-anatomic reconstruction
136
facial telangiectases 329false aneurysm 72,103,150,151familial aero -osteolysis 191fatty streaks 10, 16femoral artery aneurysm 155
ergotism 155occlusion 154
femoral artery, deep 148occlusion 149profundaplasty 148PTA 149stenosis 149
femoral exostosis 167femoral vein, deep 282,286,289,
315femoral vein , superficial 282,
283,285,312femoro-plantar vein bypass
175fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)
112,120,121aneurysm of the renal artery
120carotid artery 120storing of pearls 120
fibromuscular hyperplasia112
fistula 151,313,353,357,364,365
Subject Index
first rib syndrome 50fluorescent angiogram 209Fontaine, Rene 130Fontaine classification 130freezing injuries 225freezing of the skin 173frostbite 173,225gangrene 125
diabetic 184,190,198mesenteric 125
gangrenous foot 183generalized aphthosis 236Giacomini anastomosis 263, 285,
290Giacomini, Carlo 263giant cell arteritis (GCA), (tem
poral arteritis) 231- 234,248clinical features 232course and prognosis 234definition 231diagnosis 233diagnostic criteria 234differential diagnosis 234epidemiology 232etiology and pathogenesis 232history 232main features 233polymyalgia rheumatica 231therapy 234
Gilbert syndrome 236greater saphenous vein 262,267,
282 - 286,303, 307Green prosthesis syndrome 105Gr6nblad-Strandberg syndrome
255Griintzig,Andreas Roland 137
hemangioma 353,366hemiparesis 23hemodialysis shunt 328hemodynamics of vascular
malformations 356Henoch-Schonlein purpura
(HSP) 237,248clinical features 238definition 237diagnosis 238epidemiology 237therapy 238
hereditary hemorrhagictelangiectasia 360
heroin 273Horton's syndrome 231
Hunter vein 267,286,287hypercholesterolemia (elevated
LDL) 11hypercoagulable states 273hyperfibrinogenemia 11hyperglycemia and hyper-
insulinemia 11hyperhomocystinuria 273hyperpigmentation 278,299,318hypertension 11
renal 112,123,124hyperviscosity syndrome 256
iatrogenic friction blisters 323iatrogenic popliteal artery injury
166iliac artery 129,142-147
aneurysm 142, 143bypass operation 146,147fibrinolysis 144, 145occlusion 143 -147PTA 144,145stenting 144, 145thromboendarterectomy 146
iliac vein thrombosis 310 - 314Ilisarow 213infected foot 183inferior mesenteric artery 115inferior rectal artery 115inflammatory aneurysm of the
aorta 102inflammatory disease of the aorta
77,78inflammatory vascular disease
226-242Chapel Hill Consensus
Conference 227Churg-Strauss syndrome 228classification 228cutaneous leukocytoclastic
angiitis 228definition 226essential cryoglobulinemic
vasculitis 228etiology and pathogenesis
226giant cell (temporal) arteritis
227,229,231-234,248granulomatous vasculitis 229Henoch-Schonlein purpura
228,237,248hypersensitivity angiitis 228immune complexes 226
Kawasaki disease 227large-vessel vasculitis 227medium-sized-vessel vasculitis
227microscopic polyangiitis 228polyarteritis nodosa 227,228,
230primary vasculitides 228secondary vasculitides 227,
229small-vessel vasculitis 227Takayasu's arteritis 77,78,90,
227Wegener's granulomatosis
227,235infrarenal aortic aneurysm
71-74,95-98Allenberg classification 74
inguinal region 137intermittent claudication 53,
128, 130, 134, 139internal carotid artery 38,39,40
aneurysm 41coiling 40dissection 43high-grade stenosis 38intraoperative angiography
45kinking 40saccular aneurysm 42septum-like stenosis 39thrombosis 38traumatic dissection 43
internal carotid artery stenosis45
internal elastic lamina 5intestinal gangrene 114intestine 125intima 4intravascular ultrasonography
156Ixodes ricinus 318
jump graft 158,159juvenile varicosities 268
keloid formation 307Kimray-Greenfield filter 316kinking 32,40kissing balloon technique 106Klippel-Feil syndrome 50Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
291,353,362,363
Subject Index
knee-joint disarticulation 199Kussmaul-Maier syndrome 230Kuster perforating veins 295
lateral accessory saphenous vein289
lateral perforating vein 292LDL 9leg amputation 185Leriche, Rene 70Leriche's syndrome 70lesser saphenous vein 262,267,
283,292leukocytoclastic angiitis 254light reflection rheography 269Linton patch anastomosis 159Linton's line 263,267livedo reticularis 230, 231, 253,
254low pressure system 264lumbar sympathectomy 177,
206,209lupus erythematosus 239-241,
245,250,251lyme disease 318lymphedema 336-341,344,347
borreliosis 336clinical features 337complex physical therapy 339complications 340compression stocking 347course and prognosis 340custom-fitted compression
stocking 347definition 336diagnosis 337differential diagnosis 338direct lymphangiography 339erysipelas 340,346etiology 336filariasis 336fluorescent microlyrnpho
graphy 339functionallymphoscintigraphy
339general measures 339inadequate compression
stocking 347intermittent pneumatic
compression 347lipedema 338lymph node metastases 341lymphangiosarcoma 341
393
lymphangitis 340, 346lymphatic fistula 341medical treatment 340myxedema 338nephrotic syndrome 338pathogenesis 336phlebedema 338post-mastectomy syndrome
341primary 344primary lymphedema 336radial mastectomy 341secondary 345secondary lymphedema 337Stemmer sign 337Steward-Treves syndrome 346surgical treatment 340therapy 339
macrophages 9madonna fingers 250magnetic resonance angiography
34major vascular malformations
354mal perforans ulcer 189, 196Marfan's syndrome 76,89
clinical features 76Definition 76diagnosis 77epidemiology 76etiology and pathogenesis 76morphology 76therapy 77
Martorell sign 205Martorell-Fabre syndrome 77massive thrombophlebitis 308May perforating vein 292mechanical pressure 18media 4medial colic artery 115medial sclerosis 67medial calcinosis 67mesenteric artery 91,114,115,
125microcirculation 183,209middle cerebral artery 33mixed connective tissue disease
239,252Monckeberg medial sclerosis
188Monckeberg's medial calcification
13
394
Monckeberg's syndrome 11, 12Mondor's phlebitis 270Moszkowicz, Eli 306multiple arterio-venous fistulas
365multiple renal arteries 118muscle pump 265muscle -fascia pump 265muscular veins 289myxedema 338
nail fold necrosis 246nail fold capillary microscopy
239,250neointima 10neointimal hyperplasia 46neurostimulatory techniques
206neurovascular shoulder girdle
compression syndromes50 - 53,58,59
non-freezing injuries 225
obesity 11obturator bypass 152orthopedic shoes 200Ortner disease 114Osler, Sir William 353Osler-Rendu-Weber disease 353,
360ostium of the renal artery 113,
119,122
Paget-von Schrotter syndrome280,327
Palma operation 314palmar erythema 245panarteritis nodosa 230,231para-venous injection 299paraneoplastic markers 272paraneoplastic sign 61,178,256paroxysmal hematoma of the
finger 328partial removal of the greater
saphenous vein 303pectoralis minor syndrome
50pelvic (iliac) artery 129,142-147pelvic (iliac) vein 263,310-314percutaneous transluminal
angioplasty (PTA) 136of the aorta 71,74,104,106of the iliac artery 144,145
Subject Index
of the leg artery 136,149,156,161
of the renal artery 113, 122of the subclavian artery 54, 61
perforating veins 263,267,286-288,290,292-295,30112 ern perforating vein 292endoscopic subfascial
dissection of 301periarteritis nodosa 230,231pericytes 5peridural anesthesia 206, 210perigraft reaction 152peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
128aspirin 131association of arteriosclerotic
vascular diseases 129cirostazole 131clinical features 129,130clopidogel 131definition 128diagnosis 130epidemiology 128etiology and pathogenesis 129history 128instep claudication 129medical treatment 131naftidrofuryl 131pentoxifylline 131prostanoids 131risk factors 130therapy 131ticlopidin 131
pernio 172, 224, 245pernio/cold Injury 224
clinical features 224definition 224differential diagnosis 225etiology and pathogenesis 224therapy 225
phlebography 269,274,280,282phlebothrombosis 271-278phlegmasia cerulea dolens 169,
279,317clinical features 279definition 279
Pick-Herxheimer 319plaque rupture 10polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
230,231clinical features 230course and prognosis 231
definition 230diagnosis 230diagnostic criteria 231epidemiology 230etiology and pathogenesis 230therapy 231
popliteal artery 138 -140,160-171aneurysma 161-163,178cystic adventitial degeneration
166emboli from 178entrapment 164, 165occlusion 161operative view 163
popliteal artery entrapmentsyndrome 139
popliteal perforating vein 292popliteal vein 263,282,293,315,
325poplitealartery entrapment
syndrome 139,164,165operative view 165
post-thrombotic syndrome andchronic venous insufficiency278,279,318-323clinical features 278corona phlebectatica para-
plantaris 278definition 278diagnosis 278epidemiology 278hyperpigmentation 278therapy 279venous hypertension 278
pregnancy 273,277pretibial varicosity 295profundaplasty 137,148progressive stroke 24progressive systemic sclerosis
238prostheses 201pseudoaneurysm, false 47,72,
103,150,151pseudoxanthoma elasticum 12,
255pulmonary embolus 316pulseless disease of young
women 77
radial artery 55,63,65false aneurysm 63fresh occlusion 65
radial pulses 52, 55radiation damage 44,64,124,147Ratschow, M 129Ratschow test 130, 133Raynaud's disease, -phenomenon,
-syndrome 216-220,244capillary microscopy 219clinical features 216course and prognosis 220definition 216diagnosis 217epidemiology 216etiology and pathogenesis
216giant capillaries 219laboratory evaluation 219medical management 220nifedipine 220nitroglycerin ointment 220therapy 220
rectal artery 115recurrent stasis ulcer 319recurrent varicosities 306reflex sympathetic dystrophy 224
clinical features 224definition 224therapy 224
removal of the lesser saphenousvein 303
renal artery 112-114,118-120,122-124aneurysm 123anomalies 118dissection 122fibromuscular dysplasia 120occlusion 112,124stenosis 112,118,119,124
renal hypertension 112renal infarcts 113renal insufficiency 12resection of the first rib 58reticular varicosities 296retrograde intravenous perfusion
196revascularization of the leg artery
131,136,137Reverdin pinch graft 322Reverdin, Jacques -Louis 322rheumatoid arthritis with vascu-
litis 241,242,245,253,254clinical features 241definition 241diagnosis 242
Subject Index
etiology and pathogenesis241
finger pulp infarcts 242Raynaud's phenomenon 242therapy 242
Roosevelt 22ruptured aortic aneurysm 101
retroperitoneal hematoma101
ruptured varicosity 295Rutherford classification 130
sapheno-fernoral junction 290scleroderma 238sclerotherapy 298secondary lymphedema 345secondary Raynaud's syndrome
244,246senile arteritis 231Sherman's vein 263,286sinusoids 6smoking 11smooth muscle cells 4sphincters 6
Pre-capillary 6spider veins 268,296,300
electrotherapy 300St. Anthony's fire 223Stalin 22stasis ulcer 319-322Stemmer sign 337stenting 136, 161Stewart, Fred W. 346Stewart-Treves syndrome 341,
346stripping operation 269,305,307stroke 11, 22
clinical course 24clinical features 23definition 22diagnosis 24epidemiology 22major risk factors 23percutaneous transluminal
angioplasty (PTA) 26therapy 26
subclavian artery 50, 53, 54,59 -62acute blockage 61clinical features 51,53diagnosis 51,52,54percutaneous (balloon)
dilatation 54, 61
395
steal syndrome 53, 54, 60total occlusion 61
subclavian artery occlusion 60subclavian steal syndrome 53
clinical features 53Definition 53diagnosis 54therapy 54
subclavian stenosis 59subclavian vein thrombosis 280,
326,327subcutaneous calcification 247subfascial veins 263superficial femoral vein 282,286,
315acute thrombosis of the 315
superficial migratory thrombophlebitis 328
superficial veins 284supra-aortic arterial occlusion
24suprapubic varicosity 311sympathectomy 177, 206, 209systemic sclerosis 229,238,239,
244,250clinical features 238definition 238diagnosis 239differential diagnosis 239epidemiology 238esophageal swallowing studies
251giant capillaries 250laboratory tests 239nail fold capillary microscopy
239rarefaction 250therapy 239widened capillaries 250
systemiclupus erythematosus239-241,251clinical features 240course and prognosis 240definition 239diagnosis 240diagnostic criteria 241epidemiology 240etiology and pathogenesis
240therapy 240
Takayasu, Mikito 77,124Takayasu's aortitis 77
396
Takayasu's disease 34, 77, 78, 90,114B-mode ultrasonography 34cervico-brachial typ I 78clinical features 77color duplex ultrasonography
34combined typ III 78definition 77diagnosis 78epidemiology 77Etiology and Pathogenesis 77pulmonary typ IV 78showing the aortic arch 90therapy 78thoraco-abdominal typ II 78
TAO thromboangiitis obliterans204-213angiographic picture 208cross specimen 208thrombophlebitis 309
telangiectases 297teleangiectasia, facial 329
generalized 297hemoragic 253, 360Klippel-Trenaunay 291,353,
362,363temporal arteritis 231 - 234, 248Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome
247thoracic aortic aneurysm 71 - 74,
80-83,87thoracic inlet syndrome (TIS)
50-53thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)
50-53thoraco-abdominal aneurysm
71-74,91-93thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO)
204-213thromboendarterectomy 46thrombophlebitis 270,271,275,
308,309clinical features 270definition 270differential diagnosis 275etiology and pathogenesis 270Mondor's syndrome 270
Subject Index
special types of thrombophlebitis 270
therapy 271thrombosis in pregnancy 273,
277thrombosis of a perforating vein
294tibial exostosis 167tinnitus 23transcranial doppler ultrasono
graphy 25,27transesophageal echocardio-
graphy (TEE) 84transient ischemic attacks 24, 28transmetatarsal amputation 199trash-foot-syndrome 179treadmill test 130,134trisymptom complex 236types of congenital arterio-
venous fistulas 354
ulnar pulse 55
Valsalva maneuver 268, 284varicocele 331varicose veins 266 - 269
canyon varicosities 268diagnostic procedures 268clinical features 266compression therapy 269definition 266diagnosis 268diagnosticp rocedures 268etiology and pathogenesis
266general measures 269inspection and palpation 268juvenile varicosities 268light reflection rheography
(LRR) 269phlebography 269phlebomanometry 268photoplethysmography 269recurrent varicosities 268reticular varicosities 268sclerotherapy 269surgical removal 269tests 268
therapy 269varicosities of the accessory
veins 267varicosities of the greater
saphenous vein 267vascular malformation 352 - 358vascular injury 140vasculitides 226 - 242vein wall 264vena cava inferior 263, 311, 313,
314vena cava filter 316venous drainage 262venous stasis 264venous system 6,259
epidemiology 266vertebral artery 23,24,26,36,46
kinking 36operation 46subclavian steel 53, 60
vessel wall 5vessels 6
types of 6visceral artery ischemia 114,
115,125clinical features 114diagnosis 115etiology and pathogenesis
114history 114therapy 115
Wegener's disease 235Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG)
227,235clinical features 235course and prognosis 236definition 235diagnosis 235diagnostic criteria 235epidemiology 235etiology and pathogenesis
235therapy 236
Weir-Mitchell syndrome 222Winiwarter, Felix von 204
